Dumas "The Three Musketeers" - summary. Dumas "The Three Musketeers" - summary of D'Artagnan and the Three Musketeers summary

The novel, written by Alexandre Dumas, tells the story of a young Gascon nobleman named Charles d'Artagnan and his adventures.

The plot begins with the protagonist's journey to Paris with the goal of becoming part of a musketeer regiment. Along the way, he becomes involved in a skirmish with Count Rochefort, a confidant of Cardinal Richelieu, the shadow leader of France. At the end of the fight, the letter of recommendation that d'Artagnan needed to join the musketeer regiment was stolen.

Upon arrival in Paris, the Gascon meets with the captain of the royal musketeers, de Treville, who invited him to serve in another regiment in order to earn a musketeer's cloak.

By chance, immediately after this, d’Artagnan insulted three experienced musketeers at once: Athos, Porthos and Aramis, for which he received three challenges to a duel. However, the duel was not destined to come true; it was interrupted by the appearance of guardsmen who intended to arrest four attackers who did not take into account the law prohibiting duels. After defeating the superior forces of the guards, the musketeers and d'Artagnan became friends.

The main character begins a new life in the capital, he rents a house from the haberdasher Bonacieux, whose wife, Constance, he soon falls in love with.

Constance asks the protagonist for help to Queen Anne of Austria, whom the haberdasher's wife faithfully serves.

The help consists of returning the diamond pendants that the queen gave to the English minister, Duke of Buckingham, who was madly in love with her. Cardinal Richelieu learned of the queen's misconduct and decided to compromise her by convincing the king to hold a ball at which the queen should wear those same pendants.

The Gascon turned to his friends for help. Together they went to London to defend the queen's honor. Along the way, the musketeers will have to leave d'Artagnan behind due to various obstacles on their way. Ultimately, the protagonist arrives alone in London and returns the pendants.

After these events, the king begins the siege of La Rochelle - a rebellious fortress, a refuge for the Huguenots.

The Three Musketeers and D'Artagnan, who has already received a musketeer's cloak for his services, show themselves brilliantly during the siege.

Due to political circumstances, Richelieu wishes Buckingham dead, and sends Milady, his confidant, a talented poisoner and seductress, to London. Thanks to the warnings of the musketeers, who accidentally found out about this, Milady is arrested as soon as she sets foot on English lands. However, she manages to seduce the captain of the guard, Felton, who frees her and kills Buckingham.

Milady returns to her native land and hides in the Carmelite monastery, where the protagonist’s beloved is also located. Milady gained her trust and wanted to kidnap her, but with the unexpected appearance of the musketeers, her plans change. She poisons Constance and attempts to escape. The heroes hunt down the villainess and put her to death.

At the end of these events, Porthos marries a rich widow, Aramis devotes himself to serving the Lord, and Athos remains for 2 years to serve under d’Artagnan, who became a lieutenant of the musketeers thanks to the assistance of Richelieu, who appreciated the Gascon’s potential.

On the first Monday in April 1625, the population of the town of Meng on the outskirts of Paris seemed excited as if the Huguenots had decided to turn it into a second fortress of La Rochelle; A young man of eighteen rode into Meng on a red gelding without a tail.
His appearance, clothing and manners caused a flurry of ridicule in the crowd of townspeople. The horseman, however, did not pay attention to them, as befits a nobleman who considers it shameful to sort things out with commoners. Another thing is an insult inflicted by an equal: d'Artagnan (that's the name of our hero) rushes with a naked sword at a noble gentleman in black; however, several townspeople with a club come running to help him. Having woken up, d'Artagnan finds neither the offender nor, which is much more serious, his father's letter of recommendation to his old comrade, the captain of the royal musketeers, Mr. de Treville, with a request to appoint his son, who has reached the age of majority, for military service.
His Majesty's Musketeers are the flower of the guard, people without fear or reproach, and therefore they get away with their independent and reckless behavior. At that hour, when d'Artagnan is waiting to be received by de Treville, Mr. Captain inflicts another brainwash (which, however, does not entail sad consequences) on his three favorites - Athos, Porto and Aramis.
De Treville, it should be noted, was outraged not by the fact that they started a fight with the guards of Cardinal Richelieu, but by allowing themselves to be arrested. . . What a disgrace! Talking with de Treville, who received the young d'Artagnan very kindly, the young man sees a stranger from Meng outside the window and rushes headlong into the street, hitting three musketeers in turn on the stairs. All three challenge him to a duel. The stranger in black manages to sneak away, but at the appointed hour Athos, Porthos and Aramis are waiting for d'Artagnan at the appointed place. The matter takes an unexpected turn: the swords of all four are drawn together against the omnipresent guards of the Duke of Richelieu. The musketeers are convinced that the young Gascon is not only a bully, but also a real brave man who wields weapons no worse than them, and they accept d'Artagnan into their company.
Richelieu complains to the king: the musketeers have become completely insolent. Louis XIII is more intrigued than upset.
He wants to know who this unknown fourth one is, who was with Athos, Porthos and Aramis. De Treville introduces the Gascon to His Majesty - and the king enlists d'Artagnan to serve in his guard.
D'Artagnan, who is staying in his house, about whose valor rumors are already spreading in Paris, is approached by the haberdasher Bonacieux: yesterday his young wife, chambermaid to Her Majesty Queen Anne of Austria, was kidnapped. By all accounts, the kidnapper is a stranger from Meng. The reason for the kidnapping is not the charm of Madame Bonacieux, but her closeness to the queen: Lord Buckingham, lover of Anne of Austria, is in Paris. Madame Bonacieux can lead to his trail. The queen is in danger: the king has left her and is now being pursued by Richelieu, she is losing her faithful people one after another; in addition to everything (or above all), she is a Spaniard in love with an Englishman, and Spain and England are the main opponents of France in the political arena. Following Constance, Mr. Bonacieux himself was kidnapped; in their house a trap is set against Lord Buckingham or someone close to him.
One night, d'Artagnan hears commotion and muffled female cries in the house. It was Madame Bonacieux, who escaped from custody, who again fell into a mousetrap - now in her own home.
D'Artagnan takes her away from Richelieu's people and hides her in Athos's apartment.
Watching all her exits into the city, he lies in wait for Constance in the company of a man in a musketeer uniform.
Did his friend Athos really decide to take the rescued beauty away from him? The jealous man quickly reconciles himself: Madame Bonacieux's companion is Lord Buckingham, whom she takes to the Louvre on a date with the queen. Constance initiates d'Artagnan into the secrets of her mistress's heart. He promises to protect the queen and Buckingham as her own; this conversation becomes their declaration of love.
Buckingham leaves Paris, taking away Queen Anne's gift - twelve diamond pendants. Having learned about this, Richelieu advises the king to organize a big ball, where the queen should appear in pendants - those that are now kept in London, in Buckingham's box.
He foresees the shame of the queen who rejected his claims and sends one of his best secret agents, my lady, to England. Winter: she must steal two pendants from Buckingham - even if the other ten miraculously return to Paris for the big ball, the cardinal will be able to prove the queen’s fault. D'Artagnan races with Milady Winter to England. Milady succeeds in what the cardinal entrusted to her; however, time is on d'Artagnan's side, and he delivers ten pendants of the queen and two more exactly the same, made by a London jeweler in less than two days, to the Louvre! The cardinal is put to shame, the queen is saved, d'Artagnan is accepted into the musketeers and rewarded with the love of Constance. Richelieu learns about the valor of the newly minted musketeer and entrusts his care to the treacherous Milady Winter.
While plotting against d'Artagnan and instilling in him a strong and contradictory passion, Milady simultaneously seduces the Comte de Wardes, a man who interfered with the Gascon on his journey to London, sent by the cardinal to help Milady. Katie, my lady's maid, being crazy about the young musketeer, shows him her mistress's letters to de Ward. D'Artagnan, under the guise of Comte de Wardes, comes on a date with Milady and, unrecognized by her in the dark, receives a diamond ring as a sign of love.
D'Artagnan hastens to present his adventure to his friends as a funny joke; Athos, however, becomes gloomy at the sight of the ring. Milady's ring evokes a painful memory in him. This is a family jewel, given by him on the night of love to the one whom he revered as an angel and who in reality was a branded criminal, thief and murderer, who broke the heart of Athos.
Athos's story is soon confirmed: on Milady's bare shoulder, her ardent lover d'Artagnan notices a brand in the form of a lily - a seal of eternal shame.
From now on he is my lady's enemy.
He is privy to her secret. He refused to kill Lord Winter in a duel - he only disarmed him, after which he reconciled with him (the brother of her late husband and the uncle of her little son) - but she has long been striving to take possession of the entire Winter fortune! Milady also failed in her plan to pit d'Artagnan against de Bard.

Year of writing:

1844

Reading time:

Description of the work:

The novel "The Three Musketeers" was written by Alexandre Dumas in 1844. It is interesting that the image of the main character, d’Artagnan, was created on the basis of a real living person (Charles de Batz-Castelmore). Like the main character of the novel, this man died during the siege of Maastricht.

The Three Musketeers is one of the most frequently filmed novels in the world. In addition, the novel was so popular that subsequently many sequels were written dedicated to the heroes of the work.

Read the summary of the adventure novel The Three Musketeers.

Summary of the novel
Three Musketeers

On the first Monday of April 1625, the population of the town of Meung on the outskirts of Paris seemed excited as if the Huguenots had decided to turn it into a second fortress of Larochelle: a young man of eighteen years old rode into Meung on a chestnut gelding without a tail. His appearance, clothing and manners caused a flurry of ridicule in the crowd of townspeople. The horseman, however, does not pay attention to them, as befits a nobleman who considers it shameful to sort things out with commoners. Another thing is an insult inflicted by an equal: d’Artagnan (that’s the name of our hero) rushes with a naked sword at a noble gentleman in black; However, several townspeople with an oak tree come running to his aid. Having woken up, d’Artagnan finds neither the offender nor, what is much more serious, his father’s letter of recommendation to his old comrade, the captain of the royal musketeers, Mr. de Treville, with a request to appoint his son, who has reached the age of majority, for military service.

His Majesty's Musketeers are the color of the guard, people without fear or reproach, for which they get away with independent and reckless behavior. At that hour, when d’Artagnan is waiting to be received by de Treville, Mr. Captain inflicts another head-shaking (which, however, does not entail sad consequences) on his three favorites - Athos, Porthos and Aramis. De Treville, it should be noted, was outraged not by the fact that they started a fight with the guards of Cardinal Richelieu, but allowed themselves to be arrested... What a shame!

Talking with de Treville (who received the young d'Artagnan very kindly), the young man sees a stranger from Meng outside the window - and rushes headlong into the street, hitting three musketeers in turn on the stairs. All three challenge him to a duel. The stranger in black manages to sneak away, but at the appointed hour Athos, Porthos and Aramis are waiting for d’Artagnan at the appointed place. Things take an unexpected turn; the swords of all four are drawn together against the omnipresent guards of the Duke of Richelieu. The musketeers are convinced that the young Gascon is not only a bully, but also a real brave man who wields weapons no worse than them, and they accept d’Artagnan into their company.

Richelieu complains to the king: the musketeers have become completely insolent. Louis XIII is more intrigued than upset. He wants to know who this unknown fourth person was, who was with Athos, Porthos and Aramis. De Treville introduces the Gascon to His Majesty - and the king enlists d'Artagnan to serve in his guard.

D'Artagnan, who is staying in his house, about whose valor rumors are already spreading throughout Paris, is approached by the haberdasher Bonacieux: yesterday his young wife, chambermaid to Her Majesty Queen Anne of Austria, was kidnapped. By all accounts, the kidnapper is a stranger from Meng. The reason for the kidnapping is not the charms of Madame Bonacieux, but her closeness to the queen: Lord Buckingham, lover of Anne of Austria, is in Paris. Madame Bonacieux can lead to his trail. The queen is in danger: the king has abandoned her, she is being pursued by Richelieu, who lusts after her, she is losing her faithful people one after another; in addition to everything (or above all), she is a Spaniard in love with an Englishman, and Spain and England are the main opponents of France in the political arena. Following Constance, Mr. Bonacieux himself was kidnapped; in their house a trap is set against Lord Buckingham or someone close to him.

One night, d'Artagnan hears commotion and muffled female cries in the house. It was Madame Bonacieux, who escaped from custody, who again fell into a mousetrap - now in her own home. D'Artagnan takes her away from Richelieu's people and hides her in Athos's apartment.

Watching all her exits into the city, he lies in wait for Constance in the company of a man in a musketeer uniform. Has his friend Athos really decided to take the saved beauty away from him? The jealous man quickly reconciles himself: Madame Bonacieux's companion is Lord Buckingham, whom she takes to the Louvre on a date with the queen. Constance initiates d'Artagnan into the secrets of her mistress's heart. He promises to protect the queen and Buckingham as herself; this conversation becomes their declaration of love.

Buckingham leaves Paris, taking away Queen Anne's gift - twelve diamond pendants. Having learned about this, Richelieu advises the king to organize a big ball, to which the queen should appear in pendants - those that are now kept in London, in Buckingham's box. He foresees the shame of the queen who rejected his claims - and sends one of his best secret agents, Milady Winter, to England: she must steal two pendants from Buckingham - even if the other ten miraculously return to Paris for the big ball, the cardinal will be able to prove the queen’s flawedness. Racing with Milady Winter, d'Artagnan rushes to England. Milady succeeds in what the cardinal entrusted to her; however, time is on d’Artagnan’s side - and he delivers ten pendants of the queen and two more exactly the same, made by a London jeweler to the Louvre in less than two days! The cardinal is put to shame, the queen is saved, d’Artagnan is accepted into the Musketeers and rewarded with the love of Constance. There are, however, losses: Richelieu learns about the valor of the newly minted musketeer and entrusts the treacherous Milady Winter to take care of him.

Weaving intrigues against d’Artagnan and instilling in him a strong and contradictory passion, my lady at the same time seduces the Count de Wardes, a man who served as an obstacle to the Gascon on his journey to London, sent by the cardinal to help my lady. Katie, my lady's maid, being crazy about the young musketeer, shows him her mistress's letters to de Ward. D'Artagnan, under the guise of Comte de Wardes, comes on a date with Milady and, unrecognized by her in the dark, receives a diamond ring as a sign of love. D'Artagnan hastens to present his adventure to his friends as a funny joke; Athos, however, becomes gloomy at the sight of the ring. Milady's ring evokes a painful memory in him. This is a family jewel, given by him on the night of love to the one whom he revered as an angel and who in reality was a branded criminal, thief and murderer who broke the heart of Athos. Athos’s story is soon confirmed: on Milady’s bare shoulder, her ardent lover d’Artagnan notices a brand in the form of a lily - a seal of eternal shame.

From now on he is my lady's enemy. He is privy to her secret. He refused to kill Lord Winter in a duel - he only disarmed him, after which he reconciled with him (the brother of her late husband and the uncle of her little son) - but she has long been striving to take possession of the entire Winter fortune! Milady also failed in her plan to pit d’Artagnan against de Bard. Milady's pride is wounded, but so is Richelieu's ambition. Having invited d’Artagnan to serve in his guards regiment and having been refused, the cardinal warns the young impudent man: “From the moment you lose my patronage, no one will give a penny for your life!”...

A soldier's place is in war. Taking a vacation from de Treville, d'Artagnan and his three friends set off for the outskirts of Larochelle, a port city that opened the gates to the French borders for the British. By closing them for England, Cardinal Richelieu completes the work of Joan of Arc and the Duke of Guise. Victory over England for Richelieu is not so much about ridding the king of France from the enemy, but about taking revenge on a more successful rival in love for the queen. Buckingham is the same: in this military campaign he seeks to satisfy personal ambitions. He prefers to return to Paris not as an envoy, but as a triumphant. The real stake in this bloody game played by the two most powerful powers is the favorable glance of Anne of Austria. The British besiege the fortress of Saint-Martin and Fort La Pré, the French - La Rochelle.

Before his baptism of fire, d’Artagnan sums up the results of his two-year stay in the capital. He is in love and loved - but does not know where his Constance is and whether she is even alive. He became a musketeer - but has an enemy in Richelieu. He has many extraordinary adventures behind him - but also the hatred of Milady, who will not miss an opportunity to take revenge on him. He is marked by the queen's patronage - but this is poor protection, rather, a reason for persecution... His only unconditional acquisition is a ring with a diamond, the shine of which, however, is overshadowed by the bitter memories of Athos.

By chance, Athos, Porthos and Aramis accompany the cardinal on his night walk incognito in the vicinity of Larochelle. Athos, in the Red Dovecote tavern, hears the cardinal’s conversation with Milady (it was Richelieu who was traveling to meet her, guarded by musketeers). He sends her to London as a mediator in negotiations with Buckingham. The negotiations, however, are not entirely diplomatic: Richelieu presents his opponent with an ultimatum. If Buckingham dares to take a decisive step in the current military confrontation, the cardinal promises to make public documents discrediting the queen - evidence not only of her favor towards the duke, but also of her collusion with the enemies of France. “What if Buckingham gets stubborn?” - asks my lady. - “In this case, as has happened more than once in history, a femme fatale should appear on the political scene who will put a dagger in the hand of some fanatic killer...” Milady perfectly understands Richelieu’s hint. Well, she is just such a woman!.. Having accomplished an unheard of feat - having dined on a bet on a bastion open to the enemy, repelling several powerful attacks of the Larochelles and returning to the army unharmed - the musketeers warn the Duke of Buckingham and Lord Winter about Milady's mission. Winter manages to arrest her in London. The young officer Felton is entrusted with protecting my lady. Milady learns that her guard is a Puritan. She is called his co-religionist, allegedly seduced by Buckingham, slandered and branded as a thief, while in reality she suffers for her faith. Felton is completely smitten by my lady. His religiosity and strict discipline have made him a man inaccessible to ordinary seductions. But the story told to him by my lady shook his hostility towards her, and with her beauty and ostentatious piety she won his pure heart, Felton helps Milady Winter escape. He instructs a captain he knows to deliver the unfortunate captive to Paris, and he himself infiltrates the Duke of Buckingham, whom - in fulfillment of Richelieu's script - he kills with a dagger.

Milady is hiding in the Carmelite monastery in Bethune, where Constance Bonacieux lives. Having learned that d'Artagnan is supposed to appear here any hour, Milady poisons the beloved of her main enemy and flees. But she fails to escape retribution: musketeers are rushing in her wake.

At night, in a dark forest, Milady's trial is being held. She is responsible for the death of Buckingham and Felton, who was seduced by her. She is responsible for the death of Constance and the incitement of d'Artagnan to the murder of de Wardes. Another one - her very first victim - was a young priest seduced by her, whom she persuaded to steal church utensils. Condemned to hard labor for this, the shepherd of God committed suicide. His brother, the executioner from Lille, made it his life's goal to take revenge on my lady. Once he had already overtaken her and branded her, but the criminal then hid in the castle of Count de la Fer - Athos and, keeping silent about the ill-fated past, married him. Having accidentally discovered the deception, Athos, in a rage, committed lynching on his wife: he hanged her from a tree. Fate gave her another chance: Countess de la Fere was saved, and she returned to life and her vile deeds under the name Lady Winter. Having given birth to a son, Milady poisoned Winter and received a rich inheritance; but this was not enough for her, and she dreamed of a share belonging to her brother-in-law.

Having presented her with all the listed charges, the musketeers and Winter entrust Milady to the Lille executioner. Athos gives him a purse of gold - payment for hard work, but he throws the gold into the river: “Today I am not performing my craft, but my duty.” The blade of his wide sword shines in the moonlight... Three days later, the musketeers return to Paris and present themselves to their captain de Treville. “Well, gentlemen,” the brave captain asks them. “Did you have fun on your vacation?” - “Incomparable!” - Athos is responsible for himself and for his friends.

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The novel "The Three Musketeers" by Dumas was written in 1844. This is a fascinating story about the adventures of a young man named d'Artagnan and his three musketeer friends - Athos, Porthos and Aramis, who lived in the early 17th century. Over the years, the book has consistently enjoyed great success among children and adults.

Main characters

D'Artagnan- a young Gascon nobleman who made a brilliant career in the company of the royal musketeers.

Athos- Comte de La Fere, musketeer, reserved, noble man.

Porthos– a royal musketeer, friendly and loving.

Aramis- a musketeer who later took holy orders.

Other characters

Cardinal Richelieu- statesman of France, an influential person in the state.

King Louis XIII- the ruler of France, largely dependent on his cardinal.

Queen Anne of Austria- wife of Louis XIII, with whom Cardinal Richelieu and the Duke of Buckingham were in love.

Duke of Buckingham- an influential English statesman.

De Treville- Captain of the Royal Musketeers.

Milady- the cardinal's spy, an insidious criminal.

Count Rochefort- the cardinal's faithful servant, his adviser.

Constance Bonacieux- D'Artagnan's beloved.

Mr. Bonacieux- haberdasher, husband of Constance.

Lord Winter- English nobleman, brother of my lady's second husband.

Katie- Milady's maid, in love with d'Artagnan.

Felton- English officer who saved Milady and killed the Duke of Buckingham.

Part one

Chapter 1

One April day in 1625, a strange-looking young man appeared on the streets of the town of Meng, sitting astride a yellow gelding with a shabby tail. The entire fortune consisted of “fifteen crowns, a horse and a letter to M. de Treville,” written by his father to an old comrade in arms - the captain of the royal musketeers with a request to appoint his son for military service.

Hearing how one nobleman spoke unflatteringly about his horse, d’Artagnan challenged him to a duel and was wounded. After the fight, he realized with horror that his letter to de Treville had disappeared.

Chapter 2

Monsieur de Treville “was a friend of the king,” one of “those rare people who know how to obey blindly and without reasoning.” De Treville was proud of his musketeers, and fiercely hated the guard of his enemy, Cardinal Richelieu, who secretly ruled France.

Arriving in Paris, d'Artagnan first went to de Treville.

Chapter 3

The captain "was in the worst mood" because of the night arrest of his musketeers. He summoned his three favorites - Athos, Porthos and Aramis, and, without choosing expressions, reprimanded him for his shameful behavior.

During a conversation with the captain, d'Artagnan suddenly saw a nobleman in the window, who took away his letter of recommendation, and immediately jumped out into the street.

Chapter 4. Athos's shoulder, Porthos's baldric and Aramis' handkerchief

D'Artagnan ran so fast that on the way he hit three musketeers in turn, and was forced to accept a challenge from each to a duel.

Chapter 5. The Royal Musketeers and the Guards of Mr. Cardinal

The mysterious stranger managed to sneak away, but at the appointed time Athos, Porthos and Aramis were waiting for the ardent young man. However, the duel never took place - the musketeers and the young Gascon had to repel the attack of the cardinal's guards. Convinced that d'Artagnan was a real brave man, the musketeers accepted him into their company.

Chapter 6

The king reprimanded de Treville for the fact that his musketeers had become completely unruly. However, the captain told the whole story in detail, and the king changed his anger to mercy. Taking advantage of the opportunity, de Treville introduced d’Artagnan as a “fine warrior,” and the king allowed him to enlist in his guard.

Chapter 7

In honor of his enlistment into the ranks of the Musketeers, d'Artagnan invited his friends to a festive dinner, where he was able to get to know them better and learn more about the character and habits of each of them.

Chapter 8. Court intrigue

One day, the haberdasher Bonacieux came to d'Artagnan asking for help. It turned out that his young wife, who served as “the queen’s castellan,” had been kidnapped. By all accounts, the kidnapper of the chambermaid was the same nobleman whom d’Artagnan encountered in Menge.

Chapter 9. D'Artagnan's character emerges

D'Artagnan told his friends about the kidnapping of Madame Bonacieux. The Gascon had no doubt that her disappearance was connected “with the arrival of the Duke of Buckingham,” the lover of Queen Anne of Austria.

Chapter 10

A “mousetrap” was set up in Bonacieux’s apartment - “everyone who showed up there was detained and interrogated by Mr. Cardinal’s people.” D'Artagnan, in turn, settled down on the second floor and could monitor everything that was happening.

When Constance Bonacieux fell into this mousetrap a couple of days later, d’Artagnan came to her aid, scaring away the cardinal’s men with his sword. The young woman said that she managed to escape from her kidnappers. D'Artagnan, fascinated by the lovely Constance, decided to hide her with Athos.

Chapter 11

Tormented by love, d'Artagnan began to monitor the movements of Madame Bonacieux. The young man noticed how his beloved went somewhere with a stranger wrapped in a cloak. He stopped them and recognized the stranger as Lord Buckingham, who was hurrying to the Louvre for a secret meeting with the queen.

Chapter 12. George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham

The Duke of Buckingham "was reputed to be the most handsome nobleman and the most refined gentleman both in all France and in England." It is not surprising that he easily managed to win the heart of Anna of Austria. However, the queen could not break the vows she had given, and asked the duke to leave France as soon as possible. In memory of the tender feeling, Buckingham asked her for some trinket, and Anna gave him a “rosewood casket with gold inlay.”

Chapter 13. Mister Bonacieux

Meanwhile, M. Bonacieux, who was detained by the cardinal's men, was taken to prison and interrogated, after which he was put into a carriage and taken away in an unknown direction.

Chapter 14. Stranger from Meng

M. Bonacieux was brought to the cardinal. Since the simple haberdasher did not know who he was in front of, he reported everything he knew from his wife. According to her, “Cardinal de Richelieu lured the Duke of Buckingham to Paris in order to destroy him, and with him the queen.”

Count Rochefort informed the cardinal that during a meeting with the duke, the queen gave him her casket with diamond pendants.

Richelieu sent an urgent order to my lady - to discreetly cut off two of the twelve pendants that the queen gave to the Duke of Buckingham.

Chapter 15. Military and judicial

Friends were concerned that Athos had not appeared for more than a day. They reported this to de Treville, and he learned that his musketeer was in custody on false charges. It took him great effort to convince the king of the innocence of his musketeer and set him free.

Chapter 16. How Chancellor Seguier could not find a bell to strike, as usual

In a private conversation with Louis XIII, the cardinal announced the visit of the Duke of Buckingham. Richelieu managed to lead him to the idea “that the queen was conspiring against the king’s power.” He advised the king to throw a ball and ask his wife to appear wearing the beautiful pendants that the Duke of Buckingham had taken with him. Louis did not understand why this was needed, but did not contradict the cardinal.

Chapter 17. The Bonacieux couple

Upon learning of the king's demand, Anna of Austria fell into despair. She entrusted her misfortune to the chambermaid Constance, and asked her husband to deliver the letter personally into the hands of the Duke of Buckingham. Having learned that her husband had become a spy for the cardinal, Madame Bonacieux tried to hide the queen’s order from him, but it was too late - he had already gone to report everything to Count Rochefort.

Chapter 18. Lover and Husband

Constance was forced to take a risk and ask d’Artagnan to urgently deliver the letter to its destination. The young man happily agreed to carry out his beloved’s instructions.

Chapter 19. Campaign Plan

D'Artagnan decided to completely trust de Treville. Realizing that the young man, pursued by the cardinal's men, would not be able to fulfill the assignment entrusted to him, he instructed Athos, Partos and Aramis to accompany him on a dangerous trip.

Chapter 20. Travel

Under the cover of darkness, "four adventurers set out from Paris." Along the way, traps were waiting for them, set by the insidious cardinal. As a result, d'Artagnan continued his journey alone, while his friends dealt with Richelieu's men. He reached London and delivered the letter to the Duke of Buckingham.

Chapter 21. Countess Winter

When the Duke handed over the “priceless pendants” to d’Artagnan, he noticed that two pieces were missing. He had no doubt that this was “the cardinal’s trick.” The Duke called the court jeweler and ordered exact copies of the stolen jewelry to be made as soon as possible. Having received the pendants, d'Artagnan hurried to France.

Chapter 22. Merleson Ballet

At the ball the queen appeared in all her splendor. The king took a closer look at her jewelry and noticed that “all twelve pendants were on Her Majesty’s shoulder.” The cardinal was put to shame, but the queen was saved.

Chapter 23. Date

D'Artagnan went around the apartments of his friends, but "not one of them returned." Having received a letter from Madame Bonacieux expressing warm gratitude, he went on a date with his beloved.

Chapter 24. Pavilion

Arriving at the indicated place, d’Artagnan began to wait for his beloved, but she never appeared. The young man was sure “that a great misfortune had happened.” His premonition did not deceive him - Constance was kidnapped by the cardinal's people.

Chapter 25. Porthos

D'Artagnan told de Treville about everything, and he advised him to leave Paris for a while. The young man went to an inn where they were attacked by the cardinal's men while traveling to London. There he found the wounded Porthos. Having made sure that his health was not in danger, he set out on the road again to “find out what happened to the other two comrades.”

Chapter 26. Aramis' dissertation

Soon d'Artagnan saw "the zucchini where he left Aramis." From the owner of the tavern, he learned that his friend “decided to take holy orders,” and for this he began to write a dissertation. Aramis told a friend that in his youth he was preparing to become an abbot, but because of the insult inflicted on him, he, like a true nobleman, was forced to fight a duel. One could forget about holy orders, and Armis joined the ranks of the musketeers.

Chapter 27. Athos' wife

D'Artagnan went in search of Athos. He found him in one of the taverns and, over a bottle of wine, “told him the incident that happened with Madame Bonacieux.” Athos, in turn, told him his love story. When he was young, he married an unknown beauty. Only after the wedding did he find out that the girl was branded - on her shoulder was a lily flower, a sign of thieves. The Count hanged his beloved from a tree.

Chapter 28. Return

At the tavern, d’Artagnan and Athos were soon joined by their faithful friends, Porthos and Aramis. Returning to Paris, the friends learned that the king intended to “start hostilities” and the musketeers were obliged to update their equipment.

Chapter 29. Chasing equipment

Friends, who did not have a penny in their pockets, were seriously concerned about finding the necessary amount for new equipment. Porthos decided to settle this problem with the help of his masculine charms.

Chapter 30. Milady

Meanwhile, d'Artagnan managed to track down Milady, a mysterious young woman who appeared in his life more than once and influenced her in a strange way. The hot young man quarreled with her brother, Lord Winter, and challenged him to a duel.

Part two

Chapter 1

“At the appointed time,” d’Artagnan and his friends met Lord Winter and his three friends, and “eight swords flashed in the rays of the setting sun.” The Musketeers were victorious and Lord Winter was given his life. He invited d'Artagnan to visit him and his sister, and the young man agreed. She guessed that Milady was the cardinal's spy, but he was strongly drawn to this beautiful woman. Milady's maid, Katie, fell head over heels in love with the hot Gascon.

Chapter 2. Lunch at the prosecutor's

Porthos went to dinner with the fifty-year-old wife of the prosecutor, who was in love with the musketeer. He was counting on a hearty feast and expensive gifts, but received neither one nor the other - the prosecutor was poor.

Chapter 3. Soubrette and Madame

D'Artagnan "fell more and more in love with my lady." He visited her daily in the hope of reciprocity. Katie admitted to the young man that her mistress did not love him at all, and was making plans to seduce Count de Wardes. In addition, he learned that Milady was affectionate with him only on the orders of the cardinal, but she herself could not stand him. D’Artagnan decided to take revenge on her “for her neglect”, and on behalf of the Comte de Wardes wrote her a letter asking for a meeting.

Chapter 4. Where it is said about the equipment of Aramis and Porthos

Aramis received a generous cash gift from his mysterious lover, while Porthos arranged a meeting with the prosecutor in the hope of purchasing decent equipment.

Chapter 5

Under the guise of Comte de Wardes, d'Artagnan went on a date with Milady. Unrecognized by her in complete darkness, he received a ring from her as a gift - “a magnificent sapphire set in diamonds.” The next morning he hastened to tell his friends about his adventure. Seeing the ring, Athos turned pale - “it was an old family jewel”, which he gave to his wife.

Chapter 6. Dream of revenge

Dreaming of taking revenge on de Vrad for the insult, Milady asked d'Artagnan to kill him.

Chapter 7. Milady's Secret

The “careless youth,” blinded by passion, admitted to Milady that there was no point in taking revenge on the Comte de Ward, since he was the night guest. This was a fatal mistake - my lady could not forgive him for such humiliation.

Chapter 8. How Athos found his equipment without any hassle

D'Artagnan admitted to Athos that "my lady is branded on her shoulder with a lily flower." He described the young woman in detail, and Athos realized that it was his wife. D'Artagnan returned the sapphire ring to him, and the musketeer decided to pawn it to buy uniforms for the two of them.

Chapter 9. Vision

D'Artagnan received a letter from a stranger asking for a date. Friends warned that it could be a trap. In the second letter, the Gascon read an invitation to appear before the cardinal that same evening.

D'Artagnan went on a date and saw Madame Bonacieux in the carriage. After making sure that his beloved was alive, he went to the cardinal.

Chapter 10. Menacing Ghost

Richelieu offered the young man service in his guard with the “rank of lieutenant,” but he refused. The cardinal was annoyed by the refusal and predicted big troubles for the young man.

Chapter 11. Siege of La Rochelle

The cardinal, hopelessly in love with the queen, dreamed of taking revenge on his more successful rival. The Duke of Buckingham, in turn, also pursued personal ambitions, and dreamed of entering France as a winner. The French besieged La Rochelle, the British - Fort La Pré and the fortress of Saint-Martin.

Chapter 12

D'Artagnan received twelve bottles of wine with a note from friends. In fact, it turned out to be a deadly gift from my lady - the wine was poisoned.

Chapter 13. Tavern "Red Dovecote"

Cardinal Richelieu, secretly from everyone, went to the Red Dovecote tavern, where he had an appointment with a mysterious stranger.

Chapter 14. About the benefits of chimneys

The musketeer became aware of this, and they found out that the stranger was Milady. Richelieu ordered her to appear to Buckingham “as a mediator” and convey to him the following - if he dares to take a decisive step, the cardinal will destroy the queen. In case of stubbornness on the part of the Duke, Richelieu ordered his destruction at the hands of some “despicable fanatic.”

Chapter 15. Marital Scene

After waiting for the cardinal to leave, Athos went up to Milady. She recognized with horror her husband, Count de La Fère. Athos demanded the cardinal's papers from her and ordered her to leave thoughts of revenge on his friend d'Artagnan.

Chapter 16. Bastion of Saint-Gervais

The musketeers made a bet that they would have breakfast on the bastion and stay on it “exactly an hour, minute by minute.”

Athos deliberately proposed this dangerous bet in order to talk with friends about an important matter without anyone else. He told them about his meeting with my lady. At the council it was decided to warn the Duke of Buckingham, “the Queen and Lord Winter” about the danger.

Chapter 18. Family Affair

Together, the friends wrote a letter to Lord Winter, in which they warned him of the danger threatening him from my lady.

Chapter 19. Evil fate

On arrival in England, my lady was met by a dispassionate officer who took her to a secluded, well-guarded home. She soon learned that she had become a prisoner of her brother, Lord Winter.

Chapter 20. Conversation between brother and sister

"D'Artagnan's Letter" had done its job, and Lord Winter had no illusions about his sister's plans. He warned that "one step, one movement, one word indicating an attempt to escape" and she would immediately be shot.

Chapter 21. Officer

D'Artagnan managed to find out the fate of Constance - the girl was placed "in the local Carmelite monastery." He was glad to hear that his beloved “behind the monastery fence, out of danger.”

Chapter 22. First day of imprisonment

Enraged by her imprisonment, Milady began to think about an escape plan. She decided to seduce Officer Felton, who had a "faint spark of pity" for her.

Chapter 23. Second day of imprisonment

Having learned that Felton was a Puritan, my lady identified herself as his fellow believer, who had suffered a lot in her life. Felton was smitten by the young woman's charms.

Chapter 24. Third day of imprisonment

Lord Winter warned Milady that an order for her punishment would soon be signed - imprisonment in a godforsaken place, and any attempt to escape would result in the death penalty.

Chapter 25. Fourth day of imprisonment

Milady managed to cleverly stage the suicide attempt, and the impressed Felton promised to help her.

Chapter 26. Fifth day of imprisonment

During the night's meeting, my lady told a fictitious story of her life, in which she appeared as a meek lamb who became a victim of harsh life circumstances.

Chapter 27

Felton no longer doubted that before him was a holy martyr. For greater effect, she inflicted a trifling wound on herself, and “my lady’s dress immediately became stained with blood.”

Chapter 28. Escape

Felton, who was Milady's "only means of salvation", justified her hopes and organized her escape. They agreed to meet “in France, in the Carmelite monastery.”

Chapter 29. What happened in Portsmouth on August 23, 1628

Meanwhile, Felton went to Portsmouth on behalf of Lord Winter. The officer, who had no doubt that the Duke of Buckingham was the cause of all my lady’s misfortunes, “sank a knife into his side to the hilt.” Having learned about Milady's escape and the Duke's murder, Lord Winter rushed in pursuit of the criminal.

Chapter 30. In France

D'Artagnan sought to rescue "Mme Bonacieux from the Béthune Carmelite monastery" as quickly as possible. Having learned that my lady was also staying in the same monastery, the musketeers “set off at a gallop along the road to Bethune.”

Chapter 31. Carmelite Monastery at Bethune

Once in the monastery, my lady easily won over the abbess. In addition, she deftly deceived Constance, who saw in her “her sincere and devoted friend.” From Madame Bonacieux, my lady learned about d'Artagnan's imminent arrival.

Chapter 32. Two Kinds of Demons

The Count de Rochefort arrived at the monastery, who, on behalf of the cardinal, was looking for Milady. The woman gave him important news - Buckingham was killed by a fanatic, as Richelieu demanded.

Chapter 33. The last straw

Noticing how the musketeers were galloping towards the monastery at full speed, Milady hastened to carry out her plan - she poisoned Constance and fled. The girl died in d'Artagnan's arms. At that moment, Lord Winter appeared before his friends, looking for Milady.

Chapter 34. The Man in the Red Cloak

Lord Winter and the musketeers set off in pursuit of the criminal. A masked man, wrapped “in a long red cloak,” also joined the small detachment.

Chapter 35. Court

They managed to overtake my lady, who was being tried. She was accused of many crimes, and the judge was a stranger in a mask. It turned out to be the “Lille executioner”. He told why the mark was placed on my lady’s shoulder, and pronounced a sentence of death.

Chapter 36. Execution

At midnight, retribution was carried out in the forest - the executioner’s blade flashed and the “headless body” fell to the ground.

Conclusion

D'Artagnan was arrested by order of the cardinal. He accused the musketeer of corresponding with enemies of the state and violating state secrets. Realizing that he had become a victim of Milady’s slander, d’Artagnan revealed to the cardinal the whole truth about her. The Gascon was sure that he would be executed, but instead she received “a decree promoting the rank of lieutenant of musketeers.”

Epilogue

D’Artagnan was promoted, Aramis took holy orders, “Porthos left the service and got married,” while Athos continued to serve as a musketeer for several more years until he received an inheritance.

Conclusion

In his work, full of the most exciting adventures, Dumas especially emphasized the theme of friendship, loyalty and honor. No wonder the motto of the four musketeers was “One for all, and all for one!”

A brief retelling of “The Three Musketeers” will be useful both for the reader’s diary and in preparation for a literature lesson.

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Three Musketeers

On the first Monday of April 1625, the population of the town of Meung on the outskirts of Paris seemed excited as if the Huguenots had decided to turn it into a second fortress of Larochelle: a young man of eighteen years old rode into Meung on a chestnut gelding without a tail. His appearance, clothing and manners caused a flurry of ridicule in the crowd of townspeople. The horseman, however, does not pay attention to them, as befits a nobleman who considers it shameful to sort things out with commoners. Another thing is an insult inflicted by an equal: d'Artagnan (that's the name of our hero) rushes with a naked sword at a noble gentleman in black; however, several townspeople with a club come running to his aid. Having woken up, d'Artagnan finds neither the offender nor anything much more serious - a letter of recommendation from the father to an old comrade in arms, the captain of the royal musketeers, Mr. de Treville, with a request to appoint his son, who had reached the age of majority, for military service.

His Majesty's Musketeers are the flower of the guard, people without fear or reproach, for which they get away with independent and reckless behavior. At that hour, when d'Artagnan is waiting to be received by de Treville, Mr. Captain inflicts another brainwashing (which, however, does not entail sad consequences) on his three favorites - Athos, Porthos and Aramis. De Treville, it should be noted, was not outraged by that they started a fight with the guards of Cardinal Richelieu, and allowed themselves to be arrested... What a shame!

Talking with de Treville (who received the young d'Artagnan very kindly), the young man sees a stranger from Meng outside the window - and rushes headlong into the street, hitting three musketeers in turn on the stairs. All three challenge him to a duel. The stranger in black manages to escape, but in Athos, Porthos and Aramis are waiting for d'Artagnan at the appointed hour. Things take an unexpected turn; the swords of all four are drawn together against the omnipresent guards of the Duke of Richelieu. The musketeers are convinced that the young Gascon is not only a bully, but also a real brave man who wields weapons no worse than them, and they accept d'Artagnan into their company.

Richelieu complains to the king: the musketeers have become completely insolent. Louis XIII is more intrigued than upset. He wants to know who this unknown fourth one is, who was with Athos, Porthos and Aramis. De Treville introduces the Gascon to His Majesty - and the king enlists d'Artagnan to serve in his guard.

D'Artagnan, who is staying in his house, about whose valor rumors are already spreading in Paris, is approached by the haberdasher Bonacieux: yesterday his young wife, the chambermaid of Her Majesty Queen Anne of Austria, was kidnapped. By all accounts, the kidnapper is a stranger from Meung. The reason for the kidnapping is not Madame's charms Bonacieux, and her closeness to the queen: in Paris, Lord Buckingham, the lover of Anne of Austria. Madame Bonacieux can lead on his trail. The queen is in danger: the king has left her, she is being pursued by Richelieu, who lusts after her, she is losing one after another faithful people; in addition to all (or above all) she is a Spaniard in love with an Englishman, and Spain and England are the main opponents of France in the political arena. Following Constance, Mr. Bonacieux himself is kidnapped; a trap is set in their house for Lord Buckingham or someone from people close to him.

One night, d'Artagnan hears commotion and muffled female cries in the house. It is Madame Bonacieux, who escaped from custody, who again fell into a mousetrap - now in her own house. D'Artagnan takes her away from Richelieu's people and hides her in Athos's apartment .

Watching all her exits into the city, he lies in wait for Constance in the company of a man in a musketeer uniform. Has his friend Athos really decided to take the saved beauty away from him? The jealous man quickly reconciles himself: Madame Bonacieux's companion is Lord Buckingham, whom she takes to Dover on a date with the queen. Constance initiates d'Artagnan into the heartfelt secrets of her mistress. He promises to protect the queen and Buckingham as herself; this conversation becomes their declaration of love.

Buckingham leaves Paris, taking away Queen Anne's gift - twelve diamond pendants. Having learned about this, Richelieu advises the king to organize a big ball, to which the queen should appear in pendants - those that are now kept in London, in Buckingham's box. He foresees the shame of the queen who rejected his claims - and sends one of his best secret agents, Milady Winter, to England: she must steal two pendants from Buckingham - even if the other ten miraculously return to Paris for the big ball, the cardinal will be able to prove the queen’s flawedness. Racing with Milady Winter, d'Artagnan rushes to England. Milady succeeds in what the cardinal entrusted to her; however, time is on d'Artagnan's side - and he delivers to the Louvre ten pendants of the queen and two more exactly the same, made by a London jeweler in less than two days! The cardinal is disgraced, the queen is saved, d'Artagnan is accepted into the musketeers and rewarded with the love of Constance. There are, however, losses: Richelieu learns about the valor of the newly minted musketeer and entrusts the treacherous Milady Winter to take care of him.

Weaving intrigues against d'Artagnan and instilling in him a strong and contradictory passion, my lady at the same time seduces the Comte de Wardes - a man who served as an obstacle to the Gascon on his journey to London, sent by the cardinal to help my lady. Katie, my lady's maid, being crazy about the young musketeer, shows him letters from his mistress de Ward. D'Artagnan, under the guise of Count de Ward, comes on a date with Milady and, unrecognized by her in the dark, receives a diamond ring as a sign of love. D'Artagnan hastens to present his adventure to his friends as a cheerful joke; Athos, however, becomes gloomy at the sight of the ring. Milady's ring evokes a painful memory in him. This is a family jewel, given by him on the night of love of the one whom he considered an angel and who in In reality, she was branded a criminal, a thief and a murderer, who broke Athos's heart. Athos' story is soon confirmed: on Milady's bare shoulder, her ardent lover d'Artagnan notices a brand in the form of a lily - a seal of eternal shame.

From now on he is my lady's enemy. He is privy to her secret. He refused to kill Lord Winter in a duel - he only disarmed him, after which he reconciled with him (the brother of her late husband and the uncle of her little son) - but she has long been striving to take possession of the entire Winter fortune! Nothing worked out for my lady and her plan to play off d "Ar-659

tanyana with de Bard. Milady's pride is wounded, but so is Richelieu's ambition. Having invited d'Artagnan to serve in his guards regiment and having been refused, the cardinal warns the young impudent man: "From the moment you lose my patronage, no one will give even a penny for your life!"...

A soldier's place is in war. Taking a vacation from de Treville, d'Artagnan and his three friends set off for the outskirts of Larochelle, a port city that opened the gates to the French borders for the British. By closing them to England, Cardinal Richelieu completes the work of Joan of Arc and the Duke of Guise. Victory over England for Richelieu is not so much about ridding the king of France from the enemy, but about taking revenge on a more successful rival in love for the queen. Buckingham is the same: in this military campaign he seeks to satisfy personal ambitions. He prefers to return to Paris not as an envoy, but as a triumphant. The real stake in this bloody game played by the two most powerful powers is the favorable glance of Anne of Austria. The British besiege the fortress of Saint-Martin and Fort La Pré, the French - La Rochelle.

Before his baptism of fire, d'Artagnan sums up the results of his two-year stay in the capital. He is in love and loved - but does not know where his Constance is and whether she is even alive. He became a musketeer - but has an enemy in Richelieu. He has many extraordinary adventures behind him - but also the hatred of Milady, who will not miss an opportunity to take revenge on him. He is marked by the queen's patronage - but this is a poor protection, rather a reason for persecution... His only unconditional acquisition is a ring with a diamond, the shine of which, however, is overshadowed by the bitter memories of Athos.

By chance, Athos, Porthos and Aramis accompany the cardinal on his night walk incognito in the vicinity of Larochelle. Athos, in the Red Dovecote tavern, hears the cardinal’s conversation with Milady (it was Richelieu who was traveling to meet her, guarded by musketeers). He sends her to London as a mediator in negotiations with Buckingham. The negotiations, however, are not entirely diplomatic: Richelieu presents his opponent with an ultimatum. If Buckingham dares to take a decisive step in the current military confrontation, the cardinal promises to make public documents discrediting the queen - evidence not only of her favor towards the duke, but also of her collusion with the enemies of France. "What if Buckingham gets stubborn?" - asks my lady. - “In this case, as has happened more than once in history, a femme fatale should appear on the political scene who will put a dagger in the hand of some fanatic killer...” Milady perfectly understands Richelieu’s hint. Well, she is just such a woman!.. Having accomplished an unheard of feat - having dined on a bet on a bastion open to the enemy, repelling several powerful attacks of the Larochelles and returning to the army unharmed - the musketeers warn the Duke of Buckingham and Lord Winter about Milady's mission. Winter manages to arrest her in London. The young officer Felton is entrusted with protecting my lady. Milady learns that her guard is a Puritan. She is called his co-religionist, allegedly seduced by Buckingham, slandered and branded as a thief, while in reality she suffers for her faith. Felton is completely smitten by my lady. His religiosity and strict discipline have made him a man inaccessible to ordinary seductions. But the story told to him by my lady shook his hostility towards her, and with her beauty and ostentatious piety she won his pure heart, Felton helps Milady Winter escape. He instructs a captain he knows to deliver the unfortunate captive to Paris, and he himself infiltrates the Duke of Buckingham, whom - in fulfillment of Richelieu's script - he kills with a dagger.

Milady is hiding in the Carmelite monastery in Bethune, where Constance Bonacieux lives. Having learned that d'Artagnan is supposed to appear here any hour, Milady poisons the beloved of her main enemy and flees. But she cannot escape retribution: the musketeers are rushing in her wake.

At night, in a dark forest, Milady's trial is being held. She is responsible for the death of Buckingham and Felton, who was seduced by her. On her conscience is the death of Constance and the incitement of d'Artagnan to the murder of de Wardes. Another - her very first victim - was a young priest seduced by her, whom she persuaded to steal church utensils. Sentenced to hard labor for this, the shepherd of God committed suicide. brother, an executioner from Lille, set the goal of his life to take revenge on Milady. Once he had already overtaken her and branded her, but the criminal then hid in the castle of Count de la Fer - Athos and, keeping silent about the ill-fated past, married him. Having accidentally discovered the deception, Athos in a rage, he committed lynching of his wife: he hanged her from a tree. Fate gave her another chance: the Countess de la Fère was saved, and she returned to life and her vile deeds under the name Lady Winter. Having given birth to a son, Milady poisoned Winter and received a rich inheritance ; but this was not enough for her, and she dreamed of a share belonging to her brother-in-law.

Having presented her with all the listed charges, the musketeers and Winter entrust Milady to the Lille executioner. Athos gives him a purse of gold - payment for hard work, but he throws the gold into the river: “Today I am not performing my craft, but my duty.” The blade of his wide sword shines in the moonlight... Three days later, the musketeers return to Paris and present themselves to their captain de Treville. “Well, gentlemen,” the brave captain asks them. “Did you have fun on your vacation?” - “Incomparable!” - Athos is responsible for himself and for his friends.