The methodology for passing the Unified State Exam changes every year. Experts are inventing new ways to determine the level of knowledge of students, developing a list of questions, updating their topics, and changing the number of compulsory subjects. This state of affairs is extremely alarming and frightening for future graduates, because they also need to know what to prepare for and what to expect from an exam that is important for their lives.

In our article we will tell you the main stages of passing Unified State Examination in Literature 2017 year, and also announce possible changes that will affect this exam.

the date of the

There is not much time left before the main school exams. The time is just around the corner when “we can only dream of peace,” and mountains of textbooks on various subjects are collected on the desk. Of course, preparing for the Unified State Exam takes a lot of free time, effort and nerves. The preliminary schedule for future exams has already been drawn up and it looks like this:

• Early stage - March 24, 2017. The reserve day for the early stage is April 3, 2017.
• The main stage is June 13, 2017, and the reserve day is fixed for June 20, 2017.

Required subjects for the Unified State Exam 2017

This is the most burning topic, rapidly moving from one student to another. Many schoolchildren are worried that the list of compulsory subjects will expand significantly and they will have to spend even more time studying textbooks instead of taking a well-deserved rest after school.

To date, there is no final list of new compulsory subjects, because officials had several disciplines under consideration: from history to physics.

• - required for admission to any university in the country.
• Mathematics - the exam is divided into two levels (basic and advanced).

Unified State Examination in Literature: possible changes

Closer to 2018, the literature exam should be radically revised and drastic changes will be made to some of its points. In particular, experts intend to completely remove tasks with short answers, leaving only short essays and one full-length one.

However, it is still too early to sound the alarm and panic about the end of the year - the Unified State Exam in Literature in 2017 will follow the usual pattern:

• 1 block - Semantic. Here, students are presented with a short excerpt of an epic or dramatic work with 7 questions about its content (short). In addition, the graduate must write a couple of mini-essays on a given topic.
• Block 2 - A lyrical work with several questions for it, as well as two mini-essays.
• Block 3 - An extended essay on any of the three given topics.

However, small changes will still occur. They will concern the construction of questions - they will focus on knowledge of the realities of the text, and not on knowledge of basic literary terms. It follows from this that to pass the exam it is not enough to have a narrow knowledge of literature.

I would also like to draw attention to another feature of the literature exam - poetry. As a rule, students hope that in the forms they will find a poem by a certain author from the school curriculum.

However, based on the rules of KIM, if a poet was included in the codifier, then any of his works can be submitted for analysis in the exam. This is a fairly correct approach, because during the final test, the graduate must show in a mini-essay how correctly he can analyze, without referring to the pages of textbooks.

Already in 2016, “non-school” poems could be found in many versions of KIMs, so in 2017 this move will certainly be repeated.

Final essay

To get a good grade on this unit, it is not enough to simply write down your thoughts on paper. It is necessary to carefully consider each proposal, format it correctly and express your opinion in a clear and simple form. Spelling and punctuation errors attract the attention of reviewers, so you need to avoid them.

In addition, each student should try to fully reveal the given topic, using not only his own life examples, but also arguments from the field of literature. The structure of the text should look like this: introduction, several arguments and examples, conclusion.

To ensure that the final essay is of high quality, the graduate already has access to a list of works that have been submitted to the Unified State Exam in Literature. After reading them and also familiarizing yourself with additional information about the author, the history of writing, key points and other details, you will definitely write a worthy work that deserves the highest praise.

Grading scale

In 2017, in order to pass the threshold for this exam, you need to score only 36 points. It’s not that difficult to earn them - just solve 9 tasks (from 1 to 7, 10 and 11). Based on a five-point scale, the primary/test scores are as follows:

Preparation for the Unified State Exam in Literature

Any graduate would dream of seeing the coveted “Five” in the certificate, but not everyone is able to pass the exams high marks. Only those who spare no effort and time, spend it on preparation, endlessly leaf through supporting literature, have every chance of getting an “Excellent”. Preparation for the Unified State Exam can be done in various ways:

• Take the demo version of the exam over and over again.
• Familiarize yourself with the questions using tests that are similar to those that will be taken on the Unified State Exam.
• Contact tutors.

Whichever of the proposed options you choose, you must remember that without a certain amount of knowledge, none of them will work. Read more, analyze, try to compose essays, and then successful completion the exam is guaranteed to you.

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Questions 9,16…

The theme of “fathers and sons” in Russian literature

In which works of Russian classics is the theme of “fathers and sons” reflected, and in what ways do these works have something in common with M. Sholokhov’s “Quiet Don”?A. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit” (Molchalin lives in accordance with the code formulated by his father), A. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter” (father’s testament “Take care of honor from a young age”), N. Gogol “Dead Souls” (Chichikov implements father’s testament “Copy a penny”), I. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, L. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. Origins of character and spiritual world central image - character; conflict between generations and ideologies; “dialectics” of the relationship between “fathers and sons”; universal problems; family and extra-family connections; "private life" and the movement of history.

The theme of creativity in Russian literature

What works of Russian writers touch on the theme of creativity and what brings them together with M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”?A. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” (the author about the creation of his novel), N. Gogol “Dead Souls” (the author’s lyrical digression about the writer: “Happy is the writer who ...”), S. Dovlatov “Suitcase”, “Branch” . Author's reflection on his own creativity; the problem of the relationship between the artist and the crowd, the artist and the authorities; “drama of misunderstanding; affirmation of inspiration and freedom of creativity; problem of mastery; creativity as a special, “other” reality, not subordinate to the earthly existence of man; tradition and innovation in creativity; means of realizing the author's artistic concept.

Types of problematic heroes in Russian literature

What works of Russian writers present contradictory, restless heroes and what brings them together with Pechorin from M. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time”?F. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” (Raskolnikov), I. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” (Bazarov), M. Sholokhov “Quiet Don” (Melekhov). Social, philosophical and moral issues; features of the conflict (external - internal); the tragic nature of the conflict between ideologies and social strata; psychologism as a means of creating a central image - a character; the relationship between theoretical ideas and their practical expression; the idea of ​​harmony of being, universal unity against the background of apparent inconsistency; humanity, humanism as the main criterion for assessing the mental and practical activity of a person; the author's position and forms of its expression.

Which Russian writers portrayed heroic entrepreneurs? N. Gogol “Dead Souls” (Chichikov), I. Goncharov “Oblomov” (Stolz), A. Chekhov “ The Cherry Orchard"(Lopakhin), L. Tolstoy "War and Peace" (Berg). Despite all the differences, similarities can be identified in the characters of these characters: movement towards a goal, efficiency, practical energy; rationality, selfishness, lack of “balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit”; lack of social ideal; focus on one's own interests. The author's desire to “show the face of society”, the search for a “hero of the time”; analysis of existing life forms; the author’s “longing” for a harmonious, uniting spiritual and practical energy of a personality whose “mind and heart are together.”

What works of Russian classics depict heroes like Prince Andrei and Pierre, and what brings them together with the heroes of War and Peace?A. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, I. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” (Bazarov), F. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” (Raskolnikov). The main characters are the heroes of the “path”; characters are valuable individuals; individual self-affirmation of a person is destructive for his personality; "the world of novels by Dostoevsky and Tolstoy<…>is built on mutually directed movement and interest in each other of the individual and the people” (V. Nedzvetsky); searching for answers to “eternal questions”; evolution; “authority” of Napoleon for Onegin, Bolkonsky and Raskolnikov; movement towards “living life”; originality of psychologism; love in the lives of heroes; the relationship between theory and “living life”; the fusion of different characters into a national type; techniques and means of revealing central character images.

Which of the Russian writers addressed the topic “ little man»? A. Pushkin “The Bronze Horseman” (Eugene) and “Station Warden” (Samson Vyrin), M. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” (Maksim Maksimych), N. Gogol “The Overcoat” (Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin), F. Dostoevsky “Crime” and punishment" (Semyon Marmeladov). Rationale for comparison: writers turn to the creation of the same type of problematic hero - the “little man” (socially offended, humiliated by society, crushed by poverty, insulted); image inner world"little man" humanism as the basis of the author’s position (“...and he called for mercy for the fallen...”).

In the works of which writers the problem of “chameleonism” was touched upon and in what ways can their works be compared with “Chameleon” by A. Chekhov?A. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”, N. Gogol “The Inspector General”, A. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm” A. Griboedov “Woe from Wit” (a story about Famusov’s uncle Maxim Petrovich, who managed to reverse an absolutely losing situation (“... fell, yes so that I almost hit the back of my head") into a winning one for myself, deliberately falling twice more and receiving compensation for this “chameleonism” in the form of a special favor from the cheerful empress);

N. Gogol “The Inspector General” (“chameleonism” is manifested in the behavior of officials: what is socially superior arouses servility and unaccountable fear; the fear of officials before the auditor organizes the course of events in comedy);

A. Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm” (the hypocrisy and hypocrisy of Kabanikha “blesses the poor, but completely overwhelms the family”; hiding behind religion and concern for others, she suppresses the will; driven by the fear of losing her power over others). Rationale for comparison: “chameleonism” as a way and form of existence of a person who is ready to constantly, to please circumstances, change his views to the exact opposite; deference and servility towards superiors; veneration; the terrible power of frozen norms and ideas that encourage a person to think and act according to the standard; author's debunking of false ideas; author's position.

Which of the Russian writers addressed the topic of “minors” and what is the similarity between their images? D. Fonvizin “The Minor”, ​​A. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”, I. Goncharov “Oblomov” (Oblomov’s dream). Depiction of a noble family; signs of noble culture; peculiarities of upbringing (young Petrusha Grinev, like Mitrofanushka, chases pigeons across the roofs; a former French hairdresser and a Prussian soldier come to Russia to “teach”, etc.).

The name Mitrofanushka has become a household name (this is what they call young people who know nothing and do not want to know or do anything). The “minor” Petrusha Grinev turns out to be the bearer of the best traditions of noble culture - self-esteem, honor, loyalty.

What brings old woman Izergil closer to the heroes of the stories she tells?

M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil”. Izergil, as the heroine of a romantic work, carries in her character “the only beginning”, which she considers the most valuable: she is sure that the content of her entire life was love for people. Such “single principles”, brought to the maximum extent, are also carried by the heroes of the legends she tells: Danko embodies the extreme degree of self-sacrifice in the name of love for people, Larra - extreme individualism. Talking about Larra and Danko, Izergil also talks about herself. Even the portrait of the old woman combines features of both Danko and Larra. “I was alive, like a ray of sunshine...” - an obvious parallel with Danko; “dry lips”, “dry... skin” - details that echo the features of Larra’s appearance, whose “sun dried up... body, blood and bones.” “Shadow” is a common motif in the description of Larra and Izergil. Loneliness is the common fate of Larra, Izergil, and Danko. Individualism taken to the extreme, indifference to the people she met along the way (a fisherman, a little Turk, etc.), bring Izergil closer to Larra, although the old woman herself cannot even imagine such a rapprochement.

Which works of Russian classics depict personality types like Danko and Larra? M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil”, F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, A.I. Kuprin “Olesya”, V.V. Mayakovsky “Cloud in Pants”, L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”, works of military prose of the second halfXXcentury. Larra’s egocentrism and his superiority over others prompt us to recall the idea of ​​the “superman” and the theory of Raskolnikov’s “strong personality,” debunked by the author; Danko’s altruism, his ability to withstand circumstances, a feat in the name of love for people, the image of a burning heart are to some extent reflected in Sonechka Marmeladova and Oles; Mayakovsky’s lyrical hero is also similar to Danko (“...I will / pull out your soul, / trample, / so that it’s big! - / and give you a bloody one, like a banner”), as does Pierre Bezukhov with his determination to “kill Napoleon” and “heroes of feat” from works of military prose of the second halfXX century.

Man and war in Russian literature

In which works of Russian classics does the theme of man at war sound and what makes these works similar to L. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”?V. Bykov “Sotnikov”, V. Grossman “Life and Fates”, M. Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man”, V. Kondratyev “Sashka”, etc. Depiction of war as a human tragedy; problem moral choice; psychologism; de-romanticization, overcoming the ceremonial idea of ​​war and military feat, anti-aestheticism; humanism; patriotism.

Satirical images in Russian literature

What works of Russian writers depict the morals of officials and what makes these works similar to N. Gogol’s play “The Inspector General”?A. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin “The History of a City”, V. Mayakovsky “The Sitting Ones”, M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”. Mechanical, “formalized” behavior of officials (Orenburg officials in the story “The Captain's Daughter”); the incompatibility of the idea of ​​statehood and the idea of ​​humanity; bureaucracy; violation of moral laws; means of satirical typification (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, V. Mayakovsky, M. Bulgakov): hyperbole, grotesque, fantasy.

Man and nature in Russian literature

What works of Russian writers depict pictures of Russian nature and what brings these works closer to the corresponding pages of “Eugene Onegin” by A. Pushkin?I. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, L. Tolstoy “War and Peace”, M. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”, V. Astafiev “Tsar Fish”, V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”, etc. Correlation of natural and human life; psychological parallelism; landscape as a means of characterizing heroes; social landscape; philosophical landscape; natural philosophy; plot-forming function of the landscape; symbolic meaning of the landscape.

The theme of the duel in Russian literature

Which Russian writer addressed the theme of a duel? A. Pushkin “Shot” and “Eugene Onegin”, M. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”, I. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, A. Chekhov “Duel”, A. Kuprin “Duel”. The theme of a duel is interesting to writers primarily because it allows him to create extreme situation, which most fully reveals social conflict and the character of the hero; a duel as a duel of dissimilar characters and as a duel of ideas; psychological analysis of the personality of the hero who passed the test of a duel.

The image of the city in Russian literature

In which works of Russian classics does the city become the subject of artistic depiction? A. Pushkin “The Bronze Horseman”, N. Gogol “The Overcoat” (St. Petersburg), F. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, A. Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm” (Kalinov), M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” (Yershalaim, Moscow) . a) St. Petersburg is “dead,” “the most fantastic city,” endowed with gloomy mystical power, oppressing the individual. The ceremonial Petersburg contrasts with its seamy side. This city is a special spiritual space where everything acquires symbolic and psychological meaning.

b) Gogol’s Petersburg is a world of incredible incidents, absurdity, and everyday fantasy.

c) The fictional city of Kalinov (“The Thunderstorm” by Ostrovsky) is depicted in detail and in many ways. Kalinov is contradictory. On the one hand, this is a wonderful place on the banks of the Volga. On the other hand, life in a city where “cruel morals” prevail is terrible. The city's owners are unable to subjugate the beauty of nature.

d) Moscow in the 20s. - the city where the picaresque adventures of Woland and his retinue, who arrived with the “revision” of the new world, take place.

The city in the works of Russian writers is not the background against which the action unfolds, but one of the heroes of the novel; independent artistic image. The city is a metonymy for the state; a spatial image that has symbolic meaning.

The motif of sleep in Russian literature

What function does the dream of Pyotr Grinev perform (A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”) and which of the Russian writers turned to the depiction of dreams?V.A. Zhukovsky “Svetlana”, A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” (Tatiana Larina’s dream), I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov” (“Oblomov’s Dream”), N.G. Chernyshevsky “What to do?” (dreams of Vera Pavlovna), F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment” (Raskolnikov’s dreams). Pyotr Grinev himself calls the dream he saw “prophetic.” Many small details connect the dream with the real future: for example, the “black beard” of the counselor, which will be mentioned for the first time immediately after the description of the dream, and the words of the tramp addressed to the owner of the inn (“now put the ax behind your back: the forester is walking” ), and the requirement to “kiss the hand” of the sovereign-man as an oath. And just like in a dream, there are many dead bodies of people close to the hero. Grinev's dream is an allegory of future events, their prophetic scheme.

Dreams have long been used in fiction to create a mysterious atmosphere, motivate the actions of characters, and convey them. emotional state(psychologism). From the time of ancient Russian literature dreams warned of dangers, served as signs, provided assistance, instructed, gave rest and at the same time tempted, tested, and presented a choice. Dreams perform retrospective and prognostic functions and participate in the creation of the chronotope of a work. They absorb all three times: they show pictures of the past, present and future, thereby expanding the spatio-temporal boundaries of the text. Dreams can serve as memory. Thus, dreams in works fiction multifunctional.

Subject national history in Russian literature

Which Russian poets addressed the topic of Russian history and in what ways are their works comparable to A. Blok’s poem “On the Kulikovo Field”?

M. Lermontov “Borodino”, S. Yesenin “Soviet Rus'”, A. Akhmatova “Requiem”, A. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”. The involvement of heroes in the cycle of socio-historical events; a high sense of responsibility for everything that happens on earth; love to motherland; the theme of the historical path, faith in the power of Russia and the ability to revive; the unity of the lyrical hero (heroine) and homeland; the relationship between the path of the poet and the path of Russia; historical understanding of modernity; philosophy of history; the relationship between the past and present of Russia; lyrical hero (heroine): poet, warrior, patriot; historical parallels; artistic imagery.

The manual is intended for self-preparation of schoolchildren for the Unified State Exam in literature. It includes material for preparing for tasks with a detailed answer of 5-10 sentences based on the presented text, as well as for an essay on a given topic, formulated in the form of a problematic question.
The manual reveals the technology for writing these types of written works, “Test yourself” tasks are given (with answers) on all topics of the literature course included in composition of the Unified State Exam, as well as reference material, including terms necessary for both short answers to questions and when completing tasks with a detailed answer. In addition, the manual contains a codifier of the Unified State Exam content elements in literature; The criteria for checking and assessing the completion of tasks are given.
The publication is intended for teachers, methodologists and high school students preparing for passing the Unified State Exam on literature.

Examples.
What is the name of literary direction, in accordance with the rules of which in the comedy of D.I. Fonvizin's "Minor" are the characters' names and surnames used?

In “The Captain’s Daughter,” Pushkin describes Pugachev’s appearance as follows: “...he was about forty, of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. His black beard showed streaks of gray, and his big, lively eyes were darting.” What is this description called in the literature?

It is known that for the novel “Eugene Onegin” Pushkin came up with a special system for dividing the text, based on combining the same number of poetic lines into groups according to a certain principle: these are groups of 14 lines of iambic tetrameter, consisting of three quatrains with different rhyming systems (cross, adjacent, encircling rhymes) and the final couplet. What did they call this division of a poetic text?

Content
Introduction
Preparation for the Unified State Exam in Literature: strategy and tactics
What knowledge is tested on the Unified State Exam in literature?
What is a “Content Element Codifier”
How to repeat theoretical and literary concepts
check yourself
How to chant literary works
check yourself
Preparing for tasks with a detailed answer
Evaluation criteria: why points are reduced
Preparation for tasks 8-9 and 15-16
check yourself
Preparing for tasks 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
Classification speech errors
Tasks
check yourself
Generalization tasks
Option 1
Option 2
Brief dictionary literary terms
Answers
Applications
Annex 1
Codifier of content elements and requirements for the level of training of graduates educational institutions to conduct a unified state
literature exam
Appendix 2
Criteria for checking and assessing the completion of tasks with a detailed answer.

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Unified State Exam 2017 Literature Standard test tasks Erokhin

M.: 2017. - 72 p.

Typical test assignments in literature contain 10 variant sets of assignments, compiled taking into account all the features and requirements of the Unified State Exam. The purpose of the manual is to provide readers with information about the structure and content of CMM based on literature, the degree of difficulty of tasks. The collection contains answers to all test options and provides the completion of all tasks for one of the options. In addition, samples of forms used in the Unified State Exam for recording answers and solutions are provided. The manual is intended for teachers to prepare students for the literature exam, and for high school students for self-preparation and self-control.

Format: pdf

Size: 1.6 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

CONTENT
Option 1
Part 1 7
Part 2 12
Option 2
Part 1 13
Part 2 18
Option 3
Part 1 19
Part 2 23
Option 4
Part 1 24
Part 2 29
Option 5
Part 1 30
Part 2 35
Option 6
Part 1 36
Part 2 42
Option 7
Part 1 43
Part 2 47
Option 8
Part 1 48
Part 2 53
Option 9
Part 1 54
Part 2 59
Option 10
Part 1 60
Part 2 64
Comment to option 6 65
Part 1 65
Part 2 68
Answers 70

The examination paper on literature consists of 2 parts, including 17 tasks. For execution exam paper According to literature, 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are allotted.
Part 1 includes two sets of tasks. The first set of tasks relates to a fragment of an epic, or lyric epic, or dramatic work: 7 tasks with a short answer (1-7) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences (8, 9).
The second set of tasks relates to the analysis of a lyrical work: 5 tasks with a short answer (10-14) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences (15, 16).
The answer to tasks 1-7 and 10-14 is a sequence of numbers or a word (phrase). Write your answer in the answer field in the text of the work without spaces, commas or other additional characters, and then transfer it to answer form No. 1.
Part 2 includes 3 tasks (17.1-17.3), from which you need to choose only ONE and give a detailed, reasoned answer to it in the genre of an essay on a literary topic of at least 200 words.
We recommend dedicating no more than 2 hours to completing the tasks of Part 1, and the rest of the time to completing the tasks of Part 2.
All Unified State Exam forms are filled out in bright black ink. You can use gel, capillary or fountain pens.
When completing assignments, you can use a draft. Entries in the draft are not taken into account when grading work.
The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.