During the Great Patriotic War, the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic sent more than 120 thousand people to defend the Motherland. The Buryats fought on the war fronts as part of three rifle and three tank divisions of the Transbaikal 16th Army. There were Buryats in the Brest Fortress, which was the first to resist the Nazis. During the war years, 37 natives of Buryatia were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 10 became full holders of the Order of Glory.

Photo by Robert Diament

Buryat snipers became especially famous during the war. Which is not surprising - the ability to shoot accurately has always been vital for hunters.

Hero of the Soviet Union Zhambyl Tulaev destroyed 262 fascists, and a sniper school was created under his leadership.

Another famous Buryat sniper, senior sergeant Tsyrendashi Dorzhiev, by January 1943, destroyed 297 enemy soldiers and officers and shot down a German plane.

Another hero, Buryat sniper Arseny Etobaev, destroyed 355 fascists and shot down two enemy planes during the war years.

And this is another real fighting Buryat

Soviet sniper, Buryat Radna Ayusheev from the 63rd Marine Brigade during the Petsamo-Kirkenes operation in 1944. Here's his story.

Radna Ayusheev was born in 1922 in the village of Inzagatuy in Buryatia. The Ayusheev family of peasants raised 11 children. The head of the family was a good hunter, so he taught his sons to do this from childhood. There were three of them in the Ayusheev family. Radna is the youngest. In 1940, the young man was drafted into the army. For the first year he served in the Far East, and during the war he ended up in the Northern Fleet. It's not surprising that the former hunter became a sniper.

— My grandmother received the last letter from him in 1944,- says Namzhilma, the sniper’s niece. — Then he sent me a photo. It can be seen that he is standing on a boat with a rifle. Since childhood, I remember that a similar photograph always stood in a prominent place, next to the shrine. Later, after the death of Radna’s mother, his photograph was multiplied and distributed to relatives.

I received no more news from my youngest son Badma-Dari. However, there was no funeral either, so the mother hoped that he would return. The family did not forget him.

— Mom was very sorry for her younger brother,- Namzhilma recalls. — He went to war so young, he barely saw life.

In 1979, a multi-part documentary about the Great Patriotic War was shown on television. Imagine the surprise of Ayusheev’s fellow countrymen when, in the 12th episode “War in the Arctic,” they suddenly recognized Radna in one of the sailors!

“He flashed for just a couple of seconds, but we recognized him!”- says Namzhilma. — It was the same as on the photo card. The voice-over announcer said that sailors of the Northern Fleet were going on a campaign to liberate the city of Pechenga near Murmansk. The relatives managed to make out the boat's number - 219 and remembered the date of shooting - October 19, 1944. We sent a request to the military registration and enlistment office, but received no response. This is where the search ended.

“Who knows, maybe he died on this campaign?” — suggests the sniper's niece.

- Only it was written there that it was an unknown soldier,— says Anatoly Dambinimaev, a traumatologist, a native of the village of Inzagatuy. — I myself was not on this trip, but I was told that it was not possible to find out where this photograph came from in the museum. None of the museum's administrative workers were on site, and the schoolchildren themselves were only passing through. When the guys arrived home, they said that they had seen the photo.

And now, almost thirty years later, they started talking about Radna Ayusheev again. Recently, Ulan-Ude resident Bair Etagorov, while looking for the necessary photographs on the Internet, came across a photograph of a sniper. It was posted on a website dedicated to sailors of the Northern Fleet. Ayusheev was photographed by Robert Diament. During the Great Patriotic War, he served as head of the photo bureau of the political department of the Northern Fleet. On duty, together with torpedo bomber pilots, he made combat missions, went on campaigns with submariners, in attacks with the Marine Corps, with boat crews on missions, and accompanied allied convoys.

Apparently, Ayusheev was captured on one of these business trips. The photographer wrote down the sailor's name, but made a slight mistake in the name, which was unusual for him. In Diament's photo archive he is listed as Rashna. Literally one line is written about the fighter: “In the October battles of 1944 near Murmansk, Ayusheev destroyed 25 Nazis”. After the photo was published, several of the sniper’s fellow countrymen responded. However, none of them knows about the fate of Radna Ayusheev.

MY GRANDFATHER – GUARD LIEUTENANT OF THE GREAT VICTORY “A hero is one who died intelligently and bravely, bringing the hour of Victory closer. But twice the hero is the one who managed to defeat the enemy and remained alive.” Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov, Marshal of the Great Patriotic War, twice Hero of the Soviet Union As you know (this is an eternal axiom!), the memory of the Great Patriotic War has become our moral memory, returning us to the heroism and courage of the valiant Soviet people. It is precisely this that does not allow us to fall below the moral mark that marked those bitter and heroic years. This memory continues to live sacredly and persistently in our hearts. After all, the witnesses and participants of the Great Victory are our relatives. Every Soviet family (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, etc.) has its own little war story. I also reverently keep the family chronicle from the front. And I say with pride: my dear grandfathers made a worthy contribution to the defeat of fascism. My essay (like hundreds of thousands of similar stories) is a connection between generations. We urgently need such a sacred thread so that we all know, remember and are proud of our ancestors - Defenders of the Fatherland, Heroes of the Great Patriotic War. It's a pity that almost all of them have already passed away. In heaven are my heroic grandfathers... My paternal grandfather, Honorary Railway Worker of the USSR Pavel Mikhailovich Butov, a descendant of the Kuban Cossacks, lived and worked all his life at the Darkokh railway station near the city of Beslan in the North Ossetian Autonomous Republic. During the war, Pavel Mikhailovich delivered LEND-LISA (American military aid) military cargo by rail from the port of Murmansk to the front-line regions. My grandfather said that their train was repeatedly bombed. And one transit railway station was captured by a German advance detachment in 1942. Soviet railway workers fought their way through the fascist chain - at full speed, firing back from small arms. Telling this story in the 1980s, my grandfather whispered in a cold sweat: “Thank God, we got through...”. It is probably significant that compulsory military service in 1988 - 1990. I served in the Railway Troops - as if continuing family traditions. I even wanted to become a railway officer, but did not pass the medical examination. My maternal grandfather is Ivan Kondratievich Petrenko, a Ukrainian, originally from the village of Semyanovka, in the Dubovyazovsky district of the Sumy region. Ukrainian lieutenant Ivan Petrenko, being a lieutenant in the Red Army, bravely fought against the fascist invaders; died (according to the official document - “missing in action”) in the summer of 1942 somewhere on the Don, that is, in my native Cossack lands. I know practically nothing about my grandfather Ivan Kondratievich Petrenko... Hundreds of thousands of Soviet soldiers died in the Rostov region in May-August 1942, when the Nazis were advancing on Stalingrad. How many fraternal churchyards there are on the Don - without names and without dates! In one of these graves lie the remains of my grandfather, Ukrainian Ivan Kondratievich Petrenko. He, like other fallen soldiers, at the cost of his life contributed to the weakening of the incredible fascist power. And this “dark force” was defeated at Stalingrad. Ivan Petrenko’s younger brother, Nikolai Kondratievich, also went to the front in the first days of the war. A competent, ideologically consistent Dubovyazov Komsomol member born in 1914, after accelerated artillery courses he received the rank of lieutenant and fought in guards artillery regiments. Guard Lieutenant Nikolai Petrenko survived the fiery crucibles of war. He returned to his native Ukraine, covered in medals and orders. Nikolai Kondratievich helped his niece (my mother) Maria get on her feet. He was proud when my mother graduated from the Kharkov Coal Processing Institute and began working in the mines of the Rostov Donbass. Grandfather often came to visit his grandchildren - Vladimir (that is, to me) and Juliet (my sister). Nikolai Kondratyevich, like all front-line soldiers, spoke sparingly about the war. He only mentioned the names of the fronts on which he fought. In 1991, after the collapse of the USSR, we communicated less often. My grandfather lived in independent Ukraine, I lived in the Rostov region. Then, much belatedly, the bitter news came: my grandfather died... A quarter of a century has passed since then. I accidentally discovered in the “expanses” of the Internet “Electronic document bank “Feat of the People in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 – 1942.” – website “Feat of the People”. This electronic resource of the Russian Ministry of Defense published, among other things, award certificates of Ukrainian Guard Lieutenant Nikolai Petrenko. My valiant grandfather... So, I’m reading the profile of the guards artillery officer Nikolai Kondratyevich Petrenko; this document in the electronic bank of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has the corresponding code: TsAMO Archive (Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense), fund 33, inventory 686196, storage unit 644, record number: 22905075. The questionnaire says that Nikolai Petrenko was drafted into the Red Army on July 7, 1941. The technically competent twenty-seven-year-old Komsomol member almost immediately became a lieutenant; As commander of the artillery park, he was enlisted in the artillery regiment of the 40th Army of the Southwestern Front. In modern warfare, artillery is the god of war. The heavier the fighting and the longer the war, the more the infantry, and indeed the entire army, relies on artillerymen. If the “gunners” did a good job, it means that it will be easier for the infantrymen to go on the offensive and have a chance to survive. Artillery crushes, infantry occupies. Nikolai Kondratyevich commanded the artillery park. This is a unit responsible for the transport and storage of ammunition. In the summer and autumn of 1941, Nikolai Petrenko took part in the most difficult battles on the territory of his native Ukraine, defending the left bank of the Dnieper River. Then there were defensive battles in the Kursk and Voronezh regions. On December 20, 1941, during the Kursk-Oboyan offensive operation of the 40th Guard Army, Lieutenant Petrenko received a shrapnel wound near the village of Tim (Kursk Region). He did not receive treatment for long - already in January 1942, Nikolai Kondratyevich returned to combat duty. Meanwhile, the 40th Army became part of the Bryansk Front. During 1942, my grandfather fought on the Oboyan-Kursk-Voronezh line. At these lines, Soviet troops stopped the fascist hordes. In July 1942, the 40th Army became the striking force of the Voronezh Front. At the beginning of 1943, the Kharkov offensive operation was carried out. Nikolai Petrenko at this time received the most honorable front-line award - the Order of the Red Star. The name itself indicates that this award is intended to crown military exploits, for the Red Star is a distinctive sign of Soviet soldiers. The corresponding award sheet has been published on the “Feat of the People” website: TsAMO Archive, fund 33, inventory 682526, storage unit 1627, record number – 17851248. I provide the text of the award sheet (with acceptable minor literary processing without distortion of archival material). “In January-February 1943, in battles with the German invaders of the Guard, Lieutenant of the 76th Guards Artillery Regiment of the 40th Army Nikolai Kondratyevich Petrenko showed courage and bravery. During the offensive, Comrade Petrenko continuously supplied his regiment with ammunition. Despite the difficult winter conditions, the non-stop movement of the artillery regiment behind the advancing infantry, the lack of five vehicles in the artillery fleet, and the lack of trailers, the regiment never experienced a shortage of ammunition. Comrade Petrenko showed resourcefulness and made his way along the snowy road behind the tractor column. So, using tractors, the artillery regiment continuously advanced. On January 31, 1943, the artillerymen occupied advantageous combat positions south of the Gorshechnoye railway station (Kursk region). The enemy fiercely attacked this strategically important settlement, bombed the southern part of the railway station (where Soviet troops were located) and did not allow any of our vehicles to pass. By evening, the Germans managed to push back units of the 25th Guards Rifle Division. The artillerymen urgently needed to replenish the depleted supply of ammunition - otherwise the infantry would not be able to advance. Comrade Petrenko, despite the heavy bombardment, brought three vehicles with artillery shells to the firing positions of the 76th regiment - and without losses. Having familiarized himself with the combat situation, Comrade Petrenko did not wait for darkness and went out again for ammunition. At the risk of his life, he again delivered shells to his comrades, which allowed the artillery regiment to suppress enemy positions with fire. In this battle (near the Gorshechnoye station), the 76th Guards Artillery Regiment destroyed 2 battalions of German infantry, 2 mortar batteries, 4 heavy machine guns, 1 enemy artillery battery. The artillery regiment continued the offensive, providing fire cover for the 40th Army. In the battle near Kharkov on February 16, 1943, enemy bombers constantly bombed the village of Russkaya Lozovaya, where the firing positions of the 76th artillery regiment were located. The Messerschmitts controlled the Kharkov-Belgorod road. In such difficult front-line conditions, Comrade Petrenko promptly provided our batteries with ammunition. With fire support from the artillery of the 76th regiment, the Pyatikhatka station, the northern gate of the city of Kharkov, was occupied. Guard Lieutenant Petrenko is a brave, energetic commander. For his courage and bravery he is worthy of the Government award - the Order of the Red Star.” Order of the Military Council of the 40th Army of the Voronezh Front No. 14/N dated August 8, 1943 read: “On behalf of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the Command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and the valor and courage shown in this case, award Order of the Red Star - Guard Lieutenant Petrenko Nikolai Kondratyevich, art. commander. park of the 76th Guards Army Artillery Regiment." After the battle for Kharkov, my grandfather, as part of the 40th Army of the Voronezh Front, liberated “Ridnaya” Ukraine from the Nazis. The battles for Kyiv were especially fierce in the fall of 1943. The Voronezh Front was renamed the 1st Ukrainian Front; it was headed by the legendary military leaders of the Great Patriotic War: Army General N.F. Vatutin, Marshal of Victory G.K. Zhukov. And from May 1944 until the end of the war, the front was commanded by Marshal I.S. Konev. The 40th Army itself was led by a talented military leader, Lieutenant General F.F. Zhmachenko. After the Korsun-Shevchenko operation of 1944, as a result of which more than 10 enemy divisions were surrounded and destroyed, Guard Lieutenant Nikolai Petrenko received a kind of encouragement for his selfless military work: he was accepted into the ranks of the Communist Party of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. It was the highest honor for front-line soldiers! At the end of 1944, units of the 1st Ukrainian Front reached the State Border of the USSR and began to liberate Poland. Oh, and the Ukrainian Petrenko fought on Polish soil! My grandfather showed incredible valor in freeing his Polish brothers from fascist slavery (it’s a pity that now the Polish “brothers” have forgotten the feat of the Soviet Warrior-Liberator). Fought N.K. Petrenko in foreign lands as part of the 245th Mortar Proskurov Order of Bohdan Khmelnytsky Regiment of the 22nd Brigade of the 1st Ukrainian Front. Evidence of the heroism of Nikolai Kondratyevich is the TsAMO Archive, fund 33, inventory 686196, storage unit 644, record number 22905075. Under this code, in the archive box of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the “Award sheet for the guard lieutenant of the 245th mortar regiment Nikolai Kondratyevich Petrenko” is stored. This document is posted on the Internet resource “Feat of the People.” I will give the text of the Award Sheet (with acceptable minor literary processing without distortion of archival material). “Guard lieutenant of the 245th mortar regiment of the 22nd brigade Nikolai Kondratievich Petrenko in battles from 01/12/1945 to 01/22/1945 in the area of ​​​​the city of Pinchuv, Kielce province (Southern Poland, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship), while serving as commander of the artillery park, showed courage and bravery when delivering ammunition to the unit's firing positions. On the night of January 12, 1945, Comrade Petrenko delivered artillery shells under heavy enemy fire. The German front line is only 800 meters away. Despite the extremely difficult front-line conditions, all 35 vehicles with ammunition arrived at the regimental artillery without loss, which contributed to the successful breakthrough of the enemy defense. During the battles for the city of Pinchuv, Comrade Petrenko continued to timely deliver ammunition to firing positions - following the advancing regiment. On January 22, 1945, the enemy lingered in Pinchuv, fiercely counterattacking our units. Despite the targeted fire, Comrade Petrenko delivered shells to the artillery regiment one vehicle at a time, thereby our artillery suppressed the enemy’s fire crews. The battle was won. Politically literate, devoted to the cause of the Lenin-Stalin Party. Enjoys authority among his subordinates. Worthy of the Government award - the Order of the Patriotic War, II degree. The command of the 22nd Brigade of the 1st Ukrainian Front decided, however, to re-award the Guard Lieutenant Petrenko with the Order of the Red Star - Order of the 22nd Brigade No. 03/N of February 6, 1945. Nikolai Kondratyevich will receive the “Order of the Patriotic War”, first class, 40 years later - in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated March 11, 1985. Award document No. 79, award document date – 04/06/1985, entry No. 1516898702 (the relevant information is posted on the “Feat of the People” website). After the liberation of Poland, N.K. Petrenko, as part of the 22nd Mortar Brigade of the 1st Ukrainian Front, participated in the crossing of the Oder River and the Battle of Berlin. Awarded the medal "For the Capture of Berlin". Twice holder of the Order of the Red Star, Guard Lieutenant Petrenko, fought all four years of the Second World War, met the Great Victory in the German capital - in the defeated lair of the fascist beast. On June 10, 1945, the 1st Ukrainian Front was disbanded. The soldiers returned to their homeland. Nikolai Kondratyevich also arrived in the “ready” region. He was greeted with incredible joy by his sister Anna, niece Maria (my mother) and numerous other relatives and fellow villagers. Valiant veteran of the Great Patriotic War N.K. Petrenko participated in the restoration of the Ukrainian economy, worked hard for many years at the Palmyra Sugar Factory - the village of Voznesenskoye, Zolotonosha district, Cherkasy region of the Ukrainian SSR. Orders and medals for creative work were added to the front-line awards. Nikolai Kondratyevich took an active part in the public life of the Zolotonosha region, in the patriotic education of the younger generation. As I already said, my grandfather provided great help to my mother, Maria Ivanovna, and helped her get a higher education. In 1985, Nikolai Kondratyevich came to visit us - in the mining town of Gukovo, Rostov region. He gave me a gold-plated “Rocket” wristwatch, which I wore for a quarter of a century. I will always cherish the memory of my heroic grandfather, guard lieutenant of the Great Victory Nikolai Kondratyevich Petrenko. And my children, and future grandchildren, will never forget their dear veteran. It’s a pity that for political reasons it’s difficult (which is impossible to hide!) to come to my grandfather’s grave: Ukraine and Russia temporarily quarreled. The graveyard of the heroic guard lieutenant is located in the village of Palmyra (former name - the village of Voznesenskoye) Zolotonosha district, Cherkasy region of the Republic of Ukraine. Eternal glory to the guards officer of the Great Patriotic War Nikolai Kondratievich Petrenko! REMEMBER! WE ARE PROUD! Butov Vladimir, member of the Union of Don Writers.

The feat of Aldar Tsydenzhapov, immortalized in the memory of his fellow Buryats, is not the only thing that people in Aginsky, Buryatia and Ust-Orda are proud of. It so happens that there are many heroes among the Buryats. Starting from the first military exploits of Garmazhap Garmaev, the Buryats in Russia are known not only by their culture, traditions or Lake Baikal, but also by their special attitude to life. Our fellow countrymen often take risks and sacrifice their lives to save others. About the most famous heroes of recent times - and the phenomenon of Buryat heroes - in the material of the online magazine "Respublika".

Thousands of rose petals for Darima

Darima Alikova-Bazarova was a teacher of history and world artistic culture at school number one in the city of Beslan. On that ill-fated day of September 1, 12 years ago, Darima, like hundreds of other residents of the city, found herself hostage to terrorists. Darima died during the capture. Her death was not unique or heroic, however, Darima’s surviving students say that their teacher performed a real feat of courage.

“Darima Batuevna really calmed us down all three days,” says her student Soslan Gusiev. “She stroked the kids on the head, said that everything would be all right, no one would kill anyone. Then, when there was not enough water, Darima never went out to drink herself. I gave all the water to the children.

Only occasionally did she go out with the teachers. In the toilet, she wet rags and discreetly gave them to her students to suck on. When the terrorists began to go berserk and stopped letting her go to the toilet and forbade her to drink water, Darima gutted the bouquets that the guys brought her as a gift. She collected rose petals and distributed them to the children. She said: “Chew them, and there will be moisture in your mouth. Just don’t swallow.”

Many of the fifth grade students, where Darima was the leader, survived. Psychologists said that after the news of Darima’s death, they painted the teacher with thousands of rose petals around her.

One on one with the elements

Lance Sergeant Bair Banzaraktsaev became the only one who died during the flood in the Khabarovsk Territory in 2014. While fulfilling his military duty to eliminate the consequences of the flood, Bair died. His car, as part of a convoy, was carrying sand to a temporary dam on the Amur River, the level of which by that time had already reached 8.5 meters; the river threatened to flood many settlements, including the large city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Thousands of people could have been injured. Bair moved at the tail of the column. On a difficult road section covered with water, the KamAZ car driven by Banzaraktsaev slid off the road. The driver tried to save the military equipment until the last moment, but the car sank.

Banzaraktsaev’s feat was highly noted in the Kremlin, and our fellow countryman was posthumously presented with a medal for courage. In the winter of the same year, President Putin, on his way to a New Year's Eve party in Khabarovsk, picked up Banzaraktsaev's family, his wife and children, on the presidential plane in Chita. On the way, the president drank tea with the military family, and gave the youngest, six-year-old Galsan, a radio-controlled car.

"Vakha" from Donbass

The story of a militia in Donbass Vladimir with the call sign “Vakha” controversial from the point of view of heroism, however, we included “Vakhu” in the list of Buryat heroes due to the fact that on the Buryat Internet users, especially young people, consider “Vakhu” a hero. He is called a prominent representative of the myth of Putin’s “fighting Buryats” in Ukraine.

“Vakha” easily became a media personality in the Ukrainian conflict, without having any official status. Despite the threat to his life and the lives of his loved ones, “Vakha” does not hide his face, does not hesitate to give interviews, does not hide his life, last summer he even came to Ulan-Ude on leave. Here's what he told the local publication Ulanmedia:

I grew up in the Transbaikal region. He grew up among Russians. Sometimes I felt pressure from them and sometimes I wanted to live only among the Buryats. And when I came here I realized that I am against nationalism in general. This far-fetched division into Western and Eastern Buryats has always been incomprehensible to me. It got to the point that some families demanded that a person choose a wife “but not from Irkutsk.”

In general, I am against nationalism in any manifestation, including intra-Buryat, “territorial”. We have traditions, and they must be respected. Otherwise, we will be just a pale spot on the map of the Russian Federation, the entire world, if there is no unification among the people themselves. We will simply be on par with central Russia. Well, there are some Buryats, but how do they differ? And nothing, just the shape of the eyes. And their mentality is the same as everyone else’s. I would not like to live to see such times. I would like people to come to us and see our national characteristics. Not to become Indians on a reservation is our own task.

Farmer Babu-Dorzho Mikhailov

Shepherd Babu-Dorzho Mikhailov from the Chita region twice saved a large flock of sheep. The first time from a fire in the taiga, the second from armed bandits. The price of a twice rescued flock is 4 million rubles. Shepherd Babu-Dorzho became a Hero of Russia in 2007.

On April 15, 2007, Babu-Dorzho single-handedly managed to stop a steppe fire that could have destroyed a flock of 525 sheep, agricultural equipment and tanks with fuel and lubricants. Mikhailov conveyed a message to the fire department with a driver passing through the parking lot. He himself, without wasting time, drove the sheep beyond the plowed strip. Then he started the tractor and plow and plowed a few more strips in front of the approaching fire. The animals remained alive.

The second time, the sheep had to be recaptured from criminals with weapons in their hands.

“As they call them, brothers, the thieves have arrived. I simply explained to them: we’re leaving, guys, nothing will work out here,” Babu-Dzhorzho said then.

Hero of Russia, senior shepherd of the State Unitary Enterprise "Experimental Production Farm "Ononskoe" of the Shilkinsky District Babu-Dorzho Mikhailov was born into a family of hereditary sheep breeders in the village of Novoye on March 12, 1953. He studied at school, lived in a boarding school, and during the holidays he helped his parents take care of the flock. Before serving in the army, he received a specialty in electromechanics at the Shilkino Technical University. After the army, in 1975, Babu-Dorzho returned to the Shilkinsky district and a few months later adopted an elite breeding flock in the largest farm in the region - the State Unitary Enterprise "OPH" Ononskoye", which is a breeding plant for breeding sheep of the Trans-Baikal fine-fleece breed.

Sailor Aldar Tsydenzhapov

Today, on the territory of ethnic Buryatia, it is perhaps impossible to find a person who does not know the name Aldara Tsydenzhapova. A 19-year-old conscript soldier saved the lives of 299 crew members of the destroyer “Bystry”. But he himself died. A monument to the young hero was erected in his homeland in Aginsk, and this summer another one appeared in the capital of Buryatia.

On September 24, 2010, a fire broke out on the destroyer Bystry, when almost the entire crew of the ship was on board. Aldar Tsydenzhapov, who took up duty as a boiler crew operator, immediately rushed to plug the fuel leak. Aldar understood that if it was not blocked, the remaining 299 people on the ship could die. 10 seconds in flaming clothes with terrible pain - and he managed to put out the fire.

Experts say if a boiler exploded on a destroyer, the entire crew could have died. “This would threaten the ship with developing into a massive fire with the most severe consequences. It’s hard to predict how the boiler would behave,” confirms the commander of the divisional movement of the destroyer “Bystry” Alexey Konoplev.

After the fire, Aldar was taken in serious condition to the Pacific Fleet hospital in Vladivostok. Doctors fought for his life for four days, but, unfortunately, on September 28, at the age of 19, he died. Aldar had less than a month to serve. By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1431 of November 16, 2010, Aldar Tsydenzhapov was posthumously awarded the title Hero of Russia.

The history of mankind has always been a history of wars, at all times, in all eras. And in all eras there are people who leave a mark on history, whose names are burned on its tablets. These people are called heroes. The first Hero of the Soviet Union from Buryatia, Garmazhap Ayurovich Garmaev, was born in 1916 in the village. Upper Torey is in a poor peasant family, his parents were cattle breeders, and from an early age he helped them with housework. After graduating from the Verkhnetoreisk elementary school, Garmazhap began his career on his native collective farm. Before the army, he worked as a shepherd, herdsman, plowman, mower, and learned the full brunt of peasant labor. In 1937, he was drafted into the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and served in the 12th Cavalry Regiment of the Buryat Red Banner 50th Cavalry Brigade. After the disbandment of the 5th Separate Transbaikal Cavalry Brigade and the transition to the extraterritorial principle of formation in May and June 1938, over 400 soldiers and brigade commanders were sent for further service in the Leningrad Military District, many of whom participated in the war with Finland from November 1939. to March 1940. Among them was our fellow countryman Garmazhap Ayurovich. After graduating from junior command courses, he became a squad commander. During the fighting from February 11 to 28, 1940, the famous Mannerheim Line was broken. For courage and heroism, about 50 thousand soldiers were awarded government awards, and 400 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Among them were our fellow countrymen Nikolai Yakovlevich Kyaptin, lieutenant, commander of a tank company, Red Army soldier Garmazhap Ayurovich Garmaev, veteran of the 12th cavalry regiment. Machine gunner of the 257th Infantry Regiment of the 78th Infantry Division of the 7th Army of the North-Western Front. Garmaev G. A., assigned to reconnaissance as a squad commander, discovered that the White Finns had ambushed near the road and decided to destroy the group with a squad. But a forest blockage appeared on the path of the Red Army soldiers. And the Finns opened fire on the Soviet intelligence officers. The fighters began to retreat, and Garmazhap Ayurovich decided to cover them. The White Finns, seeing one fighter, decided to take him prisoner, but Garmaev boldly entered into battle with the enemy platoon. Under the force of fire from Garmaev's light machine gun, the enemy soldiers lay down. There are very few cartridges left in the disk. Having thrown the last grenade at the enemy soldiers, Garmaev began to retreat to the forest. Sitting down to rest in the forest, he heard a familiar voice. It was the seriously wounded platoon commander, Lieutenant Vasily Fedorovich Oreshkov. “Go, don’t linger, I’m going to die anyway,” Vasily Fedorovich said dully. But could Garmazhap leave his wounded commander in trouble? He carried him carefully, like a child. He carried him on his back, in his arms... Garmaev made a difficult journey that pre-dawn morning. For minutes it seemed as if my hands and body were no longer obeying my mind. But the jaws of this courageous man clenched more and more, and he crawled on. At dawn, soldiers from one of the units detained unidentified Red Army soldiers. And soon the regiment commander shook hands with Garmazhap Garmaev and thanked him for his heroism. Our fellow countryman at the front was always ready to carry out any task of the commander. More than once he made desperate, bold forays behind enemy lines and brought back the “tongue.” One day Garmaev tracked down an enemy artillery crew, secretly crawled up to it and finished off all the Finns in hand-to-hand combat. Turning the muzzle of the gun towards the enemy, he opened fire. The ingenuity and courage of the fighter decided the success of the battalion's offensive. His ingenuity and energy knew no bounds. A brave, physically seasoned, disciplined fighter, Garmaev, in the war with Finland, honorably justified the high rank of a soldier of the Red Army. More than once Garmazhap Garmaev obtained important information about the enemy and saved his comrades from certain death. The whole front started talking about the brave Buryat warrior. For the exemplary performance of combat missions and the courage and heroism displayed at the same time, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 11, 1940, Garmaev Garmazhap Ayurovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - the first of the Buryats. This event was greeted very enthusiastically by fellow countrymen. Garmazhap Ayurovich became a famous person not only in the region, but also in the republic. He went to Moscow to receive the award. The Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union were presented to him by the All-Union Elder Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin. The award ceremony coincided with the stay of Buryat artists on the occasion of the Decade of Art of the Buryat-Mongolian People in Moscow. The USSR government organized a reception for this occasion. It was attended by I.V. Stalin, V.M. Molotov, M.I. Kalinin, K.E. Voroshilov and other leaders of the party and government. Garmazhap Ayurovich later liked to talk about his meeting with the country’s leaders. The fighting is over. And at the end of 1940, foreman Garmaev returned to his native collective farm “Pyatiletka” in the village. Upper Torey. But he did not have to engage in peaceful labor for long. On the recommendation of the party authorities, Garmazhap Ayurovich went to work in the Dzhidinsky district police department, and for some time worked as an instructor for the Dzhidinsky district party committee. On Garmaev’s initiative, in 1941, saber and machine gun platoons and squadrons of conscripts were created in each village Soviet. Thus, there were 20 equestrian circles in the region, in which 284 pre-conscripts and 52 women studied military affairs. When the Great Patriotic War began, Garmaev repeatedly made requests to be sent to the front. However, he was not drafted into the army. Then he turned to M.I. Kalinin with a letter. On February 19, 1942, the Dzhidinsky district military registration and enlistment office drafted Garmazhap Ayurovich into the army. Garmaev was sent to the Nizhneudinsk Cavalry Military School, after which he was awarded the rank of “lieutenant” and he was sent to serve in the Kyakhta Border Detachment of the Trans-Baikal Border District, was a translator, and then the commander of a border platoon. In April 1944, at his personal request, he was transferred to the western border, to the city of Brest. With the rank of senior lieutenant, he served as assistant chief of staff of the 3rd Border Commandant's Office. In battles with nationalist gangs, Garmazhap Ayurovich was seriously wounded and died on July 16, 1945. The brave son of the Buryat people, Hero of the Soviet Union, was buried near the walls of the legendary Brest Fortress. In the name of G.A. Garmaev's border outposts in the cities of Kyakhta and Brest were named, and monuments to the hero were erected there. A collective farm in his small homeland and one of the streets in the village of Petropavlovka bear his name. Every year one conscript serves at the Garmaev outpost in the Kyakhtinsky border detachment. Each person leaves his mark on the earth. Our glorious fellow countryman, Hero of the Soviet Union, Garmazhap Ayurovich Garmaev, left a bright mark worthy of imitation. Grateful descendants will never forget the warrior-compatriot-hero. The bright memory of Garmazhap Ayurovich lives not only in street names, poems, songs, but also in the hearts of his fellow countrymen.

I. Poddelsky, Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the Department of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Dzhidinsky District.

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Presentation on the topic: Heroes of the Soviet Union from Buryatia

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Hero of the Soviet Union Ivan Matveevich Chertenkov Ivan Matveevich Chertenkov was born in the Kursk region. As a young man, he came to Buryatia and began working on the construction of a pedagogical institute. Later he worked at the railway station and station of the city of Ulan-Ude. In January 1942, he was drafted into the Red Army and sent to the Amur Flotilla. But soon Ivan Chertenkov changed his pea coat and cap to a gray soldier's overcoat. The sailor's request to be sent to the front was granted.

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Feat of the Soldier In the battles for Kharkov, private soldier Ivan Chertenkov of the 8th Infantry Company of the 78th Infantry Regiment of the 25th Guards Order of the Red Banner Rifle Division took part in the battles for Kharkov as part of the legendary Shironin platoon. This happened in March 1943. Twenty-five guardsmen entered the battle against an enemy column consisting of 25 tanks and 15 armored vehicles. The unequal duel lasted three and a half hours. Nazi attacks followed one after another. The Germans sent twenty tanks into the third attack. The fight at the crossing was especially brutal. Everyone who could hold a weapon fell into line. The guardsmen fought to the death. The German attack was repulsed/ In this unequal battle, Ivan Chertenkov died the death of a hero. The courageous feat of the guards inspired the Soviet and Czechoslovak soldiers who fought hand in hand in the Kharkov area. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 18, 1943, J.M. Chertenkov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. One of the streets in the city of Ulan-Ude is named after him.

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Izot Antonovich Vakarin Izot Antonovich Vakarin was born in 1911 in the village of Peski, Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky district, Chita region. In 1936, Vakarin came to Ulan-Ude and went to work as a blacksmith at a locomotive and carriage plant. Izot Vakarin’s combat biography began in 1942. After completing the command courses, he was assigned to the Kalinin Front.

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The glorious path of the hero… ..The battles for the city of Demidov were fierce. After artillery barrage, Senior Lieutenant Vakarin and his soldiers were the first to break into the outskirts of the city. A hand-to-hand fight ensued, in which the fearless commander personally destroyed 9 fascists, and the entire company destroyed up to 60 Nazis. Accompanied by a soldier, he climbs the bell tower - and the Soviet flag flutters high above his head. Beginning of June 1944. There are battles for the liberation of Soviet Belarus. The company, under the command of Senior Lieutenant Vakarin, is fighting fiercely for the liberation of the villages of Khozhan, Zuboki, Saptsy. The battle on the southwestern peak of Saptsa was especially difficult. Having withstood the stubborn onslaught of the enemy, Vakarin’s company destroyed about 200 fascists in this battle with heavy fire. The commander was seriously wounded, but completed the combat mission to the end. For the courage and bravery shown in battles with the German invaders, I. A. Vakarin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Guard Major Vakarin died from wounds in 1945 as commandant of the city of Smolensk, but the grateful memory of him will live in the hearts of people for a long time

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Hero of the Soviet Union Klypin Nikolai Yakimovich Nikolai Yakimovich Klypin was born in 1908 in the city of Verkhneudinsk (Ulan-Ude). In 1932, Nikolai Klypin became a student at the Ulyanovsk Tank School....1939. Klypin participates in the liberation of Western Ukraine.

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Hero of the Finnish war. ...1940. There is trouble on the Finnish border, and Klypin is again at the forefront. Being in a tank ahead of the advancing troops, he destroyed two anti-tank guns with well-aimed fire, blew up a machine-gun pillbox, smashed an observation post, and destroyed three houses from which the White Finns were firing artillery. When his tank was hit, the crew, leaving the burning car and taking with them a machine gun and hand grenades, continued to smash the enemy until our troops approached. For exceptional courage and bravery in battles with the White Finns, Major Nikolai Yakimovich Klypin on March 21, 1940 By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

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Commander of a tank brigade. The Great Patriotic War found Klypin on the western border. Commanding a tank brigade, he took part in the Battle of Moscow against General Guderian's tank army. In one of the battles on the eve of New Year 1942, Colonel Klypin was seriously wounded. After treatment, he is appointed head of the 2nd Saratov Tank School. But the serious injury does not pass without a trace for the hero. In March 1943, Colonel N.Ya Klypin died. The memory of him will live in the hearts of people for a long time. A street in Ulan-Ude is named in honor of the Hero.

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Hero of the Soviet Union Pyotr Timofeevich Kharitonov From his boyhood, Pyotr Timofeevich Kharitonov dreamed of being a pilot. Therefore, while working on the construction of a meat processing plant, then as a teacher at school No. 12 in the city of Ulan-Ude, he constantly studied at the flying club. With a Komsomol permit, he was sent to a flight school, after which he arrived at a unit where he improved his flying skills.

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Pilot's exploits. From the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he immediately opened his combat account. He rammed the first enemy plane on the fifth day of the war. During the harsh days of the siege of Leningrad, P.T. Kharitonov, together with his military friends, guarded the Leningrad sky, always showing courage and high flying skill. In air battles, he boldly approached the enemy, using cunning, ingenuity, and skillful maneuver in the air. Only in battles on the Leningrad Front, as part of the 158th Fighter Regiment, he shot down 4 enemy aircraft. On July 8, 1941, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. For the second ram he was awarded the second Order of Lenin. During the war, P.T. Kharitonov made 180 combat missions. After the Great Patriotic War, the brave pilot graduated from the Air Force Academy and was appointed commander of an aviation regiment. In 1958, for health reasons, Lieutenant Colonel Kharitonov resigned.

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Hero of the Soviet Union Bystrykh Boris Stepanovich Boris Stepanovich Bystrykh was born in 1916 at Mysovaya station into the family of a railway worker. From the first days of the war, the Bystry brothers took part in hostilities. During the war, Boris Bystrykh flew 220 combat missions and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Battle, 2 Orders of Lenin and the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. ...It was the sixth day of the Great Patriotic War. In the battle, the Bystrykh plane was damaged, but he launched a second bombing attack, which completed the defeat of the enemy column. So, at the very beginning of the war, Boris Stepanovich Bystrykh proved himself to be a brave and courageous pilot and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Battle.

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Courage and heroism On July 28, 1942, Boris Stepanovich Bystrykh received the task of conducting reconnaissance in the Kalach-Tsimlyansk area. Suddenly the bomber was attacked by three Nazi fighters. The right engine caught fire. But the crew, not wanting to be captured by the enemy, pulled the burning plane almost 40 km to the front line. The crew ejected, but the parachutes did not have time to open due to the low altitude. Navigator Captain I.I. Markevich died. Radio operator-gunner Pavel Shevel and Boris Stepanovich Bystrykh received severe bruises upon landing. On November 5, 1942, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, senior lieutenant Boris Stepanovich Bystrykh was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for courage and heroism shown in battles with the Nazi invaders. June 3, 1943 year while carrying out the next combat mission by B.S. Bystrykh. died heroically. The crashed plane was found in 1975, the remains of the crew were reburied in the village of Revny, Navlynsky district, Bryansk region.

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Hero of the Soviet Union Garmazhap Ayurovich Garmaev Garmazhap Ayurovich Garmaev - machine gunner of the 257th Infantry Regiment (7th Infantry Division, 7th Army, North-Western Front), private. Born on June 5, 1916 in the village of Verkhniy Torey, now the Dzhidinsky district of Buryatia, into a family peasant. Buryat. Member of the All-Union Communist Party (6) since 1941. Primary education. He worked on a collective farm. He was drafted into the Red Army in 1937. Participated in the campaign of Soviet troops in Western Ukraine in 1939. Participant in the Soviet-Finnish war in 1939-40.

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Hero of the Finnish War In the winter of 1940, during the Soviet-Finnish War, being surrounded, he fired accurately with machine guns. Having caused damage to the enemy, he escaped from the encirclement. He carried out the seriously wounded commander. In January 1940, secretly; got close to the enemy gun, destroyed the crew, opening fire from the gun, supported the advance of the rifle battalion. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal of Hero of the Soviet Union No. 220 was awarded to Garmazhap Ayurovich Garmaev on April 11, 1940.

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Hero of the Hero City of Brest In 1940 he was demobilized. He worked as an instructor for the Dzhidinsky district party committee. In 1942 he graduated from officer courses and was assigned to the Kyakhta border detachment. From April 1944, he served on the western border in the 86th border detachment (Brest) as assistant chief of staff of the 3rd border commandant's office (Brest Red Banner border detachment named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky); Died July 16, 1945. He was buried in the city of Brest. Awarded the Order of Lenin and medals. Border outposts in the city of Kyakhta and in the city of Brest are named after the Hero. Monuments to the hero were also erected there.

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Hero of the Soviet Union Rinchino Bazar Rinchinovich Rinchino Bazar Rinchinovich was born into a large family. There were four brothers. They all left to defend their homeland. But the fate of the youngest, Bazar, turned out differently. Working as a teacher at the Zutkulei primary school, at the beginning of 1943 he volunteered to go to the front.

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The exploits of a warrior-liberator. There were heavy, fierce battles for the liberation of Soviet Ukraine from the Nazi invaders. It was here that the Rinchino Bazaar came to fight. He received his first baptism of fire near Kyiv. The offensive of the Soviet troops was being prepared. It was necessary to get the “tongue”. Rinchino went on a combat mission with Private Fedorov. But it so happened that two were against fifty, and this is where the courage and resourcefulness of the Soviet intelligence officers showed themselves. One after another, grenades flew into the very thick of the Germans. It was so unexpected that the 23 survivors of them raised their hands. Here is another episode from the front-line life of a hero. Heavy fighting broke out in the Zhitomir region. Rinchino received a combat mission: together with a unit of anti-tank rifles, repel the attack and hold out until the main forces of the brigade arrived. In this battle, Bazar Rinchino knocked out 3 enemy tanks and was killed in an unequal battle. But the enemy did not pass through, and the task set by the command was completed.

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By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 10, 1944, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the German invaders and the courage and heroism shown, Rinchino Bazar Rinchinovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

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Hero of the Soviet Union Vladimir Buzinaevich Borsoev Vladimir Buzinaevich Borsoev was born in 1906 in the Kholbot ulus (now Kyrma) of the Bayandaevsky district of the Irkutsk region. At the age of six, he was left an orphan and was forced to work as a laborer for wealthy peasants. In the 30s, a wave of collectivization swept across the country and Siberia and 24-year-old Borsoev became one of the active participants in the collective farm movement. A young communist (he joined the party in 1930) is elected chairman of the commune in the Tukhum ulus. Then he is sent to study at the Bursov Party School, after which he works as an instructor for the Ekhirit-Bulagat district committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Belarus.

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Cadet of the Leningrad Artillery School To strengthen the country's defense power, new recruits are being called into the army. Many Buryat youths express a desire to enter military schools. Among them was V.B. Borsoev. In 1932 he became a cadet at the Leningrad Artillery School. Red October, which he successfully completed in 1934. He began his service in the 193rd motorized rifle regiment. And from that day on, the life of V.B. Borsoeva will be connected with artillery to the end. Three years later, as a promising commander, he was sent to the Combined Arms Academy. M.V. Frunze. In one of his letters to his brother, Vladimir Buzinaevich wrote: “...Today I proudly swore allegiance with all my soul to the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government, to my Motherland. He took an oath before the people and sealed it with his signature forever.” And his oath to V.B. Borsoev restrained himself.

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In the battles near Donbass in the spring of 1941, he graduated from the Academy. The Great Patriotic War found him in the village of Ermolovka, near Grozny. And already at the beginning of July 1941, Captain Borsoev, as commander of an artillery division, repelled the attacks of Nazi troops in the battles near the cities of Fastov beyond the Dnieper and Krasny Luch in the Donbass. In the battle of Fastov, Borsoev was seriously wounded, but did not leave the battlefield and continued to lead his division. Only after graduation he was sent to the hospital. After recovery, he returned to the unit, where he was appointed chief of staff of the 966th artillery regiment of the emerging 383rd Donbass Division. He is engaged in the selection of command staff for the regiment, trains former miners in artillery, instilling military ingenuity and courage in the soldiers. And in the battles during the defense of Krasny Luch, the miner-artillerymen did not disgrace their military honor, they beat the enemy like Borsoev.

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In the Voronezh direction... In June 1942 V.B. Borsoev is appointed commander of the artillery regiment of the 8th Fighter Brigade. In the summer of the same year, his regiment, having arrived at the Voronezh Front, together with other units heroically repelled the Nazi offensive on the southern part of Voronezh. In November 1942, Borsoev was awarded the rank of lieutenant colonel. In January 1943, the offensive of our troops began in the Voronezh direction. The regiment's artillery hit the Nazis with direct fire and repelled attacks by enemy infantry and tanks. In fierce battles, breaking enemy resistance, Soviet troops liberated their native land. Borsoev's regiment made a fighting transition from near Voronezh to the Ukrainian city of Sumy. In July 1943, Borsoev's regiment received an order from the command to take up defense in the Tomarovka area and prevent the passage of enemy tank units. The Borsoevites fought heroically, knocked out, and burned the German “tigers,” “panthers,” and “Ferdinands.”

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The exploits of brigade commander Borsoev After the defeat of the Nazis near Kursk, Borsoev's regiment continues the offensive in the Sumy direction. For this successfully performed operation V.B. Borsoev was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In August 1943, Borsoev's anti-tank fighter regiment, after a short rest, was again promoted to the front line. And he was immediately attacked by enemy tanks and infantry. Enemy artillery fired heavily. Attack followed attack. But the Borsoevites fought to the death, repelling the onslaught of the enemy. And an example to them was the personal courage of the regiment commander, his skillful actions on the battlefield. Having exhausted the enemy, repelling his attacks, the regiment went on the offensive and, under heavy enemy fire, crossed the Dnieper, captured a bridgehead and held it until the main forces arrived. Together with other units and formations of the Soviet Army, Borsoev’s regiment participated in the liberation of Kyiv and Fastov. In May 1944, Colonel V.B. Borsoev is appointed commander of the 11th Guards Order of Lenin fighter anti-tank artillery brigade of the reserve of the High Command and takes part in battles to encircle and destroy the enemy in the Korsun-Shevchenkovskaya area. Among the first, his brigade entered the city of Proskurov (now Khmelnitsky) and was given the name Proskurovskaya. It was at the post of brigade commander that the organizational talent of the young military leader was revealed. More than once, Moscow saluted the brigade for military successes, and the personnel were noted in the orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.

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The Kursk Bulge, the Voronezh and First Ukrainian Fronts, heavy battles for the liberation of Right Bank Ukraine and the Carpathian region, the capture of the Sandomierz bridgehead on the left bank of the Vistula, the liberation of Krakow and a number of Polish cities, the crossing of the Oder and the assault on Ratibor - these are the stages of the military journey of our fellow countryman. And everywhere guard Colonel V.B. Borsoev showed examples of courage and personal courage. He was wounded three times, but each time he returned to duty. On the morning of March 8, 1945, during the offensive from the Oder bridgehead, V.B. Borsoev was mortally wounded. At his request, the soldiers buried their combat commander in Lvov. For military services, V.B. Borsoev was awarded the Order of the Red Star, the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, the Order of Lenin, and the American Order of the Legion of Merited Officers. In honor of the 20th anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 6, 1965, Vladimir Buzinaevich Borsoev was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Feat of an artilleryman On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since 1942. He fought on the Voronezh and 1st Ukrainian fronts as a commander of a gun of an artillery division of the 70th mechanized Proskurov Red Banner Order of Suvorov brigade. Shpi the last days of the war. It was during these days that junior sergeant Khantaev distinguished himself in the street battles for Berlin. Using his direct-fire gun, he destroyed 2 locomotives on which firing positions were located, and 6 German snipers. A little later, with well-aimed artillery fire, he destroyed a German column, including 4 armored personnel carriers with manpower, 9 vehicles with ammunition, and 7 motorcycles. In total, he destroyed over three companies of enemy soldiers and officers and captured 49 Nazis. The command highly appreciated the artilleryman’s feat. For exceptional courage, dedication and excellent performance of combat missions, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 27, 1945, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

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Biography of mechanic Sergei Oreshkov Sergei Oreshkov was born in 1916 in the northern village of Chuprino. The family was large, there were many eaters, but little bread. And from the age of eight, Sergei began helping his father with housework. He studied at school, completed the seven-year school and in September 1931, entered the Arkhangelsk school of factory training (now GPTU No. 9). Sergei studied diligently. He especially liked the practical classes that took place at the Krasnaya Kuznitsa plant. In August 1933, Oreshkov entered the metalworking and assembly shop of the plant no longer as a trainee, but as a full-fledged worker. He repaired ships and learned from the experience of his older comrades. He wanted to quickly learn all the intricacies of his favorite specialty. “This guy will make a smart mechanic,” said the elderly workers, watching how diligently Sergei worked. Soon, due to his mother’s illness, he had to leave Arkhangelsk. He began working at the Vologda Steam Locomotive Repair Plant, closer to his native village. He worked here for a short time, but managed to establish himself as a knowledgeable and skillful mechanic. When the plant received a request to send an experienced mechanic to Buryatia to a new steam locomotive repair plant, the choice fell on Oreshkov. By this time, his mother had recovered, and Sergei left for Ulan-Ude. He worked here since May 1935, from here in February 1942, with the rank of junior lieutenant, commander of a rifle platoon, he went to the front.

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The ancient Ukrainian village of Vasishchevo. In the spring of 1943, bloody battles took place in its area. The battles were especially brutal near the settlements of Lebyazhye and Chuguevo, located on the outskirts of Kharkov. A rifle platoon of the 124th Guards Regiment of the 41st Guards Rifle Division, commanded by S. Oreshkov, took part in these battles. On the evening of August 15, 1943, the guard regiment commander, Major Matveev, gathered platoon commanders in his dugout. “Tomorrow is the decisive battle for the village of Vasishchevo,” he said. - Our regiment was ordered to knock out the Nazis from this village and hold it until the neighboring regiment arrives. Three platoons will enter the battle. The platoon of guard junior lieutenant Oreshkov will begin the offensive. He was recently accepted as a candidate member of the party... Sergei returned to the platoon location, gathered the squad commanders, and spoke about the task assigned to the platoon. Then he checked the presence of weapons and ammunition, and talked with the newcomers. The morning of August 16 turned out to be sunny. The enemy's positions were in full view. Of all types of fortifications, pillboxes stood out clearly. Sergei counted them again and checked their location on the map. He warned the squad commanders about their readiness for the upcoming battle: “Our platoon is going first.” The success of the operation depends on how we act... And here is a signal flare. - Comrades, attack! - Sergei commanded and was the first to jump over the parapet of the trench. Having run about fifty meters, the platoon lay down - a machine gun was firing from a fascist pillbox on the right. Sergei looked back; several of his soldiers had been killed. And the enemy’s machine gun kept pouring fire on the ground. Suddenly he fell silent. And catching this moment, Sergei jumped up: - Follow me! For the Motherland! Forward! The soldiers followed their commander in short dashes. Again a fountain of fire erupted from the fascist pillbox. Sergei threw a grenade into the embrasure, but it did not reach. Not noticing that he was wounded, he rushed alone to the enemy pillbox. He threw the grenade again. This time it exploded right next to the pillbox. For a second the machine gun choked, but then again, sowing death, it spoke. “How to silence this fascist vermin?! The grenades ran out. The platoon behind, lay down. And the machine gun scribbled and scribbled, as if its tape was endless... No, you’re lying, Fritz, You can’t fool me...” Sergei waited until the machine-gun burst moved away from him. He rose easily and with wide leaps rushed towards the embrasure of the pillbox... Sergei did not feel any pain. A loud “hurray” managed to reach my consciousness. It was the soldiers of his platoon who went on the offensive.

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