Heroines of the Belarusian land. Children - heroes of the Great Patriotic War Heroes of World War II Belarusians and their exploits presentation
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Zina Portnova, Alexander Matrosov and other heroes
Submachine gunner of the 2nd separate battalion of the 91st separate Siberian volunteer brigade named after Stalin.
Sasha Matrosov did not know his parents. He was brought up in an orphanage and a labor colony. When the war began, he was not even 20. Matrosov was drafted into the army in September 1942 and sent to the infantry school, and then to the front.
In February 1943, his battalion attacked a Nazi stronghold, but fell into a trap, coming under heavy fire, cutting off the path to the trenches. They fired from three bunkers. Two soon fell silent, but the third continued to shoot the Red Army soldiers lying in the snow.
Seeing that the only chance to get out from under fire was to suppress the enemy’s fire, Sailors and a fellow soldier crawled to the bunker and threw two grenades in his direction. The machine gun fell silent. The Red Army soldiers went on the attack, but the deadly weapon began to chatter again. Alexander’s partner was killed, and Sailors was left alone in front of the bunker. Something had to be done.
He didn't have even a few seconds to make a decision. Not wanting to let his comrades down, Alexander closed the bunker embrasure with his body. The attack was a success. And Matrosov posthumously received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Military pilot, commander of the 2nd squadron of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment, captain.
He worked as a mechanic, then in 1932 he was drafted into the Red Army. He ended up in an air regiment, where he became a pilot. Nikolai Gastello participated in three wars. A year before the Great Patriotic War, he received the rank of captain.
On June 26, 1941, the crew under the command of Captain Gastello took off to strike a German mechanized column. It happened on the road between the Belarusian cities of Molodechno and Radoshkovichi. But the column was well guarded by enemy artillery. A fight ensued. Gastello's plane was hit by anti-aircraft guns. The shell damaged the fuel tank and the car caught fire. The pilot could have ejected, but he decided to fulfill his military duty to the end. Nikolai Gastello directed the burning car directly at the enemy column. This was the first fire ram in the Great Patriotic War.
The name of the brave pilot became a household name. Until the end of the war, all aces who decided to ram were called Gastellites. If you follow official statistics, then during the entire war there were almost six hundred ramming attacks on the enemy.
Brigade reconnaissance officer of the 67th detachment of the 4th Leningrad partisan brigade.
Lena was 15 years old when the war began. He was already working at a factory, having completed seven years of school. When the Nazis captured his native Novgorod region, Lenya joined the partisans.
He was brave and decisive, the command valued him. Over the several years spent in the partisan detachment, he participated in 27 operations. He was responsible for several destroyed bridges behind enemy lines, 78 Germans killed, and 10 trains with ammunition.
It was he who, in the summer of 1942, near the village of Varnitsa, blew up a car in which was the German Major General of the Engineering Troops Richard von Wirtz. Golikov managed to obtain important documents about the German offensive. The enemy attack was thwarted, and the young hero was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for this feat.
In the winter of 1943, a significantly superior enemy detachment unexpectedly attacked the partisans near the village of Ostray Luka. Lenya Golikov died like a real hero - in battle.
(1926-1944)
Pioneer. Scout of the Voroshilov partisan detachment in the territory occupied by the Nazis.
Zina was born and went to school in Leningrad. However, the war found her on the territory of Belarus, where she came on vacation.
In 1942, 16-year-old Zina joined the underground organization “Young Avengers”. She distributed anti-fascist leaflets in the occupied territories. Then, undercover, she got a job in a canteen for German officers, where she committed several acts of sabotage and was only miraculously not captured by the enemy. Many experienced military men were surprised at her courage.
In 1943, Zina Portnova joined the partisans and continued to engage in sabotage behind enemy lines. Due to the efforts of defectors who surrendered Zina to the Nazis, she was captured. She was interrogated and tortured in the dungeons. But Zina remained silent, not betraying her own. During one of these interrogations, she grabbed a pistol from the table and shot three Nazis. After that she was shot in prison.
An underground anti-fascist organization operating in the area of modern Lugansk region. There were more than a hundred people. The youngest participant was 14 years old.
This underground youth organization was formed immediately after the occupation of the Lugansk region. It included both regular military personnel who found themselves cut off from the main units, and local youth. Among the most famous participants: Oleg Koshevoy, Ulyana Gromova, Lyubov Shevtsova, Vasily Levashov, Sergey Tyulenin and many other young people.
The Young Guard issued leaflets and committed sabotage against the Nazis. Once they managed to disable an entire tank repair workshop and burn down the stock exchange, from where the Nazis were driving people away for forced labor in Germany. Members of the organization planned to stage an uprising, but were discovered due to traitors. The Nazis captured, tortured and shot more than seventy people. Their feat is immortalized in one of the most famous military books by Alexander Fadeev and the film adaptation of the same name.
28 people from the personnel of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment.
In November 1941, a counter-offensive against Moscow began. The enemy stopped at nothing, making a decisive forced march before the onset of a harsh winter.
At this time, fighters under the command of Ivan Panfilov took up a position on the highway seven kilometers from Volokolamsk, a small town near Moscow. There they gave battle to the advancing tank units. The battle lasted four hours. During this time, they destroyed 18 armored vehicles, delaying the enemy's attack and thwarting his plans. All 28 people (or almost all, historians’ opinions differ here) died.
According to legend, the company political instructor Vasily Klochkov, before the decisive stage of the battle, addressed the soldiers with a phrase that became famous throughout the country: “Great Russia, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind us!”
The Nazi counteroffensive ultimately failed. The Battle of Moscow, which was assigned the most important role during the war, was lost by the occupiers.
As a child, the future hero suffered from rheumatism, and doctors doubted that Maresyev would be able to fly. However, he stubbornly applied to the flight school until he was finally enrolled. Maresyev was drafted into the army in 1937.
He met the Great Patriotic War at a flight school, but soon found himself at the front. During a combat mission, his plane was shot down, and Maresyev himself was able to eject. Eighteen days later, seriously wounded in both legs, he got out of the encirclement. However, he still managed to overcome the front line and ended up in the hospital. But gangrene had already set in, and doctors amputated both of his legs.
For many, this would have meant the end of their service, but the pilot did not give up and returned to aviation. Until the end of the war he flew with prosthetics. Over the years, he made 86 combat missions and shot down 11 enemy aircraft. Moreover, 7 - after amputation. In 1944, Alexey Maresyev went to work as an inspector and lived to be 84 years old.
His fate inspired the writer Boris Polevoy to write “The Tale of a Real Man.”
Deputy squadron commander of the 177th Air Defense Fighter Aviation Regiment.
Viktor Talalikhin began to fight already in the Soviet-Finnish war. He shot down 4 enemy planes in a biplane. Then he served at an aviation school.
In August 1941, he was one of the first Soviet pilots to ram, shooting down a German bomber in a night air battle. Moreover, the wounded pilot was able to get out of the cockpit and parachute down to the rear to his own.
Talalikhin then shot down five more German aircraft. He died during another air battle near Podolsk in October 1941.
73 years later, in 2014, search engines found Talalikhin’s plane, which remained in the swamps near Moscow.
Artilleryman of the 3rd counter-battery artillery corps of the Leningrad Front.
Soldier Andrei Korzun was drafted into the army at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War. He served on the Leningrad Front, where there were fierce and bloody battles.
On November 5, 1943, during another battle, his battery came under fierce enemy fire. Korzun was seriously injured. Despite the terrible pain, he saw that the powder charges were set on fire and the ammunition depot could fly into the air. Gathering his last strength, Andrei crawled to the blazing fire. But he could no longer take off his overcoat to cover the fire. Losing consciousness, he made a final effort and covered the fire with his body. The explosion was avoided at the cost of the life of the brave artilleryman.
Commander of the 3rd Leningrad Partisan Brigade.
A native of Petrograd, Alexander German, according to some sources, was a native of Germany. He served in the army since 1933. When the war started, I joined the scouts. He worked behind enemy lines, commanded a partisan detachment that terrified enemy soldiers. His brigade destroyed several thousand fascist soldiers and officers, derailed hundreds of trains and blew up hundreds of cars.
The Nazis staged a real hunt for Herman. In 1943, his partisan detachment was surrounded in the Pskov region. Making his way to his own, the brave commander died from an enemy bullet.
Commander of the 30th Separate Guards Tank Brigade of the Leningrad Front
Vladislav Khrustitsky was drafted into the Red Army back in the 20s. At the end of the 30s he completed armored courses. Since the fall of 1942, he commanded the 61st separate light tank brigade.
He distinguished himself during Operation Iskra, which marked the beginning of the defeat of the Germans on the Leningrad Front.
Killed in the battle near Volosovo. In 1944, the enemy was retreating from Leningrad, but from time to time they attempted to counterattack. During one of these counterattacks, Khrustitsky's tank brigade fell into a trap.
Despite heavy fire, the commander ordered the offensive to continue. He radioed to his crews with the words: “Fight to the death!” - and went forward first. Unfortunately, the brave tanker died in this battle. And yet the village of Volosovo was liberated from the enemy.
Commander of a partisan detachment and brigade.
Before the war he worked on the railway. In October 1941, when the Germans were already near Moscow, he himself volunteered for a complex operation in which his railway experience was needed. Was thrown behind enemy lines. There he came up with the so-called “coal mines” (in fact, these are just mines disguised as coal). With the help of this simple but effective weapon, hundreds of enemy trains were blown up in three months.
Zaslonov actively agitated the local population to go over to the side of the partisans. The Nazis, realizing this, dressed their soldiers in Soviet uniforms. Zaslonov mistook them for defectors and ordered them to join the partisan detachment. The way was open for the insidious enemy. A battle ensued, during which Zaslonov died. A reward was announced for Zaslonov, alive or dead, but the peasants hid his body, and the Germans did not get it.
During one of the operations, it was decided to undermine the enemy personnel. But the detachment had little ammunition. The bomb was made from an ordinary grenade. Osipenko himself had to install the explosives. He crawled to the railway bridge and, seeing the train approaching, threw it in front of the train. There was no explosion. Then the partisan himself hit the grenade with a pole from a railway sign. It worked! A long train with food and tanks went downhill. The detachment commander survived, but completely lost his sight.
For this feat, he was the first in the country to be awarded the “Partisan of the Patriotic War” medal.
Peasant Matvey Kuzmin was born three years before the abolition of serfdom. And he died, becoming the oldest holder of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
His story contains many references to the story of another famous peasant - Ivan Susanin. Matvey also had to lead the invaders through the forest and swamps. And, like the legendary hero, he decided to stop the enemy at the cost of his life. He sent his grandson ahead to warn a detachment of partisans who had stopped nearby. The Nazis were ambushed. A fight ensued. Matvey Kuzmin died at the hands of a German officer. But he did his job. He was 84 years old.
Volokolamsk. There, an 18-year-old partisan fighter, along with adult men, performed dangerous tasks: mined roads and destroyed communication centers.
During one of the sabotage operations, Kosmodemyanskaya was caught by the Germans. She was tortured, forcing her to give up her own people. Zoya heroically endured all the trials without saying a word to her enemies. Seeing that it was impossible to achieve anything from the young partisan, they decided to hang her.
Kosmodemyanskaya bravely accepted the tests. Moments before her death, she shouted to the assembled locals: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers, before it’s too late, surrender!” The girl’s courage shocked the peasants so much that they later retold this story to front-line correspondents. And after publication in the newspaper Pravda, the whole country learned about Kosmodemyanskaya’s feat. She became the first woman to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War.
There has never been a war in history in which the aggressive goals of the aggressor were so large-scale and inhumane, and the repulse to the enemy was of such a nationwide character as in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The ideological basis of the policy of German fascism was the misanthropic theory of the Nazis about the racial superiority of the German nation over other peoples. The implementation of this ideology included not only violence, the seizure of territories and material assets of other states, but also the creation of an industry for the mass destruction of people. It is quite natural that from the very first days of Nazi aggression, the people of Belarus, like the entire Soviet people, rose to defend the Fatherland from the Nazi invaders.
The border guards were the first to enter the battle with the Nazis. The border guards of the outpost under the command of officers M.K. Ishkov, A.M. Kizhevatov, who was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, I.G. Tikhonov, V.M. Usov and many others fought courageously and selflessly against the enemy.
Heroic defense of the Brest Fortress. The whole world knows the heroic defense of the legendary Brest Fortress. The steadfastness and courage of its defenders surprised even its enemies. Having surrounded the fortress, the Nazis constantly fired at it from guns and mortars, fascist planes dropped bombs weighing up to two tons and barrels of gasoline on the forts. The defenders of the fortress lacked ammunition, water, food, and medicine, but nothing could break their resilience. For almost a month the garrison bravely fought the enemy. Even when the fortress was captured, separate groups of its defenders, holed up in the basements, did not stop fighting. Their heroism and dedication are evidenced by the inscriptions preserved on the walls of the fortress: “We will die, but we will not leave the fortress,” “There were three of us, it was hard for us, but we did not lose heart and die like heroes,” “I am dying, but I am not giving up.” ! Farewell, Motherland! Most of the defenders of the fortress, among whom were representatives of 30 nationalities, died the death of the brave; some, having broken through the encirclement, became partisans.
Defense of the Brest Fortress (fragment). Artist E. Zaitsev
For exceptional steadfastness, courage and heroism shown during the defense of the Brest Fortress, 68 people were awarded government awards, and the commander of the 44th Infantry Regiment P. M. Gavrilov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The Brest Fortress was awarded the title “Hero-Fortress”.
The feat of the aircraft crew N. Gastello. On the fourth day of the war, June 26, 1941, Nikolai Frantsevich Gastello performed a heroic feat with his crew. By the beginning of World War II, Captain Gastello was the commander of the bomber squadron of the 207th Air Regiment. The squadron launched a powerful bomb attack on the Nazis on the Molodechno-Radoshkovichi road. But when the bombers were leaving the target, an enemy shell pierced the gas tank of the command vehicle. The fire engulfed the entire plane, and it was impossible to put out the flames. It was possible to leave the plane and land by parachute, but this meant captivity. The commander and his crew, consisting of navigator A. A. Burdenyuk, gunner G. N. Skorobogaty and gunner-radio operator A. A. Kalinin, preferred death to captivity. The commander directed the burning plane at a column of tanks, vehicles and gas tanks. The explosion of the bomber caused significant damage to the enemy in manpower and equipment. At the site of the feat accomplished by the courageous crew, a memorial monument was erected, and in the town of Radoshkovichi, a monument was erected to Hero of the Soviet Union N. F. Gastello.
Major General Dovator. Short but bright was the path of the illustrious son of the Belarusian people, the legendary commander and brave cavalryman Lev Mikhailovich Dovator. In 1941, his cavalry group broke through behind enemy lines. The Nazis urgently reported that a 100,000-strong Cossack army was operating in their rear (in fact, there were 3,000 cavalrymen). In the same year, the fearless commander, Major General Dovator, headed the 3rd Cavalry Corps, which was transformed into the 2nd Guards Corps for its courage and heroism. The brave and talented commander led cavalrymen into attacks, and by personal example showed the soldiers examples of courage and heroism, and fiery love for their Motherland. On December 19, 1941, Dovator walked with a small group of scouts with the lead division, from where he led the corps. Knocking down the barriers of the invaders, the cavalrymen reached the Ruza River opposite the village of Paleshkino, Moscow Region. But then a barrage of fascist fire fell on them. The critical moment has arrived. Then Dovator grabbed a pistol with his left hand (he had been wounded in his right hand the day before), rose to his full height and shouted “For the Motherland!” led the soldiers to storm the enemy fortifications. A machine gun burst killed the beloved cavalry commander. Monuments have been erected at the hero’s grave and at the site of his death; streets in many Belarusian cities are named after him.
Brave sniper Smolyachkov. A native of the Mogilev region, Feodosius Smolyachkov, already in the first months of the war, became famous for his military deeds not only for the entire Leningrad Front, but also for the entire army, throughout the country. An eighteen-year-old intelligence officer from a separate reconnaissance company became the initiator of the sniper movement to destroy the fascist invaders. By the beginning of 1942, he had 125 killed fascists on his combat account, on whom he spent 126 rounds of ammunition. The master of a well-aimed shot, despite his youthful age, has a whole school. He trained 10 snipers who killed several hundred Nazis. In total, skilled snipers - students and fighting friends of Private Smolyachkov, including the brave Belarusian girl sniper V.I. Lukashenko, destroyed more than 5 thousand fascists. Feodosius Artemyevich Smolyachkov died in battle on January 15, 1942. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The feat of the Krichevtsov tank brothers. Konstantin, Mina and Elisey Krichevtsov are tanker brothers from the Gomel region. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, they fought at the front in the same tank crew. In a battle near the village of Lapa near Bialystok, their tank was hit. Then the brothers directed their burning car at the fascist tank. Having destroyed it at the cost of their lives, they blocked the path of enemy tanks on a narrow passage of the wetland. A street in the village of Borok, Gomel region, is named after the Krichevtsov brothers.
The heroic feat of Kovalev. Grigory Semenovich Kovalev is another native of the Gomel region. In 1939, he participated in the liberation of Western Belarus; during the Great Patriotic War, he first fought in a partisan brigade, and from July 1944 - in the rifle brigade of the 3rd Belorussian Front. In the fight against the Nazi invaders, Sergeant Kovalev showed fearlessness and heroism. During the liberation of Lithuania from the Nazis on August 18, 1944, in a battle for a height west of the city of Siauliai, he threw himself with a bunch of grenades under the tracks of an enemy tank. The soldiers, inspired by his feat, destroyed several more tanks and repelled the enemy attack. G. S. Kovalev was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A street in the city of Rogachev was named after him, and in the village of Bolshaya Kuvshinka, in the hero’s homeland, a high school was named after him.
Glorious exploits of Belarusian pilots. Belarusian patriots fought heroically in the air. The first high-altitude aerial ram in history was carried out in the Moscow sky by the pilot of the 12th Fighter Regiment A. N. Katrich. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was also awarded to his fellow countrymen - Minsk resident I. I. Kozlovsky and Vitebsk resident P. F. Sychenko. In the battles near Kursk, fighter pilot A.K. Horovets provided air cover for ground troops. Returning to his airfield on July 6, 1943, he entered into battle with 20 enemy bombers and, possessing the highest flying skill, shot down 9 enemy aircraft. A.K. Horovets is the only pilot in the world who shot down so many enemy aircraft in one air battle. Monuments have been erected in Polotsk and in the homeland of Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Konstantinovich Horovets. Streets in Vitebsk, Minsk, Polotsk, Senno, and the town of Bogushevsk are named after him.
The only pilot in the world who has completed four aerial rams is Belarusian B.I. Kovzan. He is called the man of legend. During the Great Patriotic War, his name, which became a symbol of fearlessness, courage and perseverance, instilled fear in the Nazis. During the war years, he made 360 combat missions, conducted 127 air battles, in which he shot down 28 and rammed 4 enemy aircraft. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to Boris Ivanovich Kovzan after the battle near Staraya Russa. In a continuous battle with 13 fascist vultures, B.I. Kovzan rammed a fascist plane with his already burning plane. And, as always, the pilot from the legend remained alive and continued to terrify the enemy.
Brave Belarusian sailors. Vice Admiral V.P. Drozd, a native of Buda-Koshelev, became famous in the Baltic sea. Under his command, in the fall of 1941, ships of the Baltic Fleet made a bold breakthrough from Tallinn to Kronstadt and transported the defenders of the Khanka Peninsula to the Leningrad Front. The brave admiral died in January 1943 on the ice track near Kronstadt.
During the war, the submarine "Shch-310" under the command of Vitebsk resident S. N. Bogorad hunted for enemy ships. And no matter how strong the security of the enemy’s sea convoys, the brave commander always boldly led his submarine into a decisive attack. In only two campaigns, the boat crew sank 7 enemy ships. The submarine "Shch-310" was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, and its commander was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. On another submarine, the legendary “S-13” under the command of A. I. Marinescu, a native of the Vitebsk region, foreman of the 2nd article P. S. Boytsov, who was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, sailed and participated in the sinking of three enemy ships.
Courageous nurse. After graduating from nursing courses, a young Vitebsk resident, Zina Tusnolobova, volunteered for the front. For 8 months, medical service sergeant Tusnolobova carried 128 wounded soldiers and officers from the battlefield. In the bitter winter of 1943, in the Kursk region, the patriot was seriously wounded, her hands and feet were frostbitten, which had to be amputated. But Zina did not leave the ranks of the fighters against fascism: she spoke on the radio, in the press, and called on her fellow countrymen to fight the enemy until complete victory. At the front there were tanks, planes, guns and mortars with the inscriptions “For Zina Tusnolobova!” In a letter to her beloved, Lieutenant Joseph Marchenko, who fought at the front, she wrote: “I lost my arms and legs. It’s bitter and insulting to remain disabled at the age of 23... I don’t want to burden you with any worries. Organize your life as if I never existed. Farewell..." After the victory, Joseph returned to Polotsk to his beloved girl. Over the 40 years they lived together, they maintained mutual love and loyalty, raised a son, Vladimir, and a daughter, Nina. A street in Polotsk is named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Zinaida Mikhailovna Tusnolobova-Marchenko. The International Committee of the Red Cross awarded Z. M. Tusnolobova-Marchenko the Florence Nightingale Medal.
Fearlessness on the Eve of Victory. One thousand four hundred and tenth day of the war. Among the many Belarusians participating in the storming of the Reichstag was junior sergeant Pyotr Pyatnitsky. Battalion commander Neustroev recalls: “The banner was needed more than ever. Somewhere I took out a piece of red cloth. He gave this painting to junior sergeant Pyotr Pyatnitsky and said: “People are lying in the square. The Reichstag is close. Everyone lay down - both ours and our neighbors from Davydov’s battalion. When you reach the chain, give my order to attack! Raise people...” Peter jumped from the window into the crater and crawled into the chain. Then he stood up and grabbed the cloth. There are already ten, fifteen, twenty people around him... He dropped the scarlet banner just in front of the steps - he was killed.” The Victory Banner was hoisted over the dome of the Reichstag by Mikhail Egorov and Meliton Kantaria. There were eight days left until victory.
Massive courage and heroism. For courage, valor and heroism shown in the fight against the fascist invaders, more than 300 thousand soldiers and officers - natives of Belarus - were awarded orders and medals, 446 of them were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 71 people became full holders of the Order of Glory. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded twice: to pilot P. Ya. Golovachev, commanders of tank formations I. I. Gusakovsky, S. F. Shutov, I. I. Yakubovsky.
- Why was the war of the Soviet people with the German fascists 1941-1945? called Patriotic?
- Name the Belarusian soldiers you know - heroes of the Great Patriotic War. Tell us about their exploits.
- What confirms the massive courage and heroism of Belarusian soldiers in the Great Patriotic War?
- How does Belarus honor the memory of the soldiers who defended their Motherland from the Nazi invaders? Name the heroes in whose honor streets, schools are named, memorials and monuments were erected in your locality, district, city.
- How do you honor the memory of soldiers who died in the Great Patriotic War? How do you honor and help living military veterans?
The war demanded from the people the greatest effort and enormous sacrifices on a national scale, revealing the fortitude and courage of man, the ability to sacrifice himself in the name of freedom and independence. During the war, heroism became widespread and became the norm of human behavior. Thousands of soldiers and officers immortalized their names during the defense of the Brest Fortress, Odessa, Sevastopol, Kiev, Leningrad, Novorossiysk, in the battle of Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk, in the North Caucasus, the Dnieper, in the foothills of the Carpathians, during the storming of Berlin and in other battles.
During the Great Patriotic War, more than a million residents of Belarus were mobilized into the active army, about 400 thousand heroically fought the enemy as part of partisan detachments and formations. Hundreds of thousands of Belarusians worked in the rear. And wherever immigrants from Belarus were - in a front-line trench, at the helm of an airplane and the levers of a tank, or near a machine tool - everywhere they showed restraint, courage, and hard work.
Whole families were often sent to the front. In the family of Stepan Plyats, a resident of the village of Ozertsy, Tolochinsky district, four sons - Dmitry, Leonid, Mikhail and Ivan and two daughters-in-law - Raisa and Rufima - fought against the invaders. All of them served in aviation. During the war, they made 2,640 combat missions, were awarded 50 orders and medals, and Rufima and Raisa became Heroes of the Soviet Union. The remaining members of this family took part in the partisan movement.
In the battle of Moscow, the cavalry corps, commanded by a native of the Beshenkovichi district, became famous Lev Mikhailovich Dovator(February 20, 1903, village of Khotino, Vitebsk region - December 19, 1941). Courageous horsemen under his leadership penetrated deep into the rear and appeared where the enemy was not expecting them. They smashed enemy headquarters and garrisons, blew up bridges, destroyed communication lines, and contributed to the liberation of many settlements in the Moscow region. The Cossacks called him their favorite general and wrote songs about the legendary corps commander. The Germans, in order to take revenge on this hated and elusive “Russian,” completely burned his native village. They even put a large reward on his head - 100 thousand Reichsmarks. The brave corps commander died a heroic death in December 1941 near the city of Ruza. This happened near the village of Palashkino, 12 kilometers from Ruza. The dovator personally examined the area with binoculars before the battle. The Cossacks were behind the commander - 700 meters away. The general released his horse and took off his cloak, which, against the backdrop of a snow-covered field and sparse trees, was a good target. And as soon as he stood up to his full height, he was literally hit by a machine-gun burst. Lev Dovator was only 38.
Tank driver Gavriil Antonovich Polovchenya (1907-1988)- commanded a special tank battalion. His tank crews became famous during the liberation of the Kalinin region, for which the battalion commander became a Hero of the Soviet Union.
People from Belarus fought heroically not only on the ground, but also in the air. The first high-altitude air ram in history was carried out in the Moscow sky by Belarusian Alexey Nikolaevich Katrich (October 25, 1917 - November 25, 2004), pilot of the 12th Fighter Aviation Regiment. On August 11, 1941, Lieutenant Alexei Katrich, flying a MiG-3 fighter, paired with Lieutenant M.I. Medvedev, flew out to intercept an enemy Do-215 reconnaissance aircraft heading for Bologoye. Katrich overtook him above Ostashkov at an altitude of about 8000 m and from a distance of 100 m he pierced the entire plane with a machine-gun burst. With the second burst, Katrich set fire to one of the engines, and with the third, he killed the shooter, but the Dornier continued to fly. Then Katrich decided to ram. Quickly approaching the bomber, he approached it at a slight angle from the left side and damaged the stabilizer and fin with the ends of his aircraft's propeller. Soon the Dornier crashed into the ground near the village of Staritsa and burned out. Lieutenant Katrich landed safely at his airfield. The only damage to the fighter was the bent ends of two propeller blades. It was the world's first high-altitude ram.
Khoruzhaya Vera Zakharovna (September 14, 1903, Bobruisk - 1942, Vitebsk)- Hero of the Soviet Union, partisan activist, liaison between the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus and the front command. During the Civil War she fought with the troops of Bulak-Balakhovich. After the end of the war, she worked in the Komsomol of Belarus. Since 1924 - secretary of the underground Central Committee of the Komsomol and member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Western Belarus. She was arrested on September 15, 1925 and sentenced by the Polish authorities to eight years in prison. Exchanged for a Polish priest and in 1932 returned to the Soviet Union. After the German occupation of Belarus, she and her husband joined a partisan detachment under the command of Korzh and worked there as a liaison. Caught by the Germans near Vitebsk and, after inhuman torture, executed in November 1942.
Vice Admiral became famous in the Baltic seas Valentin Petrovich Drozd (09/03/1906–01/29/1943), native of Buda-Kosheleva. Under his command, in the fall of 1941, the ships of the Baltic Fleet made a bold breakthrough from Tallinn to Kronstadt, rescued and transported the defenders of the Hanko Peninsula to the Leningrad Front. The brave admiral died in January 1943 on the ice track near Kronstadt.
Captain 3rd rank also became famous in the Baltic Samuil Nakhmanovich Bogorad (August 17, 1907, Vitebsk - April 23, 1996), submarine commander. During the war, his boat sank 7 enemy ships. Participant of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941, having met its beginning in the position of assistant commander of the submarine “D-2 “Narodovolets”” of the Baltic Fleet. In September 1942, the D-2 went on a combat mission, and, operating on the enemy’s main communications, sank the transport Jacobus Fritzen and caused significant damage to the Deutschland railway ferry. Since March 1944, S. N. Bogorad was the commander of the submarine "Shch-310" (3rd division of the submarine brigade of the Baltic Fleet), which he commanded until the end of the war. Under his command, Shch-310 made three military cruises, recording eight sunk and damaged enemy ships.
Thousands of soldiers from Belarus took part in the battles near Kursk. The son of a peasant from the village of Moshkany, Sennen district, Vitebsk region Alexander Konstantinovich Gorovets(March 12, 1915 - July 6, 1943, Kursk region) provided air cover for ground troops in the Vladimirovka - Alkhovatka area. On July 6, 1943, returning to his airfield, he entered into battle with 20 enemy bombers and shot down 9 enemy aircraft. Horovets is the only pilot in the world who shot down so many enemy aircraft in one air battle. The brave pilot died in the same battle, and was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Streets in Vitebsk, Minsk, Polotsk, Senno, Bogushevsk are named after him.
The name of a native of the Shevtsovo farm, Rassonsky district, is widely known. Zinaida Mikhailovna Tusnolobova (November 23, 1920 - May 20, 1980). She went to the front in April 1942 and personally carried 128 wounded from the battlefield. In February 1943, in the Kursk region, she was seriously wounded, her arms and legs were frozen, which had to be amputated. But she did not leave the ranks of the fighters, spoke on the radio, in the press, and called for fighting the enemy until complete victory. At the front there were planes, tanks, guns, mortars with the inscription “For Zina Tusnolobova.” She was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The International Committee of the Red Cross awarded her its medal.
Shmyrev Minay Fillipovich(December 11, 1891, village of Punishche, Velizh district, Vitebsk province, - September 3, 1964, Vitebsk) - organizer of the partisan movement in the Vitebsk region during the Great Patriotic War. Hero of the Soviet Union (1944). Partisan pseudonym - Belor. Father Menai. The commander of the partisan detachment, in June 1941, organized a partisan detachment from factory workers in the village of Pudot between Surazh and Usvyaty; from April 1942 - commander of the 1st Belarusian Partisan Brigade. The partisans set up ambushes in the Surazh-Usvyaty-Velizh direction, as a result of which the German occupiers declared the detachment’s area of activity a “partisan zone” and repeatedly - unsuccessfully - tried to liquidate it. Personal tragedy: after unsuccessful attempts to destroy the partisans, the Nazis resorted to their usual measure. Four young children of Minai Shmyrev were arrested and later shot: Lisa (14 years old), Sergei (10 years old), Zina (7 years old) and Misha (3 years old). The Germans initially promised to leave the children alive if Old Man Minai voluntarily surrendered, but 14-year-old Lisa gave her father a note from prison in which she asked him not to believe the promises of the Germans and not to surrender to them. On February 14, 1942, the Nazis shot Shmyrev’s children, as well as his sister and his wife’s mother (Shmyrev’s wife died before the war). The heroic partisan did not stop the war; on the contrary, he only fought back the enemy more fiercely. He was buried with honors in the center of Vitebsk, on Assumption Hill.
According to some data, the date of birth is September 15 (new style) (see. I. N. Shkadov. - M.: Voenizdat, 1987. - T. 1 /Abaev - Lyubichev/. - P. 22. - 911 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN ex., Reg. No. in RCP 87-95382), according to others - November 12 (see. Encyclopedia of Victory: Belarus - Moscow. - Mn. : Belarusian Encyclopedia, 2010. - P. 496.), on the third - November 22 (see. Forever in the people's heart / I.P. Shamyakin. - Mn. : Belarusian. Sov. Encyclopedia, 1984. - P. 7.)During the Great Patriotic War, Belarus lost every third inhabitant, but even drenched in the blood of millions of people, plundered and dilapidated, the country did not give up. After many decades, the memory of the feat of the people who made the greatest contribution to the Victory over fascism is sacred.
Among the 34.4 million Soviet soldiers who took part in hostilities on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, over 1.3 million were Belarusians and natives of Belarus.
Every year in Belarus there is many events, dedicated Great Patriotic War. In places heroic battles and human tragedies impressive obelisks were created and installed, unique historical routes Gomel (battle during the crossing of the Dnieper), in the vicinity of Grodno, and other cities of the country.
Arriving in Belarus, you will see how reverently they treat memory of the Great Patriotic War and how they protect the world, won at the cost of millions of lives...
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