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Lesson objectives:

• introduce the characteristics of homogeneous members of a sentence;
• develop the ability to recognize homogeneous subjects and predicates connected with the help of conjunctions and non-union connection;
• construct sentences with homogeneous main parts of the sentence;
• enrich lexicon students through the introduction of new words;
• to form general intellectual skills (operations of analysis, comparison, generalization, highlighting essential features and patterns);
• draw conclusions about the significance of this topic in the Russian language;
• work on developing spelling vigilance.

Lesson type: a lesson in studying and initially consolidating new knowledge.

Technologies:

• technology of problem-dialogical teaching;
• activity method technology.

Method of posing an educational problem: stimulating dialogue.

Technique for creating a problem situation: practical task on new material.

Lesson equipment:

• presentation “Sentences with homogeneous sentence members. Homogeneous subjects and predicates";
• schemes of sentences with homogeneous members with and without conjunctions;
• didactic handouts;
• cards for differentiated individual tasks;
• textbook "Russian language" 4th grade. Authors: L.Ya.

Zheltovskaya, O.B. Kalinina, M., “Astrel”, 2011.

1. DURING THE CLASSES

Organizing time
– preparation for work;
– distribution of work at the board according to cards with individual tasks;

– distribution of work according to individual cards with differentiated tasks.

2. Spelling work A)

Write down phrases, determine conjugation, person, number of verbs: I love you e w b in the forest, I hear e w And in the forest, I hear noise l I love you chatter, chatter I love you thick b ryo h ki, cr A I love you dream t na vet points e, ose NN w e sheet i, g O native sa d ryo, re i, g cue the wind, i, g st I love you horny page i, g To I love you for, for linen oh pa st in the forest, I hear b I love you sche, int resny ra ss ryo.

ka b)

– Checking work on individual cards:

Sort out the words according to their composition:.

– Urban, blushing, hear, cautious, reverent, interesting, story, autumn

Working with the class:
– name a word that cannot be transferred (garden); garden;
– How are the roots of related words written?
– Make up phrases with the word garden; common sentence with the word garden(orally).

V) Sentence parsing check:

Autumn work has been completed in the city garden.

– What kind of work do people do in parks, gardens, and public gardens in the fall?

3. Physical education moment(visual relaxation).

– Turn to the window, look at a distant object – 1, 2, 3.
– Look at the flower on the window – 1, 2, 3.
– Close your eyes – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; open.

4. Message of the topic, purpose of the lesson. Formulation of the problem.

– Today we will get acquainted with the structure of sentences with several subjects or predicates that perform homogeneous (identical) functions. (Slide 1).

Our tasks for the lesson:

(Slide 2)

– learn to find homogeneous subjects and predicates in the text;
– correctly place punctuation marks in such sentences;
– use sentences with homogeneous members in your speech.

5. Finding a solution to the problem posed. Working on the lesson topic

a) Let's work as editors (slide 3). You see several offers on the screen. What speech deficiencies have you noticed?

Swallows fly to warmer regions in the fall.
Rooks fly to warmer regions in the fall.
Blackbirds fly to warmer regions in the fall.

Make one sentence from these sentences, making sure that the meaning of the information being conveyed is preserved.

1 – Swallows, rooks, and thrushes fly to warmer regions in the fall.
2 – Swallows, rooks and thrushes fly to warmer regions in the fall.

Swallows, rooks, and thrushes fly to warmer regions in the fall

– Let’s find the grammatical basis of the sentence.

Who? swallows, rooks, blackbirds
What are they doing? fly away

(slide 4):
– What question are the subjects answering?

(They refer to the same member of the sentence - the predicate.)


- We have determined signs of homogeneous members.

Conclusion: In a sentence, three subjects answer the same question, are expressed by one part of speech, and explain one predicate. Such subjects are called homogeneous.

b) Working with the textbook

– Read the rule on page 102, part 1.

c) Let's continue editing the text

(Slide 5)

Before departure they are worried.
Before departure they scream.
Before departure they fuss.

Your version of the corrected text:

1 – Before departure, they are worried, screaming, fussing.
2 – Before departure, they get excited, scream and fuss.

– Write down the first version of the sentence in your notebook.

Before departure, they get excited, scream, and fuss.

– Let's find the grammatical basis of the sentence.

Who? They
What are they doing? worried, screaming, fussing.

– Let’s clarify information about the main members of the proposal (slide 6):
– What question do the predicates answer? (They answer the same question.)
– Which part of the sentence are they? (They are one member of the sentence.)
– Which part of the sentences refer to? (They refer to the same member of the sentence - the subject.)
– What part of speech are they expressed by? (Expressed by the same part of speech.)
– With what intonation are they pronounced? (Pronounced with enumerative intonation.)

- We have determined signs of homogeneous members.

Conclusion: In a sentence, three predicates answer the same question, are expressed by one part of speech, and explain one subject. Such predicates are called homogeneous.

d) Working with the textbook

– Read the rule on page 102, part 2.

6. Physical education moment

(Slide 7)

Perform the actions indicated in the physical education minute.

We'll take a little rest
Let's stand up and take a deep breath.
Hands to the sides, forward,
Right, left turn.
We clap our hands together - 1-2-3,
We stamp our feet together 1-2-3.
We will sit quietly at the table
And let's continue the conversation.

7. Primary application of knowledge

– Let’s continue to work with sentences containing homogeneous subjects and predicates.
– Textbook, p. 102, ex. 229.
– Reading the task for the exercise.
– Who knows who a naturalist is?

Dictionary foreign words defines the Russian language this way lexical meaning words naturalist(slide 8):

Naturalist –(from French) – a person who explores and studies nature, the world of animals and plants.
Naturalists can be writers, travelers, journalists who can notice the unusual in ordinary objects and phenomena and write down their observations for readers.
– We will work with a sketch by the writer Dmitry Zuev. How do you understand the word sketch?

The school explanatory dictionary explains the meaning of the word z sketching So:

Sketch- this is a sketch from life, reproducing what was seen in painting, music, and literature.

Let's get acquainted with the writer's sketch.

– Reading the text of the sketch.
– Name the sentences in which two or more subjects are used with one predicate. (1,2)
– Name the sentences in which two or more predicates are used with one subject. (3.4)
– Pay attention to the last sentence: the predicates in it are expressed by adjectives: What? Morning. What morning? What did you find out about him? It's fresh and clear.

8. Homework

(Slide 9)

Homework will be based on the text of exercise 229. Write down: Ex. 230, learn the rules.

9. Consolidation of what has been learned

- Let's continue working. Let's look at exercise 231.

a) Reading the assignment and the text of the sketch.

– Let’s re-read part 1. Determine which homogeneous members of the sentence are in part 1? (Homogeneous subjects).
– With what intonation are they pronounced? (With intonation of enumeration).
– Listen to the intonation of the last sentence of part 1: the voice tone decreases or rises after the conjunction in the forest, I hear? (Decreases).
- Union And shows that the enumeration is over, the tone of voice decreases. Reminds me of this "Golden Key": read the information on page 103.

b) Independent work with part 1 of exercise 231: write down the sentences, underline the basis of the sentence. (Examination).

c) Let's get acquainted with the sketch of part 2.

- Word scurrying around marked with an icon.
– Page 131, work with explanatory dictionary in the textbook.
– How to explain the meaning of a phrase "glass wings"? What kind of comparison is observed - explicit or hidden? What is this technique called in literature when there is a hidden comparison? (Metaphor)
– Independent work with part 2 of the exercise (writing sentences, emphasizing the basis of the sentence).

10. Lesson summary. Relaxation

(Slide 10)

– What topic were you working on?
– As a result, we can say what we learned in the lesson.

I know:
– Which parts of the sentence are called homogeneous;
– Signs of homogeneous members of a sentence;

I can:
– Find homogeneous subjects and predicates in a sentence;
– Place punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members.

– And if you are still not sure about something, don’t be upset. This is the topic of our next lessons. You will have the opportunity to figure everything out.
– Thank you for your work in class!

Homogeneous are those members of a sentence that answer the same question and relate to the same member of the sentence or are explained by the same member of the sentence.

Compare two sentences:

I often getletters Andparcels . I oftenI get AndI'm sending letters

In the first sentence, two complements answer the question WHAT? and refer to the same predicate, and in the second sentence two predicates are explained by one common addition.

Homogeneous members are usually expressed in words of one part of speech, as was the case in the sentences above, but can also be expressed in different parts speech. For example: He spoke slowly With long pauses. In this sentence, the first circumstance is expressed by an adverb, and the second by a noun with a preposition.

Homogeneous members in sentences can be extended, that is, they can have dependent words. Consider the following sentence carefully.

Guys filmedfrom the head of the cap andbowed.

Here there are two homogeneous predicates (REMOVED and BOWED): the first is extended by circumstance (FROM THE HEAD) and the object (HATS), and the second is not common (it has no dependent words).

One sentence can have several rows of homogeneous members. For example:

The moon rose and illuminated the road, field and houses of the village.

The first row of homogeneous members in this sentence is created by predicates, the second - by complements.

Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions

Several definitions may refer to the same word in a sentence, which may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. It is necessary to learn to distinguish between these two types of definitions, since homogeneous definitions in writing are separated by commas, and a comma is not placed between heterogeneous definitions.

1. Homogeneous definitions are pronounced with enumerative intonation and characterize the object from one side: by color, shape, size, and so on.

In the morning the sun hits the gazebo through purple, lilac, green and lemon foliage(Paustovsky).

This sentence contains four definitions for the word FOLIAGE; they are uniform, since they all name the color and are pronounced with the intonation of enumeration.

Heterogeneous definitions characterize an object from different angles and are pronounced without enumerative intonation, for example:

It was an unbearably hot July day(Turgenev).

The definition of HOT tells us about the weather, and the definition of JULY tells us what month this day was in.

Please note that homogeneous definitions can be combined coordinating conjunctions, and if there are no unions, then they can be easily inserted. Compare the three sentences below.

He spoke German, French, English language.
He spoke German, French and English.
He spoke German, French, and English.

2. Homogeneous definitions cannot be expressed by adjectives belonging to different lexical categories.

If definitions are expressed by adjectives, then you can determine whether they need to be separated by commas in the following way. It is known that adjectives are divided into three categories: qualitative, relative And possessive . If one word has definitions expressed by adjectives of different categories, then these definitions will be heterogeneous.

His old woman is standing on the porchExpensive sablewarmer jacket(Pushkin).

The word SOUL GREATER has two definitions: DEAR ( qualitative adjective) and SOBOLEY (relative adjective).

3. Definitions are considered heterogeneous if one definition is expressed by a pronoun or numeral, and the other by an adjective.

Look at the examples in the illustration.

Why don't you put it onyours newdress?
Finally we have waitedfirst warmdays.

4. Sometimes in works of art There may be sentences in which there are commas between definitions that characterize the subject from different angles.

Read sentences from the works of I. A. Bunin and A. P. Chekhov. In them, the authors strive to create a single, holistic idea of ​​an object or phenomenon, and such definitions can be considered homogeneous.

Has arrivedrainy, dirty, darkautumn(Chekhov).
Clear days have changedcold, bluish-gray, soundless(Bunin).

Punctuation in sentences with homogeneous members connected by coordinating conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions in Russian speech are divided into three categories: connective, divisive and adversative.

Meaning connecting unions can be conventionally designated by the phrase: “BOTH THIS AND THAT.” They connect two homogeneous members to each other. Meaning dividing conjunctions can be defined as follows: “EITHER THIS OR THAT.” Such unions indicate the possibility of only one homogeneous member out of several or their alternation. Meaning adversative unions is expressed differently: “NOT THIS, BUT THIS.” Opposite conjunctions contrast one homogeneous member with another. Consider examples of conjunctions of each category in the illustration.

Please note that the conjunction YES is written both in the column with connecting conjunctions and in the column with adversative conjunctions. The fact is that it can be used in two meanings. Compare two sayings: Without thread Yes needles cannot sew a fur coat And Small spool Yes roads. In the first saying, the conjunction YES can be replaced by AND, and in the second - by BUT.

Some coordinating conjunctions consist of several words, for example, AS... AND; NOT ONLY... BUT ALSO. Such unions are called compound.

The placement of commas in sentences where homogeneous members are connected by coordinating conjunctions depends on what category they belong to.

Before coordinating conjunctions connecting homogeneous members, a comma is placed in three cases:

1) if in a sentence homogeneous members are connected by an adversative conjunction:
The berry is red,Yes tastes bitter. The task is difficultbut interesting;

2) if homogeneous members are connected by repeating unions:
It's noisy in the forest alone,in the forest, I hear creepy,in the forest, I hear funny(Fet);

3) if homogeneous members are connected compound unions:
There will be a holidayNot only Today,but also Tomorrow..

Now let's turn to cases when there is no need to put a comma before conjunctions connecting homogeneous members.

1. If homogeneous members are connected by a single connecting or dividing conjunction, for example:

Minnows were splashing in the cagein the forest, I hear perches.
In this forest in the pine trees you may notice a squirrelor woodpecker.

2. If unions combine homogeneous members into pairs, for example:

There were many knives in his collection in the forest, I hear daggers, pistols in the forest, I hear guns, decorated with precious stones.

3. If two homogeneous members are connected by repeated unions, but form a stable combination: BOTH DAY AND NIGHT, AND LAUGHTER AND SIN, NEITHER YES NOR NO, NEITHER TWO AND A AND A HALF, NEITHER BACK NOR FORWARD and others.

We were woken upneither lightneither dawn.

Punctuation marks in sentences with generalizing words

Read the proposal carefully.

Conifers grew near the housetrees: spruce, pine, fir.

In this example there are four subjects, but it is impossible to call them all homogeneous, because the first of them - the word TREES - unites the subsequent ones in its meaning, or, conversely, the last three subjects specify and clarify the meaning of the first. Between the first subject and the subsequent ones, you can insert the question: “Which ones exactly?”

If one of the words in a sentence is specified, clarified by a number of homogeneous members, then such a word is called generalizing . Please note: the generalizing word is the same member of the sentence as the homogeneous members.

Generalizing words in sentences can be expressed by different parts of speech, but pronouns are especially often used in this capacity, for example:

Neither noble family, nor beauty, nor strength, nor wealth - nothing can escape trouble.(Pushkin) or It has always been this way: a hundred and three hundred years ago.

Generalizing words can also be expressed as whole phrases, for example:

Every day old Moses began to bringvarious large fish : pike, ide, chub, tench, perch(Aksakov).

In this sentence, the combination will be DIFFERENT LARGE FISH.

In sentences with generalizing words, punctuation marks are placed in accordance with the rule of three main points.

1. If a generalizing word comes before homogeneous members, then a colon is placed after it.

Yellow maple leaves layeverywhere : cars.

2. If a generalizing word comes after homogeneous members, then a dash is placed in front of it.

On paths, on benches, on roofs cars – everywhere yellow maple leaves lay.

3. If a generalizing word comes before homogeneous members, and after them the sentence continues, then a colon is placed after the generalizing word, and a dash is placed after the homogeneous members.

Everywhere : on paths, on benches, on roofs cars – yellow maple leaves lay.

Exercise

He lay on his back and looked at the sky for a long time.

The outlines of trees, sprinkled with rain and agitated by the wind, began to emerge from the darkness (Turgenev).

Exhausted_dirty_wet, we reached the shore (According to Turgenev).

In the deep silence, the clinking of a nightingale (Bunin) could be heard clearly and cautiously throughout the garden.

I collected my goodies and returned to my sister (Bunin).

Dew glistened on the wet, fragrant, thick flowers and herbs (Bunin).

The clatter of hooves and the ringing of wheels echoed like thunder and reverberated from four sides (According to Gogol).

Songs and screams were heard louder and louder through the streets (Gogol).

We took a rubber inflatable boat with us and at dawn we went beyond the edge of the coastal water lilies to fish. (Paustovsky)

The waiter put cold and hot appetizers on the table, as well as the main dish - stuffed salmon.

From somewhere outside came the restlessly growing, mighty, menacing noise of a huge crowd (Babel).

I threw a heavy lead sinker at the she-wolf (Paustovsky).

From here one could see a large neglected garden (A. Gaidar).

The menu offered a large selection of white_red wine_ as well as carbonated drinks_ and juices.

Evgeny Schwartz grew up in the small provincial southern city of Maykop.

In the depths of the garden stood an awkward two-story shed, and under the roof of this shed fluttered a small red flag (Gaidar).

It’s especially good in the gazebo on quiet autumn nights, when the leisurely, vertical rain makes a low noise in the garden (Paustovsky).

There are many gas_electric stoves_ and ovens on display at the exhibition.

Ahead is a deserted September day (Paustovsky).

He packed not only clothes but also books into the suitcase.

He decided to pack either clothes or books in his suitcase.

He took out a suitcase and put there_ shirts_ and ties_ and an album with photographs.

The album contained photographs of his wife_ and relatives_ and friends.

In the depths of the garden there was a small outbuilding with small windows that did not open either in winter or in summer.

There were already pies_ and pancakes, pancakes_ and cheesecakes on the table.

I'll order_ either ice cream_ or strawberry juice.

I'll order ice cream_ or strawberry pie_ or cheesecake.

I will order_ not only ice cream_ but also apple pie.

Before, Yegorushka had never seen steamboats, locomotives, or wide rivers (Chekhov).

He is well acquainted with the life of the landowner and the peasant and bourgeois (Turgenev).

On the left side you can see vast fields, forests, three or four villages, and in the distance the village of Kolomenskoye with its high palace (Karamzin).

And the deceptive wave of the blue sea in the hours of fatal bad weather_ and the sling_ and arrow_ and the crafty dagger_ spare the winner for years (Pushkin).

The palisade was hung with bunches of dried pears and apples and airy carpets (according to Gogol).

There were a lot of flowers growing there: crane peas, porridge, bluebells, forget-me-nots, field carnations (Turgenev).

He knows a lot about everything that is important_ and interesting for a Russian person_ in horses_ and in cattle_ in the forest_ in bricks_ and in dishes_ in red goods_ and in leather goods_ in songs_ and dances (Turgenev).

The hare has many enemies: the wolf and the fox and man.

Whether at home or on the street or at a party, he felt someone’s gaze on him everywhere.

Tatyana prepared everything necessary for embroidery: multi-colored threads, beads, sequins, beads.

In our department store you can purchase various_ hats_ caps_ hats_ winter_ and sports hats.

Everywhere_ in the club_ on the streets_ on benches at the gates_ in houses_ noisy conversations took place (Garshin).

Everything merged, everything mixed up: earth_ air_ sky.

The next day, very tasty crayfish pies and lamb cutlets (Chekhov) were served for breakfast.

There were no human feelings left in him - neither love for his son nor compassion for his neighbor.

Deciduous trees_ aspen_ alder_ birch_ are still bare (Soloukhin).

The dew drops shimmered with all the colors of the rainbow: red_ yellow_ green_ purple.

It was joyfully young both in heaven and on earth and in the heart of man (Tolstoy).

1. _ and fatal secrets of the grave, fate_ and life in their turn_ everything was subject to their judgment (Pushkin).

And the shepherd driving the cows and the land surveyor riding in a chaise across the dam and the gentlemen walking all look at the sunset and every single one of them finds that it is terribly beautiful, but no one knows or will say what the beauty is (Chekhov).

And the fact that they were sitting in the living room, where everything—the chandelier in its case—and the armchairs—and the carpets under their feet—said that these same people, who were now looking out of the frames, had once walked, sat, and drank tea, and the fact that it was now silent here beautiful Pelageya walked - it was better than any stories (Chekhov).

Sometimes it happens that the clouds crowd in disarray on the horizon, and the sun, hiding behind them, paints them and the sky in all sorts of colors: crimson, orange, gold, purple, dirty pink; one cloud looks like a monk, another like a fish, the third like a Turk in a turban (Chekhov).

The glow covered a third of the sky, glitters in the church cross_ and in the glass of the manor's house_ reflects in the river_ and in the puddles_ trembles in the trees; far, far away against the background of dawn a flock of wild ducks is flying somewhere to spend the night... (Chekhov).

Imagine... a cropped head with thick_ low-hanging eyebrows_ with a bird's nose_ with a long_ gray mustache_ and a wide mouth from which a long_ cherry chibouk sticks out; this head is clumsily glued to a skinny, hunchbacked body, dressed in a fantastic suit, a scanty red jacket and wide, bright blue trousers; this figure walked with his legs apart and shuffling shoes, spoke without removing his chibouk from his mouth, and carried himself with purely Armenian dignity, did not smile, did not widen his eyes, and tried to pay as little attention to his guests as possible.

A good conductor, conveying the composer’s thoughts, does twenty things at once: reads the score, waves his baton, follows the singer, moves towards the drum, then the horn, and so on. (Chekhov).

Alien people_ alien nature_ pathetic culture_ all this, brother, is not as easy as walking along Nevsky in a fur coat, arm in arm with Nadezhda Fedorovna_ and dreaming of warm lands (Chekhov).

Hatred for von Koren_ and anxiety_ all disappeared from the soul (Chekhov).

Sentences with homogeneous members are those sentences in which there are two or more members of the sentence that answer the same question, are interconnected by the type of coordinating connection and relate to the same member of the sentence.

In a sentence with homogeneous members, there may be two or more subjects with one predicate, two or more predicates with one subject, several minor members of the sentence, dependent on one of the members of the sentence.

Sentences with homogeneous subjects

With homogeneous subjects, the predicate stands in plural. If homogeneous subjects are combined using an interrogative particle -gu, -ku, -ӈу, then the predicate is in singular form.

Munӈidu tatkittuvun asatkar, beetker umukendu tatchara. At our school, boys and girls study together. Oron-ӈу, ӈinakin-ӈу imannadu koӈloderon? Is it a deer or a dog turning black in the snow? Etyrken, atyrkan bidechetyn. There lived an old man and an old woman.

Sentences with homogeneous predicates

Kuakar tatkittu taodyavkil, dukudyavkil, onedevkil, evidevkil. Children at school read, write, draw, play. Nuaryn was an alumnist, agronomist, and engineer. They became teachers, agronomists, and engineers. Nuan tadu havaldyaran-ӈu, derumkichederen-ӈu? Does he work or vacation there?

Sentences with homogeneous additions

Aminmi sulakilva, dyantakilva, ulukilwe vavki. My father kills foxes, wolverines, and squirrels. Bi kuӈakarve-da, sagdylva-da alagudyaӈav. I will teach both children and adults. Bu agidu diktelve, deginӈektelve, nyaӈtalva tevledeӈkivun. We collected berries, mushrooms, and nuts in the taiga.

Sentences with homogeneous definitions

Gudey, hegdy iyechi beyun ure oedun ilichachan. A beautiful wild deer with large antlers stood at the top of the hill. Bi burgumemeve, hegdyve oronmo dyavam. I caught a very fat, big deer. Eninni gorodtuk koonomolvo, hulamalva, bagdamalva tomkolvo emevren. Mother brought black, red, and white threads from the city.

Sentences with homogeneous circumstances

Kuakar, tymatne tatkittula ennedenel, taduk dolboltono tatkittuk muchudyanal, gulevevun iltenivkil. On their way to school in the morning and on their way back from school in the evening, children pass by our house. Agida, ureldu, biral dyapkaldutyn kete ergechir chukal bisi. There is a lot of such grass in the taiga, on the hills and on the banks of rivers. Nuan okin-da himat, ayat dukudyavki. He always writes quickly and well.

Each of the homogeneous members of the sentence can have explanatory words. Most often, explanatory words have homogeneous predicates.

Tar hunat akinmi tetygelven tetten, akinmi murinman eriren. That girl put on her brother's clothes and called her brother's horse. Nuartyn ororvor inilvetyn gara, dyula ire. They took the packs of deer and entered the house. Taril beel mova iruchal, sukeldi toktochol, togodu ilachal. Those people dragged the tree, cut it with axes, and burned it on fire. Dyalvi biraӈmar daptudun bidechel, beyurve vadechal. Relatives lived at the mouth of the river, killing animals.

1. Homogeneous members- These are sentence members that usually answer the same question and are associated with the same word in the sentence.

Homogeneous members- these are identical members of a sentence, united with each other by a coordinating connection.

Homogeneous members can be both main and secondary members of a sentence.

For example: Forest humus and moss absorb this rain slowly and thoroughly(Paustovsky). This sentence has two rows of homogeneous members: homogeneous subjects humus And moss correspond to one predicate - absorb; homogeneous circumstances of the course of action slowly, thoroughly depend on the predicate ( absorb(How?) slowly, thoroughly).

2. Homogeneous members are usually expressed by the same part of speech.

Wed: humus And moss- nouns in the nominative case.

But homogeneous members can also be morphologically heterogeneous:

A young man came in twenty-five years old, resplendent in health, . In this sentence, among homogeneous definitions, the first is expressed by a noun phrase in the genitive case ( twenty-five years old ), the second - participial phrase ( resplendent in health ), the third - a combination three nouns in the instrumental case with the preposition с with the dependent participle ( with laughing cheeks, lips and eyes ).

Note. Sometimes a coordinating connection can also connect opposite parts of a sentence, for example: It is unknown who and how spread the news of the death of old Sokjoy throughout the taiga(Fedoseev). Conjunctive words in a subordinate clause are different members of the sentence (subject Who and the circumstance of the course of action How, but they are connected by the coordinating conjunction and ).

Note!

The following are not homogeneous members of the sentence:

1) repeated words used to emphasize the multitude of objects, the duration of an action, its repetition, etc.

We seemed to be floating in the air and spinning, spinning, spinning; White fragrant daisies run back and forth under his feet(Kuprin).

Such combinations of words are considered as a single member of the sentence;

2) repetitive identical shapes, connected by a particle not, like this: believe it or not, try, don’t try, write like this, write like this, work like this, work like this;

3) combinations of two verbs, the first of which is lexically incomplete: I’ll take it and tell you, I took it and complained, I’ll go and have a look and so on.;

4) stable combinations with double conjunctions, between which there is no comma (!):

neither back nor forward, neither for anything nor about anything, neither fish nor fowl, nor sleep nor spirit, and laughter and sin, and this way and that and etc.

3. Homogeneous members are connected by intonation (non-union connection) and coordinating conjunctions or only by intonation. If homogeneous members are separated by a comma, then commas are placed only between them. There are no commas before the first homogeneous term and after the last homogeneous term (!).

Punctuation marks for homogeneous members

A) Non-union connection- comma between homogeneous members is put.

For example: He cried and stomped kicks(M. Gorky); Here and there along the road you come across a gloomy broom or young birch (L. Tolstoy).

Note. Conjunctions and, yes, yes and can have a connecting meaning (meaning “and moreover”). These unions introduce not homogeneous, but connecting members of the sentence. In this case, a comma is placed before the conjunction. Wed: People laughed at him, and rightly so.(Panova). - People laughed at him, and rightly so; What can you tell a sculptor to do, and a bad one at that?(Turgenev). - What can you tell a sculptor to do, and a bad one at that?

C) Repeating connecting conjunctions(and...and; neither...nor) and repeated disjunctive conjunctions (or or; or either; then... then; not that... not that is put.

and O, and O; neither O nor O; then O, then O

For example: Neither the earth, nor the trees, nor the sky could be seen; But Vasily Lvovich either did not hear her words, or did not attach real meaning to them(Kuprin).

Note!

1) If conjunctions are repeated, then punctuation marks are placed in the same way as in a non-union connection, that is, between homogeneous members (a comma is not placed before the first homogeneous member and after the last homogeneous member!).

Wed: Neither the earth, nor the trees, nor the sky was visible anymore. - The earth, trees, and sky were no longer visible.

2) A comma is placed between all homogeneous members also in the case when only part of them is connected by repeating unions, and the rest are connected by a non-union part.

Wed: He is blind, stubborn, impatient, and frivolous, and arrogant(Pushkin). - He is blind, stubborn, impatient, frivolous, arrogant.

3) If a conjunction connects homogeneous members in pairs, then a comma is placed only in front of paired groups.

I'm happy and strong, free and young(Bryusov).

Paired conjunctions can be connected by a repeating conjunction and.

Mines exploded both near and far, to the right and to the left.

4) With two homogeneous members with a repeating conjunction, a comma may not be placed if the homogeneous members form a close semantic unity (such homogeneous members do not have explanatory words):

and brothers and sisters, and parents and children, and body and soul, and poetry and prose, and days and nights, and knives and forks and etc.

Most often, such unities form antonymic pairs:

and glory and shame, and love and hate, and joy and sorrow and etc.

5) A comma is not placed inside complete phraseological phrases with two repeated conjunctions and or neither:

and day and night, and laughter and sorrow, and old and young, and this way and that, and here and there, neither more nor less, neither back nor forward, neither alive nor dead, neither yes nor no, neither day nor night, neither end nor edge, neither fluff nor feather, neither fish nor meat, neither one nor the other, neither add nor subtract and etc.

6) If the conjunction is repeated in a sentence not with homogeneous members, then a comma is not placed between them.

At home and at work he searched and found no peace(the first conjunction connects the circumstances of the place: at home and at work; the second conjunction connects homogeneous predicates: searched and didn't find).

D) Opposing alliances(a, but, but, yes = but, however = but) - a comma between homogeneous terms is put.

O, and O; Oh, but Oh; Oh, however Oh; Oh, but O

For example: It looks good, but it’s green(Krylov); Now the sea did not shine entirely, but only in several places (Kataev); Our shelter is small, but calm(Lermontov).

Note!

1) After the last homogeneous member connected by an adversative conjunction, a comma is not placed.

It’s not the race, but the mind that I will put as a governor(Pushkin).

2) Union, however, should be distinguished from introductory word however: the conjunction however can be replaced by the synonymous conjunction but. If however is a conjunction, then the comma is placed only before it.

Wed: The task was not difficult, but time-consuming. - The task was not difficult, but labor-intensive.

If however is an introductory word, then commas are placed on both sides.

He, however, remained calm.

D) Double and paired unions (if not... then; if not..., then; although..., but also; both... and; not only but; not so much..., but; as much... as; not that..., but; not that... but) - comma between homogeneous terms is put.

For example: The glow spread not only over the city center, but also far around(Fadeev); I have instructions from both the judge and all our friends to reconcile you with your friend(Gogol); For Alevtina Vasilievna, although familiar, the power of Erofey Kuzmich was heavy(Bubenkov).

Note!

1) Homogeneous members with double and paired conjunctions are separated by only one comma, which is placed before the second part of the conjunction. A comma is not placed either before the first homogeneous term or after the last homogeneous term. To avoid mistakes in placing punctuation marks, omit the double conjunction: a comma is placed between homogeneous members, as in a non-union connection.

Wed: The glow spread not only above the city center, but also far around. - The glow spread above the city center, far around ; I have instructions from both the judge and all our friends to reconcile you with your friend. - I have instructions from the judge, from all our friends, to reconcile you with your friend; For Alevtina Vasilievna, although familiar, the power of Erofey Kuzmich was heavy. - For Alevtina Vasilyevna, the power of Erofey Kuzmich was familiar and heavy.

2) Parts of some double and paired conjunctions have homonyms - subordinating conjunctions used in subordinate clauses: if, although, how, what, in order. Subordinate clauses(with these and other conjunctions), if they are inside the main sentence, are separated by commas on both sides.

Wed: Then, to calm down a little, I took up the book; Then I though my thoughts We were in the laboratory and picked up a book.

Therefore, when placing punctuation marks, be sure to pay attention to what these forms are ( subordinating conjunction or part of a double and paired conjunction) and what they connect (homogeneous members or the main clause with a subordinate clause).

Note. Conjunctions and also, or even may have a connecting meaning (meaning “and moreover”). Please note that there is no comma after the second homogeneous member of a sentence with such a conjunction. For example: Happens difficult, if not impossible immediately understand such a situation.

4. Homogeneous members can be combined with a generalizing word. General word is the same member of the sentence as other homogeneous members, answers the same question, but has a general meaning:

a generalizing word denotes a whole, and homogeneous members denote parts of this whole:

Behind the village from the hill one could see city: block squares, brick buildings, overflowing gardens, church spiers(Sholokhov);

a general word denotes a generic ( general concept), and homogeneous members are specific (more particular concepts):

Screamed piercingly bird: roosters, geese, turkeys(Fadeev).

Generalizing words are expressed by different parts of speech, but most often by pronouns and pronominal adverbs and nouns:

Punctuation marks for homogeneous members with generalizing words

Punctuation marks for homogeneous members with generalizing words depend on the position of the generalizing word in relation to homogeneous members and on the position of homogeneous members together with the generalizing word in the sentence as a whole.

A) If the generalizing word is before homogeneous members, then before the first homogeneous term is placed colon. : above your head, under your feet and next to you - iron lives, rumbles, celebrating its victories (M. Gorky).

For example: But neither fences nor houses - nothing hasn't changed as much as people(Chekhov).

Note!

If after homogeneous members there is an introductory word before the generalizing word ( in a word, in a word, in short etc.), then a dash is placed before the introductory word, and a comma after the introductory word.

He sings about the scythe, about the arable land, about the harvest, about the sweat of labor - in a word, about everything that we, decent people, are used to looking down on(Saltykov-Shchedrin).

Plan for parsing homogeneous members

1. Indicate which members of the sentence are homogeneous members and what grammatical forms they are expressed.
2. Indicate how homogeneous members are connected to each other (non-union connection, allied connection - type of union or unions).
3. If there is a generalizing word, indicate its position in relation to homogeneous members (before or after homogeneous members).
4. Punctuation marks for homogeneous members.

Sample parsing

Everywhere: above your head, under your feet and next to you - iron lives, rumbles, celebrating its victories(M. Gorky).

This sentence is complicated by homogeneous circumstances of place, expressed by nouns in the indirect case with a preposition ( above your head, under your feet) and adverb ( near). The first two circumstances are connected by a non-union connection, therefore they are separated by a comma ( above your head, under your feet). The second and third circumstances are connected by a single connecting conjunction and, therefore they are not separated by a comma ( under your feet and nearby). Homogeneous members have a generalizing word ( everywhere), expressed by a pronominal adverb. The generalizing word comes before homogeneous members, so a colon is placed after it. Since the sentence does not end with homogeneous members, a dash is placed after them.

Punctuation marks in a simple complex sentence

Homogeneous members of the sentence:

1. Answering the same question
2. Depend on the same word
3. Pronounced with enumerative intonation

Homogeneous members of the sentence- these are members of the same name that are connected to each other coordinating connection and perform the same syntactic function in a sentence, that is, they are united by the same relationships to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members can be connected by coordinating conjunctions and pronounced with “intonation of enumeration.” In the absence of conjunctions and when they are repeated, homogeneous members are also connected by connecting pauses.

Details in the video:

Remember!

Firstly, homogeneous members of a sentence are NOT ALWAYS the same part of speech. The most important thing is that they answer the same question and depend on the same word!

Secondly, ANY MEMBERS of a sentence can be homogeneous: the subject, the predicate, the attribute, the complement, and the circumstance.

Examples

Let us denote a homogeneous term by ?.

Rule.

Homogeneous sentence members can be used
no unions	with single unions	with repeated conjunctions	with double conjunctions
?,?,? Roses, lilies, and chamomiles bloomed in the garden.	connecting conjunctions, yes (= and), or Suddenly a storm cameANDfrequent hail. The garden is fragrant with autumn freshness, leaves and fruits. adversative conjunctionsa, but, yes (= but), but, however The heart is not opened with an iron key, but with kindness.	or or or either not that... not that 1) and?, and?, and? or?, or?, or? I'm imaginingTHATnoisy feasts,THATmilitary camp,THATcombat fights. Do not you hear me ,ORDo not understand ,ORjust ignore it. Blizzards ANDblizzard, coldANDdarkness did not prevent the polar explorers from landing on the ice floes.	not only but both...and if not...then not so much as although...but A comma is placed before the second part of the conjunction! not only but? how?, so and? You can remember these normsHOWmasters of sports,SO ANDfor beginners

Trap #1!

A sentence may have several rows of homogeneous members, so distinguish between constructions with homogeneous members of the sentence connected by repeating conjunctions, and constructions with several rows of homogeneous members that are connected within a row by a single conjunction.

Trees and grasses in summer and at the very beginning of autumn are lush and fresh.

(This is a sentence with three rows of homogeneous members: two homogeneous subjects, two homogeneous predicates and two homogeneous adverbials)

There are no commas anywhere!

Thin rain fell on forests, fields, and the wide Dnieper.

This is one series of homogeneous members, so they depend on one verb “sown”, answer one question - Where? and are circumstances, therefore a comma is placed as in repeated conjunctions.

Trap #2!

Phraseological phrases(stable combinations of words, no comma inside them):

• Out of the blue
• And day and night
• Both old and young
• And laughter and grief
• And here and there
• Neither back nor forward
• Neither yes nor no
• No way about anything
• Neither fish nor fowl
• Neither light nor dawn
• Not a word or a breath

Algorithm of actions.

1) In each sentence, find homogeneous members of the sentence (see three signs of homogeneous members at the very beginning of the chapter).

2) Determine how many rows of homogeneous members there are in the sentence. Consider each of the rows separately from each other.

3) Mark what kind of unions they are connected with: without a union, single, repeating or double union.

4) Build a diagram and place commas.

Analysis of the task.

Specify a sentence in which you need to put one

1) Along the sides of the path, rose hips stood like high and steep walls and bloomed with scarlet and damp fire.

2) Only the tops of the trees and the winding edge of the opposite bank were visible.

3) His hand and face and blue overalls were shiny with soot and machine oil.

4) Pushkin’s life took place in the atmosphere of secret societies both in St. Petersburg and later in the south.

Answer option #1.

Read Trap #1 again.

We find homogeneous members of the sentence. There are three rows here: tall and steep(which ones?, depend on the word « walls » ),stood and bloomed(what did you do?), scarlet and wet(which way?, depend on the word “fire”). Three rows of homogeneous members of a sentence, each of which is connected internally by a single conjunction AND, so no commas are required.

Answer option No. 2.

The sentence has one row of homogeneous members: tops and edges(what?, depend on the word “were visible”). They are connected by a single union Yes in meaning in the forest, I hear

Answer option No. 3.

The sentence has two rows of homogeneous members. Firstly, hand and face and overalls(what?, are subjects) that are connected by a repeating conjunction in the forest, I hear. We place commas after each homogeneous member of the sentence: His hand, and his face, and his blue overalls. Secondly, from soot and oil(from what?, depend on “glossy”), they are connected by a single conjunction in the forest, I hear, so no comma is required.

Answer option No. 4.

One row of homogeneous members of a sentence: both in St. Petersburg and in the south(where?, depend on the word “passed”). They are bound by a double alliance both... and, therefore we will place a comma only before the second part of the union, that is: both in St. Petersburg and in the south.

Thus, the correct option is answer No. 4.

Practice.

1. Specify the sentence in which you want to put one comma. (There are no punctuation marks.)

1) Official medicine opposes self-medication and treatment with untested means.

2) The northern regions turned out to be unequal both in terms of population and economic development opportunities.

3) Sometimes medicinal plants completely lose their medicinal properties or retain them to a small extent.

4) The swans swam majestically along the river or circled over the water or rested near their house.

2. Specify the sentence in which you want to put one comma. (There are no punctuation marks.)

1) On the same lilac bush I saw yellow leaves and buds that began to swell.

2) The gander talked to himself in a hoarse bass voice and picked up the spilled seeds.

3) Our culture is strong not only and not so much by figures from the capital, but by residents of the outback.