Fast reading algorithm. Integral fast reading algorithm. Learn to read quickly on your own. An example of a visual representation of an integral reading algorithm

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Hi all. My name is Boris, for several years now I have been interested in the theory of learning and memorization - how the brain works with new information. Today I will share my way of reading books.

You may have heard about the algorithm for reading books, which allows you to retain as much information as possible in your head. A speed reading coach told me about it, and later I saw this algorithm in Buzan’s book “Super Thinking.”

Algorithm for regular books

Everything is very simple:

1. Read the author and title;
2. We ask questions to which we want to find answers in the book;
3. We scroll through: we look at pictures, quotes;
4. We read the contents, table of contents, annotations;
5. Read a book (the faster the better);
6. We highlight the main topic;
7. We highlight facts and novelty;
8. We leaf through the book;
9. Optional: write down in a table in Excel what the book is about, who recommended it, whether it’s worth re-reading and why.

If six months later you need to remember what was in that book, you can simply flip through it - that will be enough. Works great with books on psychology, negotiations, marketing, etc.

Alas, reading David Flanagan's book “JavaScript” in this way. The Comprehensive Guide, 6th Edition" or ng-book is pointless and useless. There will be nothing left in your head, and time will be lost. In general, the speed reading technique for such books is more harmful than useful.

I once studied using the book “Learn Ruby the hard way” (when it was still free). Its main principle is that you need to retype 100 programs. Of course, some of them need to be improved, but the main thing is to reprint 100 listings. Errors are inevitable during the reprinting process. And in the process of finding and correcting errors, an understanding comes of what is actually being done in the program. A little later, I watched a course on Coursera about how to properly structure the process of my own learning, and gradually I formed my own algorithm for reading technical literature.

Algorithm for technical literature

It looks like this:

1. We formulate the problem that we want to solve after reading the book;
2. We begin to read slowly and carefully, reprinting each of the given listings;
3. Regularly - once every half hour or hour - we pause and remember what exactly we did the previous hour;
4. Finishing the next topic, we look at whether we have learned enough to solve the problem;
5. Slowly but surely we read to the end;
6. Let us remember once again what the book was about;
7. We write a program using as much as possible of what was in the book.

We formulate the problem that we want to solve after reading the book

Our brain is designed in such a way that it searches and retains information much better if it understands what and why it is looking. The tasks may vary, but the better you understand what you need, the more effective your reading will be.

The key word is “slowly” - there is no need to rush, especially if you don’t understand anything about this topic yet or don’t understand everything. The principle here is the same as with a book on ruby: manual labor generates errors -> errors generate tasks -> solving problems trains the brain and adds understanding.

Regularly - once every half hour or hour - we pause and remember what exactly we did the previous hour

Oddly enough, a pause of 5-10 minutes allows the brain to structure information, which means it is better to save it and retrieve it more quickly if needed.

Finishing the next topic, we look at whether we have learned enough to solve the problem

Slowly but surely we read to the end

Let's remember once again what the book was about

As you know, an algorithm is a rule for performing any actions or a series of specific operations with a precise indication of their sequence from beginning to end. The reading algorithm determines the sequence of mental actions when perceiving the main fragments of the text.

If you look closely, algorithms surround us everywhere. For example, upon entering the tram, we read the inscription: “Passengers are required to purchase tickets and proceed further into the carriage.” This inscription is nothing more than a two-block (buy a ticket + go through and don’t interfere) algorithm for the behavior of a person who, upon entering the tram, becomes a passenger. Is it rational to use this algorithm? Yes, because it streamlines the actions of all passengers. Traveling without a ticket promises trouble, and a crowd of passengers on the back platform creates inconvenience. But not all passengers strictly follow this algorithm; they deviate from it, without, however, reducing the effectiveness of their personal actions. Thus, a passenger with a monthly ticket does not linger at the ticket office, but immediately goes to the middle of the carriage. Such a passenger already has his own algorithm of action. Malicious free riders also have a special algorithm, but their algorithm, however, cannot be called effective.

We analyzed these simple examples in order to show the application of algorithmization rules in ordinary life situations.

What does the use of algorithms give in such a complex process as reading? The use of reading algorithms organizes this process and increases its efficiency. At the same time, the algorithms do not exclude their creative interpretation; they allow some changes depending on specific texts and the reading setting. Remember the five ways to read. Let's consider the integral reading algorithm. The word “integral" means that the action of the algorithm applies to the entire text as a whole. The use of an integral algorithm when reading was suggested by some features of the human brain, which we discussed above. Any text is a linguistic expression of the author’s intention. Texts are created by people, and people read these texts. This means that the basic linguistic patterns common between the author and the reader operate not only when creating texts, but also when reading them. This is pair communication in the same language.

It is also appropriate to recall here that a person generally pre-programs many mental actions, and not just reading. There is reason to believe that each reader has his own algorithms and reading programs. However, their effectiveness for most readers can be doubted, since one often observes examples of disorganized reading, when they read a book from the beginning, then from the end, then from the middle. Of course, such reading does not bring any benefit.

This is an example of an ineffective mental program or a failed algorithm. Is it possible to teach more organized work with a book? Yes, you can. This statement is based on the idea of ​​one of the popular theories in modern psychology, which is called set theory. Its founder is the famous Soviet psychologist D. N. Uznadze. A psychological attitude is a person’s readiness for a certain activity, to participate in a certain process, to react to a familiar stimulus or a known situation. The attitude contains a general past experience, an image of the situation and goals built on its basis, and a plan of action. If a stimulus is repeated many times and the reaction to it becomes automatic, the setting in this case is called fixed. It can become an unconscious factor in regulating behavior. You climb the stairs without looking at the steps; you have developed a fixed mindset that all the steps on the stairs are the same, and therefore there is nothing to look at them. But if at least one turns out to be of a different height, you may stumble. The installation phenomenon also manifests itself in a simple experiment, when a person is shown several times two balls of unequal volume. If he is then given two equal balls, he continues to claim that the balls are different in volume. An illusion arises, which is called the “illusion of the initial setting.” Even a temporary habit of seeing different balls “illuminates” the real situation.

You can find an interesting manifestation of the installation phenomenon in the subway. There are two escalators in front of you. One of them moves up and lifts passengers. The other escalator is stationary. Approach him and step onto his tape. Unusual sensations await you. As soon as you step on the escalator, you will stagger. What is the reason? Your perception is prepared for the sensation of movement. Unconsciously, your body forms coordination of movements that corresponds to the expected situation. And then suddenly - stillness. Mismatch causes a similar reaction of instability.

There are a large number of texts that confirm this feature of human perception - to see not what is shown, but out of habit, something else. Let's conduct an experiment. Let us recall the work of A. S. Pushkin “The Queen of Spades”. Let's choose two characters: Lisa and the Countess, who hid the secret of the three cards. Now attention! You must decide for yourself the question: who would you like to see now - a girl or an old woman. If you have made this choice, look at Fig. 4.

Rice. 4. Psychological test: girl or old lady

Who did you see? The authors of this book repeatedly conducted this experiment with students of speed reading courses and became convinced that most often the habitual, preferential desire to see a certain character predetermined the actual perception of the image. And the picture shows a test from a series of so-called paintings with competing images, where it is impossible to see two faces at the same time, but they are depicted there. And only after a long examination is it possible to see the second image, and from the first impression you see what you are in the mood for.

Researchers of attitude theory argue that through repeated repetitions, an attitude turns into a stable stereotype at the level of active automated activity. A person acquires a certain system of habits and skills, which he then easily uses automatically, without mental strain.

Observations have shown that when using the integral reading algorithm, a reading skill is formed, which provides for a certain sequence of rational actions in accordance with the blocks of the algorithm from the first to the last. A sample of the integral algorithm is shown in Fig. 5.

Rice. 5. Integral reading algorithm

First four blocks The algorithm does not require explanation. Fifth block- factual data - means extracting facts from the text and their semantic assimilation. Sixth and seventh blocks algorithms require taking into account the individual characteristics of the reader: his knowledge, experience, and purpose of reading. For example, what seems trivial to one reader, new to another, less experienced, and controversial to a critical reader. Thus, both of these blocks require the active participation of the reader in performing complex analytical-synthetic mental actions during the reading process.

How to practically use this algorithm? First of all, you need to remember all its blocks and imagine filling them with content. As you read the text, we recommend drawing the algorithm on a separate sheet of paper and placing it above your desk for better understanding. Indeed, how do we read? Some answer as they have to, but most people have never thought about it at all. Reading using an integral algorithm is an organized and purposeful process, during which the information being read is, as it were, selected from the text and compared with individual cells - blocks of the algorithm. In case of complete or partial compliance, the information seems to fit into them. The process of such reading can be compared to selecting goods in a supermarket. Imagine: you are carrying a cart with seven compartments in front of you and, in accordance with the note you have, you quickly select the desired product. Now let's say the note is lost. You painfully remember the items on order and wander aimlessly around the sales floor in the hope that, having seen the necessary items, you will remember what you need to buy. Most readers are like just such a buyer who has lost a note - this life-saving algorithm of mental actions.

The integral reading algorithm is the semantic foundation of the fast reading technique. As shown in previous sections of the book, the main idea of ​​speed reading is the implementation of more effective mental programs. In Fig. 6 are shown conditionally in comparison of the program of mental actions of two readers: on the left - a slow reader, on the right - a fast reader. As you can see, fast reading involves the use of clear and consistent programs of mental action. Reading as a chaotic, disorganized process becomes subordinate to a single program - an integral reading algorithm. Following the blocks of the algorithm, as it were, determines the steps of studying the text. At the same time, the integral reading algorithm significantly increases the activity of perception, and therefore the understanding and memorization of what is read.

Rice. 6. Two ways to read

Fast reading, in contrast to slow, passive contemplation of the text, forces the reader to actively invade the structure and content of the text, compare and evaluate various semantic blocks.

There is another significant argument in favor of using the algorithm. Modern structural linguistics claims that scientific and technical texts have redundancy, which sometimes reaches 75%. Almost only 25% of the text carries the main meaning for a particular reader and a given type of reading.

Among the huge amount of information that surrounds us in everyday life, most of it is redundant. As linguists note, the tendency towards verbosity and the presentation of simple phenomena in scientific terminology is not decreasing. The analysis of these phenomena was well done by Izvestia special correspondent V. Sukhachevsky. He's writing: “If a horse drinks from a bucket, how can you tell? You can, for example, say this: a horse drinks from a bucket. But it can be done differently. Well, at least this: a representative of the artiodactyl family, widespread in most geographical areas of the globe, carries out the process of satisfying the organic need for water by sucking moisture from a vessel having a diameter no smaller than the circumference of a horse’s muzzle. What's the best way to say it? That's the question. You can’t answer it without special scientific training. If the director of the research institute and his deputy have not come to a unified view on document flow and document flow density, if 200 researchers at the institute have been struggling with this problem for years, then how can a mere mortal understand everything?” And then he writes that “the paper avalanche is gaining strength. Recently, another document appeared - the brochure “A Manager’s Work with Documents”, which was released in 100,000 copies. She provides a number of extremely useful and necessary information. In the presentation they will lose their depth, so I will allow myself to regale the reader with some quotes. For example: “The process of working with documents consists of a number of operations that can be divided into technical (office work), logical and creative. Office work includes processing incoming documentation: opening envelopes, registering, printing a document, reading, moving a document, monitoring execution, signing an order, etc. Logical includes reading and familiarizing with the document, selecting the necessary information, analyzing and comparing data, making the necessary calculations, applying visas, etc. Creative operations, which reflect the specifics of a manager’s work, consist of determining the composition of the document’s executors, searching for alternative solutions, choosing the optimal solution, documenting the decision made, etc.” .

The above example shows text whose redundancy is close to 100%. Quick reading allows you to instantly see the “emptiness” of such texts that do not contain useful information. At the same time, as students of speed reading courses have repeatedly said, the system of algorithms disciplines the mind and forces one to express one’s thoughts simply, briefly, clearly, and easily when composing the texts of various documents.

The problem of text redundancy in our age of information explosion is really relevant and has been actively discussed in the press in recent years. However, we should not forget that redundancy is often useful. As experts rightly note, redundancy increases the reliability of message transmission, which is especially necessary for textbook texts.

The problem of redundancy is also discussed in fiction. An. Makarov quotes V. Kataev’s statement: “Melody is the basis of prose. When it disappears, when it leaves the author, the magic of verbal art evaporates, prose stops moving by itself. She is pushed and dragged only by the author’s little zeal. This is how unbearable “novels and poems that are measured in kilometers” are born. . You need to write shorter. This is the opinion of V. Kataev, who back in the early 30s. picky critics called him the best stylist.

So, you can master a radical means of extracting truly valuable information from the text that is useful to you. From now on you are not afraid of texts of any volume and density. The integrated reading algorithm equips your brain with a powerful and effective tool for extracting meaningful information from any text.

It's helpful to learn how to spot redundancy in text messages. We suggest you complete the next task.

There are a lot of ways, methods and techniques for developing speed reading. The integrated reading algorithm is no exception. In this article we will talk about the integral reading algorithm.

Integral reading algorithm

There is a so-called “integral reading algorithm,” in other words, a sequence of familiarization with the text.

1. Name.
2. Author.
3. Output.
4. Topic, table of contents.
5. Data.
6. Specific features (graphs, tables, pictures, etc.)
7. Novelty and the possibility of practical use of information.

The purpose of using such an algorithm is to extract from the text only that information that answers (fills out) the blocks of the algorithm.

So little time, so many good books. Sometimes it is sorely lacking even for planned activities, not to mention even books. And the reading process itself, although fascinating, also takes time. If you want to master popular and effective speed reading techniques that will help you literally “swallow” even the largest books, we offer several of them. given in the reference book, cannot state the main idea of ​​the text, cannot express his attitude to the text in the light, cannot apply e.

If a person, after reading the text, can

• highlight facts from the text and remember them,
• express criticism of the text,
• explain how the text he read corresponds to his internal understanding of the subject matter,
• paraphrase the main idea of ​​the text,
• provide facts from your own experience that complement the text,

Good textbooks always contain an introduction, a conclusion, conclusions, and test questions. This structure of presentation of the material allows you to check the assimilation of knowledge. The textbook writers are ready to spoon knowledge into your mouth.

When reading a text, it is very important to sort it out

1. Title of the article Author Imprint.
2. Problem.
3. Data.
4. Features of the presentation.
5. Questions to the author and criticism
6. Novelty and practical use

At the initial level of mastering the algorithm, points are usually skipped - the title of the book, the author, the output data. A beginner skips these points because he believes that it is not worth wasting energy on trifles, but rather spending time remembering the essence. Meaning and facts are what is important, they say.

The effect of speed reading largely depends on how familiar the reader is with the text or with the author of the text. Before reading, you tune in to the author’s tone (hurried, slow, fragmentary, colorful). These presets provide rich food for the reader's subconscious and allow you to quickly grasp the text.

We advise you not to shorten the algorithm by including the title and author of the text.

Seven blocks of the integral reading algorithm.

1. Title of the book, article

3. Source and its data

4. Problem

5. Factual data

6. Features of the material presented, criticism

7. The novelty of the material presented and the possibility of its use in practical work

Among the huge amount of information that surrounds us in everyday life, most of it is redundant. So, you can master a radical means of extracting truly valuable information from the text that is useful to you. From now on you are not afraid of texts of any volume and density. The integrated reading algorithm equips your brain with a powerful and effective tool for extracting meaningful information from any text. Working according to the algorithm, you will learn the technique of “contemplation - review” of the entire text at once. And you also need to know that in life there are examples of tools, clothing models, and writing styles. Every writer, when starting to write a work, has a specific goal. Different goals require different writing styles. When reading certain author styles, some relevant techniques are useful. If you learn to recognize the most common styles, you will significantly increase your reading capabilities. This remark has particular relevance to the genres of newspaper and historical materials. At the same time, you will now be able to freely navigate the content of any text, you will clearly see the difference between useful meaning and useless volume.

As we all know from the school curriculum, an algorithm is a sequence of any actions or operations with their description. Accordingly, a reading algorithm is a set of mental actions when perceiving a text. And since the action of this algorithm extends to the entire text, it is called integral.

If you look at it, our lives are full of algorithms. For example, if you came to the clinic, first go to the reception desk, get a card and a referral, and then go to the doctor’s office. Why not an algorithm for a patient? Its use is rational, because this is how the work of clinics is streamlined. If there were no such algorithm, confusion would inevitably arise.

It’s the same in reading: the use of an algorithm organizes this intellectual process and increases its efficiency. Of course, the integral reading algorithm may be slightly modified depending on the reader’s goals at a particular moment. But in any case, it helps the author and reader communicate as if in the same language.

Many people, meanwhile, have their own reading algorithms. Some people can read a book from the end, others from the middle. The effectiveness of such methods leaves much to be desired.

The integrated algorithm helps make working with the book more organized. And the reason lies in the peculiarities of human psychology. Scientists have long found out that if any attitude is repeated many times, it will turn into a stable stereotype, and the corresponding actions will be performed at the level of automaticity.

According to research, when using an integral reading algorithm, a person gradually develops a certain sequence of actions. The essence of this method is as follows. When we pick up a new text and want to read it, we must, as it were, fill in seven cells in a certain order. One after another. These are the cells, or rather, the blocks of the integral reading algorithm.

The first block is the name of the text.

The third block is the source and its data.

The fourth block is a problem.

The fifth block is factual data.

The sixth block – features of the material presented, criticism.

The seventh block is the novelty of the material presented and the possibilities of its use in practical work.

The first four blocks require no explanation. The fifth - factual data - involves extracting facts from the text and assimilating them. The sixth and seventh blocks - the features and novelty of the material - will be individual for each reader, depending on his knowledge, views, and experience. Information that may seem completely new to one person may have been known to another for a long time. These two blocks involve complex text analysis that everyone must carry out themselves.

Let's talk about the practical use of the algorithm. First you need to remember all its blocks, imagine the content of each of them. It’s even better to draw the algorithm on a separate sheet of paper, for example, in the form of a flowchart, and place it above your desktop - in the same place where you have the first rule of quick reading - “read without regressions”. If you think about it, many people never learn the information provided by one or another block of the algorithm. But these are the key points in understanding the text. For example, do you remember the authors of the books you read recently? Surely there will be those who will answer negatively.

While reading using the integral algorithm, we seem to take out the most important information from the text and put it in the appropriate cells. This allows you to turn reading into an organized process and achieve the main goal - a high-quality understanding of what you read.

Reading without an algorithm is about the same as going to the supermarket and forgetting the list of necessary products at home. You wander around a huge store and approach all the shelves in the hope that you will see the items you need and remember that they need to be put in the basket.

The integral reading algorithm is the basis for speed reading. The reader is forced to actively intervene in the text, analyze it and highlight the necessary information. In addition, studies by linguists prove that text redundancy often reaches 75 percent. Think about it: only a quarter of the text carries the main meaning. This phenomenon is perfectly illustrated by journalist and special correspondent of Izvestia Sukhachevsky: “If a horse drinks from a bucket, how can you tell about it? You can, for example, say this: a horse drinks from a bucket. But it can be done differently. Well, at least this: a representative of the artiodactyl family, widespread in most geographical areas of the globe, carries out the process of satisfying the organic need for water by sucking moisture from a vessel having a diameter no smaller than the circumference of a horse’s muzzle.”

In this example, the text redundancy approaches 100 percent. And this trend is characteristic of modern times. And thanks to quick reading, all the “water” in the text that does not contain any useful information can be quickly removed. And what is important is that the system of algorithms disciplines, teaches you to express your thoughts simply, briefly and clearly.

So, now you know what blocks the integral algorithm contains and what it is needed for. It's time to move on to exercises that will allow you not only to consolidate this knowledge, but also to learn how to use it.

Exercise 1. Create a visual image of an integral reading algorithm

This technique will facilitate the process of remembering the sequence of actions when reading. It is important to draw it manually in duplicate. As you may have guessed, one of them will add to our collection above the desktop, and the second is best to always carry with you.

Which drawing to choose depends on the characteristics of your imagination. Perhaps the image of a regular hexagon will suit you, in the corners of which the first six blocks of the algorithm will be located, and in the center - the seventh. These could well be the floors of a building, a pyramid, a matryoshka doll - anything to make it easier for you to remember the blocks, and then “fill” them with content each time you read.

Try to visualize your drawing regularly. It is important that when you close your eyes, you can clearly see the algorithm. If you imagine it, the drawn image will gradually be erased, but the very habit of highlighting the necessary information in the text will be fixed. And this is what we are trying to achieve.

Exercise 2. Reading using the integral algorithm

So, you have mastered the algorithm. This means that your brain forms a different reading program, a sequence of mental operations. The reading task takes on absolutely clear outlines: to find in the text answers to all the questions contained in the blocks of the integral algorithm. After repeated training in such reading, you will be surprised to find that the necessary facts, dates, names emerge in your memory by themselves.

At the same time, the fight against regressions becomes even easier. After all, if we read according to an algorithm, we are sure that we will learn the necessary information even after just one reading. The number of recurrent eye movements decreases and gradually disappears altogether. During this period of training, you need to fix the second rule of fast reading - read any text according to the algorithm.

How to do this practically? Before you take on the text, you need to visually imagine all the blocks of the integral algorithm. First of all, the title, author, and output data of the source. Having “filled out” these blocks, we begin to read. In the process, we find out what problem is being discussed in the text and “add” this data into the fourth cell. We “collect” the actual data in the fifth cell. Next up is the sixth block, the features of the material presented. For example, we read an advertising article about a laptop. A description of its fundamental technical characteristics will be the material for the sixth block. Here you should also note criticism, that is, your agreement or disagreement with the author - perhaps you think that another laptop has the same technical characteristics. And after reading, all that remains is to analyze what new things you learned from the text that you can apply in practice? And fill in the last, seventh block.

It would seem that that's all. But not for speed reading. It is necessary to visualize the algorithm once again and understand whether there is sufficient information in all blocks. Only after we are convinced of this can the reading be considered complete.

A detailed description of reading using the algorithm shows why fast readers also learn what they read better than slow readers.

Exercise 3. Training

To train, do the following regularly for two to three weeks.

Every day, slowly read a couple of interesting articles in the newspaper, while holding a piece of paper with a drawing of the algorithm in front of you. In the process, “collect” information into cells. After finishing reading, close your eyes and mentally check the completion of all blocks of the algorithm.

Every day, read one or two such articles as quickly as possible, do not look at the drawing of the algorithm, but imagine it. Retell the content of the text in accordance with the algorithm.