September 2 holidays and events. Day of the patrol service of the police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

September 2 at Russian Federation celebrated as "End of World War II Day (1945)". This memorable date was established in accordance with the Federal Law “On Amendments to Article 1(1) of the Federal Law “On Days of Military Glory and memorable dates Russia”, signed by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on July 23, 2010. Military Glory Day was established in memory of compatriots who showed dedication, heroism, devotion to their homeland and allied duty to the countries that were members of the anti-Hitler coalition in implementing the decision of the Crimean (Yalta) conference of 1945 on Japan. September 2 is a kind of second Victory Day for Russia, victory in the East.

This holiday cannot be called new - on September 3, 1945, the day after the surrender of the Japanese Empire, Victory Day over Japan was established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. However, for a long time in the official calendar significant dates this holiday was practically ignored.

The international legal basis for establishing Military Glory Day is the Act of Surrender of the Empire of Japan, which was signed on September 2, 1945 at 9:02 am Tokyo time on board the American battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay. On the Japanese side, the document was signed by Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu and Chief of the General Staff Yoshijiro Umezu. Representatives of the Allied Powers were Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers Douglas MacArthur, American Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander of the British Pacific Fleet Bruce Fraser Soviet general Kuzma Nikolaevich Derevyanko, Kuomintang General Su Yun-chang, French General J. Leclerc, Australian General T. Blamey, Dutch Admiral K. Halfrich, New Zealand Air Vice-Marshal L. Isit and Canadian Colonel N. Moore-Cosgrave. This document put an end to the Second World War, which, according to Western and Soviet historiography, began on September 1, 1939 with the attack of the Third Reich on Poland (Chinese researchers believe that the Second World War began with the attack of the Japanese army on China on July 7, 1937).

Do not use prisoners of war for forced labor;

Provide units located in remote areas with additional time to cease hostilities.

On the night of August 15, the “young tigers” (a group of fanatical commanders from the department of the War Ministry and the capital’s military institutions, led by Major K. Hatanaka) decided to disrupt the adoption of the declaration and continue the war. They planned to eliminate the "peace supporters", remove the text with a recording of Hirohito's speech about accepting the terms of the Potsdam Declaration and ending the war by the Empire of Japan before it was broadcast, and then persuade the armed forces to continue the fight. The commander of the 1st Guards Division, which guarded the imperial palace, refused to take part in the mutiny and was killed. Giving orders on his behalf, the “young tigers” entered the palace and attacked the residences of the head of government Suzuki, Lord Privy Seal K. Kido, Chairman of the Privy Council K. Hiranuma and the Tokyo radio station. However, they could not find the tapes with the recording and find the leaders of the “peace party”. The troops of the capital garrison did not support their actions, and even many members of the “young tigers” organization, not wanting to go against the emperor’s decision and not believing in the success of the cause, did not join the putschists. As a result, the rebellion failed within the first hours. The instigators of the conspiracy were not tried; they were allowed to commit ritual suicide by cutting open the abdomen.

On August 15, an address from the Japanese Emperor was broadcast on the radio. Considering high level self-discipline among Japanese government and military leaders, a wave of suicides occurred in the empire. On August 11, the former Prime Minister and Minister of the Army, a staunch supporter of the alliance with Germany and Italy, Hideki Tojo, tried to commit suicide with a revolver shot (he was executed on December 23, 1948 as a war criminal). On the morning of August 15, “the most magnificent example of the samurai ideal” and the Minister of the Army, Koretika Anami, committed hara-kiri; in his suicide note, he asked the emperor for forgiveness for his mistakes. The 1st Deputy Chief of the Naval General Staff (previously the commander of the 1st Air Fleet), “father of the kamikaze” Takijiro Onishi, Field Marshal, committed suicide Imperial Army Japan Hajime Sugiyama, as well as other ministers, generals and officers.

The cabinet of Kantaro Suzuki resigned. Many military and political leaders began to favor the idea of ​​a unilateral occupation of Japan by US troops in order to save the country from the threat of the communist threat and preserve the imperial system. On August 15, hostilities between the Japanese armed forces and the Anglo-American troops ceased. However, Japanese troops continued to put up fierce resistance Soviet army. Parts of the Kwantung Army were not given the order to cease fire, and therefore the Soviet troops were also not given instructions to stop the offensive. Only on August 19 did a meeting of the commander-in-chief take place Soviet troops on Far East Marshal Alexander Vasilevsky with the chief of staff of the Kwantung Army Hiposaburo Hata, where an agreement was reached on the procedure for the surrender of Japanese troops. Japanese units began to surrender their weapons, a process that dragged on until the end of the month. The Yuzhno-Sakhalin and Kuril landing operations continued until August 25 and September 1, respectively.

On August 14, 1945, the Americans developed a draft of “General Order No. 1 (for the Army and Navy)” on accepting the surrender of Japanese troops. This project was approved by American President Harry Truman and on August 15 it was reported to the allied countries. The draft specified the zones in which each of the Allied powers had to accept the surrender of Japanese units. On August 16, Moscow announced that it generally agreed with the project, but proposed an amendment - to include all the Kuril Islands and the northern half of Hokkaido in the Soviet zone. Washington did not raise any objections regarding the Kuril Islands. But regarding Hokkaido, the American President noted that the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific, General Douglas MacArthur, was surrendering to the Japanese armed forces on all the islands of the Japanese archipelago. It was specified that MacArthur would use token armed forces, including Soviet units.

The American government from the very beginning did not intend to let the USSR into Japan and rejected allied control in post-war Japan, which was provided for by the Potsdam Declaration. On August 18, the United States put forward a demand to allocate one of the Kuril Islands for the American Air Force base. Moscow rejected this brazen advance, declaring that the Kuril Islands, according to the Crimean Agreement, are the possession of the USSR. The Soviet government announced that it was ready to allocate an airfield for landing American commercial aircraft, subject to the allocation of a similar airfield for Soviet aircraft in the Aleutian Islands.

On August 19, a Japanese delegation led by Deputy Chief of the General Staff, General T. Kawabe, arrived in Manila (Philippines). The Americans notified the Japanese that their forces must liberate the Atsugi airfield on August 24, the Tokyo Bay and Sagami Bay areas by August 25, and Kanon Base and the southern part of Kyushu Island by midday on August 30. Representatives of the Imperial armed forces Japan was asked to delay the landing of occupation forces by 10 days in order to strengthen precautions and avoid unnecessary incidents. The request of the Japanese side was granted, but for a shorter period. The landing of the advanced occupation forces was scheduled for August 26, and the main forces for August 28.

On August 20, the Japanese in Manila were presented with an Act of Surrender. The document provided for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces, regardless of their location. Japanese troops were required to immediately cease hostilities, release prisoners of war and interned civilians, ensure their maintenance, protection and delivery to designated places. On September 2, the Japanese delegation signed the Instrument of Surrender. The ceremony itself was structured to show main role United States in victory over Japan. The procedure for the surrender of Japanese troops in various areas of the Asia-Pacific region dragged on for several months.

A memorable date in the military history of Russia.

Day of the Russian Guard.

The holiday Day of the Russian Guard was established on December 22, 2000 by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in connection with the 300th anniversary of the Russian Guard. And the Russian Imperial Guard was created by Peter I in 1687 from amusing troops as part of the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments, which officially received the rank of guards in 1700.

The guard was traditionally called a selected, privileged, better trained and equipped part of the troops. This was the core of the army, armed detachments that were directly attached to the monarch, often serving as his personal guard.

The Russian Guard received its baptism of fire in Northern War 1700-1721. Guards regiments took part in the Persian campaign (1722 - 1723), in the Russian - Turkish wars (1735 - 1739 and 1877 - 1879), as well as in the wars with Napoleonic France and the First World War.
The Russian Imperial Guard ceased to exist in 1918 along with the disbandment of the Tsarist army.

The guard experienced a rebirth during the Great Patriotic War. On September 18, 1941, in accordance with the decision of the Supreme Command Headquarters for mass heroism and courage of personnel, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, several divisions were renamed into guards, then cavalry corps, artillery, aviation and tank regiments, warships, cruisers and destroyers. This day is considered the birthday of the Soviet Guard.

Guards regiments, divisions, brigades, battalions and crews are the pride of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, an example of what our army and navy should be.

A guardsman is a brave serviceman who does not stop there. His will to win is indomitable, his offensive spirit is inexhaustible.
To serve in the Guards today means to have the highest combat qualifications, to masterfully wield equipment and weapons, to serve vigilantly, and to tirelessly strengthen the combat readiness of the army and navy.

Events that happened on September 2.

911 - A peace treaty is signed between Byzantium and Prince Oleg.
1642 - The English revolutionary parliament banned theaters.
1727 - The Russian expedition of Vitus Bering set off from Okhotsk to Kamchatka.
1752 - Great Britain and its colonies lived the last day of the Julian calendar. The next day, the Gregorian calendar came into force.
1758 - Canada's first Anglican service held on Baffin Island.
1762 - Courland pledged to allow Russian troops through and agreed not to interfere with the construction of an Orthodox church on its territory.
1789 - The US Treasury Department is founded.
1792 - The “September Murders” began in Paris - the massacre of prison prisoners by the revolutionary crowd.
1794 - Construction of Odessa begins.
1807 - The British fleet begins bombarding Copenhagen.
1834 - American Colonel Samuel Colt patented a revolver.
1885 - Rock Springs Massacre.
1889 - The seaport in Mariupol was opened.
1913 - The First All-Russian Sports Olympiad began in Kyiv.
1918 - Trotsky is appointed supreme commander of the Red Army.
- In Siberia, General Alexander Taube, one of the first tsarist generals to defect to the side of Soviet power, was captured by the White Guards.
1919 - Railroad strikes are banned in the United States.
1922 - Henry Ford's factories issued a warning that anyone smelling beer, wine or spirits would be fired immediately.
1935 - George Gershwin completed work on the opera Porgy and Bess.
1941 - The Tchaikovsky Concert Hall opened in military Moscow.
1943 - the city of Lisichansk was liberated from the Nazi invaders.
1945 - The Second World War ended with the Japanese surrender ceremony on board the American battleship Missouri. world war.
- The Democratic Republic of Vietnam is proclaimed.
1949 - Yugoslavia broke the sea and air treaties with the USSR.
1958 - Chinese television went on air for the first time.
1962 - The USSR announced that it would train and train Cuban officers.
- The millionth resident was officially registered in Novosibirsk.
1965 - Soviet football clubs played their first matches in European competition.
1967 - Retired English officer Paddy Bates proclaimed the creation of the independent Principality of Sealand on a sea platform off the coast of England, which began to provide citizenship to everyone.
1969 is one of the “birthdays of the Internet”. The first successful data transfer between neighboring computers took place in a laboratory at the University of California.
1971 - The United Arab Republic regained its historical name Egypt.
1972 - the legendary victory of the USSR ice hockey team over the Canadian team in the USSR - Canada Super Series.
1990 - the creation of the Transnistrian Republic within the USSR was proclaimed.
1991 - The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic declared complete independence from Azerbaijan.
- The United States recognized the independence of the Baltic republics - Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.
1992 - UTF-8 encoding was created.
- The United States and Russia agreed to lift travel restrictions for journalists and businessmen.
1993 - Uzbekistan announced the replacement of the Cyrillic alphabet with the Latin alphabet by the year 2000.
- Russia and the United States signed an agreement on the construction of the ISS.
1996 - a new currency was introduced in Ukraine - the hryvnia.
2002 - The RTR television channel changed its official name to “Russia”.
- ORT TV channel changed its official name to “Channel One”.
- A powerful (magnitude about 7) earthquake near Indonesia claimed the lives of more than 50 people.

Day of the end of World War II (1945).

Memorable date of the Russian Federation, established by the Federal Law of July 23, 2010 “On Amendments to Article 1.1 of the Federal Law “On Days of Military Glory and Memorable Dates of Russia”

World War II began on September 1, 1939 and lasted six years. This is the only military conflict in which nuclear weapons were used.

The war was started by Nazi Germany, fascist Italy and militaristic Japan. 62 states out of 73 existing at that time (80% of the Earth's population) were drawn into it. Fighting were carried out in Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as in the waters of four oceans - the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Arctic.

On July 22, 1941, Germany attacked the USSR and the Great Patriotic War began. In the summer of the same year it began to be created anti-Hitler coalition. On May 8, 1945, the final Act on unconditional surrender fascist Germany.

On August 8, 1945, the USSR, in accordance with the commitments made at the Crimean and Potsdam conferences, declared war on Japan, and the next day began military operations.

After the defeat of the Kwantung Army by Soviet troops and the loss of the military-economic base in Northeast China and North Korea Japan lost its ability to continue the war.

On September 2, 1945, on board the American battleship Missouri, Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu, as a representative of the Emperor and the Japanese government, and Chief of the General Staff, General Yoshijiro Umezu, signed the “Act of Unconditional Surrender of Japan.” On behalf of the allied powers that were at war with Japan, the Act was signed by General Douglas MacArthur (USA), on behalf of individual countries - Admiral Chester Nimitz (USA), Lieutenant General Kuzma Derevianko (USSR), General Su Yongchang (China), Admiral Bruce Fraser (Great Britain). Representatives of Canada, France, Australia, New Zealand, and the Netherlands also signed on behalf of their countries.

The total human losses in World War II ranged from 60 to 65 million people, of whom about 30 million were killed on the fronts.

Day of the Russian Guard.

300th anniversary of the Russian Guard.

Memorial Day of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which is celebrated in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” dated May 31, 2006

The Russian Imperial Guard was formed by order of Peter I from the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments in 1700. For more than two centuries, guards units won victories in various military conflicts, bringing glory to Russian weapons. In 1918, the guards regiments were disbanded.

The birthday of the Soviet Guard is considered to be September 18, 1941, when by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Joseph Stalin "for mass heroism, courage of personnel, high military skill" the 100th, 127th, 153rd and 161st rifle divisions were awarded rank of guards.

Currently in Russia there are more than 100 military units and formations of the Russian Army and Navy, which have the honorary name of Guards.

Day of Oil and Gas Industry Workers.

Established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on August 28, 1965. Celebrated on the first Sunday of September.

Oil and gas industry is one of the leading sectors Russian economy, and form almost a quarter of the gross internal product and two thirds of the budget's export revenues. The volume of oil and gas condensate production in the Russian Federation in 2017 amounted to 546.800 million tons.

Day of the patrol service of the police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Established in 2002 by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

The date was not chosen by chance: on this day in 1923, the order of the Central Administrative Directorate of the NKVD of Moscow “Instructions for the policeman on guard” was published, which set out his rights and responsibilities. Three years later, patrol services were created in almost every city. Their distinctive insignia was a white uniform with a breast badge and a police baton.

Today, the patrol service has over 90 thousand employees who perform tasks throughout the country.

Day of Lake Baikal.

The holiday was established in 1999.

Lake Baikal is located in the southern part Eastern Siberia on the border of the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia. According to various estimates, its age ranges from 25 to 35 million years.

Baikal is the largest lake on Earth in terms of fresh water volume: about 23 thousand cubic meters. km, which amounts to over 20% of the world's and more than 85% of Russian fresh water reserves. 365 large and small rivers flow into the lake, but only one flows out - the Angara. There are 27 islands on the lake, of which the largest is Olkhon (area more than 700 sq. km).

Baikal is home to about 3 thousand species of aquatic animals, and more than half of them are found nowhere else in the world, among them the Baikal omul, the Baikal sturgeon and the Baikal seal (nerpa).

In 1996, Baikal was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

100 years ago (1918) the Revolutionary Military Council of the Soviet Republic was created.

It was created on the basis of the resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of September 2, 1918 on the transformation Soviet republic to a military camp. It was the highest collegial body for managing the country's defense. Leon Trotsky was appointed its first chairman.

Members of the Revolutionary Military Council were approved by the Council of People's Commissars. Their number was variable and, not counting the chairman, his deputies and the Commander-in-Chief, ranged from 2 to 13 people.

In 1934, by resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Revolutionary Military Council was abolished.

78 years ago (1940), an honorary insignia for the highest military ranks was introduced - the “Marshal Star”.

It was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Later, the so-called “small” Marshal Star was also introduced for marshals of individual branches of the military.

The "Marshal's Star" was a five-pointed star made of gold and platinum with diamonds. It was intended to be worn in full dress around the neck (under the collar of the uniform, and since 1955 - on the knot of the tie). The “big” and “small” stars differed in size and the presence of diamonds between the rays. Before its abolition in 1997, about 200 such stars were made.

200 years ago (1818) Goznak was founded.

Due to the widespread spread of counterfeit money in Russia during the Patriotic War of 1812, Emperor Alexander I signed a decree “On the establishment of an Expedition for the Procurement of State Papers.” It became the first domestic special enterprise that produced

paper money, bonds, stamp paper and other security products.

The Expedition printed not only Russian banknotes, but also money for the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Finland, and payment stamps for the Russian-American campaign.

In 1919, the Expedition for the Procurement of State Papers was transformed into the Directorate of Factories for the Procurement of State Papers, or Goznak for short.

Today, JSC Goznak includes eight enterprises - branches: Moscow Printing Factory, Perm Printing Factory, Moscow Printing House of Goznak, St. Petersburg Paper Mill, Krasnokamsk Paper Mill, Moscow mint, St. Petersburg Mint and Research Institute. It produces not only banknotes, change and commemorative coins, but also passports, excise stamps, orders and medals, GSM cards and telephone cards; bank plastic cards, etc.

The production capacity of the enterprise allows the annual production of 11 thousand tons of security banknote paper, 7 billion copies of banknotes, 5 billion coins, up to 40 million passports, from 30 to 45 million postage stamps, etc.

What holiday is today: September 2, 2018 is also the church holiday of Samoilov Day

On September 2, 2018, the national holiday Samoilov Day is celebrated. The church today remembers the prophet Samuel, who lived in the 12th century BC. e.

According to legend, from birth the saint was in the care of the judge of Israel, the high priest Eli. One of the first revelations that came to the boy in his adolescence said that the house of the judge would fall for the sins and unbridledness of his sons. When the prophecy came true, Eli died from intkbbee grief. So Samuel became a judge of Israel.

The Prophet saw this as a sign of God and put a lot of effort into developing the Christian faith among his people. Much was achieved thanks to the “prophetic schools” he founded, whose task was to awaken love for the homeland and spread enlightenment.

Under his rule, the Israelites recaptured the cities previously captured by the Philistines, and they themselves returned the taken Ark of God. Having reached old age, Samuel did not find a worthy successor and was forced to install a king for the people. Leaving his post, the prophet looked for a person whom he could inadvertently offend, but could not find, and with a calm soul he retired.

According to signs, if mice move from the fields into houses, the winter will be cold.

If the cranes fly high and leisurely, it means a warm autumn.

The rooks have gathered in warm regions - it will be a cold autumn.

Day of Oil and Gas Industry Workers (Oilman's Day)

Oil and Gas Industry Workers' Day is celebrated annually on the first Sunday of September. Oilman's Day in 2018 falls on September 2 and is not a national holiday. The honors are formalized by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 1, 1980 No. 3018-X “On holidays and memorial days.”

Day of the end of World War II

The end of World War II is celebrated on September 2. The official celebration began in 2010, after the publication on July 23 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Amendments to Art. 1.1 of the Federal Law “On Days of Military Glory and Memorable Dates of Russia.” However, for many this date has become significant event since 1945. In 2018, it is celebrated at the state level for the 9th time.

Police Patrol Day

The Day of Patrol Service of the Police of the Russian Federation is celebrated on September 2. It was on this day in 1923 that the Central Administrative Department of the NKVD, by Order No. 4, approved the “Instructions for the policeman on guard.”

Russian Guard Day

On December 22, 2000, Russian President V. Putin ratified Decree No. 2032 “On the establishment of the Day of the Russian Guard,” deciding to celebrate it on September 2. The document was published in honor of the 300th anniversary of this privileged part of the troops. In 2018 it will be celebrated for the 18th time.

Alexander, Victor, Vladimir, Ivan, Lev, Maxim, Nikolai, Samuel, Stepan, Timofey, Fedor.

• 1843 - The first issue of the London magazine The Economist went on sale.
• 1918 - The All-Russian Central Executive Committee established the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, headed by Leon Trotsky.
• 1939 - Scientists wrote a letter to the US President about the situation in nuclear energy.
• 1940 - an honorary insignia for the highest military ranks was introduced - the Marshall Star.
• 1945 - the day the Second World War ended. The Act of Unconditional Surrender of Japan was signed.

• John Howard 1726 - British philanthropist.
• Louis I Bonaparte 1778 - King of Holland.
• Esteban José Echeverría 1805 - Argentine poet.
• Eugene Field 1850 - American writer.
• Frederick Soddy 1877 - English radiochemist.
• Alexander Kazantsev 1906 - Soviet science fiction writer.
• Evgeny Leonov 1926 - Soviet actor.
• Andrey Petrov 1930 - Soviet composer.
• Felix Shtilmark 1931 - Russian ecologist.
• Valentin Graft 1935 - Russian actor.
• Elena Proklova 1953 - Russian actress.
• Keanu Reeves 1964 - American actor.