What to consider when preparing an essay

Wait three years for the promised one? No, this is not about the work of our beloved FIPI this summer! As promised, in mid-August we had at our disposal the main documents regulating the 2019 Unified State Examination in social studies - a demo version and a codifier. Let's be curious, what's new?

The Unified State Exam in Social Studies has become more difficult!

So, the codifier, that is, the list of topics that are tested on the Unified State Exam and that need to be prepared for the exam, has not changed at all. This is due to the fact that the country’s high school students have not yet switched to the so-called “new standards”, and are following the old Basic curriculum BUP-2004. That is, the content of the main general education social studies has not changed. But the tasks...

Now let's look at the demo version of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies 2019!

Let's first turn our attention to the test part. Let us note once again that there is NO test tasks to choose an answer, only multiple choice! The only thing that has changed is the content (filling) tasks 4.

Let's work through the questions of the demo version of part 1.

Basic social institutions

As you can see, all of the listed terms refer to the concept (but only factorial, which should, of course, be clarified by the writers of the assignment from FIPI, in my opinion).

ANSWER: INCOME(they ask in a word, mind you!!!).

By the way, compare the task from the 2016 demo!

Understanding of the term was also checked. The task is similar to the first one, in essence, but the information is presented in a different sign system - not in a table, but in a list of key properties. So, you need to choose the most general (least particular) concept.

You can give another definition using our dictionary of terms:

1. This is a basic sign of anyone’s independence!
2. It's the same with territory. People have not yet learned how to create states in the air.
3. Priority of human rights and freedoms this is a basic feature. More about democracy in
4. Tax collection is a monopoly right of any state, otherwise how will it maintain the apparatus?
5. Publicity means that all the people of the country know who governs them. A sign of any state!
6. - a basic sign for example, it is not inherent.

Answer: 32311.

First of all - NO SPACES AND COMMAS! Let's follow the demo further!

Understanding is checked modern trends namely, its humanization:

Here options 3, 4, 5 are suitable(morality is in principle equal to humanism, also a moral category). Option 1 - about education, 2 - about humanitarization (do not confuse with humanization, this means special attention to the study of 6 about computerization. Answer: 345.

We are looking for the essential features of the market - laws and (option 2), (option 4), freedom (option 5). And let us remember that in everyone they solve its main problems - limitlessness with limitation (option 3 is not suitable). See more details Our answer: 245.

Task 8 Unified State Exam 2019 in social studies

Let us first remember the difference between fixed and variable costs. The main thing here is whether their volume changes due to changes in production volumes

So, not any changes(1 is incorrect) ; 2 is true (it’s just logical, for example, and doctors will fall into the same group, so both of them receive salaries from; 3 is exactly right, definitely a socially important sign; personal qualities have nothing to do with it (good people there are both rich and poor), 4 is not true; Option 5 simply gives the definition correctly.

Answer: 235.

Task 12 Unified State Exam 2019 in social studies

This task of interpreting a graph about the results of a social issue is not difficult, just carefully using the selection method. It is considered a task of a basic level of difficulty, is worth 1 point.

1. Yes, 50% is half. 2. Yes, the shares are equal. 3. Yes, among girls I think so more respondents. 4. It’s not even logical, usually men are more prone to this, for them career is more of a priority, and that’s not true either way. 5. Both boys and girls answered the same here. No.

Answer: 123.

In 2018, the task was written as follows and was retained in the Unified State Exam 2019.

Task 13 demo version 2019 in social studies

The main thing to remember here, in addition to the concept itself, are three main types of legitimacy (according to

Legal legitimacy- type legitimacy which consists in subordinating the population to an elected leader

Traditional legitimacy- type of subordination of the population to the inheriting leader

Charisma– set personal qualities(oratorical, military leadership to political intrigue), which the population endows him with and which allow him to come to and maintain it. In theory, one of its types.

Therefore, 1 is true, 2 is not (this is about a democratic leader), 3 is yes (pure theory), 4 is yes (correct logical definition), and 5, of course not. What if there are no parties in the country at all? Such exclusionary language (necessarily, always, never, no, not at all, only) usually not true, be careful!

Answer: 134.

Now what?

Classics of the genre. Question on knowledge and competence of authorities state power. Only solid knowledge will help you here. So, let's remember that

• the upper house of ours is engaged in approving changes in the boundaries between
• - supreme body

Specification
control measuring materials
for holding the unified state exam in 2018
in HISTORY

1. Purpose of KIM Unified State Exam

The Unified State Exam (USE) is a form of objective assessment of the quality of training of persons who have mastered educational programs secondary general education, using tasks of a standardized form (control measuring materials).

The Unified State Examination is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in Russian Federation».

Control measuring materials make it possible to establish the level of mastery of knowledge and skills by graduates in a history course in accordance with the requirements of the Federal component state standards secondary (complete) general education, basic and specialized levels.

The results of the Unified State Examination in History are recognized educational organizations higher vocational education what are the results entrance examinations on history.

2. Documents defining the content of CMM

3. Approaches to selecting content and developing the structure of CMM

The examination paper covers the content of the course on the history of Russia from antiquity to the present, including elements general history(history of wars, diplomacy, culture, economic ties etc.) and is aimed at identifying educational achievements graduates of secondary educational institutions.

CMM tasks include a significant layer of factual material. At the same time, special attention is paid to testing the analytical and information and communication skills of graduates. Attention is focused on tasks aimed at testing skills: systematize historical facts; establish cause-and-effect, structural and other relationships; use sources of information of different types (text source, table, historical map, illustration) to solve cognitive problems; argue own position using historical knowledge; present the results of historical and educational activities in free form with a focus on given parameters activities. Focus on active work examinees, as well as the involvement of a wide range of historical sources, problematic historical materials create

opportunities to identify graduates who are most focused on continuing their education in this field. All of the above allows us to qualitatively differentiate exam participants according to their level of preparation in history.

4. Structure of KIM Unified State Exam

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 contains 19 short answer questions.

IN exam paper The following types of short-answer tasks are offered:

• tasks for choosing and recording one or more correct answers from the proposed list of answers;
• tasks to determine the sequence of arrangement of these elements;
• tasks to establish the correspondence of elements given in several information series;
• tasks to determine according to the specified characteristics and write in the form of a word (phrase) a term, name, name, century, year, etc.

The answer to the tasks of Part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a number or sequence of numbers written without spaces or other delimiters; words; phrases (also written without spaces or other separators).

Part 2 contains 6 tasks with detailed answers that identify and evaluate graduates’ mastery of various complex skills.

20-22 - a set of tasks related to analysis historical source(attribution of the source; extraction of information; attraction of historical knowledge to analyze the problems of the source, the position of the author).

23-25 ​​- tasks related to the use of methods of cause-and-effect, structural-functional, temporal and spatial analysis for studying historical processes and phenomena. Task 23 is related to the analysis of any historical problem or situation. Task 24 - analysis of historical versions and assessments, argumentation various points vision using course knowledge. Task 25 involves writing historical essay. Task 25 is alternative: the graduate has the opportunity to choose one of three periods of Russian history and demonstrate his knowledge and skills using the historical material most familiar to him. Task 25 is assessed according to a system of criteria.

Table 1. Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper

5. Distribution of KIM Unified State Exam tasks by content, types of skills and methods of activity

The work is based on the requirements of the Historical and Cultural Standard, each section of which consists of the following components: a brief description of period, including main events, phenomena, processes; list of concepts and terms; list of personalities; List of sources; list of main dates. Each of these parts contains a significant amount of information that is required for study at school. Particular attention in the Historical and Cultural Standard is paid to the study of cultural issues. The concept of a new educational and methodological complex for national history, of which the Historical and Cultural Standard is a part, indicates the need to work with a historical map. It is also necessary to take into account the general patriotic orientation of the ICS, which, in particular, is manifested in increased attention to the study of the history of the Great Patriotic War.

The specified requirements of the Historical and Cultural Standard became the basis for determining the structure of the examination work.

The Unified State Exam in social studies can easily be called the most popular among elective exams. Firstly, most schoolchildren believe this test simple, especially in comparison with the exact sciences. And secondly, a certificate with points for social studies is required for humanitarian and social studies. Among the most popular specialties are political science, sociology, cultural studies, law, psychology, economics, pedagogy, personnel management and management.

Many eleventh-graders believe that this Unified State Exam can be passed without preparation, by determining the correct answers based on a logical approach, and in the essay part simply by expressing their thoughts. Let’s say right away that such a mistake cost many students a huge number of points. Social studies is a subject in which simple knowledge of terminology is not enough. Only the ability to competently operate with concepts and understanding the deep essence of social, legal and philosophical concepts will help you successfully pass this Unified State Exam.

In addition, the national examination in social studies requires a fairly high initial score, and in last years tests with the choice of one answer from several proposed options were finally removed from the tickets. However, all this is not a reason to panic! You just need to figure out what requirements the commission members put forward when evaluating work, and also find out in time everything about the changes in the 2018 CMMs.

Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2018

Unified State Exam dates in social studies

Rosobrnadzor will publish the final dates for the Unified State Exam in social studies only in January, however, when preparing for the Unified State Exam, schoolchildren can focus on the approximate time periods allocated for testing:

• the early stage of the Unified State Examination will take place from mid-March to mid-April and starts on March 22, 2018;
• the main exam will begin at the end of May (05/28/2018) and will last until the beginning of June 2018;
• The additional period for taking the Unified State Examination is scheduled for September 2018. Most likely, it will be possible to retake subjects from September 4, 2018.

Let us remind you that the following can apply to take the Unified State Exam early:

• schoolchildren who have completed educational institution(regular or evening school, lyceum, gymnasium) until the 2017/2018 academic year;
• conscripts who decided to serve in the ranks before entering a university;
• students entering a foreign university, changing their place of residence or coming to study from abroad;
• children leaving for national or international competitions, contests and competitions of a sports, cultural or scientific nature. In this case, you will need not only an application, but a call to the training camp (or an invitation to the event) indicating the exact dates of the event and the name of the student;
• schoolchildren in need of treatment, rehabilitation or rehabilitation on the dates of the main exam. In this case, a document issued by a medical council or commission must be attached to the application.

Unified State Exam statistics in social studies

In 2017, 318 thousand students chose social studies, i.e. approximately half of all schoolchildren who took the Unified State Exam. However, after the exam was complicated, the number of people wishing to take social studies decreased noticeably - back in 2016 there were 40.4 thousand more such students. We also note that the proportion of children who were unable to score this Unified State Examination even the minimum passing score has decreased noticeably: in 2017, such unsuccessful students were about 13.8%, which is 3.3% lower than the 2016 level.

However, in 2013, only 5.3% of students failed this Unified State Exam, and in 2011 – 3.9%. Teachers explain this by saying that several years ago schools began to abandon the practice of specialized study of social studies, although it is mandatory for admission to 1/3 Russian universities. The tasks become more difficult, and school curriculum Social studies takes only 1-2 lessons per week. However, with an average score of 59.5-60.0, the number of children who scored the maximum points is growing - last year there were about 500 such gifted graduates.

At passing the Unified State Exam in social studies the failure rate is quite high - 13.8%

Social Studies Exam Regulations

In 2018, students will have 235 minutes to complete the exam questions. The regulations strictly prohibit bringing any foreign objects into the examination room. These include not only cheat sheets, but also smartphones, cameras, headphones, tablets, smart watches and any other equipment. And don't think you'll be able to use anything on the list above if you go to the restroom or aid station! It will be possible to leave the audience only with an observer.

Remember: you may be taken out of the classroom and your test result will be canceled if you not only cheat, but also change seats, consult with your neighbors, or turn your head to peek at the answer in someone else's work. About 20,000 teacher observers will monitor order in the exam rooms, and it is unlikely that anyone will be able to hide from their watchful gaze.

Ticket structure and contents

This discipline studies all possible aspects of life. modern society. Students will have to demonstrate their knowledge in the following sections:

• "Human and society". This section studies the biosocial evolution of people, modern society, factors and stages of socialization, principles of functioning of society and the place of the individual in social relations;
• "Social Relations"– here you will need to demonstrate an understanding of the problems of interaction between various social groups, knowledge in the field of conflictology and the systemic structure of modern society;
• "Economy"– one of the most difficult blocks of the exam. Schoolchildren will have to show their skills in reading graphs, knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship and market economics, and the ability to calculate economic indicators and analyze information;
• "Right". This section will require you to be able to operate with the laws of the Russian Federation, understand various branches of law and the peculiarities of regulating legal relations, including basic norms and mechanisms;
• "Policy". In this section you need to demonstrate an understanding of modern government, political regimes and institutions.

There are no assignments in social studies KIMs for choosing one answer from the provided options. Basic level tasks will test students’ ability to recognize, reproduce, extract, classify, systematize and compare information, evaluate it and explain trends. In tasks of an increased level of complexity, you will need to show your skills in complex cognitive activities. The ticket, consisting of 29 tasks, is structurally presented in two parts:

• Part 1 – consists of 20 tasks to which you need to give a short answer in the form of a word, several words or numbers. 10 tasks relate to basic level difficulty, 10 more tasks - to advanced. For this part of the work you can score 35 primary points, which is 54.7% of all test points;
• Part 2 – consists of 9 tasks to which you need to give a detailed answer. Tasks numbered 21 and 22 are basic, and numbers 23 to 29 are tasks with increased complexity. For this part you can get 29 points (45.3% of all points). This part also includes writing a short essay on one of 5 topics given to the student to choose from.

Innovations in new type CMMs

The social studies exam has not undergone significant changes in content, but some structural aspects have been optimized.

1. The evaluation system for task number 28 has been changed;
2. The wording of task number 29 has been revised, changes have been made to its assessment system;
3. The maximum number of primary points per ticket has been increased by 2 points and is now 64.

Preparation for the Unified State Exam in social studies includes mastering a number of disciplines. These include political science, economics, sociology and law.

How do scores translate into grades for the certificate?

In 2018, the points received for the Unified State Exam will have an impact on the final mark in the certificate. Students who want to enter a university or simply increase their average score must prepare well for the exam. The distribution and transfer of points is carried out as follows:

• 0-41 points scored on the Unified State Exam means that the student “wiped his pants” throughout his entire education. These points are equal to an “unsatisfactory” rating;
• 42-54 points indicate satisfactory knowledge. The graduate deserves a grade at the school “C” level;
• 55-66 points is a good result, which is equivalent to a “good” rating;
• 67 points and above mean that the student passed the subject with “excellent” marks.

The minimum score required to pass the test is 42, which is equal to 19 primary points. The experience of past years has shown that for this you need to solve at least 13 basic tasks. The maximum number of points for the Unified State Exam is 100. As statistics from last year show, to enter a university you need to score at least 55 points in this subject. Unfortunately, this does not guarantee your budget income. Pretend to budget places Only applicants who have a certificate with 84 points or more can apply to prestigious universities.

How to prepare for the exam?

Experts from FIPI say that the first thing you should pay attention to when preparing is knowledge and understanding of the terms of such disciplinary blocks as economics, philosophy, law, sociology and political science. Very often, a student cannot correctly solve a task because he does not relate it to a specific scientific field, using the wrong method of analysis.

Another important point– selection of sources of methodological and educational nature. Today, many authors are trying to make money by publishing materials to prepare for the Unified State Exam in certain subjects. But don’t rush to buy everything! Choose books published in 2015-2017 and received a recommendation from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. FIPI specialists recommend using the developments of L.N. Bogolyubov and A.I. Kravchenko.

Be sure to take the time to work through the demo version of the Unified State Exam– this will help you understand the structure of the ticket, understand the requirements of the examiners and reduce the time spent working with the real ticket. You can download a demo version of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies using the links at the beginning of the article. In addition, specialists from the educational department determined the amount of time it would take to solve each of the proposed tasks:

• tasks numbered 1-3 and 10 are solved on average in 1-4 minutes;
• tasks numbered 4-9 and 11-28 require from 2 to 8 minutes;
• for task 29 you need to leave about 45-55 minutes.

What should you consider when preparing your essay?

Practice writing essays often to create a decent essay.

Writing a short essay is an exam task that causes the greatest difficulties for schoolchildren. This is because it requires both fundamental knowledge of the subject and the ability to express one’s thoughts competently and beautifully. You can write a mini-on one of the five topics proposed in the ticket. The topic is formulated in the form of a statement made by a well-known representative in the field social activities, politics, science or culture. There are a few things to consider when writing an essay:

• leave at least 50 minutes for this part of the work;
• do not write a full-fledged essay on a draft - no one checks this form anyway. If you get too carried away with the rough work, you may not have enough time to rewrite the text. Just sketch out theses, which you will then arrange into a single whole;
• do not rush to choose a topic - take only the one that will be easier for you to argue;
• It is important to immediately determine what branch of knowledge your chosen topic represents. Students are not prohibited from expressing thoughts based on several social sciences, but examiners really don’t like it when essays are written in vague phrases and generalized formulations;
• don't forget to make an introduction. It should emphasize the relevance of the problem;
• Demonstrate your knowledge by briefly talking about the author of the statement. Describe other approaches to this problem, indicate alternative points of view, or provide supporting statements;

Purpose demo version The USE 2018 in social studies is to give any exam participant and the general public an opportunity to get an idea of ​​the structure of future CMMs, the number of tasks, their form and level of complexity.

There are documents that regulate the structure and content of CMMs - codifiers and specifications.

Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2018 in social studies from FIPI with answers

Item	Download demo
Social science	Demo + answers
Codifier	download
Specification	download

Changes in the 2018 KIM in social studies compared to the 2017 KIM

The scoring system for task 28 has been reworked. The maximum score has been increased from 3 to 4.

The wording of task 29 has been detailed and the system of its assessment has been changed. The maximum score has been increased from 5 to 6.

Maximum primary score for completing all work increased from 62 to 64.

Duration of the Unified State Exam 2018 in social studies

3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work. Approximate time to complete individual tasks, is:

1) for each of tasks 1–3, 10 – 1–4 minutes;

2) for each of tasks 4–9, 11–28 – 2–8 minutes;

3) for task 29 – 45 minutes.

Total tasks - 29; of which by type of task: with a short answer – 20; with a detailed answer – 9; by difficulty level: B – 12; P – 10; AT 7.

Structure of the KIM Unified State Exam 2018 in social studies

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 29 tasks that differ in form and level of difficulty.

Part 1 contains 20 short answer questions.

The examination paper offers the following types of short-answer tasks:

– tasks for choosing and recording several correct answers from the proposed list of answers;

– task to identify structural elements concepts using tables;

– a task to establish the correspondence of positions presented in two sets;

– a task to define terms and concepts corresponding to the proposed context.

The answer to the tasks in Part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word (phrase) or a sequence of numbers written without spaces or separating characters.

Part 2 contains 9 tasks with detailed answers. In these tasks, the answer is formulated and written down by the examinee independently in a detailed form. The tasks of this part of the work are aimed at identifying graduates who have the most high level social science training. The results of completing tasks in Part 1 are processed automatically.

Answers to tasks in Part 2 are analyzed and evaluated by experts based on specially developed criteria.