AN UNUSUAL STORY

Yarochka Ozernaya, 6 years old

One spring, early in the morning, when the sun had just woken up, an amazing story happened to my grandfather Vanya. It was like that.

Grandfather Vanya went to the forest to pick mushrooms.

He walks slowly, hums a song under his breath, and looks for mushrooms under the Christmas trees with a stick. Suddenly he sees a hedgehog sitting on a stump and crying bitterly. The hedgehog's leg was broken and hurt. Grandfather took pity on the hedgehog, wrapped his leg, and treated him to a sweet candy. Grandfather loved candy very much, because he had no teeth and could not chew real candy. The hedgehog really liked his grandfather's lollipops. He thanked him and ran to his children.

But a few days later, the hedgehog and his sons brought grandfather many, many mushrooms on his back and asked to live with his grandfather under the house with his whole family. They all ate sugar mushrooms together and sucked delicious lollipops.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS

If you had a hedgehog at home, what would you treat it to?
Why did the hedgehog want to live with his grandfather?
Have you ever seen a hedgehog? What is the character of this forest animal?
What forest gifts can be used to make sweets? Come up with several recipes for forest candies and draw them.
o All children are little hedgehogs. Each hedgehog must tell how and how he will help his grandfather.

GLADE OF FAIRIES

Lilya Pomytkina, 7 years old, Kiev

There lived little fairies in a flower meadow. They lived together and loved to help people, especially children.

One day a little girl came to a flower meadow. She cried bitterly because her finger was cut. She didn't notice anyone or anything except pain. Then the fairies surrounded her in a tight ring and waved their wings in unison. The girl felt relieved and stopped crying. The fairies asked the sun's rays to quickly dry the girl's tears, and she began to listen to everything around her. She heard flowers smell, insects buzz and birds sing. And the fairies whispered to her that the world around her was beautiful, that the wound on her finger would soon heal, and that she should not be too upset.

One little fairy brought a tiny plantain leaf and put it on the wound. Another asked the ladybug to play the game "Rain or Bucket" with the girl. And the third one called the breeze to smooth the girl’s disheveled hair.

And the girl felt so good that she began to smile and play with the fairies. After that, the girl always came to the fairy clearing if she felt bad.

When she grew up big, she did not forget the clearing with fairies and in difficult times she always called the little fairies for help.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS

How would you help the girl if you were the fairies?
Give the children cards with the names of different qualities. Children must figure out how the fairies taught someone this or that quality.
Remember some difficult situation from your life and think about how different fairy tale characters could help you in this situation, for example: fairies, breeze, sun rays, etc.
Imagine that the good fairies invited you to a festival of forest fairies. Draw this holiday and tell us about it.

B ASHMACHKI

Olya Makarova, 8 years old

Once upon a time there was a boy Kolya. He had new shoes. But his shoes lived very poorly. Kolya didn’t take care of them: he didn’t wash them, didn’t clean them, and threw them away anywhere. The shoes didn’t know what to do. Then they decided to take Kolya to a shoe factory so that he could see how much work needed to be done to sew such wonderful shoes. The next day, the shoes took Kolya to the factory so that he could see how shoes emerged from a piece of leather. The factory was huge, and Kolya was surprised at how many craftsmen and machines it took to sew shoes. Then an important woman approached them. She said hello and asked the shoes how they were doing and whether Kolya was taking care of them. The shoes sighed sadly, but remained silent. They didn't want to complain about their master. Kolya felt very ashamed, and he said thanks to the important woman for her work.
Since then, Kolya has always taken care of his shoes, because he saw how much work it takes to sew such shoes.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS

How will Kolya take care of his shoes after this incident?
Tell us how you take care of your shoes.
What qualities should the owner have to make his shoes happy in life?
Talk to your favorite shoe and then tell everyone what it told you about.
How can shoes thank a person for his care? Come up with and draw a fairy tale about how your shoes took care of you.
Discuss with your children how to care for shoes at different times of the year and in different weather.

P AUCHOCK

Vnuchkova Dana, 8 years old

Once upon a time there lived a little spider. He was completely alone and was very sad that he had no friends. One day he decided to go and find some friends. It was spring, the sun was warm, and dew glistened on the grass. Two moths were flying over a green meadow. One is white and the other is red. They saw a little spider, and a white moth asked him:
- Why are you so sad?

Because I have no friends,” answered the spider.

But moths and spiders are not friends, because spiders cannot fly, said the white moth.

And the red moth said:
- Let’s be friends with you, I’ll teach you to fly.

The spider was very happy and agreed. Since then they became friends and flew over the meadow together. A moth on wings, and a spider in a balloon made of cobwebs.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS

Imagine that you and a spider are traveling above the earth in a balloon made of cobwebs. Draw your journey and tell us about it.
Tell me about a friend who taught you something.
What can a spider teach moths?
Give the children cards with drawings of different insects. Each person, on behalf of his own insect, must tell what he can teach some other insect. For example: what an ant can teach an earthworm, a butterfly can teach an ant, etc. Then the children draw how the different insects taught each other.
Divide the children into groups of three. One child in the group is a spider, the other two are moths. Children should come up with short dramatizations about the friendship of a moth and spiders.

GOLDEN DROPS

Yana Dankova, 8 years old

It was a sunny day. The sun was shining brightly. There were droplets of dew on the bush, like gold. Then I went up to the bush and wanted to take them. As soon as I touched it, everything disappeared. And I was very sad, but the sun saw that I was crying and whispered to me: “Don’t cry. Everything will be fine, just don’t cry.” When I heard these words, I was so happy that I wanted to jump and sing songs. And suddenly I saw the same drops of dew on the bush. I went to the bush, sat on a pebble and looked at the golden drops.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS

How would you calm a girl down if she were the sun?
Has the sun ever calmed you down? Tell and draw how the sun helped you in different situations.
Imagine that the sun gave the girl magical drops of dew. Each drop could fulfill one of her wishes. Draw the girl's wishes fulfilled. Based on each other’s drawings, the children tell what wishes the droplets fulfilled and how.

WILLOW AND ITS LEAVES

Sasha Timchenko, 8 years old

I was walking through the park and saw a flock of leaves. They fell to the ground. Willow began to feel sad. And the leaves that fell from it also became sad. But when they fell to the ground, they wrote a sentence: “Dear willow, you loved us, and we love you too.”

QUESTIONS AND TASKS

Give the children cards with drawings of leaves of different trees and ask them, on behalf of these leaves, to thank the tree for taking care of them.
You can give children cards with drawings of different trees and ask them to say goodbye to their leaves on behalf of these trees.
Come up with and draw a fairy tale about how a flock of leaves decided to travel to the southern countries together with migratory birds.

TALE OF FLOWERS

Naumenko Regina, 9 years old

Once upon a time there lived a girl whose name was Nadezhda. Hope was as beautiful as a rose. Her face was white, with pink cheeks, and emerald eyes. But her character was very prickly. She often stabbed people with her ridicule like thorns. One day Nadezhda fell in love with a very handsome young man. She never stabbed him and spoke to him kindly. But it so happened that her beloved young man forgot about her and did not want to come to her anymore. Nadezhda was very sad, but did not want to say anything bad about the young man. The girlfriends persuaded Nadezhda to inject the young man. They spoke:
- Since he has forgotten you, prick him with your thorns.

“I love him and don’t want to harm him,” Nadezhda answered.

But Nadezhda could not live without her beloved. Then she pricked herself, her red blood spilled, and Nadezhda turned into a wonderful red rose.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS

Children are given cards with pictures of different colors. Each child takes turns naming one quality with which he associates this flower. Then the children draw a magical bouquet of those flowers that will teach a person certain qualities.
Draw roses of Faith, Love, Happiness, Joy, Peace, etc., and talk about how these roses helped people.
Do you think that if Nadezhda’s beloved had not left her, her character would have changed?
Draw Nadezhda and her beloved in the form of certain flowers.

KIND HEART

Perky Mariyka, 9 years old

There lived in this world a pretty little girl. She was very beautiful, with white hair, blue eyes and a kind, gentle heart. One day, mommy went to work and took her daughter to a neighbor so she could look after her.

The neighbor was a single woman and had no children. She treated the girl to cookies and went for a walk with her. The neighbor held the girl’s hand and boasted to everyone passing by how beautiful her daughter was. The girl never deceived anyone and did not like it when others deceive. She realized that their neighbor would really like to have a daughter. And after the walk, when her mother came home, the girl told her everything.

Mom thought for a long time and came up with an idea. She baked a huge, delicious pie and invited her neighbor. A neighbor came and was very happy about the pie and such nice people. They sat and talked for a long time, drank tea, ate pie. And when the neighbor decided to leave, the girl gave her a fluffy white puppy. The puppy squeaked and licked its new owner right on the nose. The neighbor burst into tears of happiness. And since then they always walked together - the neighbor with her puppy and the girl with her mother.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS

Come up with a recipe for a pie that mom and her daughter baked and draw it.
What was the girl's mother like? What would you do in her place after the girl told you about her neighbor’s deception?
Think of a fun game that a mother and daughter, a neighbor and a puppy played in the park.
Draw kind hearts for the girl’s mother and her daughter.

BABUSHKIN DUBOCHEK

Misha Kozhan, 8 years old

My grandmother lived in a big city. She loved nature so much that she planted an oak tree under her window. He was so small that he could not support the weight of a titmouse if she sat on his branch. Grandmother took care of her little oak tree and said hello to it every morning, looking out of the window. And my grandmother had a little grandson who often came to visit her. Together they went to their oak tree and looked after it. Then they sat side by side, and the grandmother read fairy tales to her grandson. Every summer they took pictures near the oak tree, and then rejoiced watching how the baby and the tree grew. The oak tree had many new branches, and it no longer bent under the weight of the birds.

Dubochek always looked forward to his grandson coming to visit his grandmother. He loved to listen to his grandmother's fairy tales with him and then retold them to his friends: the birds, the sun, the wind and the rain. One day, the grandson came to his grandmother, but they did not go to the oak tree and did not even greet him. The oak tree waited and waited, but it never came. Then he asked the sparrow to look out the window and find out what was the matter. Sparrow flew in upset and said that his friend was lying in bed, he had a high temperature and a sore throat. Dubochek became very alarmed and called all his friends for help.

Raindrops gave the boy a drink of living spring water, the sun's rays warmed his neck, the breeze cooled his hot forehead, and the birds sang such a wonderful song that he immediately felt happy. And the disease subsided.

“Thank you, oak tree, for your help,” the boy said to his friend the next day.

Soon the boy went to school. Both of them grew up and became beautiful, to the delight of their grandmother. The boy listened to fairy tales and thought that when they both grew up and became big, he would come to the oak tree with his children and also read fairy tales to them under the wide, dense foliage of the oak tree. This thought made my soul feel warm and calm.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS

Come up with and draw a fairy tale that your grandmother told her grandson and little oak tree.
Draw a tree with which you are friends or dream of becoming friends, and tell about it.
Divide the children into groups and ask them to come up with and draw different situations when the oak tree and the boy will come to each other’s aid.
Give the children cards with drawings of different inhabitants of the earth - trees, flowers, animals, birds, etc. Children must, on behalf of those who received them on the cards, tell what and how they would help the boy recover.

SNOWFLAKES UNDER THE CHERRY TREE

Nastya Zaitseva, 8 years old

The enchanted garden sleeps in winter silence. Fluffy snowflakes sleep peacefully under the spreading branches of a cherry tree. The snowflakes had an interesting dream. It’s as if they are circling around the cherry, and the cherry says to them: “You are so funny, my beloved children,” and then strokes them and hugs them. The fluffy snowflakes felt the gentle warmth and instantly woke up. They were sad because they were not children of the cherry, but the cherry consoles them: “Don’t be sad. When the sun warms you, you will become droplets and happily roll down to my roots.”

That's how it all happened. The souls of the fluffy snowflakes fell in love with their kind comforter. In the spring they rolled down to her roots and became her real children: some a leaf, some a flower and a cherry. The dream of the fluffy snowflakes has come true.

GREEN CHERRY

Nastya Zaitseva, 8 years old

All the cherries were ripe, only one berry remained green and small. She saw a beautiful red berry next to her and said to her:
- Let's be friends.

Red Cherry looked at her and replied:
- I don’t want to be friends with you. I am so beautiful and red, and you are green.

The green cherry saw a large cherry and said to it:
- Let's be friends.

“I won’t be friends with you, you’re small, and I’m big,” answered the large cherry.

The little cherry wanted to make friends with the ripe berry, but she didn’t want to be friends with it either. So the little cherry remained without friends.

One day, all the cherries were picked from the tree, only the green ones remained. Time passed and she matured. There was not a single berry on any tree, and when the children found a cherry, they were very happy. They divided it among everyone and ate it. And this cherry turned out to be the most delicious.

THE BIRTH OF A SNOWFLAKE

Nastya Zaitseva, 8 years old

Once upon a time there was Winter. On New Year's Eve, her daughter was born. Winter didn't know what to call her. She told everyone about the birth of the winter baby and asked what name to give her, but no one could come up with a name.

Winter became sad and went to Santa Claus to ask for help. And he answers: “I can’t help. I don’t have time, I’m preparing for the New Year.”

Meanwhile, my daughter came running to her mother Zima and said:
- The wind is very kind. He helps everyone. I told him that I wanted to learn to dance, and he taught me. Look, - and she began to dance.

Daughter, you dance very beautifully,” Winter praised her daughter.

Mom, why are you so sad? Probably tired, preparing for the New Year?

No, I just have a lot to do,” my mother answered, “and you run and play.”

Winter told him about everything, and the Wind invited her to fly and ask Snow what to name her daughter.

They flew to the Snow, and Winter said:
- Brother Snow, you probably know that I had a daughter?

I know, because I do not appear on earth on my own, but thanks to your daughter. She helps me.

Help me come up with a name for my daughter,” Winter asked.

I know what name to give her - Snowflake. On my behalf - Snow.

That’s how they named Winter’s daughter Snowflake. And they all cheerfully celebrated the New Year together.

QUESTIONS AND TASKS

Come up with your own names for the different seasons and explain why you named them that way.
What would you name a snowflake if you didn't know its name?
What other children does Mother Winter have, and what are their names? (Blizzard, ice, frost, Snow Maiden, etc.) Draw winter gifts that different children of Winter will prepare for people. Based on each other's drawings, children guess which winter children gave people certain gifts.
What things should Mother Winter do for the New Year? Draw the most important winter tasks.

Come up with the plot of an everyday fairy tale.

We are writing a social fairy tale

List which character traits you dislike most. Opposite each quality or group of qualities and character traits, draw and write down a portrait of a person whose appearance corresponds to this quality or character trait (use epithets, comparisons, hyperboles in the portrait).

For example.

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived two brothers: one was Zhadka (he was very greedy), and the other was Shchedrotka (he gave everything he had to people).

(Include a portrait of the brothers in the fairy tale.)

Continue the story by answering the questions:

How did others treat the brothers? (use antithesis, choose antonyms: loved - hated, respected - despised, came to visit - walked around, etc.)

What could happen to Zhadka's wealth? (Options: fire, flood from a terrible downpour, hurricane, attack by thieves).

How did people repay Shchedrotka for his generosity and kindness?

How did people punish Zhadka?

How do you think the fairy tale should end if good in it must defeat evil? Should Zhadka change?

Did the brothers begin to live amicably and make good and share with people?

Title the story.

• Find the features of this genre in the everyday fairy tale you wrote using questions, underline them and sign them.

• Write an everyday fairy tale yourself. Make illustrations.

And now the fun begins. Come up with and write down any fantastic events. But remember, they must be based on real incidents.

And if aliens act in your fairy tale, they should still look like people, since the subject of depiction in literature is always a person’s life, his relationships with other people, with the authorities, with society, with the outside world.

• Now try to write a fairy tale.

Use these tips:

In a fairy tale, you can talk about the transformations of heroes, resurrection from the dead, endow animals with human speech, invent images of fantastic creatures, or use images of heroes known to you from myths, legends, superstitions and beliefs.

Remember that in fairy tales there may be a magical assistant to the main character.

The plot often uses triplicate repetition.

The hero in a fairy tale goes through a series of tests and receives an award for courage, bravery, kindness, ingenuity, and hard work. And the evil, selfish ones receive punishment.

You can use the image of a path-path, which plays the role of a person’s destiny.

The strength of the hero, his helpers and his enemies can be exaggerated.

Remember, a fairy tale must have a happy ending.

Don't invent too many heroes. It will be difficult for you to connect their actions into one plot.

Follow the usual composition and essential elements of a fairy tale: a fairytale beginning, repetitions, fantastic events, sayings, jokes, folk epithets (beautiful maiden, good fellow, dark forest, high mountains, dark forests, blue sea, silk grass, red sun, etc. ), a fairytale ending.

When describing characters and events, try to express your attitude to what is happening.

Having analyzed the structure of a folk tale, and especially carefully its Russian version (which is largely part of the Indo-European heritage, to which German and Italian fairy tales also belong), V.Ya. Propp formulated the following three principles:

The constant, stable elements of a fairy tale are the functions of the characters, regardless of who and how they are performed.

The number of functions known to a fairy tale is limited.

The sequence of functions is always the same.

According to Propp's system, there are thirty-one of these functions, and if we take into account that internally they still vary and are modified, then the material is quite sufficient to describe the form of a fairy tale. Here she is:

1. Absence of a family member.

Parents go to work. “The prince had to go on a long journey, leave his wife in someone else’s arms.” “He (the merchant) somehow leaves for foreign countries.” Forms of absence are common: to work, to the forest, to trade, to war, “on business.”

An intensified form of absence is the death of the parents.

Sometimes people of the younger generation are absent. They go or go to visit, fish, walk, pick berries.

“You couldn’t look into that closet.” "Take care of your brother, don't leave the yard." “If Baba Yaga comes, don’t say anything, be silent.” “The prince persuaded her a lot, commanded her not to leave the high tower,” etc.

3. Violation of the ban.

The forms of violation correspond to the forms of prohibition, functions 2 and 3 constitute a paired element.

4. Scouting.

A new face now enters the fairy tale, which can be called the hero’s antagonist (pest). His role is to disturb the peace of a happy family, cause some kind of misfortune, cause harm, damage. The hero’s opponent can be a snake, a devil, robbers, a witch, a stepmother, etc. The purpose of scouting is to find out the whereabouts of children, sometimes precious objects, etc. Bear: “Who will tell me about the royal children, where did they go?” Clerk: “Where do you get these semi-precious stones?”

5. Issue.

The antagonist receives a direct answer to his question.

6. The catch.

An antagonist or pest takes on someone else's appearance. The serpent turns into a golden goat, a beautiful youth. The witch pretends to be a “cordial old woman” and imitates her mother’s voice. The thief pretends to be a beggar.

Then comes the function itself. The witch offers to accept the ring, the godfather offers to take a steam bath, the witch offers to take off the dress and swim in the pond. The stepmother gives her stepson poisoned cakes. She sticks a magic pin into his clothes. The evil sisters line the window through which Finist must fly in with knives and points.

7. Unwitting complicity.

The hero agrees to all the persuasion of the antagonist, i.e. takes the ring, goes to steam, swim, etc. It can be noted that prohibitions are always violated, deceptive proposals, on the contrary, are always accepted and implemented.

8. Sabotage (or shortage).

This function is extremely important, since it actually creates the movement of the fairy tale.

The antagonist kidnaps a person. He steals or takes away a magical remedy. He plunders or spoils the crops. Causes bodily harm. It causes sudden disappearance. He drives someone out. He orders someone to be thrown into the sea. He bewitches someone or something. He makes a substitution. He orders to kill. He commits murder. He kidnaps a person. He declares war, etc. and so on. It should be noted here that the pest often causes two or three damages at once.

9. Mediation.

Trouble or shortage is reported, the hero is approached with a request or order, sent away or released.

10. Beginning opposition.

The hero agrees or decides to resist. "Let us find your princesses."

11. The hero leaves the house.

The dispatches of hero-seekers and heroes-victims are different. The first have the goal of searching, the second open the beginning of that path without searching, on which various adventures await the hero. You need to keep in mind the following: if a girl is kidnapped and a seeker goes after her, then two people leave the house. But the path that the story follows, the path on which the action is built, is the path of the seeker. If, for example, a girl is expelled and there is no seeker, then the narrative follows the departure and adventures of the injured hero.

12. The donor tests the hero.

The hero meets a magical donor. The hero is tested, interrogated, attacked, etc., which prepares for him to receive a magical remedy or assistant. Yaga gives the girl homework. The forest heroes offer the hero to serve for three years. A dying or deceased person asks for a favor. The hero is approached with a request for mercy, etc.

13. The hero reacts to the actions of the future donor.

The hero passes (or fails) the test. The hero answers (does not answer) the greeting. He provides (does not provide) a service to the deceased. He releases the prisoner. He spares the one who asks, etc.

14. Receiving a magic remedy.

The following can serve as magical means: 1) animals (horse, eagle, etc.); 2) objects that serve as magical helpers (a flint with a horse, a ring with fellows); 3) objects that have magical properties, such as clubs, swords, harps, balls and many others; 4) qualities bestowed directly, such as strength, the ability to turn into animals, etc.

15. The hero is transported, delivered or brought to the location of the subject of the search.

He's flying through the air. On a horse, on a bird, in the form of a bird, on a flying ship, on a flying carpet, on the back of a giant or spirit, a devil in a carriage, etc. Flight on a bird is sometimes accompanied by a detail: it needs to be fed along the way, the hero takes a bull with him, etc. He rides on land or water. On horseback or on a wolf. On the ship. The armless man carries the legless man. A cat swims across a river on the back of a dog. The ball points the way. The fox leads the hero to the princess, etc.

16. The hero and antagonist enter into a fight.

They fight in an open field. This primarily includes a fight with a snake or with Miracle Yuda, etc., as well as a fight with an enemy army, with a hero, etc. They enter into a competition. The hero, using cunning, wins. The Gypsy puts the Snake to flight by squeezing out a piece of cottage cheese instead of a stone, passing off a blow of a club to the back of the head as a whistle, etc.

17. The hero is marked.

The hero receives a wound during the battle. The princess wakes him up before the fight by stabbing him in the cheek with a knife. The princess marks the hero on the forehead with a ring. She kisses him, causing a star to light up on his forehead. The hero receives a ring or a towel. We have a combination of two forms when a hero is wounded in battle and the wound is bandaged with a handkerchief of a princess or king.

18. The antagonist is defeated.

He is defeated in open combat. He is defeated by competition. He loses at cards. He loses at the weigh-in. He is killed without a preliminary fight (the Snake is killed while sleeping). He is directly expelled, etc.

19. The trouble or shortage is eliminated.

This function forms a pair with sabotage. With this function the story reaches its peak.

20. Return of the hero.

The return is usually carried out in the same forms as the arrival.

21. The hero is persecuted.

The pursuer flies after the hero. The snake catches up with Ivan, the witch flies after the boy, and the geese fly after the girl. He pursues the hero, quickly turning into various animals, etc. The sorcerer pursues the hero in the form of a wolf, pike, man, rooster. The pursuers (Snake's wives, etc.) turn into tempting objects and stand in the way of the hero. “I’ll run ahead and let him have a hot day, and I myself will become a green meadow: in this green meadow I will turn into a well, in this well a silver cup will float... Then he will tear them apart, poppy seed by grain.”

22. The hero escapes persecution.

The hero runs, and during his flight he puts obstacles in the way of his pursuer. He throws down the brush, comb, and towel. They turn into mountains, forests, lakes. Vertogor and Vertodub turn up mountains and oaks and place them in the path of the Snake. While fleeing, the hero turns to objects that make him unrecognizable. The princess turns herself and the prince into a well and a ladle, into a church and a priest. The hero hides while fleeing. A river, an apple tree, and a stove hide a girl.

Many fairy tales end with salvation from persecution. The hero arrives home, then, if the girl has been obtained, he marries. But this does not always happen. The fairy tale forces the hero to experience a new misfortune. His enemy appears again, Ivan’s booty is stolen, he himself is killed, etc. In a word, the initial sabotage is repeated, sometimes in the same forms as at the beginning, sometimes in others, new for this tale. This marks the beginning of a new story. There are no specific forms of repeated sabotage, i.e. we again have kidnapping, bewitchment, murder, etc. But there are specific pests for this new scourge. These are Ivan's older brothers. Shortly before arriving home, they take the loot from Ivan, sometimes killing him himself. If they leave him alive, then in order for a new quest to be created, it is necessary again to somehow lay a huge spatial line between the hero and the subject of his quest. This is achieved by throwing Ivan into the abyss (into a hole, into the underground kingdom, sometimes into the sea), where he sometimes flies for three whole days. Then everything is repeated all over again, i.e. again a chance meeting with a donor, a test passed or a service rendered, etc., receiving a magical remedy and using it to return home to one’s kingdom. From this moment on, the development is different than at the beginning. This phenomenon means that many tales consist of two rows of functions, which can be called moves. A new misfortune creates a new move, and thus sometimes a whole series of fairy tales are combined into one story. However, the development that will be outlined below, although it creates a new move, is a continuation of this tale.

23. The hero arrives home or to another country unrecognized.

24. A false hero makes unreasonable claims.

25. The hero is offered a difficult task.

26. The problem is being solved.

27. The hero is recognized.

28. The false hero or antagonist is exposed.

29. The hero is given a new look.

30. The enemy is punished.

31. The hero gets married.

Of course, not all fairy tales have all the functions; the strict sequence of functions may be violated, jumps, additions, and synthesis are possible, but this does not contradict the main course. A fairy tale can begin with the first function, with the seventh or with the twelfth, but - if, of course, the fairy tale is old enough - it is unlikely that it will go back and restore the missing pieces.

This is where we will finish our observations on “Proppian functions”; We will only advise those who have the desire to practice and compare the given list with the plot of any adventure film; It’s amazing how many coincidences will be revealed and how almost exactly the same order will be observed: this is what the tradition of the fairy tale means, how imperishable it is, how eternally it lives in our culture. Many adventure books follow the same outline.

We are interested in these functions because on their basis we can build an infinite number of stories, just as we can compose as many melodies as we want with twelve notes (not counting quarter tones, that is, remaining within the strictly limited sound system of the pre-electronic music period accepted in the West) .

At our seminar in Reggio Emilia, in order to test the “Proppian functions” for productivity, we arbitrarily reduced them to twenty, omitting some, and replacing others with the same number of fairy-tale themes. Two of our artist friends made twenty playing cards, each of which had a short name for the corresponding function and a drawing - conventional or cartoonish, but always very accurate:

1. Order or prohibition. 2. Violation. 3. Damage or shortage. 4. Departure of the hero. 5. Task. 6. Meeting with the donor. 7. Magic gifts. 8. The appearance of the hero. 9. Supernatural properties of the antagonist. 10. Fight. 11. Victory. 12. Return. 13. Arrival home. 14. False hero. 15. Difficult tests. 16. The trouble is eliminated. 17. Recognizing the hero. 18. The false hero is exposed. 19. Punishment of the antagonist. 20. Wedding.

The group then began to work on coming up with a story, structured according to the “Propp series” system, from twenty “Propp cards”. I must say, it was a joyful affair, with a noticeable slant towards parody.

I saw that with the help of these “cards” it doesn’t cost children anything to compose a fairy tale, because each word in the series (denoting a function or a fairy-tale theme) is rich in fairy-tale material and can be easily varied. I remember how the “ban” was once interpreted in a peculiar way: when leaving home, my father forbade the children to throw pots of flowers from the balcony onto the heads of passers-by...

When it came to “difficult trials,” someone did not fail to suggest that the hero go to the cemetery at midnight: until a certain age, a child considers this the height of courage - nothing could be more terrible.

But the guys also love to shuffle cards and come up with their own rules; for example, build a story on three cards drawn at random, or start composing from the end, or divide the deck in half and act in two groups, competing to see who can come up with the most interesting story. It happens that a single card makes you think of a fairy tale. Thus, a card depicting “magical gifts” was enough for one fourth grade student to come up with a story about a pen that does its homework on its own.

Anyone can make a deck of “Propp cards” - twenty pieces or thirty-one, or even fifty, as anyone pleases: just write the names of functions or fairy-tale themes on the cards; You can do without illustrations.

Some people make the mistake of believing that this game resembles a puzzle, where you are given twenty (or a thousand) pieces of some pattern with the task of restoring this mosaic pattern. As has already been said, Propp's maps make it possible to create an infinite number of completed drawings, because each individual element is ambiguous, each lends itself to multiple interpretations..."

How else can old fairy tales help us in composing new magical stories? These are the methods Gianni Rodari offers us in “The Grammar of Fantasy”.

- “Twisting” of an old fairy tale (for example, Little Red Riding Hood calls the police for help and chases the Wolf on a motorcycle; Cinderella goes to the royal ball, but arrives in another kingdom).

Fairy tales “inside out” (for example, Boy-Thumb does not run away from the Ogre, but becomes his friend, teaches him to eat porridge; Snow White met not seven dwarves, but seven giants).

Continuation of the old fairy tale: what happened next?

A mixture of fairy tales (for example, Pinocchio helps Cinderella with housework and goes with her to the ball; Sleeping Beauty is warned about the machinations of the evil witch Thumbelina).

Transferring the characters and plot of an old fairy tale to another time and place (for example, Hans the Pied Piper with his magic pipe, the sounds of which fascinate rats, in a modern city also “hypnotizes” all the cars and takes them underground with him).

And this, of course, is not all that can be thought of.

Everyday tales often tell us about the difficulties of family life. So in our fairy tale, a hitch happened in the family life of the old man and the old woman. We need to correct the situation. But as? But first, let's read a fairy tale.

Fairy tale “How the old woman learned to lie”

The old man and the old woman’s children grew up, went home, and the old people became bored. The old woman thought and thought about how to drive boredom out of the house, and she came up with an idea - she began to lie. At first to myself – it didn’t get any more fun. Then she started lying to the old man.

“Listen, old man, we don’t have flour, we don’t have any flour to cook pancakes, or make shanga, or bake bread.”

Grandfather comes to the barn - there is a bag of flour.

“I didn’t see it, I guess I’m old,” he thought.

He didn’t know that the old woman had started the game - she began to lie out of boredom. The old man said nothing to the old woman.

Some time passes. The old woman hid behind the stove and said:

“Everyone’s old people are like old people, but mine looks like a fool.”

Grandfather boiled.

- Are you old, have you eaten too much henbane?

And the old woman laughs quietly behind the stove - that’s how she’s having fun.

A little more time passed. The old woman says:

- Go, old man, to the devil, ask him for precious stones.

The old man realized then that the old woman had decided to fool him, and said to her:

“Are you so old that you decided to kill me?”

And he came up with the idea of ​​punishing the old woman.

“You liar, I won’t talk to you for seven days.”

And for an old woman to remain silent is worse than a bitter radish. The old one's tongue is itching. There's nothing to do. You will have to remain silent.

That’s the end of the fairy tale, and whoever listened did well, and whoever learned something useful will get a sweet gingerbread from the shelf.

Questions for the everyday fairy tale “How the old woman learned to lie”

Why did the old woman start lying?

How did the old man punish the old woman for lying?

What punishment would you come up with for an old woman for lying?

Good day, dear readers!

Fairy tales I have always loved, not only listening, but also composing. Why did I decide to write specifically about how to come up with a fairy tale yourself? First of all, like I said, I've been doing this for a long time and I absolutely love it! Why do I give advice? I didn’t send many fairy tales to the world, so to speak, but at least two of them resonated in the hearts of not only readers, but also an impartial jury. The first of them was written during a difficult period of my life, when my eldest son was very ill. It was the fairy tale “”, for which the Nestle company, which organized the fairy tale competition, gave me a washing machine for taking 1st place. Thank you them to this day! At that moment it was very, very important to me!

And today I invite you visit a fairy tale, a fairy tale invented by you!

So, what is a FAIRY TALE?

The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, a lesson for good fellows.

A fairy tale is a fictional story in which anything can happen that is unthinkable in real life, and which, as a rule, ends well and safely!

And they lived happily ever after!

A fairy tale is a good assistant in raising a child and oneself! With the help of a fairy tale, you can not only believe, but also make magic and miracles come true...

A fairy tale can become a treasured magic wand in the hands, oh, excuse me, in the mouth of a caring mother. After all, it is the main tablet in. What is fairy tale therapy? This is fairy tale treatment. What diseases are treated by fairy tales? Fairy tales are used to treat severe and mild forms of Aprisites, Nekhochukhits and Leninites. And besides, a fairy tale is the most pleasant medicine in all medicine, which everyone will like!

Every mother, by virtue of her nature, is capable of fairy tale therapy from birth. After all, the mother intuitively knows how and in what form to teach the baby this or that life lesson. Well, what’s not a mother’s fairy tale: when persuading a baby not to take off his hat on the street, say that he needs to hide his ears, otherwise the prankish wind will take the ears and take them away for a while... And what will we do without the ears? After all, to get them back you will have to drink bitter medicine and lie in bed all day...

Every mother in her soul (she may not even know it) is real and the best in the world storyteller.

Although, in principle, ANY PERSON CAN WRITE HIS OWN FAIRY TALE!

In order for your own fairy tale to be born, you need a little imagination, desire and time! Well, what shall we try?

Unleash your imagination.

Imagination, like talent, lies dormant in each of us. True, for some it is dormant, and for others it sleeps soundly. But this can be fixed. The main thing is to believe in your creative streak and push it a little, and then, if you wish, it will slowly move along the rails of fabulous ideas, gradually accelerating its pace.

Imagination- this is the ability to see the unusual in the ordinary, the creation of images and plots, the revival of the inanimate and unreal. Imagination works on certain raw materials, when processed, a fairy tale is born. The raw materials of imagination can be found everywhere. These can be life situations (failures and problems, successes and achievements). The source of inspiration can be paintings by artists, classical and modern music, images from the world of cinema and well-known fairy tales. Solitude with nature can awaken ideas even in the most “tired” of worldly worries.

Talking with your child can help stimulate your imagination. With leading questions, the child himself will answer what and how should happen in the fairy tale. Write a fairy tale with your children- fun and educational. After all, they have the most interesting and vivid imagination!

Unleash your imagination and bring the inanimate to life. Let the door speak, the bed begin to play before going to bed, or the road run away from under your feet...

Dream about yourself, depicting your dream in the form of a fairy tale. But! Attention! This method can bring a MIRACLE from unreality to reality and make your dream come true. So be positive!

And also awaken inspiration possible through meditation. Meditation- this is relaxation of the body in order to “release” and control your thoughts and emotions. During and after meditation, kind and gentle stories are born.

A magical mantra for inspiration will help you feel the state of flight and soaring. Fill your soul with energy, strength and inspiration.

Create a main character

The main character of the fairy tale- the core around which events and miracles revolve. The main character can be your child, either a boy or a girl, whose behavior is very reminiscent of your baby. The main character can be a favorite toy, a cartoon character, an animal or bird, a car, an ordinary cone, dishes, a table, a computer, a telephone. Anything!

Give the hero some ordinary and unusual qualities. For example, bringing a table to life is already unusual in itself, but at the same time you can still do homework on it, while traveling around the world.

Sketch a plan for a future fairy tale

That is, prepare in advance. Think about what or who your fairy tale will be about. What exactly do you want to convey to the listener? Write a plan. The plan should include:

• The beginning of the story (where? who? when?)
• Incident (what happened? conflict, problem)
• Overcoming difficulties (solving riddles, finding a way out of a situation)
• Outcome (return or other completion of the tale)

Of course, this is a very, very rough plan. Well, here is an example of a plan for the well-known fairy tale “Kolobok”:

1. Grandparents' house. Grandfather asks grandmother to bake a bun.
2. The baked bun comes to life and runs away.
3. Kolobok successfully escapes from danger in the form of a hare, wolf and bear.
4. And the old woman gets screwed, the fox outwitted the bun.

Very interesting and easy fairy tale planning can be implemented in the creation of a crumb fairy tale. Fairy tale - baby, this is a very small fairy tale, a couple of paragraphs long. A little fairy tale is invented literally on the fly. For example: little story about a balloon.

Once upon a time there was a ball. For a very long time he lay small and deflated in a large box with other similar balloons, dreaming of one day seeing bright sunlight. And then one day, he found himself in the hands of a man. The man began to inflate him. The ball began to grow, becoming bigger and bigger. He was no longer wrinkled and ugly. Now it was a big red ball, ready to fly into the sky. But the man gave it to a small child. And the baby held the ball tightly in his hand.

He liked the ball so much that he really didn’t want to play with the child. And he kept trying to escape. And then a breeze blew, and the ball, taking advantage of the opportunity, twitched and escaped from the small palms. The ball soared into the sky. And he flew higher and higher. He was so happy about his freedom that he began to laugh loudly. So much so that he couldn’t stop until he burst and fell to the ground again...

If you train on tiny fairy tales, then over time you will easily come up with voluminous and interesting fairy tales!

Remake an old fairy tale

Take any fairy tale as a basis and change something in it. Introduce a new character into the tale or give an old one new character traits or capabilities. Let, for example, Masha, getting lost in the forest, end up not in the house of neat bears, but in the house of three little pigs. Or, the bun will not be appetizing and fragrant, but callous and evil, from which all the animals ran and hid, and only the fox came up with a way to save the forest inhabitants (for example, return the bun to grandparents and make crackers out of it).

Children are always interested in what happens next? For example, what did Pinocchio become when he grew up? Or, what happened to Alyonushka and her monster husband after the wedding, and what would have happened if the scarlet flower had scattered its seeds and multiplied?

Or, take a number of associative words from a fairy tale and add some completely different word to them. For example, the fairy tale “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats.” The associative series can be like this: wolf, kids, goat, cabbage, voice and add a new word - telephone. Well, what will happen in history now?

Play word games

Words- cells of a fairy-tale creation. You can play with them, maybe something new will be born.

Take two different words (you can ask someone to tell you the words, or randomly point your finger at a book). And come up with a couple of stories with these words.

For example, let's take the words - castle and deer. Here are some stories you can come up with:

1. A deer came to the princess’s castle every day at the same time and tried to reach the apple tree behind the fence.

2. In the castle of one king there lived a beautiful deer who could speak.

3. Once upon a time there was an amazing deer who carried an entire castle on his antlers.

Take contradictions and make up a story. For example, fire and water, under-delivery and over-delivery, beautiful and ugly princess, microplane and airplane, king and servant, summer and winter.

Write down a few headlines from magazines, newspapers and books. Mix and take three of them at random. Find commonalities and make up a story. Sometimes, from the most seemingly abracadabra, a brilliant work is born, for example, “Alice in Wonderland” by L. Carroll.

Conclusion

Find a listener and tell him a story

A storyteller definitely needs those who love fairy tales. Tell the story in simple words and simple sentences. Use vivid descriptive images and as many adjectives as possible. Actively play with intonation and voice, speaking either louder or mysteriously quieter.

Tell your essay to your loved one, mother, friend, neighbor. And best of all, to the most grateful listener - ! Tell her without even asking her to evaluate her. You will see the appreciation of your fairy tale in their eyes... And most likely it will inspire you to new feats!

Meet my latest fairy tale ""! Perhaps this will be your starting point to the land of Good Storytellers!

The talent of a storyteller will not be born on its own. He is like a grain in the ground; in order to grow, he needs effort and time. However, it is worth it to one day turn into a beautiful flowering tree. A tree that is unlike anyone else and beautiful in its own way!

This is where the fairy tale ends, and whoever listened - Well done!

Coming up with a fairy tale is a creative task that develops children's speech, imagination, fantasy, and creative thinking. These tasks help the child create a fairy-tale world where he is the main character, developing in the child such qualities as kindness, courage, boldness, and patriotism.

By composing independently, the child develops these qualities. Our children really like to invent fairy tales themselves, it brings them joy and pleasure. Fairy tales invented by children are very interesting, they help to understand the inner world of your children, there are a lot of emotions, the invented characters seem to have come to us from another world, the world of childhood. The drawings for these essays look very funny. The page presents short fairy tales that schoolchildren came up with for a literary reading lesson in 3rd grade. If the children cannot write a fairy tale themselves, then invite them to come up with the beginning, end or continuation of the fairy tale on their own.

A fairy tale should have:

• introduction (starter)
• main action
• denouement + epilogue (preferably)
• a fairy tale should teach something good

The presence of these components will give your creative work the correct finished look. Please note that in the examples presented below, these components are not always present, and this serves as a basis for lowering the ratings.

Fight against an alien

In a certain city, in a certain country, there lived a president and a first lady. They had three sons - triplets: Vasya, Vanya and Roma. They were smart, brave and courageous, only Vasya and Vanya were irresponsible. One day, the city was attacked by an alien. And not a single army could cope. This alien destroyed houses at night. The brothers came up with an invisible drone. Vasya and Vanya were supposed to be on duty, but fell asleep. But Roma couldn’t sleep. And when the alien appeared, he began to fight it. It turned out to be not so simple. The plane was shot down. Roma woke up the brothers, and they helped him control the smoking drone. And together they defeated the alien. (Kamenkov Makar)

How the ladybug got dots.

Once upon a time there lived an artist. And one day he came up with the idea of ​​drawing a fairy-tale picture about the life of insects. He drew and drew, and suddenly he saw a ladybug. She didn't seem very beautiful to him. And he decided to change the color of the back, the ladybug looked strange. I changed the color of the head, it looked strange again. And when I painted spots on the back, it became beautiful. And he liked it so much that he drew 5-6 pieces at once. The artist’s painting was hung in the museum for everyone to admire. And ladybugs still have dots on their backs. When other insects ask: "Why do you have ladybugs dots on their backs?" They answer: “It was the artist who painted us” (Surzhikova Maria)

Fear has big eyes

There lived a grandmother and granddaughter. Every day they went for water. The grandmother had large bottles, the granddaughter had smaller ones. One day our water carriers went to fetch water. They got some water and are walking home through the area. They walk and see an apple tree, and under the apple tree there is a cat. The wind blew and the apple fell on the cat's forehead. The cat got scared and ran right under our water carriers’ feet. They got scared, threw the bottles and ran home. The grandmother fell on the bench, the granddaughter hid behind her grandmother. The cat ran scared and barely ran away. It’s true what they say: “Fear has big eyes—what they don’t have, they see.”

Snowflake

Once upon a time there lived a king, and he had a daughter. She was called Snowflake because she was made of snow and melted in the sun. But despite this, her heart was not very kind. The king did not have a wife and he said to the snowflake: “Now you will grow up and who will take care of me?” The snowflake saw the suffering of the king-father and offered to find him a wife. The king agreed. After some time, the king found himself a wife, her name was Rosella. She was angry and jealous of her stepdaughter. Snowflake was friends with all the animals, since people were allowed to see her, because the king was afraid that people might harm his beloved daughter.

Every day Snowflake grew and blossomed, and the stepmother figured out how to get rid of her. Rosella learned Snowflake’s secret and decided to destroy her at all costs. She called Snowflake to her and said: “My daughter, I am very sick and only the decoction that my sister cooks will help me, but she lives very far away.” Snowflake agreed to help her stepmother.

The girl set off in the evening, found where Rosella’s sister lived, took the broth from her and hurried on the way back. But dawn began and she turned into a puddle. Where the Snowflake melted, a beautiful flower grew. Rosella told the king that she sent Snowflake away to look into the world, but she never returned. The king was upset and waited days and nights for his daughter.

A girl was walking in the forest where a fairy flower grew. She took the flower home, began to look after it and talk to it. One spring day, a flower blossomed and a girl grew out of it. This girl turned out to be Snowflake. She went with her savior to the palace of the unfortunate king and told everything to the priest. The king became angry with Rosella and kicked her out. And he recognized his daughter’s savior as his second daughter. And they have lived together very happily ever since. (Veronica)

Magical forest

Once upon a time there lived a boy named Vova. One day he went into the forest. The forest turned out to be magical, like in a fairy tale. Dinosaurs lived there. Vova was walking and saw frogs in the clearing. They danced and sang. Suddenly a dinosaur came. He was clumsy and big, and he also began to dance. Vova laughed and so did the trees. That was the adventure with Vova. (Boltnova Victoria)

The Tale of the Good Hare

Once upon a time there lived a hare and a hare. They huddled in a small dilapidated hut on the edge of the forest. One day the hare went to pick mushrooms and berries. I collected a whole bag of mushrooms and a basket of berries.

He is walking home and meets a hedgehog. “What are you talking about, hare?” - asks the hedgehog. “Mushrooms and berries,” answers the hare. And he treated the hedgehog to mushrooms. He went further. A squirrel jumps towards me. The squirrel saw berries and said: “Give me a bunny of berries, I’ll give them to my squirrels.” The hare treated the squirrel and moved on. A bear is coming towards you. He gave the bear some mushrooms to taste and continued on his way.

A fox is coming. “Give me your harvest!” The hare grabbed a bag of mushrooms and a basket of berries and ran away from the fox. The fox was offended by the hare and decided to take revenge on him. She ran ahead of the hare to his hut and destroyed it.

The hare comes home, but there is no hut. Only the hare sits and cries bitter tears. The local animals learned about the hare's misfortune and came to help him build a new home. And the house turned out a hundred times better than before. And then they got bunnies. And they began to live their lives and receive forest friends as guests.

Magic wand

Once upon a time there lived three brothers. Two strong and a weak one. The strong ones were lazy, and the third was hardworking. They went into the forest to pick mushrooms and got lost. The brothers saw the palace all made of gold, went inside, and there were untold riches. The first brother took a sword made of gold. The second brother took an iron club. The third took a magic wand. The Serpent Gorynych appeared out of nowhere. One with a sword, the other with a club, but Zmey Gorynych doesn’t take anything. Only the third brother waved his wand, and instead of the kite there was a boar, which ran away. The brothers returned home and have been helping their weak brother ever since.

Bunny

Once upon a time there lived a little bunny. And one day a fox stole him and carried him far away, far away. She put him in prison and locked him. The poor bunny sits and thinks: “How to escape?” And suddenly he sees stars falling from the small window, and a little fairy squirrel appears. And she told him to wait until the fox fell asleep and get the key. The fairy gave him a package and told him to open it only at night.

Night has come. The bunny untied the package and saw a fishing rod. He took it, stuck it through the window, and swung it. The hook hit the key. The bunny pulled and took the key. He opened the door and ran home. And the fox looked for him and looked for him, but never found him.

Tale about the king

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a king and a queen. And they had three sons: Vanya, Vasya and Peter. One fine day the brothers were walking in the garden. In the evening they came home. The king and queen meet them at the gate and say: “Robbers have attacked our land. Take the troops and drive them out of our land.” And the brothers went and began to look for the robbers.

For three days and three nights they rode without rest. On the fourth day, a heated battle is seen near one village. The brothers galloped to the rescue. There was a battle from early morning until late evening. Many people died on the battlefield, but the brothers won.

They returned home. The king and queen rejoiced at the victory, the king was proud of his sons and threw a feast for the whole world. And I was there, and I drank honey. It flowed down my mustache, but didn’t get into my mouth.

Magic fish

Once upon a time there lived a boy, Petya. Once he went fishing. The first time he cast his fishing rod, he caught nothing. The second time he cast his fishing rod and again did not catch anything. The third time he cast his fishing rod and caught a goldfish. Petya brought it home and put it in a jar. I began to make imaginary fairy-tale wishes:

Fish - fish I want to learn mathematics.

Okay, Petya, I'll do the math for you.

Rybka - Rybka I want to learn Russian.

Okay, Petya, I'll do Russian for you.

And the boy made a third wish:

I want to become a scientist

The fish said nothing, just splashed its tail in the water and disappeared into the waves forever.

If you don’t study and don’t work, you can’t become a scientist.

Magical girl

Once upon a time there lived a girl - the Sun. And she was called the Sun because she smiled. The sun began to travel across Africa. She felt thirsty. When she said these words, a large bucket of cool water suddenly appeared. The girl drank some water, and the water was golden. And the Sun became strong, healthy and happy. And when things were difficult for her in life, those difficulties went away. And the girl realized about her magic. She wished for toys, but it didn’t come true. The Sun began to act up and the magic disappeared. It is true what they say: “If you want a lot, you will get little.”

Tale about kittens

Once upon a time there lived a cat and a cat, and they had three kittens. The eldest was called Barsik, the middle one was Murzik, and the youngest was Ryzhik. One day they went for a walk and saw a frog. The kittens chased after her. The frog jumped into the bushes and disappeared. Ryzhik asked Barsik:

Who is it?

“I don’t know,” Barsik answered.

Let's catch him, Murzik suggested.

And the kittens climbed into the bushes, but the frog was no longer there. They went home to tell their mother about it. The mother cat listened to them and said that it was a frog. So the kittens found out what kind of animal it was.