A2. The use of paronymous words. Update. The most complete dictionary of paronyms for the exam Paronyms dictionary for the exam

The paronym dictionary was created based on the paronym dictionary of the demo version of the KIMA Unified State Exam 2014. Since lexical meaning is added to paronyms, the dictionary can be used as teaching material for exam preparation.

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Dictionary of Paronyms.
A. 1.Subscription-1) a document certifying the right to use something, visit or purchase something for a certain period. 2) A library department that issues books at home. Subscriber - 1) someone who has the right to use something, usually having a subscription. 2. Addressee - 1) a person or organization that addresses a postal item to someone. Addressee - 1) the one to whom the postal item is addressed (letter, telegram, parcel, etc.)
B.
1. Bezoglyadny - Done without thought or reasoning. Beloved - Beautiful, sweet, dear, at whom or what the eyelid would look without taking its eyes off; I can’t get enough of it, I can’t stop admiring it. Infinite - One that cannot be looked at; vast. Unsightly - Having an unattractive appearance; nondescript. Impenetrable - So dark that nothing can be seen; impenetrable (to vision). 2. Grateful - Appreciative, sensitive; gracious, beneficial, winning. Grateful - Expressing gratitude, containing it.3. Weekday - Not a holiday, not a day off (about days). Everyday - Peculiar to everyday life, characteristic of them; everyday, ordinary. (trans.): unremarkable. 4. Former - Currently not holding any position or rank. Former director. Experienced - 1) One who has seen and experienced a lot. 2. Happened before; habitual.Former - 1.Past, past.2 Existing once; existing before, in the past.
IN 1. Inhalation - Each separate intake of air into the lungs, each individual inhalation. (Inhale: deep, first) Sigh - Intensified inhalation and exhalation (usually as an expression of some feeling). (Sigh: heavy, noisy, heartfelt) 2. Century - Living , existing, lasting for centuries, for a very long time. Eternal - Infinite in time, having neither beginning nor end. Independent of time, unchanging over time. Great - One who is extraordinarily brilliant. Possessing any qualities to the highest degree (about a person). 4. Outstanding in its significance, influence, in its merits. Majestic - Filled with solemn beauty, grandeur. Having an impressive appearance: tall stature, proud posture, etc. (about a human). 3. Upper - Lying, standing on top, above other objects. Supreme - Highest, main. Commander-in-ChiefHorse - The one who rides a horse. Someone who works at heights. Usually living above the ground.
4. Replenish - compensate, cover, compensate. Supplement - increase, raise, raise, expand. Replenish - make more complete, increase. Fill - clog, clutter, occupy entirely, fill. 5. Memory - Mental reproduction of something. past, preserved in memory. Reminder - A warning sign, a harbinger of something. Mention - A remark, words relating to someone, something.6. Impressive – receptive, sensitive; sensitive. Impressive - inspiring, stunning, startling, stunning 7. Shake - Holding in hand, shake or make it swing. Shake out - drop, throw out, shake out, throw away Shake off - throw off, shake off, shake off Shake off - throw off, shake off, free yourself (from some kind of heavy, unpleasant state. 8. Choice - election, selection, selection, sorting. Selection - highlighting someone or something from any environment. Selection is an action according to the meaning of the verb: to select, to select.
14. To wait - to hesitate, not to take active actions. To wait - to anticipate something, to guess about a possible future event. To wait - to spend time, to be waiting for someone, something. To wait is to have a feeling towards something that is about to happen; prepare yourself for this upcoming event.15. Payment - issue a fee, pay in full. Payment - transfer, deposit of money, reward for something. Payment - monetary compensation for something. Payment - payment, monetary compensation for something. 16. Pay - pay for something. Pay - pay for something, in compensation for something. Pay - pay for something. Pay - do something in response to someone’s action. Pay - give, pay for something; pay.
G.
1. Clay - containing clay, consisting of clay. Clay - made, made from clay. 2.Annual - continuing, lasting for a year.Annual - at the age of one year.Annual - pertaining to a whole year; resulting by the end of the year, as a result of the year. 3. Proud - Important, full of consciousness of one’s value, superiority. Proud - Having a sense of self-worth. Considering himself better than others.
D.
1. Binary - Based on counting in twos. Dual - Manifesting in two forms; double.2. Double - Consisting of two objects or parts. Dual - Containing two different qualities, often contradicting each other; controversial.3. Effective - Able to actively act, influence something. Actual - Existing or actually existed; real. 4. Busy - Intelligent, skillful and enterprising in work; businesslike. Business - Related to business, work, service. 5. Diplomatic - Related to diplomacy and diplomats. Diplomatic - Dexterous, skillfully and subtly acting; subtly calculated.6.Disciplinary - maintains discipline Disciplined - obeying discipline maintains order 7. Kind - benign, durable Kind - bringing goodness, kindness, well-being 8. Trusting - showing complete trust Trusting - naive, simple-minded 9. Rain - associated with rain Rainy - rainy day, year
AND.
1.Cruel - harsh, rough, mercilessHard - hard, dense.2.Life-giving - active, full of vital energy.Living - active, full of vital energy. Tenacious - Viable, hardy. (Living plant.) Animal - Relating to living beings, animals. 3.Life - 1. look at life. 2. Close to life, to reality, real (Female image.) 3. Important for life, socially necessary. Everyday - Ordinary, characteristic of everyday life.
Z.
1. Fence - Put up a fence, fence, enclose. Fence - Enclose with a fence. Fence the area. To fence off someone, something. Separate by putting up a fence or partition. Partition - Divide with a partition (1 value), something blocking. Block off the veranda. Partition the room with a closet. 2. Understate - Make it lower than normal, necessary (about the norm, price, clothing); make it lower than necessary. Reduce - Lower down, reduce the altitude (for example, flight). Demote - Transfer to a lower, less responsible position. 3. Pay - (trans.) Commit, do something. in response to smb. action; repay.Pay - Make a payment for something.4.Fill - Enter the necessary information into something. Fill - Make full, busy, saturated with someone or something. Overfill - Fill beyond measure.
5. Difficult – difficult to produce; carried out. Difficult – causing difficulties; difficult; heavy.6.Initiator - The one who starts a significant business; founder. Initiator - the one who starts something. 7. Sound - characteristic of sound, characteristic of it; accompanied by sound. Sonorous - sonorous, loud, clear sounding. 8. Malicious - filled with malice; bringing evil; leading to death. Ominous - foreshadowing misfortune; serving as a bad omen. Angry - Filled with a feeling of enmity, ill will. Malicious - filled with anger, malice.
AND.
1. Sparkling – foaming; effervescent. Playful - loving to play, frolic, play pranks. Gambling - characteristic of play, intended for play. Gaming - intended for play. 2. Skillful - knowing his business well. Artificial - created by human hands. 3. Initial - initial, starting. Outgoing - document, paper sent from the institution.
TO.
1. Stony - abundant in stone, covered with stone. Stony - 1. Consisting of stone, made of stone or brick. 2. (translated) motionless, frozen, lifeless. 3. (trans.) Ruthless, cruel. 4. An integral part of botanical, zoological and mineralogical names.2. Comfortable - characterized by comfort, comfortable, cozy. Comfortable - the most favorable for the normal functioning of the body and human well-being, delivering pleasant sensations. (life, conditions, environment, condition.) 3. Equestrian - 1. Associated with horses. 2. Operating with the help of horses. 3. Consisting of cavalry, cavalry. Horse - Belonging to, relating to, equine. 4. Root - Initial, primordial, permanent, basic. Stocky - 1. Having strong roots, a thick, low trunk or stem (about plants). 2. (translated) Short, broad-shouldered, strongly built (about a person). Root - 1. Relating to the root of a plant. 2. Representing a root, consisting of a root, roots (lingual). 5. Colorful - distinguished by bright colors. Painted - 1. Subjected to color, covered with paint. 2. (colloquial) Having a painted face and dyed hair.
M.
1. Oiled - Lubricated, soaked in oil; stained with oil. Figurative - Flattering, ingratiating. Oily - Containing fats used to make oils (about plants). Oily - Consisting of oil; related to oil (oil stain; oil fumes). Maslenichny - An ancient Slavic holiday of farewell to winter, during which pancakes are baked and entertainment is held.
N.
1.Put - something on someone or something. Put on - something on yourself.2. Availability - Existence, presence. Availability - The amount of something at a given time. 3. Print - 1. Reproduce by imprinting from a printing set. 2.Place in a printed publication; publish. Print - Make an imprint of something. 4. Direct - direct, guide, instruct. Send - send, send, send out. 5. Ignorant - A person who does not know decency, a rude, discourteous person. Ignorant - A person ignorant of some area.6. Innocent - Harmless, not undeserving of blame. Innocent - One who does not have any kind of thing behind him. guilt, not involved in the crime. 7. Vast - The same as boundless. Impenetrable - 1. So dark that nothing can be seen; impenetrable (to vision). 2. transfer Joyless, desolate. Unsightly - Unattractive in appearance; unattractive.8.Intolerable - One that cannot be tolerated; intolerable. Impatient - One who does not have patience experiences impatience. Intolerant - Not taking into account other people's opinions; characterized by intolerance.
ABOUT.
1. Snippet –1. That which is torn off from something; torn piece. 2. transfer A thought or statement taken out of the general connection. Excerpt - A small part of any recording, literary or musical work. 2.Hug - To hug someone. or something hands. Envelop - Surround, encircle, positioning yourself around. 3. Protect - protect from troubles, from danger. Enclose - surround, enclose with a hedge, fence, separating something from the surrounding. Fence off - 1) to separate by putting up a partition, fence or some other barrier. 2) deprive of communication with someone or something. 4. Restriction is the result of such an action; a rule or regulation that limits someone's rights or actions. Limitation – 1) insignificance, inability to go beyond any limit, any framework. 2) narrow-mindedness, worldview, inability to think broadly. Limit - put within some boundaries or framework; restrict with any conditions. To delimit - to separate by making a distinction between something. Delimit – 1) defining, setting boundaries. 2) defining, isolating, separating from each other.
5.Single - consisting of one, not double. Lonely – located, staying somewhere without others, separately from others. Solitary – 1) Acting alone, without the help of others. 2) Intended for one, designed for one. 3) Separated from others, isolated, closed. 6. Call out - action according to the meaning of Ch. call out, call out; exclamation, word(s) used to call out. Response – 1) Answer to a call. 2) Responsive, sympathetic attitude, expression of solidarity. 7. Cautious - acting with fear, with fearful caution. Dangerous - capable of causing harm, threatening disaster.
8. Selecting - Taking away, forcing something to be given away. Choosing - Selecting, singling out from the total mass.9. Selective - Selected from among others as the best; good, excellent in quality. Selective - Serving for selection. 10. Deviation - Discrepancy with something, deviation from the typical, usual. Evade - Action according to the verb. Evade. Avoid answering. 11. Deviate - Say goodbye, leaving somewhere. Avoid - Move away, deviate, move aside. 12. Distinguish - Recognize, establish the difference between someone or something. Distinguish - make out, recognize 13. Difference - Sign, creating a difference between a given item and others. Difference - A difference, dissimilarity between someone or something. 14. Shake off - Shake off the dust from clothes Shake off - Shake off the crumbs from the tablecloth. Shake off your numbness.
P.
1. Memorable - Having a good memory Memorable - Kept in memory, unforgettable 2. To endure - To endure a lot To endure - To undergo processing, change 3. Transitional - Intermediate, which is a transition from one state to another Transitional - About production and sports awards: transferred to the new winner in competitions, competitions Transient - Temporary, short-lived. A passing phenomenon4.Sandy - About butter dough and products made from it: dry and crumbly.Sandy - Consisting of sand, carrying sand, covered with sand.5.Weeping - prone to crying, often crying Weeping - Lowered down, hanging (about the branches of such trees) .Deplorable - containing lamentation, accompanied by crying.6.Selection - That which is selected, a collection of somethingSelection - That from which one can choose; assortment.7.Fake - action according to the meaning of Ch. to counterfeit, to counterfeit. A craft is an item made by hand. A trick is an action, an act of a reprehensible or playful, playful nature.
8. Similar - Such as the one we were talking about. Appropriate - Befitting someone, something, corresponding to someone’s position, dignity. 9. Fit - To fit, fit. Place - Distribute, place, arrange in places Fit - fit within certain limits. 10. Local - Relating to the ownership and use of land on the basis of feudal rights. Landowner - Correlating in meaning with the noun: landowner, associated with him. Belonging to a landowner.11.Replenish - Increase by adding something new to something existing. Fill in - enter the necessary information into something. 12. Grow old - Become old, older. Obsolete - Do not meet modern requirements and demands. Going out of use, out of fashion. 13. Action - An intentional action of a person. Misdemeanor - An action that violates some norms, rules of behavior.
14. Venerable - inspiring respect, deserving of it. Honorific - Related in meaning to a noun: honor associated with it. Containing respect. 15. Festive - Elegant, beautiful; not everyday. Designed for celebration. Idle - Not busy with anything; empty, empty. Not filled with affairs, work; idle. 16. Practical - Correlating in meaning with the noun: practice. Practical - Experienced, well versed in life's affairs; businesslike. Easily applied in practice; economical, convenient. 17. Provide - Place at disposal, use. Present - Give, hand over for review, information or official consideration, conclusion. 18. Representative - Correlative in meaning. with noun: representation, representative. Representative - representative.
19. Representation - A specific image of an object or phenomenon, which is not directly perceived at the moment, but is only reproduced in consciousness. Provision - To give some right, opportunity. 20. Recognized - Enjoying general recognition, known. Appreciative - Experiencer, expressing gratitude .21.Belittle - put in a humiliating position. Humiliate - insult someone's dignity, pride.22.Problematic - unlikely, doubtful.Problematic - Containing a problem.23.Industrial (production relations) - relations between people in the process of social production , exchange, distribution and consumption of material goods, based on one form of ownership or another. Productive - Giving obvious results, fruitful, productive. 24. Prophesy - foretell, predict. Prophesy - Predict, predetermine
R.
1. Fisherman - one who engages in fishing. Fisherman - a specialist in fishing. Fisherman - related to fishing. Fisherman - related to fishing.
WITH.
1. Vocabulary - a collection of words, set expressions with explanations. Verbal - expressed in the spoken word, in words, oral. 2. Resistance - active opposition to a person performing his duties. Resistance - the ability to resist, the degree of resistance. 3. Comparable - A word or expression containing the likening of one object to another. Comparative - Based on comparison, on establishing relationships between different phenomena through juxtaposition. 4. Ancient - Created, arose in ancient times and has survived to this day. Old - One who has lived many years and achieved old age.5.Glass - Consisting or made of glass; glazed. Glass - Relating to the manufacture of glass and products from it. 6. Nourishing - Nutritious, well-satisfying, high in calories. Well-fed - Having completely satisfied your hunger (literally and figuratively).
U.
1. Lucky - Someone who succeeds in everything, who always has luck. Lucky - Ended in success, successful. 2. Mention - Mention of someone's name. Reminder - An address that reminds of something. 3. Obsolete - Stop being modern, relevant.Grow old - Become old.Grow old - look older.
C.
1. Royal - 1. Related to the king, belonging to him. 2. Relating to the political regime of a monarchy headed by a king. Royal - Distinguished by majesty, significance in scope. Reigning - associated with the king, with reign (obsolete). 2. Holistic - the internal unity of an object, its relative autonomy, independence from the environment. Whole - All without exception, complete. Whole - From one substance, from one piece, monolithic. 3. Central - Located, located in the center. Centralized - Concentrated in a single center. Based on subordination to a single center. Centrist - Characteristic of centrism, characteristic of it.
E.
1.Effective - Leading to the desired results; effective.Effective - Making a strong impression, effect.2.Effectiveness - to impress with effectiveness.Effectiveness - i.e. effective. I.1.Linguistic - belonging to the language. Linguistic - formed with the participation of the tongue. Linguistic consonants.

Paronyms dictionary for the Unified State Exam 2019 with explanations and examples in the table for correct use and accurate interpretation. A simple cheat sheet for quickly repeating the meanings of words that sound similar. Not long ago, FIPI introduced paronyms into the list of tasks for the unified state exam - words that have a similar sound, but are spelled differently and lexically explained.

The topic is very relevant for future applicants, since a significant number of young people have extremely poor speech culture.

So, a table of examples of paronyms with meanings and how they differ from each other:

(a person who has eaten enough).	(bread that fills you up quickly).
(dugout, which is not visible on the ground)	Secretive (person who doesn't say anything)
Coloring (the man who paints the fence)	Painted (the fence itself)
Seconded (a military man who was sent to his duty station)	Business trip (a specialist who was sent on a business trip to work)
Stocky (Strong little man)	Root (Type of planting material)
Pay (By bill of exchange)	Pay
(understand the material)	(new deposit)
(lottery ticket)	Lucky (person who wins)
Humiliated (a person who has been humiliated)	Humiliating (an act that was humiliated)
(outburst from several people)	Unit
(rude boor)	(uneducated)
Intolerable (obnoxious)	Intolerant (intolerant)
Availability (money)
(pants, clothes)	(finger ring)
Humanism (show compassion, humanity)	Humanity (human quality)
Clay	Clayey (stream bank)
Pride (Positive feeling for the Motherland)	(Dobrynya’s brother. Negative feeling of arrogance).
Warranty (case when purchasing a product under warranty)	Guaranteed (income, progress, i.e. what will be mandatory)
	Greek (That is, from Greece)
Heroic (capacity for feat)	Heroic (perfect action).
(default)	Civilian (that is, owned by the company)
Sound (related to equipment, musical instruments)
Visual (pertaining to vision, e.g. nerve)	Spectator (named relation to the audience, for example, a hall or a prize)
Animal (tamer, forest, hole)	Brutal (evil, inhuman).
Instigator	Starter (founder, founder).
Actual (real)	Factual (valid)
(recipient)	Addressee (sender)
Oilseed (olive)	Oil (paint, bold)

Even educated people have difficulty deciphering paronyms. It is best to look for an explanation starting from the root. You can also inflect the word to create the desired image and remember phrases.

Example: Artistic and Artistic.

For example, “artistic” - associations immediately with what is related to theatrical abilities. Examples: artistic ability, artistic humor. The synonym word “Artistic”, that is, related directly to the artists themselves. For example, an artistic career, a movement, a community.

Many of the explanations for paronyms are similar, but some words have fundamentally different meanings. For example, “tactical” – related to military tactics. And “tactful”, that is, very soft and careful in communication. It’s better to work with this list so that there are no problems in the tests - it will be a shame if the task for such nonsense is not completed.

To make it easier to study paronyms in the dictionary for the Unified State Exam 2019 with explanations, you should read more books to expand your vocabulary.

The first thing you should do in preparation for the Unified State Exam 2019 is to study the dictionary of paronyms with meanings from FIPI. This is a list of paronyms used in preparation for

To quickly search, click Ctrl+F.

Subscription

Subscriber

Subscription– the right to use something (or a document granting this right) for a certain period: a subscription to the pool.

Subscriber– a person or institution that has a subscription: a telephone network subscriber.

Destination– the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient).

Addressee– the person or organization sending the postal item (sender).

Artistic– relating to the artist; intended for the artist; characteristic of an artist, an artist, characteristic of him.

Artistic- distinguished by artistry, artistic taste.

Poor– having very meager income, poor or indigent; having a lack of something, meager; unhappy, arousing compassion, pity.

Disastrous- full of disasters and hardships.

Meek– not receiving, not giving an answer, response to something; unable to object, contradict, very meek.

Irresponsible– not bearing or not recognizing responsibility.

Marshy– abounding in swamps, swampy; swampy, like a swamp.
Bolotny– related to the swamp, characteristic of it; intended for work in a swamp, movement through a swamp, etc.; living, growing in a swamp.

Grateful- feeling or experiencing gratitude.

Thanksgiving– containing, containing gratitude, appreciation: letter of thanks, telegram.

Charitable– aimed at providing material assistance to those in need.

Beneficial- useful, having a good effect.

Experienced- seen and experienced a lot.
Former– currently not holding any position.

Former- past, past.

Reckless- done without thought or consideration.
Beloved- beloved, dear.

Reckless– huge, boundless, boundless.

Inhale– each individual intake of air into the lungs, each individual inhalation: a deep breath.
Sigh- increased inhalation and exhalation: a sigh escaped.

Century-old– living, existing for centuries, for a very long time, unchanging, permanent: centuries-old oaks, centuries-old forest; centuries-old traditions, customs;

Eternal- infinite in time, having neither beginning nor end, not ceasing to exist, indefinite, not having a deadline. - eternal human values,
eternal problems.

Great- surpassing any level, outstanding. Great composer, great musician.

Majestic- full of grandeur, solemn beauty, large in size. A majestic building, a majestic monument.

Replenish– reimburse.

Add- add new data to what others have said, make it more complete by adding to something.

Top up- to increase by adding something new to something existing

Hostile- full of hostility, hatred.

Hostile- relating to the enemy, enemy, adversary.

Benefit– benefit, advantage.

Profitability– availability of benefits; positivity that leaves a good impression.

Issue– issued money, goods.

Recoil– the same as efficiency, benefit.

Broadcast- something conveyed to someone; transfer process.

Giveaway- to give something to many.

Pay- giving money to compensate for something.

Payment- payment, money paid for something. Payment is a monetary reward, compensation for something.

Payment– compensation: payment of tax

Pay out- issue payment, pay in full.

Pay- to give something in return, to repay.

Pay- pay for something. To repay is to commit, do something in response to someone’s action.

Pay– the same as paying

Grow- when caring, to ensure the growth, development of someone or something, to nurture.

Increase– promote the growth of something, lengthen; grow in any quantity; accumulate.

Grow– provide the opportunity to achieve any size or height in growth.

High– large in extent or far located in the direction from bottom to top; exceeding the average level, average norm, significant; outstanding in importance, honorable, important; sublime in content, very significant, solemn, not ordinary; very good quality, excellent; about sounds: thin, sonorous, caused by high-frequency vibrations.
High-rise– extending beyond a known limit; caused by high altitude; produced or used at high altitude (aircraft); about architectural structures: very tall, multi-story.

Warranty– adjective to the noun guarantee. Containing a guarantee, serving as a guarantee.

Guaranteed– participle of the verb to guarantee. Secured.

Harmonic– related to harmony; based on the principles of harmony.
Harmonious– containing elements of harmony; possessing coherence, coherence, mutual correspondence of different qualities of objects, phenomena, parts of the whole

Clay- made of clay. Clay pot.

Clayey– containing clay. Clay soil.

one year old– at the age of one year; lain, lasted a year.

Annual– relating to the whole year; resulting by the end of the year, in total for the year; calculated for a year. Annual - for a period of one year, one-year.

Pride– self-esteem, self-respect, feeling of satisfaction from success; an excessively high opinion of oneself.

Pride- excessive pride.

Humanism- progressive movement of the Renaissance; attitude towards people, imbued with love for man and concern for his well-being.

Humanity– a property based on the meaning of the adjective humane.

Humanistic– adjective to the nouns humanism and humanist.
Humanitarian– addressed to the human person, to human rights and interests; relating to the social sciences that study man and his culture.

Humane– humane, philanthropic, imbued with love for people, respect for the individual.

Binary– based on counting in twos (pairs): binary system.

Double– twice as large: double portion; double care; consisting of two pieces, parts: double lining; double bottom.

Dual– leaning both in one and the other direction; contradictory: ambivalent attitude, opinion, feeling, behavior.

Double– having two types, two forms, two meanings.

Twin- something made double.

Doubled– enlarged, doubled in strength.

Effective– capable of influencing, active: effective assistance.

Valid– real, authentic; valid: travel card, real life.

Active- one who performs actions, is in action.

Businesslike– smart, serious, enterprising: businesslike worker; businesslike look; businesslike gait.

Business– related to official activities, work: business conversation, meeting.

Efficient– capable of serious work: efficient worker; serious, worthy of attention: a worthwhile project.

Businesslike- which is based on narrow practicality, losing sight of the social side of the matter.

Democratic– containing elements of democracy, democratism, simple, relating to the people.

Democratic– based on the principles of democracy, implementing democracy, reflecting it, belonging to it. (Used in phrases of a terminological nature)

Dictation– written work consisting of recording dictated text.
Diktat- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one, strong party and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by the other, weak party.

Diploma holder– a person awarded a diploma for successful performance at a competition, festival, etc.; student preparing his final thesis.
Diplomat– An official engaged in diplomatic activities, work in the field of foreign relations; about a person acting subtly and skillfully.

Diplomatic– relating to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post).

Diplomatic– subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).

Long– having a large length, extension; longer than necessary; about the person: tall; slowly dragging on.

Long- long-term.

Solid- good quality, durable: good product, suit, house;

Kind– doing good, bringing good, close, noble: good person, character.

Trustee– showing trust in someone or something: confidential tone, voice, gesture, look.

Confiding– easy to trust; based on trust: trusting child, animal, disposition.

Rain– associated with rain, caused by rain, bringing rain; designed to protect against rain.

Rainy- abundant with rain. Rainy season, year.

Dramatic– relating to drama; about the singer’s voice: strong, somewhat harsh in timbre, in contrast to the lyrical one.

Dramatic– containing elements of drama, tension, expressing strong, deep experiences and feelings; calculated for effect, pompous.

Friendly- relating to a friend, belonging to, characteristic of him, characterizing the relationship of friends.

Friendly– mutually benevolent, based on friendliness, expressing affection (mainly about states, peoples and relations between them).

Friendly- bound by friendship, mutual agreement, occurring simultaneously, in concert.

Unit- only one, only one; separate, separate, individual.

The only one- only one, such, besides which there is no other; exceptional. One - common, identical, one for all, possessing internal unity.

Desired– very expected, constituting an object of desire; dear, dear.
Desirable– needed for something, corresponding to someone’s desires, interests, expectations.

Hard– hard, rough (about an object): hard fabric; strict, unconditional: rigidity of measures, character, game; harshness in the voice.

Cruel- ruthless, merciless; prone to cruelty.

Vital– related to life: living conditions, contradictions; life experience, process, path; close to life, to reality: life image, story; important for life, socially necessary: ​​a vital question.

Everyday- ordinary, characteristic of everyday life: everyday chores, everyday life, little things.

Housing– adjective to the noun dwelling.

Residential- intended for housing.

Block out- put up a fence, fence, screen, close.

Fence- surround with a fence.

Fence- protect, protect.

Fence off- separate by putting up a fence or partition.

Block off- separate with a partition or something blocking it.

Understate- make it lower than normal, necessary, make it lower than necessary.

Downgrade– make it lower; transfer to a lower, less responsible position.

Reduce– make it low, lower it lower, lower the height.

Pay– 1) to give payment for something, 2) to repay (reply). Examples of use: pay for purchases, for work, for services, for a ticket, for travel; to pay with good for good (note: after the word pay, a noun or pronoun is used in V. p. with the preposition for).

Pay out- to give payment for something. Examples of use: pay a salary, pay interest on a debt, pay off a mortgage.

Pay back– to do something in response to someone’s action, to take revenge. Examples of use: repay with ingratitude, repay evil for good, repay for hospitality, repay with care and care.

Pay- to give payment for something. Examples of use: pay expenses, pay a bill, pay for services.

Fill- take over entirely; enter the necessary information into something.
Fill- make full, busy, saturated with something.

Overfill- fill beyond measure.

Starter- the one who conceives something, lays the foundation for something.

Instigator- the one who incites to start, starts something unseemly.

Animal– adjective to the noun beast; inherent in the beast, characteristic of the beast; cruel, ferocious; overly strong.

Brutal- characteristic of a beast, bestial; cruel, ferocious, wild; very strong, extraordinary.

Sound- perceived by the ear, consisting of sounds.

Sonorous– making loud, clear sounds.

Visual– related to vision; intended for spectators; one with the help of which something is considered.

Spectator- relating to the viewer, characteristic of him.

Inventive- resourceful, quick to come up with ideas, capable of inventing.
Inventive- relating to invention, to the inventor.

Informative– information-carrying, information-rich.
Informational– relating to information.

Information– informing; communication about the state of affairs, events; information about the surrounding world and the processes occurring in it, perceived by humans or special devices.

Awareness– awareness, degree of knowledge of information.

Ironic– relating to irony as a stylistic device.

Ironic– containing elements of irony, used for the purpose of ridicule.

Skillful- skillful, knowledgeable about his job; skillfully, well executed.

Artificial- not natural, unnatural, made like the real thing, natural, unnatural.

Executive– having as its task the execution of decisions, regulations, practically managing something; diligent, accurately and well fulfilling duties and assignments.

Performing– relating to the performer, to the performance of any artistic (musical, literary, dramatic) work.

Original– initial, starting.

Outgoing- sent from the institution.

Rocky– abundant in stone: soil.

Stone- made of stone.

Comfortable– providing convenience, peace of mind,

Comfortable– meets all comfort requirements.

Equestrian– associated with horses; operating with the help of horses.

Horse- belonging to a horse, relating to it, equine.

Stocky– body type (short, strong, muscular).

Root– original, primordial, permanent, basic; concerning the very foundations, the roots of something, decisive, the most important; main, central, core.

Root– relating to the root of a plant; representing a root, consisting of a root, roots.

Bone– adjective to the noun bone; extracted from bones.
Bone– made from bone, obtained from animal bones.

Colorful– bright, juicy. Painting – participle of the verb to paint; containing paint, used for coloring.

Painted– treated with paint.

Varnished– varnished; polished, outwardly shiny, smooth.
Varnish– adjective to the noun varnish; varnished (made of leather, wood, papier-mâché or metal coated with varnish).

Ice– consisting of ice, icy; located, located on ice; occurring in the ice.

Ice– adjective to the noun ice; consisting of ice, covered with ice; very cold (cold as ice); extremely restrained, contemptuously cold, destructive.

Wooded- abundantly overgrown with forest.

Forest– adjective to the noun forest; located in the forest, living, growing in the forest; covered with forests; related to forestry.

Personal- relating to the individual.

Private– belonging to a specific person; belonging to a person; affecting the interests of any person.

Microscopic– produced using a microscope; distinguishable, visible only through a microscope.

Microscopic– very insignificant in size, size, volume.

Frozen- subjected to freezing.

Freezer– intended for freezing.

Frosty– relating to frost as a natural phenomenon.

Put on– cover the body with clothes (i.e. put it on oneself): put on a coat, a hat; with the preposition “on” to put on oneself and someone else: put a backpack on the back,
furniture covers are put on.

Dress- to cover someone with clothes: to dress a child.

Availability– presence, existence: to be present.

Availability- the amount of something at a given time; money available.

Reminder- words with the purpose of reminding.

Mention- words concerning someone, said not specifically, but casually.

Ignorant- a rude, ill-mannered person.

Ignorant- a poorly educated, ignorant person.

Intolerable- one that cannot be tolerated (unbearable cold).
Intolerant- one that cannot be tolerated: an intolerant situation, behavior; lacking tolerance, not taking into account other people's opinions: intolerant person; intolerant of other people's success.

Impatient- having no patience while waiting for someone or something

Unsuccessful– accompanied, ending in failure; unsatisfactory, not what it should be.

Unfortunate- haunted by failures.

Accused- one who is found guilty.

Accusatory- containing an accusation, expressing condemnation.

Scrap- a torn, torn piece, separate, incoherent, scattered parts of something.

Excerpt- a part isolated from a work, from a narrative.

Grasp- enclosing between outstretched arms, fingers, paws, etc., press something tightly to yourself: the mother hugged the child; the wrestler grabbed his opponent.

Cover– surround, squeeze; enclose, embrace, envelop: (envelop) the neck.

Limit- to put it in some framework, boundaries, to define it with some conditions.

Delimit- having differentiated, separate.

Delimit– divide, indicating boundaries; accurately determine by separating one from the other.

Hail- an exclamation used to call out, i.e. shouting, stopping or calling.

Response- response to a call, appeal; reflection, trace, relic of something.

Organic– organism; characterized by life processes, alive; formed as a result of the decomposition of animal and plant organisms.
Organic– conditioned by the very essence of something, organically inherent in someone or something.

Qualifying– serving to select someone or something: qualifying match, tournament; selection committee.

Selected– selected, best in quality: selected goods, flax, coal; indecent: choice abuse, swearing.

Deviation– rejection, refusal of something, abnormality, strangeness in behavior.

Evasion- moving to the side to avoid something; departure from the direct direction.

Distinguish- to establish a difference, a boundary between something; stand out from others.

Distinguish- to recognize, to distinguish between something or something.

Difference- a sign that creates a difference between something or someone.

Difference- difference, dissimilarity between someone or something.

Retentive– having a good memory: a memorable person, a student.

Memorable– preserved in memory, unforgettable: memorable date, meeting, trip; memorable year; serving for memorization; reminders, memorial book, memorial badge.

Endure it- endure a lot; enduring, overcome.

Endure– endure a lot (hardships); undergo processing and change.

Purchasing– relating to the ability to buy.

Buyer– relating to the buyer, belonging to him.

Popular– understandable, accessible, uncomplicated in presentation; enjoying wide fame and public sympathy.

Populist– appealing to the broad masses and promising them a quick and easy solution to pressing social problems.

Venerable- inspiring respect, deserving it; big, significant.

Respectful– treating someone with respect, expressing respect.

Practical– related to the field of practice; needed for practice; imparting skills; related to the area of ​​real needs.

Practical– experienced, well versed in life’s affairs; convenient, practical, profitable, economical.

Provide– give at disposal, use, provide an apartment, loan, credit, freedom, speech, opportunity; give the right, the opportunity to do: provide a solution to a case, conduct a dispute, determine a price.

Introduce– deliver, present, report: present a report, project; introduce: introduce the guest, lecturer; nominate, propose: nominate for an award, for an order, for a title, for a prize; also: cause, create: this is not difficult.

Representative– making a favorable impression (presentable appearance), authoritative; awe-inspiring, important, imposing.

Executive– elective (representative body) related to representation, representative (representation expenses).

Recognized– enjoying general recognition.

Grateful- experiencing, expressing gratitude.

Productive– bringing positive results, creating some value in the labor process, productive, fruitful.

Grocery– intended for food products, associated with trade or storage of products.

Productive– bringing obvious results, creating some value, productive.

Industrial– related to production; engaged in production, involved in production.
Performance– an indicator of production efficiency, characterizing production output per unit of resources used, factors of production; the quotient of dividing the volume of production by the amount of resources spent on a given volume of production.

Educational– serving for enlightenment, disseminating enlightenment.

Educational- related to enlightenment, enlightenment, characteristic of them.

Journalistic– relating to journalism, to a publicist.
Journalistic– touching on topical socio-political issues.

Shy- fearful, frightened; expressing fearfulness.

Scared– someone who has often been frightened or who is very frightened.

Irritation– a state of excitement, agitation, a feeling of acute dissatisfaction, annoyance, a cell’s reaction to external influences.
Irritability– personality property.

Rhythmic- related to rhythm, subordinate to it.

Rhythmic- repeating something at regular intervals.

Romantic– relating to romanticism as a movement in literature and art and as an artistic method; characteristic of romance; full of romance; emotionally elevated, attractive with its mystery.

Romantic– containing elements of romanticism, mystery, dreaminess.

Secretive– not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank.

Hidden- secret, not revealed explicitly.

Vocabulary– consisting of words; related to the dictionary.

Verbal– oral.

Resistance- resistance to pressure, attack, influence.

Resistance- ability to resist, degree of resistance.

Neighboring– located near, next to something, in the neighborhood.
Neighboring- relating to a neighbor, belonging to him.

Comparable- one that can be compared.

Comparative– establishing similarities or differences, comparative; carried out on the basis of comparison.

Stage– relating to the scene; associated with theatre, theatrical art, theatrical activities.

scenic– suitable for the stage, for a theatrical performance, having the properties necessary for the stage.

Technical– relating to technology, associated with it, with its scientific development; used in industry; related to the maintenance of equipment of any production; acting only on the instructions of the manager, not responsible.

Technical– possessing skill and high technology; performed with great skill, skill (in sports, art).

Lucky- happy; the one who is lucky (lucky explorer).
Successful– successful (lucky day).

Humiliated- the one who was humiliated; expressing humiliation, indicating humiliation.

Humiliating- offensive to someone's dignity or self-esteem.

Actual– valid, corresponding to the facts; real.
Factual– corresponds to reality, facts, requirements of accuracy.

Predatory- characteristic of a predator, predatory.; mismanaged, unplanned, pursuing the goals of immediate gain and enrichment.

Predatory– about animals: eating animals; greedy, full of desire to take possession of someone, to capture something, and also expressing such a desire; like that of a predator.

Tsarsky- relating to the king, luxurious, rich, belonging to him; relating to the political regime of a monarchy headed by a king.

Regal- characterized by majesty, significance in scope.

Reigning- performing the duties of a king; the same as reigning (high) superior, superior to everyone in some respect.

Whole- all without exception, full: a whole piece, a glass; significant, large: a whole heap of papers; a whole range of questions; unharmed: all things are intact.

Whole– from one substance, piece, solid: solid slab; solid granite.

Holistic– having internal unity: theory.

Economic- related to economics, economic.
Economical– giving the opportunity to save something, profitable.
Economical– one who spends something thriftily, who observes economy; requiring moderate costs, promoting savings, modest in expenses.

Aesthetic– related to aesthetics (the science of beauty in art and life, about the general laws of artistic creativity); associated with the creation and perception of beauty.

Aesthetic- beautiful, graceful; containing elements of aestheticism.

Ethical– related to ethics (a science whose object of study is morality); meeting moral requirements.

Ethical– acceptable from the point of view of ethical requirements (standards of behavior).

Effective- giving an effect, effective.

Spectacular- producing an effect, impressive. effective method, effective solution, spectacular costumes.

Efficiency- efficiency, effectiveness.

Effectiveness– catchiness, the ability to make an impression.

Solve with the answers.

Subscriber – subscription

Subscriber- subscriber, subscription holder, user of services. Examples of use: subscriber of the Moscow telephone network, complaints from subscribers, subscriber response.

Subscription- the right to use something, as well as a document confirming this right. Examples of use: interlibrary loan; subscription to the pool, museum, conservatory; concert subscription.

Addressee - addressee

Addressee- the one who addresses the postal item: letter, telegram. Examples of use: the addressee is unknown, the name of the addressee is indicated at the top left, the addressee is the sender.

Destination- the one who receives the postal item. Examples of use: the addressee is the recipient, the addressee has left, the place of the addressee’s signature on the receipt.

Unsightly - unsightly - unsightly - unsightly - unsightly

Reckless- 1) boundless (obsolete), 2) done without looking back. Examples of use: reckless courage, reckless extravagance.

Beloved- beloved, one whom it is impossible to look at enough, whom it is impossible to admire enough. Examples of use: my beloved, beloved beauty, beloved granddaughter.

Reckless- boundless. Examples of use: boundless view, vastness, boundless skies, boundless sea, boundless distance.

Unsightly- unattractive, unattractive in appearance, unseemly. Examples of use: unsightly house, outfit, unsightly act, unsightly behavior, past.

Impenetrable- dark, thick, such that nothing can be seen through. Examples of use: impenetrable darkness, fog; impenetrable darkness, darkness.

Grateful - grateful

Grateful- feeling grateful, expressing gratitude. Examples of use: grateful look, view, person; grateful patients, spectators, customers, students.

Thanksgiving- expressing gratitude. Examples of use: thanksgiving prayer, letter of gratitude, appeal; thank you telegram, words of gratitude.

Everyday - everyday

Weekday- not a holiday, not a day off, but a working day (days from Monday to Friday). Examples of use: weekday, weekday evening.

Everyday- everyday, ordinary, ordinary. Examples of use: everyday mood; everyday environment, clothing; everyday facial expression; everyday voice.

Experienced - former - former

Experienced- 1) familiar, 2) knowledgeable, experienced. Examples of use: experienced traveler, warrior, experienced tourists.

Former- 1) previously existing, 2) ceased to hold a position, position. Examples of use: former club, former school, former doctor, director.

Former- past, past, former: Examples of use: former years, former fear; former strength, sorrow, glory; former happiness, respect.

Inhale - sigh

Inhale- antonym of the word exhale. Examples of use: take a breath, take a deep breath, take a deep breath.

Sigh- increased inhalation and exhalation, usually when expressing feelings. Examples of use: heavy sigh, sigh of horror, said with a sigh.

Age-old - eternal

Century-old- existing for a long time, many years, centuries. Examples of use: centuries-old oaks, centuries-old grove, centuries-old forest; centuries-old traditions and customs.

Eternal- endless, without beginning or end, constant. Examples of use: eternal human values; eternal problems, complaints; eternal shawl on the shoulders, permafrost, eternal peace, eternal fire.

Great - majestic

Great- 1) very large, huge, exceeding the usual measure, 2) outstanding, important in significance. Examples of use: great responsibility, great contribution; great writer, composer, artist, performer, thinker; great happiness, great multitude.

Majestic- 1) stately, solemn, 2) full of dignity, importance. Examples of use: majestic panorama, majestic architectural ensemble, majestic building, majestic ruins, majestic posture.

Clay - clay

Clayey- containing clay, abounding in clay. Examples of use: clay soils, clay shale, clay soil.

Clay- made of clay. Examples of use: earthenware; clay shard, pot; clay hearth; a colossus with feet of clay.

Annual - annual - annual

Annual- 1) lasting throughout the year, relating to the whole year, 2) tree rings. Usage examples: annual expenses, annual absence, annual subscription to a monthly magazine.

one year old- at the age of one year. Examples of use: one-year-old baby, one-year-old daughter, for one-year-old children.

Annual- 1) relating to the whole year, 2) resulting by the end of the year, as a result of the year: Examples of use: annual income, annual assessment, annual report, annual subscription to an annual publication, annual bonus.

Proud - proud

Proud- filled with pride, importance, a sense of personal superiority. Examples of use: proud posture, proud pose, proud appearance.

Proud- 1) having pride, dignity, self-respect, 2) having a sense of superiority over others, considering himself higher, better than others, treating others with disdain. Examples of use: proud person, proud soul, proud look, proud look, too proud.

Binary - double - dual - double - doubled - doubled

Binary- based on counting in twos (pairs), based on a combination of two components. Examples of use: binary digit, binary number system, binary fractions, binary code.

Double- 1) consisting of two homogeneous or similar parts, 2) twice as large, 3) dual. Examples of use: double frames, double mirror, double salary, double salary, double game.

Dual- 1) contradictory, 2) two-faced, 3) concerning two sides, two participants. Examples of use: dual position, dual policy, dual agreement (bilateral agreement), dual interpretation.

Double- double, manifesting itself in two forms. Examples of use: double meaning, double benefit.

Twin- connected into one. Examples of use: double thread, double wire.

Doubled- doubled. Examples of use: doubled strength, doubled reserve, doubled reserve, doubled attention.

Effective - valid - effective

Effective- effective, capable of influencing results. Examples of use: effective help, effective means, effective measures, effective force.

Valid- 1) really existing, 2) valid, valid, suitable. Examples of use: valid fact, valid life, valid travel ticket, valid for 10 days.

Active - current, working. Examples of use: current president, active volcano, current legislation, current rules, active person (hero of a work of fiction), active army (located at the front during the war).

Busy - businesslike - efficient - efficient

Businesslike- skillful, intelligent, enterprising. Examples of use: businesslike gait, businesslike appearance, businesslike manners.

Business- 1) connected with business, with work, 2) knowledgeable, experienced in business. Examples of use: business style of clothing, tone, conversation; business meeting, business letter, business connections, business circles.

Efficient- capable of business, work, business. Examples of use: efficient person, advice; good offer.

Businesslike- based on narrow practicality, purely pragmatic. Examples of use: practical approach, practical decision.

Kind - kind

Solid- well, solidly made. Examples of use: good furniture, matter, good house.

Kind- 1) responsive, ready to help, disposed towards others, 2) good, bringing joy, success, good.

Examples of use: good person, good smile, memory, kind face, good look, good news, good sign, good omen.

Confidential - trusting

Trustee- expressing trust Examples of use: confidential atmosphere, conversation, intonation; trusting relationship; confidential conversation, tone.

Confiding- trusting, nurturing trust. Examples of use: trusting child, person, teacher; trusting girl, trusting creature, trusting people.

Rainy - rainy

Rain- relating to rain. Examples of use: rain water, rain stream, smell; raindrop, rain clouds.

Rainy- abundant rain, precipitation. Examples of use: rainy day, season; rainy winter, spring, weather; rainy summer

Cruel - tough

Cruel- 1) ruthless, merciless, too harsh, 2) too strong. Examples of use: cruel person, cruel act, cruel plan, cruel reprisal, severe frosts, cruel wind, severe headache.

Hard- 1) hard to the touch, strong, dense, 2) harsh, sharp, 3) not allowing deviations. Examples of use: tough person, tough position, tough words, tough look, tough schedule, tight deadlines.

Life-giving - alive - animal - tenacious

Life-giving- strengthening vitality. Examples of use: life-giving light, life-giving warmth, life-giving remedy.

Alive- 1) an antonym to the word dead, 2) relating to living things: plants, animals, 3) mobile, restless, active, nimble, 4) intensely manifested, 5) bright, expressive. Examples of use: living fighter, living nature, living matter, living child, living son, living interest, living business, living speech, living look.

Animal- 1) related to the organic world, 2) like an animal, i.e. not controlled by consciousness. Examples of use: animal fats, animal fear, animal nature, animal instincts.

tenacious- 1) hardy, viable, 2) long-lasting. Examples of use: tenacious, like a cat; tenacious being, tenacious tradition, tenacious habits.

Life - worldly

Vital- 1) related to life, 2) important for life. Examples of use: life interest, path; vital indication for surgery; vitality, luck, drama, tragedy.

Everyday- mundane, associated with daily life. Examples of use: everyday problem, vanity, worldly wisdom; an everyday matter; everyday little things, everyday habits.

fence off - fence off - fence off - fence off - fence off

Block out- 1) surround it with a fence, make a fence, 2) build a barrier. Examples of use: blocked the garden, vegetable garden, blocked access, passage.

Fence- surround with a fence, fence. Examples of use: to fence a garden, house, plot.

Fence-1) surround with a fence: fence with a lattice; 2) using any measures to protect from someone’s attacks or encroachments. Examples of use: protect from attacks, nagging, and unfair accusations.

Fence off- to separate with a fence, to isolate. Examples of use: to fence off a children's corner, to fence off a place for luggage (usually indicate what or what is fenced off).

Block off- 1) divide the space with a partition, 2) create a barrier. Examples of use: block a room, block a road, a passage, block a river with a dam.

Lower - lower - lower

Understate- present in smaller sizes. Examples of use: underestimate estimates, underestimate quantitative data.

Downgrade-1) make it lower, 2) reduce the level, degree, intensity, etc. 3) transfer to a lower position. Examples of use: lower salary, water temperature, air temperature, demote in position, rank.

Reduce- decrease. Examples of use: reduce prices, speed, requirements, significance, volume.

Pay - pay

Pay- 1) to give payment for something, 2) to repay (reply). Examples of use: pay for purchases, for work, for services, for a ticket, for travel; pay good for good.

Pay- to give payment for something. Examples of use: pay expenses, pay a bill, pay for services.

Fill - fill - overfill

Fill- 1) take it in its entirety, fill it out, 2) enter the necessary information. Examples of use: fill the hall, fill all the seats, fill the area; fill out the form, form, form, questionnaire.

Fill- 1) take the whole thing (pouring, pouring, applying), 2) take time. Examples of use: fill a container, basket, box, boxes; fill life with work, meaning, and entertainment.

Overfill- fill, fill beyond measure. Examples of use: overfill the bottle with water, overfill the cup of patience.

Difficult - difficult

Difficult- done with effort, with difficulty. Examples of use: difficulty breathing, difficulty moving.

Difficult- causing difficulty or containing difficulties. Examples of use: predicament, circumstance, difficult situation, difficult matter.

Initiator - instigator

Starter- founder. Examples of use: initiator of competition, initiator of urban planning reforms, initiator of a trend in art.

Instigator- someone who starts something unseemly. Examples of use: instigator of a fight, instigator of a scandal, instigator of street riots.

Sound - sonorous

Sound- 1) a physical term (relating to sound), 2) a recording or reproducing device, apparatus, 3) consisting of sounds. Examples of use: sound wave, sound signal, sound film, sound apparatus.

Sonorous- loud, clear, distinct sounding. Examples of use: sonorous voice, laughter, bell, stream.

Malicious - sinister - evil - malicious

Vicious- 1) full of malice, enmity; 2) expressing, revealing anger. Examples of use: evil character, person, look, cry, voice; evil eyes.

Sinister- indicating the onset of something bad, difficult, some kind of misfortune. Examples of use: ominous sign, dream; ominous rumors, omens, sounds.

Wicked- 1) filled with hostility, ill will; 2) caused by anger; 3) ferocious, fierce (about an animal); 4) very strong. Examples of use: action, look, person, voice, intent; evil stepmother, wife; evil eyes, people; evil frost, wind.

Malicious- 1) malicious, 2) deliberately dishonest. Examples of use: persistent truant, violator, defaulter.

Sparkling - playful - gambling - playful

Sparkling- foaming, effervescent. Examples of use: sparkling drink, sparkling wine.

Playful- loves to play, active. Examples of use: playful child, kitten, puppy.

Gambling- intended for gambling. Examples of use: gambling house, hall.

Playing- serving for the game. Examples of use: playing cards, slot machine.

Artificial - artificial

Skillful- 1) skillful, 2) performed with skill, skill. Usage examples: skilled craftsman, skilled speaker, skillful work, carving, embroidery.

Artificial- 1) made to resemble a natural one, 2) insincere, feigned. Examples of use: artificial fabrics, artificial stone, artificial cheerfulness.

Outgoing - outgoing

Original - elementary. Examples of use: initial moment, initial level of knowledge, initial position, initial situation, initial advantage.

Outgoing- document flow term. Examples of use: outgoing number, outgoing document, outgoing mail, outgoing correspondence.

Stony - stone

Rocky- stone-rich, containing many stones. Examples of use: rocky road, path, path, soil; rocky shore.

Stone- 1) consisting of stone, 2) like stone (motionless, frozen, insensitive). Examples of use: stone house, city, bridge; stone architecture, building; stone wall; stone face, stone figure, stone heart.

Comfortable – comfortable

Comfortable- convenient, with comfort. Examples of use: comfortable apartment, furniture; comfortable car, plane, ship, train.

Comfortable- comfortable. Examples of use: comfortable situation, atmosphere, setting, role, comfortable living, but there can also be comfortable housing (in dictionaries one word is explained through another).

Equestrian - horse

Equestrian- 1) for horses, 2) with the help of horses, 3) on a horse. Examples of use: horse harness, horse yard, horse traction, horse thresher, horse ride, mounted police.

Horse- 1) related to a horse, 2) part of botanical names. Examples of use: horse hair, horse stomping, horse snoring, horse neighing; horse sorrel, horse chestnut.

Root - stocky - root

Root- 1) basic, initial, 2) deep, significant, affecting the basics, 3) important, main, 4) medical term. Examples of use: indigenous people, indigenous population, indigenous nationality; fundamental question, fundamental turn, fundamental changes, radical mast, radical horse (middle of the three); permanent teeth.

Stocky- body type (short, strong, muscular). Usage examples: stocky figure, stocky young man.

Root- related to the root. Examples of use: root system of a plant, root morpheme.

Colorful – painted

Colorful- bright, juicy Examples of use: colorful landscape, still life, language; colorful picture; colorful, bright summer colors.

Painted- treated with paint. Examples of use: dyed blonde, dyed hair, lips; painted floor, house; painted frames.

Oily - oily - oily - oily

Buttered- 1) lubricated, soaked in oil, 2) about the look (sensual), 3) about the voice (sweet, flattering or ingratiating), 4) Shrovetide week (Maslenitsa, the week before Lent). Examples of use: oily pancake, oily porridge, oily hands, oily cuffs, sleeves, oily padded jacket, oily look, oily voice.

Oilseed- relating to an olive tree, tree or fruit. Examples of use: olive tree, olive berries, Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.

Oily- 1) containing oil, 2) similar to oiled, shiny, having a shine. Examples of use: oily stains on the road, oily leaves, oily eyes, oily look.

Oil- 1) made of oil, 2) made with paints ground in oil, 3) working in oil. Examples of use: oil stain, oil painting, oil paints, oil engine, oil lamp.

put on - put on

Put on- something for yourself. Examples of use: put on a dress, suit, glasses, jewelry, shoes.

Dress- someone. Examples of use: dress a child, a sick person, a toddler; cover with a blanket.

Availability - cash

Availability- presence. Examples of use: availability of products in a store, goods in a warehouse.

Availability- quantity currently available. Examples of use: cash, cash check.

Print - print

Type- SV to the verb to print. Examples of use: print books, circulation, print photographs, print (publish) poetry, a novel, print on a typewriter.

Print- 1) the same as printing, but with a touch of completing the work (finish printing), 2) making an imprint, 3) opening the room by removing the seal. Examples of use: print a copy of a book, print a text on a typewriter, a crow made footprints in the snow, print a room in the presence of witnesses.

Ignorant - ignorant

Ignorant - impolite, violating the norms of polite behavior. Usage examples: He is a rude and uncouth ignoramus. Don't be ignorant.

Ignorant- ignorant, uninformed, poorly educated. Examples of use: He is a complete ignoramus: he has never read a book in his life. It's a shame to be ignorant.

Innocent - innocent

Innocent- 1) without guilt, innocent, 2) naive, simple-minded, 3) chaste. Usage examples: innocent look, innocent appearance, innocent joke, innocent conversation, innocent creature, innocent girl.

Innocent- not involved in a crime. Examples of use: innocent person, old man, young man.

Unseen - unsightly - unsightly

Reckless- boundless. Examples of use: boundless distances, boundless sea surface, boundless sky, boundless horizon.

Impenetrable- dense, dark, dull. Examples of use: impenetrable darkness, darkness, night; impenetrable fog, darkness.

Unsightly- nondescript, unattractive. Examples of use: unsightly appearance, yard, house, area; unsightly surroundings, unsightly prospect, unsightly future.

Intolerable – impatient – ​​intolerant

Intolerable- difficult to bear. Examples of use: unbearable stuffiness, pain, heat, thirst.

Impatient- 1) having difficulty enduring something, 2) expressing impatience. Examples of use: impatient person, look; impatient movement, tapping, impatient posture.

Intolerant- one that is impossible to put up with. Examples of use: intolerant attitude, intolerant act, intolerant behavior, intolerant outburst.

Snippet - excerpt

Scrap- 1) a torn piece, 2) a part. Examples of use: scraps of paper, scraps of newspaper, scraps of thread, scraps of phrases, scraps of conversation.

Excerpt- a small part of a work, a fragment. Examples of use: an excerpt from a poem, an excerpt from a story, a musical excerpt, an excerpt from a play.

To embrace - to embrace

Grasp- embrace from different sides, hug. Examples of use: clasp your head in your hands, sit with your hands clasped around your knees.

Cover- 1) to embrace, embrace, 2) to position themselves around, nearby, to encircle, 3) to spread over the entire surface, throughout the entire space, 4) to outflank the enemy, 5) to involve someone in some activity, 6) to take complete possession . Examples of use: grandmother grabbed (synonymously: grabbed) my head with her hands, the forest enveloped the dacha on three sides, the steppe enveloped the village on all sides, fire engulfed the entire building, I was seized with trembling, fear gripped her, the election campaign covered the entire region, population census covered the whole country, we covered the Germans from three sides.

fence off - fence off - fence off

Fence- 1) fence around, 2) protect. Examples of use: to fence a house and garden, to fence a plot of land; protect from attacks, accusations, protect from troubles.

Fence- surround with a fence. Examples of use: enclose a house and garden with a fence, enclose a bed with screens.

Fence off- 1) to separate something with a partition, fence, 2) to isolate, separate. Examples of use: fence off with a curtain, fence off a children's corner, fence off a distant part of the garden; fence off from life, fence off from business.

Limitation - limitation

Limitation- boundaries, boundaries in any activity. Examples of use: job restrictions, limited opportunities, limited rights, seasonal restrictions, age restrictions.

Limitation- 1) small opportunities, 2) a property of a person, group of people, society. Examples of use: limited money, limited opportunities, limited time, limited mind, limited possessive psychology, limited powers; her, his, their limitations.

limit - limit - limit

Limit- put within boundaries, frames. Examples of use: the town hall building limited the area from the north, limit income, limit will, limit freedom, limit opportunities, limit rights.

Delimit- to separate one thing from another or from everything else by establishing a boundary. Examples of use: the far corner of the garden is delimited by a light fence, we need to distinguish our understanding of the problem from the generally accepted one, we should not artificially separate the child from the life of the family as a whole.

Delimit- separate from each other or one from the other: differentiate between concepts, differentiate between responsibilities, differentiate between good and bad, differentiate between harmful and beneficial factors.

Single - single - single

Single- consisting of one part, not double. Examples of use: single door, frame; single thread.

Lonely- 1) existing separately from others, 2) having no family or relatives, 3) occurring alone. Examples of use: lonely pine, lonely house, lonely person, lonely life, lonely old age, lonely walk, lonely thought.

Single- 1) alone, 2) without the help of anyone. Examples of use: single shot, leopards are characterized by a solitary lifestyle, solitary hunting.

Call - response

Hail- exclamation, shout. Examples of use: a quiet call, an unexpected call, a sharp call, a call “Stop! Who goes?"

Response- 1) a response to an appeal, 2) a state of mind that appears as a result of some influence, 3) a review, article, letter. Examples of use: there was no response, a quiet response, no response followed, I heard an inaudible response, evoke a response in the soul, awaken a response, responses in the newspaper, responses on the Internet.

Wary - dangerous

Cautious- fearful, fearful, cautious. Examples of use: apprehensive thought, apprehensive reaction, apprehensive old woman.

Dangerous- representing a danger. Usage examples: dangerous zone, dangerous criminal, dangerous state of affairs, dangerous situation.

Selecting - choosing

Selecting- participle from ch. select To take away - 1) to take something from someone against his will, 2) to take from a certain number for a certain reason. Examples of use: take away toys, money, telephone; select competition participants, select the best works.

Choosing- participle from ch. choose. Choose - 1) take what you need from what is available, based on certain signs, 2) participate in elections, 3) find time for something. Examples of use: choose the most beautiful girl, choose the ripest fruits, choose the chairman of the meeting, choose the president, find it difficult to choose the time for your favorite activity.

Selective - qualifying

Selected- 1) selected from others as the best, 2) obscene. Examples of use: selected grain, selected cast of actors, selected berries; choice swearing, choice swearing.

Qualifying- for selection purposes. Examples of use: qualifying competitions, selection committee.

Deviation - evasion

Deviation- 1) refusal, 2) retreat. Examples of usage: denial of a petition for clemency, denial of an appeal, deviation of the compass needle, deviation from the norm, deviation from the right direction.

Dodge e - departure from something. Usage examples: avoidance of responsibilities, avoidance of obligations, avoidance of the agenda.

deviate - evade

Deviate- move to the side. Examples of use: the compass needle deviates for a split second and again takes the correct position, the speedometer needle deviates to the right, we deviate from our goal, you deviate from the topic.

Dodge- 1) deviate, move away, 2) refrain from doing something, 3) change the original direction.

Examples of use: avoid blows, evade responsibilities, avoid conversation, evade the original course.

Distinguish - distinguish

Distinguish- 1) to recognize something among other things, 2) to reward, to highlight (obsolete). Examples of use: he does not distinguish rye from wheat, he was distinguished by a promotion.

Distinguish- 1) to recognize by sight or other senses, 2) to distinguish. Examples of use: it is difficult to distinguish in the dark, to distinguish her voice, to distinguish shades of color, to distinguish the manner of performance.

Difference - difference

Difference- 1) a sign that creates a difference, 2) merit (obsolete), 3) sign, title, diploma, etc. indicators of recognition of someone's merits. Examples of use: understand the difference, grasp the difference, combat differences, graduate from university with honors.

Difference- 1) difference, dissimilarity. Examples of use: the difference between us, the difference between the lyrical hero and the author, the difference between a photograph and a painting.

Shake off - shake off

Shake off- shake off (remove something by moving your hand or using something). Examples of use: shake off crumbs, dust, shake off snow from your feet, shake off your feet with a broom, shake off a dusty magazine.

Shake off- 1) remove something with a characteristic movement, 2) get rid of something.

Examples of use: shake off snow from a hat, shake off drops of water from an umbrella, shake off fear, shake off unpleasant memories.

Memorable – memorable

Retentive- has a good memory. Usage examples: a memorable person.

Memorable- unforgettable, remembered, significant, important. Examples of use: memorable day, year, moment, conversation; commemorative medal, trip; memorable event.

Endure - endure

Endure it- to survive, to endure something unpleasant, difficult. Examples of use: endure difficulties, endure cold, thirst, heat.

Endure- 1) experience, endure something unpleasant, difficult, 2) undergo a change. Examples of use: endure all difficulties and hardships, endure punishment; undergo change, undergo deformation, undergo transformation.

Transitional - transitory - transitory

Transition- 1) being a transition, 2) a grammatical term. Examples of use: transition period, age, transitional era, time, transitional time; transitive verbs.

Transitional- 1) one that is transferred, 2) transferred to the winner, 3) a financial term. Examples of use: crossing the road; challenge cup, challenge banner, challenge title; carryover amounts, carryover totals.

Transient- one that passes quickly, temporary, short-lived. Examples of use: transitory values, transitory fame.

Sandy - sandy

Sand- 1) containing sand or intended for sand, 2) resembling sand. Examples of use: hourglass, sand dust, sandbox (for sand); sand color, sand coat.

Sandy- consisting of sand or covered with a layer of sand. Examples of use: sandy beach, sandy bottom, sandstorm.

Weepy - weepy - deplorable

whiny- 1) often crying, prone to tears, 2) plaintive, such as happens when crying. Examples of use: whiny child, whiny mood; whiny voice, whiny facial expression.

Weeping- 1) having long, hanging branches, 2) obsolete: often weeping. Examples of use: weeping birch, weeping willow. In the second meaning, the word can be found in classical literature.

Deplorable- 1) causing regret, pity, 2) obsolete: sad, pitiful. Examples of use: deplorable state of affairs, deplorable state, disastrous results; crying sounds.

Selection - choice

Selection - 1) process, 2) collection, collection. Examples of use: selection of personnel, selection of people, selection of artists; selection of jewelry, selection of coins, selection of books.

Choice- 2) process, 2) what is chosen from, 3) in plural. h.: ​​elections - election by voting. Examples of use: choice of profession, offer a choice, good choice, poor choice, huge choice; President elections.

Fake - craft - trick

Fake- 1) the process of making counterfeit things, 2) fake, counterfeit thing. Examples of use: counterfeiting money, counterfeiting antiques; There are only fakes in this store.

Craft- minor work or its result. Examples of use: at the exhibition there were children's crafts, folk crafts, bone and wood crafts.

Trick- reprehensible act, misdemeanor. Examples of use: serious prank, children's prank, innocent prank (prank), the clown's pranks amused everyone: both adults and children.

Fit - similar

Appropriate- appropriate, required in the given conditions. Examples of use: appropriate quality, appropriate attitude, appropriate meeting, appropriate honors.

Like- 1) similar to someone or something, 2) a mathematical term. Examples of use: similar situation, similar case, similar news, similar work, similar answer; the triangles are similar.

Place - place - place

Place- 1) determine a place for something (put, put, hang, arrange), 2) settle, provide housing, 3) place someone somewhere (in a hospital, in an orphanage, in a boarding school), 4 ) invest funds (money), 5) print, publish. Examples of use: place a chair in the corner, place guests in a corner room, I was placed in a surgical department, place money in a commercial bank at interest, in the latest issue of the New World magazine for 2013 they published a selection of poems by a famous poet.

R post- 1) arrange in a certain order, 2) distribute among many persons (participants). Examples of use: place dishes on a shelf, place laundry in a closet, place orders profitably.

Fit- place something completely or in large quantities. Examples of use: Mom was able to fit all my things on one shelf, I want to fit all the apples in one basket.

Place (s) - place (s) - fit (s)

Fit- 1) fit in, find enough space, 2) settle. Usage examples: I didn’t think so many people could fit here; the cereal does not fit in the jar; we stayed in a small house on the shore.

Accommodate- find a place for yourself, settle down, settle down. Examples of use: to sit in a house, in a room, in a chair, on a sofa, to sit comfortably.

Fit- 1) fit completely, 2) settle down, settle down on the

The secret to successfully passing the Unified State Exam in the Russian language is high-quality preparation with careful study of each type of task that the graduate will encounter when completing the exam work.

Just like last year, tickets will include a paronyms task. The topic “paronymous pairs” is studied in the school Russian language course, but many students manage to completely forget it by the time of final exams, which is confirmed by the large number of mistakes made by graduates in task No. 5.

We will tell you what paronyms are, you need to know about such pairs to successfully pass the Unified State Exam for 2019 graduates, and we will also help you understand the features of the topic and tell you where to find a list of words that FIPI experts use when compiling exam papers.

The most important thing about paronyms

The Russian language is unique and quite complex in its structure. Words that sound very similar can have radically different meanings, which causes difficulties in understanding speech for many foreigners.

Paronyms are words with the same root that are similar in sound and belong to the same part of speech, but at the same time have different meanings and are used in different lexical constructions.

Paronyms can form:

• pairs (2 words);
• rows (from 3 to 7 words).

Words forming paronymic pairs can be expressed not only by a noun, but also by other parts of speech (adverb, adjective or verb). The task of a graduate who wants to pass the Unified State Exam well in 2019 is to know all the paronyms (a list of pairs and strings from KIMs, their meaning and application features).

Words included in paronymic pairs and series may differ in prefixes and suffixes, or even have a different base. Semantically, there are two groups of paronyms:

There is also a separate group of words that differ significantly in their functional and stylistic consistency (live - live, work - work).

Dictionary of paronyms

The first thing you should do in preparation for the 2019 Unified State Exam is to study the dictionary of paronyms. It is worth saying right away that in the KIMs of the Unified State Exam 2019, not all paronyms that exist in the Russian language will be found, but only a short list of 124 pairs and rows. At the same time, the complete dictionary compiled by Russian linguists contains 1,100 pairs and rows, each of which contains 2-7 words. If desired, a complete dictionary with detailed descriptions of meanings and features of use can be found on the Internet (for example, at paronymonline.ru).

We bring to your attention a short dictionary of paronyms, which will be useful to all graduates, because in 2019 the Russian language remains a compulsory subject of the Unified State Exam.

How to remember paronyms

Many paronymic pairs and their semantic differences are well known to anyone who is a native speaker of the Russian language. But there are also words in the list whose interpretation may be difficult. You can work through these paronyms by opening the corresponding dictionary with explanations, but in order to save time when preparing for the Unified State Exam 2019, teachers recommend using quick reference books.

We invite you to download one of these ready-made dictionaries, which will help you quickly remember all 124 pairs necessary to complete task No. 5 from the Unified State Exam tickets.

Dictionary of paronyms from FIPI

Subscription– the right to use something (or a document granting this right) for a certain period: a subscription to the pool.

Subscriber– a person or institution that has a subscription: a telephone network subscriber.

Destination– the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient).

Addressee– the person or organization sending the postal item (sender).

Artistic– relating to the artist; intended for the artist; characteristic of an artist, an artist, characteristic of him.

Artistic- distinguished by artistry, artistic taste.

Poor– having very meager income, poor or indigent; having a lack of something, meager; unhappy, arousing compassion, pity.

Disastrous- full of disasters and hardships.

Meek– not receiving, not giving an answer, response to something; unable to object, contradict, very meek.

Irresponsible– not bearing or not recognizing responsibility.

Marshy– abounding in swamps, swampy; swampy, like a swamp.
Bolotny– related to the swamp, characteristic of it; intended for work in a swamp, movement through a swamp, etc.; living, growing in a swamp.

Grateful- feeling or experiencing gratitude.

Thanksgiving– containing, containing gratitude, appreciation: letter of thanks, telegram.

Charitable– aimed at providing material assistance to those in need.

Beneficial- useful, having a good effect.

Experienced- seen and experienced a lot.
Former- currently not holding any position.

Former- past, past.

Reckless- done without thought or consideration.
Beloved- beloved, dear.

Reckless– huge, boundless, boundless.

Inhale– each individual intake of air into the lungs, each individual inhalation: a deep breath.
Sigh- increased inhalation and exhalation: a sigh escaped.

Century-old– living, existing for centuries, for a very long time, unchanging, permanent: centuries-old oaks, centuries-old forest; centuries-old traditions, customs;

Eternal- infinite in time, having neither beginning nor end, not ceasing to exist, indefinite, not having a deadline. - eternal human values,
eternal problems.

Great- surpassing any level, outstanding. Great composer, great musician.

Majestic- full of grandeur, solemn beauty, large in size. A majestic building, a majestic monument.

Replenish– reimburse.

Add- add new data to what others have said, make it more complete by adding to something.

Top up- to increase by adding something new to something existing

Hostile- full of hostility, hatred.

Hostile- relating to the enemy, enemy, adversary.

Benefit– benefit, advantage.

Profitability– availability of benefits; positivity that leaves a good impression.

Issue– issued money, goods.

Recoil– the same as efficiency, benefit.

Broadcast- something conveyed to someone; transfer process.

Giveaway- to give something to many.

Pay- giving money to compensate for something.

Payment- payment, money paid for something. Payment is a monetary reward, compensation for something.

Payment– compensation: payment of tax

Pay out- issue payment, pay in full.

Pay- to give something in return, to repay.

Pay- pay for something. To repay is to commit, do something in response to someone’s action.

Pay– the same as paying

Grow- when caring, to ensure the growth, development of someone or something, to nurture.

Increase– promote the growth of something, lengthen; grow in any quantity; accumulate.

Grow– provide the opportunity to achieve any size or height in growth.

High– large in extent or far located in the direction from bottom to top; exceeding the average level, average norm, significant; outstanding in importance, honorable, important; sublime in content, very significant, solemn, not ordinary; very good quality, excellent; about sounds: thin, sonorous, caused by high-frequency vibrations.

High-rise– extending beyond a known limit; caused by high altitude; produced or used at high altitude (aircraft); about architectural structures: very tall, multi-story.

Warranty– adjective to the noun guarantee. Containing a guarantee, serving as a guarantee.

Guaranteed– participle of the verb to guarantee. Secured.

Harmonic– related to harmony; based on the principles of harmony.

Harmonious– containing elements of harmony; possessing coherence, coherence, mutual correspondence of different qualities of objects, phenomena, parts of the whole

Clay- made of clay. Clay pot.

Clayey– containing clay. Clay soil.

one year old– at the age of one year; lain, lasted a year.

Annual– relating to the whole year; resulting by the end of the year, in total for the year; calculated for a year. Annual - for a period of one year, one-year.

Pride– self-esteem, self-respect, feeling of satisfaction from success; an excessively high opinion of oneself.

Pride- excessive pride.

Humanism- progressive movement of the Renaissance; attitude towards people, imbued with love for man and concern for his well-being.

Humanity– a property based on the meaning of the adjective humane.

Humanistic– adjective to the nouns humanism and humanist.

Humanitarian– addressed to the human person, to human rights and interests; relating to the social sciences that study man and his culture.

Humane– humane, philanthropic, imbued with love for people, respect for the individual.

Binary– based on counting in twos (pairs): binary system.

Double– twice as large: double portion; double care; consisting of two pieces, parts: double lining; double bottom.

Dual– leaning both in one and the other direction; contradictory: ambivalent attitude, opinion, feeling, behavior.

Double– having two types, two forms, two meanings.

Twin- something made double.

Doubled– enlarged, doubled in strength.

Effective– capable of influencing, active: effective assistance.

Valid– real, authentic; valid: travel card, real life.

Active- one who performs actions, is in action.

Businesslike– smart, serious, enterprising: businesslike worker; businesslike look; businesslike gait.

Business– related to official activities, work: business conversation, meeting.

Efficient– capable of serious work: efficient worker; serious, worthy of attention: a worthwhile project.

Businesslike- which is based on narrow practicality, losing sight of the social side of the matter.

Democratic– containing elements of democracy, democratism, simple, relating to the people.

Democratic– based on the principles of democracy, implementing democracy, reflecting it, belonging to it. (Used in phrases of a terminological nature)

Dictation– written work consisting of recording dictated text.
Diktat- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one, strong party and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by the other, weak party.

Diploma holder– a person awarded a diploma for successful performance at a competition, festival, etc.; student preparing his final thesis.

Diplomat– An official engaged in diplomatic activities, work in the field of foreign relations; about a person acting subtly and skillfully.

Diplomatic– relating to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post).

Diplomatic– subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).

Long– having a large length, extension; longer than necessary; about the person: tall; slowly dragging on.

Long- long-term.

Solid- good quality, durable: good product, suit, house;

Kind– doing good, bringing good, close, noble: good person, character.

Trustee– showing trust in someone or something: confidential tone, voice, gesture, look.

Confiding– easy to trust; based on trust: trusting child, animal, disposition.

Rain– associated with rain, caused by rain, bringing rain; designed to protect against rain.

Rainy- abundant with rain. Rainy season, year.

Dramatic– relating to drama; about the singer’s voice: strong, somewhat harsh in timbre, in contrast to the lyrical one.

Dramatic– containing elements of drama, tension, expressing strong, deep experiences and feelings; calculated for effect, pompous.

Friendly- relating to a friend, belonging to, characteristic of him, characterizing the relationship of friends.

Friendly– mutually benevolent, based on friendliness, expressing affection (mainly about states, peoples and relations between them).

Friendly- bound by friendship, mutual agreement, occurring simultaneously, in concert.

Unit- only one, only one; separate, separate, individual.

The only one- only one, such, besides which there is no other; exceptional. One - common, identical, one for all, possessing internal unity.

Desired– very expected, constituting an object of desire; dear, dear.

Desirable– needed for something, corresponding to someone’s desires, interests, expectations.

Hard– hard, rough (about an object): hard fabric; strict, unconditional: rigidity of measures, character, game; harshness in the voice.

Cruel- ruthless, merciless; prone to cruelty.

Vital– related to life: living conditions, contradictions; life experience, process, path; close to life, to reality: life image, story; important for life, socially necessary: ​​a vital question.

Everyday- ordinary, characteristic of everyday life: everyday chores, everyday life, little things.

Housing– adjective to the noun dwelling.

Residential- intended for housing.

Block out- put up a fence, fence, screen, close.

Fence- surround with a fence.

Fence- protect, protect.

Fence off- separate by putting up a fence or partition.

Block off- separate with a partition or something blocking it.

Understate- make it lower than normal, necessary, make it lower than necessary.

Downgrade– make it lower; transfer to a lower, less responsible position.

Reduce– make it low, lower it lower, lower the height.

Pay– 1) to give payment for something, 2) to repay (reply). Examples of use: pay for purchases, for work, for services, for a ticket, for travel; to pay with good for good (note: after the word pay, a noun or pronoun is used in V. p. with the preposition for).

Pay out- to give payment for something. Examples of use: pay a salary, pay interest on a debt, pay off a mortgage.

Pay back– to do something in response to someone’s action, to take revenge. Examples of use: repay with ingratitude, repay evil for good, repay for hospitality, repay with care and care.

Pay- to give payment for something. Examples of use: pay expenses, pay a bill, pay for services.

Fill- take over entirely; enter the necessary information into something.

Fill- make full, busy, saturated with something.

Overfill- fill beyond measure.

Starter- the one who conceives something, lays the foundation for something.

Instigator- the one who incites to start, starts something unseemly.

Animal– adjective to the noun beast; inherent in the beast, characteristic of the beast; cruel, ferocious; overly strong.

Brutal- characteristic of a beast, bestial; cruel, ferocious, wild; very strong, extraordinary.

Sound- perceived by the ear, consisting of sounds.

Sonorous– making loud, clear sounds.

Visual– related to vision; intended for spectators; one with the help of which something is considered.

Spectator- relating to the viewer, characteristic of him.

Inventive- resourceful, quick to come up with ideas, capable of inventing.

Inventive- relating to invention, to the inventor.

Informative– information-carrying, information-rich.

Informational– relating to information.

Information– informing; communication about the state of affairs, events; information about the surrounding world and the processes occurring in it, perceived by humans or special devices.

Awareness– awareness, degree of knowledge of information.

Ironic– relating to irony as a stylistic device.

Ironic– containing elements of irony, used for the purpose of ridicule.

Skillful- skillful, knowledgeable about his job; skillfully, well executed.

Artificial- not natural, unnatural, made like the real thing, natural, unnatural.

Executive– having as its task the execution of decisions, regulations, practically managing something; diligent, accurately and well fulfilling duties and assignments.

Performing– relating to the performer, to the performance of any artistic (musical, literary, dramatic) work.

Original– initial, starting.

Outgoing- sent from the institution.

Rocky– abundant in stone: soil.

Stone- made of stone.

Comfortable– providing convenience, peace of mind,

Comfortable– meets all comfort requirements.

Equestrian– associated with horses; operating with the help of horses.

Horse- belonging to a horse, relating to it, equine.

Stocky– body type (short, strong, muscular).

Root– original, primordial, permanent, basic; concerning the very foundations, the roots of something, decisive, the most important; main, central, core.

Root– relating to the root of a plant; representing a root, consisting of a root, roots.

Bone– adjective to the noun bone; extracted from bones.

Bone– made from bone, obtained from animal bones.

Colorful– bright, juicy. Painting – participle of the verb to paint; containing paint, used for coloring.

Painted– treated with paint.

Varnished– varnished; polished, outwardly shiny, smooth.

Varnish– adjective to the noun varnish; varnished (made of leather, wood, papier-mâché or metal coated with varnish).

Ice– consisting of ice, icy; located, located on ice; occurring in the ice.

Ice– adjective to the noun ice; consisting of ice, covered with ice; very cold (cold as ice); extremely restrained, contemptuously cold, destructive.

Wooded- abundantly overgrown with forest.

Forest– adjective to the noun forest; located in the forest, living, growing in the forest; covered with forests; related to forestry.

Personal- relating to the individual.

Private– belonging to a specific person; belonging to a person; affecting the interests of any person.

Microscopic– produced using a microscope; distinguishable, visible only through a microscope.

Microscopic– very insignificant in size, size, volume.

Frozen- subjected to freezing.

Freezer– intended for freezing.

Frosty– relating to frost as a natural phenomenon.

Put on– cover the body with clothes (i.e. put it on oneself): put on a coat, a hat; with the preposition “on” to put on oneself and someone else: put a backpack on the back,
furniture covers are put on.

Dress- to cover someone with clothes: to dress a child.

Availability– presence, existence: to be present.

Availability- the amount of something at a given time; money available.

Reminder- words with the purpose of reminding.

Mention- words concerning someone, said not specifically, but casually.

Ignorant- a rude, ill-mannered person.

Ignorant- a poorly educated, ignorant person.

Intolerable- one that cannot be tolerated (unbearable cold).

Intolerant- one that cannot be tolerated: an intolerant situation, behavior; lacking tolerance, not taking into account other people's opinions: intolerant person; intolerant of other people's success.

Impatient- having no patience while waiting for someone or something

Unsuccessful– accompanied, ending in failure; unsatisfactory, not what it should be.

Unfortunate- haunted by failures.

Accused- one who is found guilty.

Accusatory- containing an accusation, expressing condemnation.

Scrap- a torn, torn piece, separate, incoherent, scattered parts of something.

Excerpt- a part isolated from a work, from a narrative.

Grasp- enclosing between outstretched arms, fingers, paws, etc., press something tightly to yourself: the mother hugged the child; the wrestler grabbed his opponent.

Cover– surround, squeeze; enclose, embrace, envelop: (envelop) the neck.

Limit- to put it in some framework, boundaries, to define it with some conditions.

Delimit- having differentiated, separate.

Delimit– divide, indicating boundaries; accurately determine by separating one from the other.

Hail- an exclamation used to call out, i.e. shouting, stopping or calling.

Response- response to a call, appeal; reflection, trace, relic of something.

Organic– organism; characterized by life processes, alive; formed as a result of the decomposition of animal and plant organisms.

Organic– conditioned by the very essence of something, organically inherent in someone or something.

Qualifying– serving to select someone or something: qualifying match, tournament; selection committee.

Selected– selected, best in quality: selected goods, flax, coal; indecent: choice abuse, swearing.

Deviation– rejection, refusal of something, abnormality, strangeness in behavior.

Evasion- moving to the side to avoid something; departure from the direct direction.

Distinguish- to establish a difference, a boundary between something; stand out from others.

Distinguish- to recognize, to distinguish between something or something.

Difference- a sign that creates a difference between something or someone.

Difference- difference, dissimilarity between someone or something.

Retentive– having a good memory: a memorable person, a student.

Memorable– preserved in memory, unforgettable: memorable date, meeting, trip; memorable year; serving for memorization; reminders, memorial book, memorial badge.

Endure it- endure a lot; enduring, overcome.

Endure– endure a lot (hardships); undergo processing and change.

Purchasing– relating to the ability to buy.

Buyer– relating to the buyer, belonging to him.

Popular– understandable, accessible, uncomplicated in presentation; enjoying wide fame and public sympathy.

Populist– appealing to the broad masses and promising them a quick and easy solution to pressing social problems.

Venerable- inspiring respect, deserving it; big, significant.

Respectful– treating someone with respect, expressing respect.

Practical– related to the field of practice; needed for practice; imparting skills; related to the area of ​​real needs.

Practical– experienced, well versed in life’s affairs; convenient, practical, profitable, economical.

Provide– give at disposal, use, provide an apartment, loan, credit, freedom, speech, opportunity; give the right, the opportunity to do: provide a solution to a case, conduct a dispute, determine a price.

Introduce– deliver, present, report: present a report, project; introduce: introduce the guest, lecturer; nominate, propose: nominate for an award, for an order, for a title, for a prize; also: cause, create: this is not difficult.

Representative– making a favorable impression (presentable appearance), authoritative; awe-inspiring, important, imposing.

Executive– elective (representative body) related to representation, representative (representation expenses).

Recognized– enjoying general recognition.

Grateful- experiencing, expressing gratitude.

Productive– bringing positive results, creating some value in the labor process, productive, fruitful.

Grocery– intended for food products, associated with trade or storage of products.

Productive– bringing obvious results, creating some value, productive.

Industrial– related to production; engaged in production, involved in production.

Performance– an indicator of production efficiency, characterizing production output per unit of resources used, factors of production; the quotient of dividing the volume of production by the amount of resources spent on a given volume of production.

Educational– serving for enlightenment, disseminating enlightenment.

Educational- related to enlightenment, enlightenment, characteristic of them.

Journalistic– relating to journalism, to a publicist.

Journalistic– touching on topical socio-political issues.

Shy- fearful, frightened; expressing fearfulness.

Scared– someone who has often been frightened or who is very frightened.

Irritation– a state of excitement, agitation, a feeling of acute dissatisfaction, annoyance, a cell’s reaction to external influences.

Irritability– personality property.

Rhythmic- related to rhythm, subordinate to it.

Rhythmic- repeating something at regular intervals.

Romantic– relating to romanticism as a movement in literature and art and as an artistic method; characteristic of romance; full of romance; emotionally elevated, attractive with its mystery.

Romantic– containing elements of romanticism, mystery, dreaminess.

Secretive– not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank.

Hidden- secret, not revealed explicitly.

Vocabulary– consisting of words; related to the dictionary.

Verbal– oral.

Resistance- resistance to pressure, attack, influence.

Resistance- ability to resist, degree of resistance.

Neighboring– located near, next to something, in the neighborhood.

Neighboring- relating to a neighbor, belonging to him.

Comparable- one that can be compared.

Comparative– establishing similarities or differences, comparative; carried out on the basis of comparison.

Stage– relating to the scene; associated with theatre, theatrical art, theatrical activities.

scenic– suitable for the stage, for a theatrical performance, having the properties necessary for the stage.

Technical– relating to technology, associated with it, with its scientific development; used in industry; related to the maintenance of equipment of any production; acting only on the instructions of the manager, not responsible.

Technical– possessing skill and high technology; performed with great skill, skill (in sports, art).

Lucky- happy; the one who is lucky (lucky explorer).

Successful– successful (lucky day).

Humiliated- the one who was humiliated; expressing humiliation, indicating humiliation.

Humiliating- offensive to someone's dignity or self-esteem.

Actual– valid, corresponding to the facts; real.

Factual– corresponds to reality, facts, requirements of accuracy.

Predatory- characteristic of a predator, predatory.; mismanaged, unplanned, pursuing the goals of immediate gain and enrichment.

Predatory– about animals: eating animals; greedy, full of desire to take possession of someone, to capture something, and also expressing such a desire; like that of a predator.

Tsarsky- related to the king, luxurious, rich, belonging to him; relating to the political regime of a monarchy headed by a king.

Regal- distinguished by majesty, significance in scope.

Reigning- performing the duties of a king; the same as reigning (high) superior, superior to everyone in some respect.

Whole- all without exception, full: a whole piece, a glass; significant, large: a whole heap of papers; a whole range of questions; unharmed: all things are intact.

Whole– from one substance, piece, solid: solid slab; solid granite.

Holistic– having internal unity: theory.

Economic- related to economics, economic.

Economical– giving the opportunity to save something, profitable.

Economical– one who spends something thriftily, who observes economy; requiring moderate costs, promoting savings, modest in expenses.

Aesthetic– related to aesthetics (the science of beauty in art and life, about the general laws of artistic creativity); associated with the creation and perception of beauty.

Aesthetic- beautiful, graceful; containing elements of aestheticism.

Ethical– related to ethics (a science whose object of study is morality); meeting moral requirements.

Ethical– acceptable from the point of view of ethical requirements (standards of behavior).

Effective- giving an effect, effective.

Spectacular- producing an effect, impressive. effective method, effective solution, spectacular costumes.

Efficiency- efficiency, effectiveness.

Effectiveness– catchiness, the ability to make an impression.

The next step should be to solve ready-made tasks. For this purpose, both KIMs from previous years and test tasks of the Unified State Exam 2019 are suitable.

If you perceive information more easily, not just by reading the text, but by reading the teacher, you can recommend watching numerous free online lessons that are easy to find on the Internet. Also on YouTube you can find video analysis of tickets in other subjects, works and their brief review for the 2019 OGE in literature and much other information useful for graduates.

We present to your attention one of the lessons on paronyms: