October 22 what happened on this day. International Mother in Law Day

On this day in 362, the famous temple of Apollo in Daphne (near Antioch in Syria) mysteriously burned down from fire that “fell from heaven.” The place where the temple stood is called the first “culture and recreation park” in the world. In addition to the sanctuary, according to Libanius, an outstanding orator and teacher of eloquence of late antiquity, there were: “the sanctuary of Zeus, the Olympic stadium, the theater... many thick and tall cypress trees, shady paths, choirs of songbirds... smells sweeter than incense, majestic shelters , the vines that creep into the men's quarters, the gardens of Alcinous, the Sicilian meal...” All this evoked the most immediate reactions from visitors: “... you can’t help but scream, you can’t help but jump, gallop, you can’t help but feel happiness from this spectacle, not to feel... inspired with joy.” Alas, the joy ended when the temple was destroyed. However, according to another theory, he was burned local population in protest against the visit to the city of the last pagan emperor Flavius Claudius Julian.

On October 22, 1612, Minin and Pozharsky expelled the Poles from Moscow. This fact seems to be the end of the agreement. The time of troubles corresponds to vague ideas about it.

In the next century, the victories of Russian weapons on this autumn day continued. On October 22, 1702, Russian troops won their first serious victory over the Swedes - they captured the Oreshek fortress, renamed Shlisselburg by Peter. And on October 22, 1721, when the war was victoriously completed, the senators presented the Tsar with the titles of Great, Emperor and Father of the Fatherland. That one - so be it! - agreed.

On October 22, 1797, 14 years after the first balloon was lifted into the sky, the famous balloonist Andre Jacques Garnerin made the historic first parachute jump from aircraft(not from a tower or roof). Garnerin, who climbed to a height of 680 meters above the Parisian Parc Monceau with his brother, at some point ordered him to cut the rope holding an 8-meter canvas-covered umbrella under the gondola. And then, clutching the handle of the umbrella, he went into free fall, accompanied by the enthusiastic glances of a crowd of thousands.

On October 22, 1842, the jewelry workshop of Gustav Faberge was opened in St. Petersburg. He made all kinds of women's jewelry in the then popular French style. The main clients of his company were members of the imperial family and court nobles. At first, Faberge's share in the Court's orders was regarded as insignificant, but over the years it increased. The master quickly managed to gain favor in high circles by providing free services for the assessment, repair and restoration of jewelry in the Hermitage.

On this day in 1860, the Mariinsky Opera and Ballet Theater opened in St. Petersburg in a rebuilt circus building, based on the troupe of the previously existing Kamenny Theater. It was named after Empress Maria Feodorovna.

On this day in 1883, the Metropolitan Opera, now one of the largest theaters in the world, opened in New York with a performance of Charles Gounod's opera Faust. In the early years, he preferred Wagner's operas - the German theater troupe was led by conductor Leopold Damrosch. A quarter of a century later, when Arturo Toscanini became artistic director, the opera “The Queen of Spades” staged by Gustav Mahler also appeared among the premieres. Subsequently, the theater established traditions of staging operas in the original language and inviting the main director to individual performances.

On October 22, 1895, one of the most unusual train accidents occurred in Paris at the Montparnasse station. An arriving passenger train failed to brake on the slope, drove onto the platform, broke through the wall of the station and fell from a ten-meter height onto the street. Everyone on the train survived, but the newspaper seller was crushed under the rubble of the wall.

On October 22, 1918, a statement from his owner was conveyed from the Kremlin office: “I ask you to enroll me as a member of the professional Union of Soviet Journalists. Vl. Ulyanov (Lenin)". The Soviet newspaper wolves, of course, respected this request. Lenin, as you know, answered a questionnaire about his profession: journalist. I could not help but understand the role of the media - although they were not yet called the fourth estate.

On this day in 1919, the Reds defeated the Whites near Petrograd. For some, it is a victory for those who fought for a just cause. For others, it is a misfortune, a missed opportunity to save Russia. For others, something else.

On October 22, 1935, the premiere of I. Dzerzhinsky’s opera “Quiet Don” took place at the Maly Opera Theater in Leningrad.

On this day in 1936, testing of three experimental mini-cars of the V3 model, a prototype of the famous Volkswagen Beetle, began in Stuttgart. They were assembled in his personal garage by 53-year-old self-taught Austrian designer Ferdinand Porsche, a former employee of DaimlerBenz, recognized as the greatest automobile designer of the 20th century. He began work at the beginning of 1934 on the personal instructions of Adolf Hitler. He wanted to get a truly “people's car” (in German “Volkswagen”), which could accommodate a German family with three children, was fast, reliable and cost no more than 990 Reichsmarks - the price of a motorcycle. The parameters set by the Fuhrer were met (however, Porsche copied many details from the Czech Tatra), but the mass production of the car was prevented by the war.

On October 22, 1938, American inventor Chester Carlson demonstrated his machine for making copies of paper documents. Two years later he will patent his invention, and in 1947 there will be a company that is interested in it. At the end of the 50s, the first machines would go on sale, and after more than 30 years, the copier could finally be freely used in our country. Chester Carlson was born in 1906 in Seattle (USA) into the family of a hairdresser. The family moved from city to city until they finally settled in San Bernardino, California. When Chester turned 14, he became the sole breadwinner in the family. Despite all the hardships, Chester managed to finish college, then the California Institute of Technology. In search of work, Carlson went to the East Coast of the United States, to New York, where he got a job in the patent department of Mallory, an electronics company. It was in the patent department, when the required copy of the patent was not at hand, that Carlson first thought that it would be nice to come up with some quick and cheap way to copy the necessary papers. He went to New York Public library and began to rummage through mountains of technical literature. His attention was drawn to the description of the experiments of a Hungarian scientist with substances that change their electrical properties under the influence of light. This is how the idea of electrophotography arose. The first photocopy in history was made on October 22, 1938, on a zinc plate coated with a layer of sulfur. Creating a static charge on it and irradiating the plate through the glass with the inscription applied to it transferred the inscription to the sulfur layer. Sticky specks of dust made it possible to read: “10-22-38 ASTORIA.” However, it took more years to perfect the electrical copying technology. In 1947, the little-known Haloid company from Rochester began developing copiers based on Carlson's invention. Two years later, the first copier model in history went on sale. The copying technology was called “xerography” - from the Greek words “xeros” (“dry”) and “graphe” (writing). The new name of the company “Haloid” came from “xerography” - since 1958 it began to be called “Haloid Xerox”, and then simply “Xerox”. Real success came in 1959 with the release of the 914 model, which began to rapidly gain popularity, and Xerox earned hundreds of millions of dollars. The inventor of xerography, Chester Carlson, lived until 1968. Of the $150 million he received from Xerox, he spent $100 million on charity.

On October 22, 1945, the wedding of the Vice President of Argentina, General Juan Domingo Peron, and actress Eva Maria Duarte took place.

On October 22, 1962, US President John Kennedy spoke on the radio. His speech was the culmination of the Cuban missile crisis, the actors of which were the USSR, Cuba, the USA, and the audience was the whole world, which in those October days was closer than ever to a third world war using nuclear weapons. In mid-October 1962, American reconnaissance aircraft reported the presence of Soviet missiles ready for installation on the island of Cuba. The USSR government stated that military supplies were carried out exclusively “for defense purposes” and accused the United States of aggression against Cuba. The United States argued that the presence of missiles meant only one thing - the USSR's readiness to launch a missile attack on the United States. Both states demonstrated their determination to take extreme measures. In his speech on October 22, Kennedy gave the USSR an ultimatum: to immediately remove the missiles from Cuba. The US President emphasized that he had ordered the US armed forces “to be prepared for any development of events.” Kennedy announced that a missile launched from Cuba against any country in the Western Hemisphere would be considered an attack by the USSR on the United States and would require immediate retaliation against Soviet Union. The world watched with bated breath further development events. Meanwhile, Soviet ships continued to sail in the direction of Cuba, and the United States moved 90 warships and 8 aircraft carriers to the island. Robert McNamara, who was then the United States Secretary of Defense, later recalled that when he returned home on the night of Saturday, October 27, he did not expect to live until the following Saturday. The situation has become tense - nuclear war was by no means inevitable. The USSR government finally agreed to the withdrawal of missiles from Cuba in exchange for US assurances of respect for the territorial integrity of Cuba and non-interference in its internal affairs. The concession of the USSR to the United States during the Cuban Missile Crisis was subsequently blamed on Khrushchev and was one of the reasons for the resignation of the Secretary General two years later. On the same day, GRU Colonel Oleg Penkovsky was arrested.

On October 22, 1964, the French philosopher and writer Jean-Paul Sartre abandoned Nobel Prize.

This day went down in the history of world cinema. In 1964, the film My Fair Lady starring Audrey Hepburn was released in the United States. leading role. And exactly a year later, Federico Fellini’s new film “Juliet and the Perfume” was released on the screens of Italy and France, which became the master’s first color film.

On October 22, 1980, Pope John Paul II overturned the 1633 verdict condemning Galileo.

On this day in 2000, the Taliban banned the population of Afghanistan from playing sports in the evenings. That is, individually, locked in a room or personal gym, of course, you can. But you can’t play football, basketball or other team games in the evening - believers are distracted from prayer.

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October 22, day in history, marked by a lot of great events, including the birth of Sarah Bernhardt and Catherine Deneuve.

In 4004 BC. The Act of Creation (the creation of the world by God) took place, according to a statement made by the Irish Archbishop James Ussher in 1650 based on the study of the Old Testament.

In 1797, French aeronaut Andre Jacques Garnerin made the first parachute jump in history from an aircraft - a hot air balloon.

In 1842, jeweler Gustav Faberge opened a jewelry workshop in St. Petersburg.

In 1844, Sarah Bernhardt, a French actress, was born.

In 1870, Ivan Bunin, a Russian writer and Nobel Prize laureate, was born.

In 1883, the Metropolitan Opera opened in New York. On the first evening, Gounod's opera Faust was performed.

In the same year, Mayne Reed, an English writer and author of adventure novels, passed away.

In 1907, depositors ran out of the Knickerbocker Trust Company, the banking panic of 1907.

In 1909, for the first time, a woman (she was the Frenchwoman Elisa Desroches) made a solo flight in an airplane.

In 1922, the Supreme Economic Council organized a commission at TsAGI for the construction of metal aircraft - the official date of the founding of the oldest aviation design bureau in Russia and in the world, A. N. Tupolev (now JSC Tupolev).

In 1926 this day in history was marked by the birth of the Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, People's Artist of the RSFSR Spartak Mishulin.

In 1935, the premiere of I. Dzerzhinsky’s opera “Quiet Don” took place at the Maly Opera Theater in Leningrad.

In 1938, American inventor Chester Carlson demonstrated his machine for making copies of paper documents.

In 1943, south and southeast of the city of Kremenchug Soviet troops mastered district center Dnepropetrovsk region the city of Verkhnedneprovsk, and also occupied more than 50 other settlements.

In the same year, Catherine Deneuve, a French actress and world cinema star, was born.

In 1945, the wedding of the Vice President of Argentina, General Juan Domingo Peron, and actress Eva Maria Duarte took place.

In 1957, Haiti held presidential and parliamentary elections, which were controlled by the military. Francois Duvalier was elected president of the country.

In 1962, US President John Kennedy issued a statement declaring an air and sea blockade of Cuba, where Soviet missiles were discovered - the beginning of the Cuban Missile Crisis - the confrontation between the USSR and the USA.

In 1964, the film “My Fair Lady” starring Audrey Hepburn was released in the United States.

In 1970, Bernardo Bertolucci's film "The Conformist" was released, based on the novel by Alberto Moravia, starring Jean-Louis Trintignant and Stefania Sandrelli.

In 1980, the Pope overturned the 1633 verdict condemning Galileo.

In 1982, the film “First Blood” appeared on US screens with Sylvester Stallone in the role of a Vietnam War veteran named Rambo.

In 1987, Joseph Brodsky was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

In 1990, the city of Gorky was returned to its historical name - Nizhny Novgorod.

In 2001, the legendary Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, People's Artist of the USSR Georgy Vitsin died.

In 2003, Evanescence guitarist and founder Ben Moody left the band.

In 2009, Windows 7 was officially released.

October 22 - day in history, marked by the birth of such outstanding personalities as: Christopher Lloyd, Catherine Deneuve, Jeff Goldblum, Anna Koshmal, Alexander Demidov, Spartak Mishulin and many others.

The poem “Late in autumn...” Fyodor Tyutchev wrote on October 22, 159 years ago. It was published the following year, 1859, in the magazine Russian wealth", and Leo Tolstoy marked it with the sign "K!" – beauty.

On October 22, 1869, the artist Philip Malyavin was born into a large peasant family, a prominent representative of Russian impressionism, who created the famous series of “blooming Russian women” with elements of the Art Nouveau style.

In his youth, Malyavin was a novice of the Athos Monastery and worked in an icon-painting workshop. In the 90s of the 19th century he studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts with Ilya Repin. In 1900, he became a member of the World of Art association, and then the Union of Russian Artists, from which he was delegated to the Kremlin, where he drew Lenin and other party leaders from life.

Sent in 1922 to organize a personal exhibition abroad, Malyavin never returned to his homeland: he first settled in Paris, then moved to Nice. Here he continued to write a series of “Russian women”, which enjoyed constant success, and based on his Kremlin drawings he created a series of evil caricatures.

According to Vasily Rozanov, his famous painting “Three Women” expresses Rus' of all centuries.

“...The most remarkable of the figures, however, is the one on the right,” noted Rozanov. “It was she who gave the red, fiery color to the whole picture... Nothing will crush this woman, but she will crush herself.” This woman is Batu. Everything that is rude and cruel in Rus', arrogant and arrogant, came from her. All “ruthless” Rus' came from her. Here is Arakcheev, here is the oprichnina of Grozny, and everything bad..."

In the evening hour, over the peaceful steppe,
When the sunset shone over her,
Among the heavens, along the ethereal path,
The evening angel flew by.

The feeling of the eternal cycle of life in Bunin’s poems certainly continues poetic tradition Tyutcheva.

Ivan Bunin was born on October 22, 1870. He became the first Russian writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated in prose the typical Russian character."

On October 22, 1891, the Monk Ambrose of Optina (in the world - Alexander Mikhailovich Grenkov), hieromonk, elder of the Optina Pustyn monastery in the Kaluga province, reposed.

Having received his education at the Tambov seminary, he entered a monastery, where he gained respect for his asceticism and humility. In 1860, Ambrose was elected elder of the desert. People turned to him for spiritual help and healing from physical illnesses. The writer Fyodor Dostoevsky, the philosopher Konstantin Leontiev, the historian Mikhail Pogodin came to Optina...

Even Leo Tolstoy, who later became an enemy of Orthodoxy, after a conversation with the elder, said: “This Father Ambrose is a completely holy man, I talked with him, and somehow my soul felt light and joyful. When you talk to such a person, you feel the closeness of God.”

A quarter of a century after the death of the elder, in 1917, the Optina Monastery was closed and returned to the Russian Orthodox Church only 70 years later, in 1987. And in June 1988, the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church Ambrose of Optina was canonized.

Needless to say, in the history of the Nobel Prizes, the literary nomination turned out to be the most controversial, and at times scandalous.

On the date of our review - October 22, 1964 - the philosopher, playwright and writer Jean-Paul Sartre joined the ranks of the Nobel “refuseniks”. Upon learning that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, he said that he “does not want to be turned into public institution" Sartre expressed concern that fame Nobel laureate will only hinder his radical political activity, which he was mainly involved in recent years life.

On October 22, 30 years ago, the popular French actor Lino Ventura, remembered by audiences for his films “Elevator to the Scaffold,” “The Sicilian Clan,” “The Seventh Target,” “Farewell to the Policeman,” passed away...

He was born in Parma, Italy. However, from the age of 8 he lived in France, which became his second homeland.

In his youth, Lino tried many professions, showing special abilities in boxing, but an accidental injury put an end to his sports career.

Cinema was Ventura's second passion. He made his debut in 1953 in Becker's film Don't Touch the Booty. The role of a “bad guy,” which quickly became established for the actor, unexpectedly acquired a comedic overtones in 1958 after the film “The Gorilla Welcomes You.” However, already in the early 60s it became clear that Ventura had remarkable dramatic talent. His role is expanding - the actor plays “reliable” men, often with a criminal past (remember the wonderful films of Robert Enrico “Lumberjacks” and “Adventurers”), and the gangsters in his performance acquire sympathetic human features. Lino Ventura contributed a lot to the popularity of the French police film, playing both bandits and police commissioners with an independent character or simply likeable adventurers. He also starred in two films of Italian political cinema, playing positive roles as fighters against the mafia (the films “Brilliant Corpses” and “One Hundred Days in Palermo”). The actor played one of his best roles - a school teacher - in the domestic comedy "The Slap" by Claude Pinoto.

Shocked by his daughter's incurable illness, Lino Ventura founded the Snowdrop fund for disabled children in France.

During his life, the actor managed to star in 76 films.
Lino Ventura died on October 22, 1987 from a heart attack.

On October 22, 1987, the BBC reported that Russian poet and American citizen Joseph Brodsky had won the Nobel Prize in Literature, the fifth Russian laureate in history after Bunin, Pasternak, Sholokhov and Solzhenitsyn. The domestic press was silent, only Moscow News on November 4 mentioned in passing the awarding of the Brodsky Prize. A naive Spanish journalist working in Moscow rushed to interview the then editor of the Moscow magazine, author of the novels “Bread is a Noun” and “The Cherry Whirlpool” Mikhail Alekseev. “Have you heard that the Russian poet Brodsky received the Nobel Prize?” - she asked with delight. “Firstly, he’s not a poet, and secondly, he’s not Russian,” Alekseev coldly retorted.

Brodsky died in America, was buried on Michele Island in the Venetian lagoon and returned to Russia after his death with his works, another Nobel laureate Alexander Solzhenitsyn would say years later.

The history of the city begins in 1221, when at the confluence of the great Russian rivers - the Volga and Oka, Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich founded a stronghold for the defense of Russian borders from the Mordovians, Cheremis and Tatars. The name “Nizhny,” as historians suggest, was given to the city because of its location in the “Nizovsky” lands relative to Novgorod the Great. From the end of the 15th century, for many decades, Nizhny became a reliable stronghold of Moscow in the struggle for the great river route. At this time, a stone Kremlin was erected in the city, which became an outstanding structure of Russian fortification art. From the walls of this Kremlin in the winter of 1612, a militia led by Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky set out to fight the Polish-Lithuanian invaders.

With the capture of Kazan and then Astrakhan by Ivan the Terrible, Nizhny Novgorod became the center through which all trade of the Russian state with the east passed.

October 7, 1932, in connection with the 40th anniversary of the literary and social activities the main proletarian writer, Nizhny Novgorod was renamed Gorky by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Nizhny Novgorod residents perceived this decision very ambiguously. By the way, one of those who did not approve of the renaming was Gorky himself. In a letter to Fyodor Khitrovsky (Nizhny Novgorod journalist and local historian) on February 19, 1933 from Sorento, he wrote: “Today for the first time I wrote on an envelope instead of Nizhny Novgorod - Gorky. It's very awkward and unpleasant."

On October 22, 1990, the city was returned to its historical name. Today Nizhny Novgorod is one of 100 cities in the world that, according to UNESCO, represent world cultural value: here is the unique Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin with the St. Michael the Archangel Kremlin Cathedral - the oldest stone temple city (built to commemorate the victory of the people's militia led by Minin and Pozharsky in early XVII century). The ashes of Kozma Minin are buried in the cathedral. The city also preserves monastery complexes, rare in terms of historical and architectural features for Russia in the 17th-19th centuries.

Today Nizhny Novgorod is the fifth most populous city in the Russian Federation.

On October 22, 1987, the BBC reported that the Russian poet and American citizen Joseph Brodsky became the Nobel Prize laureate in literature, the fifth Russian laureate in history after Bunin, Pasternak, Sholokhov and Solzhenitsyn. The domestic press was silent, only “Moscow” on November 4 mentioned in passing the awarding of the Brodsky Prize. A naive Spanish journalist working in Moscow rushed to interview the then editor of the Moscow magazine, author of the novels “Bread is a Noun” and “The Cherry Whirlpool,” Mikhail Alekseev. “Have you heard that the Russian poet Brodsky received the Nobel Prize?” - she asked with delight. “Firstly, he’s not a poet, and secondly, he’s not Russian,” Alekseev coldly retorted.
Brodsky died in America, was buried on Michele Island in the Venetian lagoon and returned to Russia after his death with his works, another Nobel laureate Alexander Solzhenitsyn would say years later.

Late autumn time
I love the Tsarskoye Selo garden,
When it's quiet and half-dark
As if engulfed in slumber...
And the garden darkens like oak trees,
And under the stars from the darkness of the night,
Like a reflection of the glorious past,
A golden dome emerges...
Poem “Late in autumn...” Fedor Tyutchev wrote October 22, 149 years ago. It was published the following year, 1859, in the magazine “Russian Wealth”, and Leo Tolstoy marked it with a “K!” – beauty.

In the evening hour, over the peaceful steppe,
When the sunset shone over her,
Among the heavens, along the ethereal path,
The evening angel flew by.
The feeling of the eternal cycle of life in Bunin’s poems certainly continues the poetic tradition of Tyutchev.
Ivan Bunin was born on the same day in 1870. He became the first Russian writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated in prose the typical Russian character."

Needless to say, in the history of the Nobel Prizes, the literary nomination turned out to be the most controversial, and at times scandalous.
On the date of our review - October 22, 1964 - the philosopher, playwright and writer joined the ranks of the Nobel “refuseniks”. Upon learning that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, he stated that he “does not want to be turned into a public institution.” Sartre expressed concern that the fame of a Nobel laureate would only interfere with his radical political activities, which he was mainly engaged in in the last years of his life.

In 1990, Nizhny Novgorod was returned to its historical name.
The history of the city begins in 1221, when at the confluence of the great Russian rivers - the Volga and Oka, Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich founded a stronghold for the defense of Russian borders from the Mordovians, Cheremis and Tatars. The name “Nizhny,” as historians suggest, was given to the city because of its location in the “Nizovsky” lands relative to Novgorod the Great. From the end of the 15th century, for many decades, Nizhny became a reliable stronghold of Moscow in the struggle for the great river route. At this time, a stone Kremlin was erected in the city, which became an outstanding structure of Russian fortification art. From the walls of this Kremlin in the winter of 1612, a militia led by Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky set out to fight the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. With the capture of Kazan and then Astrakhan by Ivan the Terrible, Nizhny Novgorod became the center through which all trade of the Russian state with the east passed.
On October 7, 1932, in connection with the 40th anniversary of the literary and social activities of the main proletarian writer, Nizhny Novgorod was renamed Gorky by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Nizhny Novgorod residents perceived this decision very ambiguously. By the way, one of those who did not approve of the renaming was Gorky himself. In a letter to Fyodor Khitrovsky (Nizhny Novgorod journalist and local historian) on February 19, 1933 from Sorento, he wrote: “Today for the first time I wrote on an envelope instead of Nizhny Novgorod - Gorky. It's very awkward and unpleasant."
On October 22, 1990, the city was returned to its historical name. Today Nizhny Novgorod is one of 100 cities in the world that, according to UNESCO, represent world cultural value: here is the unique Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin with the St. Michael the Archangel Kremlin Cathedral - the oldest stone temple in the city (built to commemorate the victory of the people's militia led by Minin and Pozharsky in beginning of the 17th century). The ashes of Kozma Minin are buried in the cathedral. The city also preserves monastery complexes, rare in terms of historical and architectural features for Russia in the 17th-19th centuries.
Today Nizhny Novgorod is the fifth most populous city in the Russian Federation.

He died in 1891 Venerable Ambrose of Optina(in the world - Alexander Mikhailovich Grenkov), hieromonk, elder of the Optina Monastery in the Kaluga province.
Having received his education at the Tambov seminary, he entered a monastery, where he gained respect for his asceticism and humility. In 1860, Ambrose was elected elder of the desert. People turned to him for spiritual help and healing from physical illnesses. The writer Fyodor Dostoevsky, the philosopher Konstantin Leontiev, the historian Mikhail Pogodin came to Optina... Even Leo Tolstoy, who later became an enemy of Orthodoxy, after a conversation with the elder, said: “This Father Ambrose is a completely holy man, I talked with him, and somehow I felt at ease and joyfully on the soul. When you talk to such a person, you feel the closeness of God.”
A quarter of a century after the death of the elder, in 1917, the Optina Monastery was closed and returned to the Russian Orthodox Church only 70 years later, in 1987. And in June 1988, Ambrose of Optina was canonized by the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church.

In 1869, an artist was born into a large peasant family - a prominent representative of Russian impressionism, who created the famous series of “blooming Russian women” with elements of the Art Nouveau style.
In his youth, Malyavin was a novice of the Athos Monastery and worked in an icon-painting workshop. In the 90s of the 19th century he studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts with Ilya Repin. In 1900, he became a member of the World of Art association, and then the Union of Russian Artists, from which he was delegated to the Kremlin, where he drew Lenin and other party leaders from life. Sent in 1922 to organize a personal exhibition abroad, Malyavin never returned to his homeland: he first settled in Paris, then moved to Nice. Here he continued to write a series of “Russian women”, which enjoyed constant success, and based on his Kremlin drawings he created a series of evil caricatures.
According to Vasily Rozanov, his famous painting “Three Women” expresses Rus' of all centuries.
“...The most remarkable of the figures, however, is the one on the right,” noted Rozanov. “It was she who gave the red, fiery color to the whole picture... Nothing will crush this woman, but she will crush herself.” This woman is Batu. Everything that is rude and cruel in Rus', arrogant and arrogant, came from her. All “ruthless” Rus' came from her. Here is Arakcheev, here is the oprichnina of Grozny, and everything bad..."

On this day, the popular French actor, remembered by the audience for the films “Elevator to the Scaffold”, “The Sicilian Clan”, “The Seventh Target”, “Farewell to the Policeman”, passed away...
He was born in Parma, Italy. However, from the age of 8 he lived in France, which became his second homeland.
In his youth, Lino tried many professions, showing special abilities in boxing, but an accidental injury put an end to his sports career.
Cinema was Ventura's second passion. He made his debut in 1953 in Becker's film Don't Touch the Booty. The role of a “bad guy,” which quickly became established for the actor, unexpectedly acquired a comedic overtones in 1958 after the film “The Gorilla Welcomes You.” However, already in the early 60s it became clear that Ventura had remarkable dramatic talent. His role is expanding - the actor plays “reliable” men, often with a criminal past (remember the wonderful films of Robert Enrico “Lumberjacks” and “Adventurers”), and the gangsters in his performance acquire sympathetic human features. Lino Ventura contributed a lot to the popularity of the French police film, playing both bandits and police commissioners with an independent character or simply likeable adventurers. He also starred in two films of Italian political cinema, playing positive roles as fighters against the mafia (the films “Brilliant Corpses” and “One Hundred Days in Palermo”). The actor played one of his best roles - a school teacher - in the domestic comedy "The Slap" by Claude Pinoto.
Shocked by his daughter's incurable illness, Lino Ventura founded the Snowdrop fund for disabled children in France.
During his life, the actor managed to star in 76 films.