The verb faire in French. French verb faire: conjugation by tenses and moods Conjugation of the verb faire in imparfait

In modern French There are verbs that everyday speech of native speakers cannot do without. The polysemous faire also belongs to them, the conjugation of which should be one of the first to remember.

Verb meaning

Beginners learning French mainly use only 2-3 meanings of faire: “to do” and “to do something.”

• Ce soir je suis occupé, je dois faire mes devoirs. - I'm busy in the evening, I have to do my homework.
• Elle fait de la musique toute sa vie. - She has been making music all her life.

In addition to these meanings, faire has such meanings as “to create, to create,” “to order,” “to force,” “to act,” “to harmonize” (for example, about clothes), as well as many colloquial variants. Faire also appears in many common usages and in impersonal expressions describing weather events, everyday activities, and playing musical instruments.

Indicative mood

Let's look at the main tense forms of the verb faire. The conjugation in the present tense is based on fai- in all persons and numbers, except for the form ils/elles font. The verb also has a special form - vous faites.

In Imparfait, the endings are added to the stem fais-, and there is an alternation of vowels in the endings: -ai- appears before unpronounceable letters, and the vowel -i- precedes the pronounced endings -ons, -ez, which is typical for all verbs in this tense.

In Futur, the consonant -r- (fer-) appears at the base, all endings are pronounced.

The Passé Composé of this verb is formed using the auxiliary avoir and the participle fait. The same participle occurs in all complex tenses and in the conditional mood of the past tense.

Faire in Passé Simple is needed when reading fiction; it is not used in oral speech. In this case, you will have to memorize the forms, because from initial form There is nothing left except the first letter. It should be remembered that forms have 1 and 2 faces plural a “cap” appears - accent circonflexe (î).

Conditional and subjunctive faire

The conjugation of the verb in these moods will be needed when we are talking about actions caused by any factors, about possible or desired actions. For example:

• Si tu savais cette règle, tu ne ferais pas tant de fautes. - If you knew the rule, you wouldn’t make so many mistakes (Conditionnel présent in the main sentence)
• Si Pauline était venue à six heures, tu auraisfaith tes devoirs avec elle. - If Polina came at 6, you would do your homework with her (Conditionnel passé in the main sentence)
• Je veux qu'elle fasse des devoirs avec moi. - I want her to do her homework with me (Subjonctif présent in a subordinate clause).

Let's look at how each of these times is formed.

Conditionnel forms of the present tense are used to denote actions relating to the present or future tense. For verbs of group 3, the stem coincides with the stem in Futur simple (fer-), and the endings are the same as in Imparfait (tu ferais). Needed in the past tense auxiliary verb avoir in the form Conditionnel present and a conjugated verb in the form Participle passé (tu aurais fait).

The use of the subjunctive mood in speech allows you to express your attitude, evaluate what is happening, and communicate desired or probable actions. Subjonctif usually occurs in subordinate clauses and depends on the verb in the main clause. Of the 4 forms, Present du subjonctif is considered the most used, the rest are much less common in oral speech. faire in this mood does not occur according to the rules, it should be remembered: fass- acts as the basis. A verb in the subjunctive mood is almost always preceded by que (qu'elle fasse).

Imperative

As in Russian, this mood is used to express requests, wishes, prohibitions or commands. It has 3 forms that coincide with the corresponding forms of Présent de l’Indicatif (for faire the conjugation will be as follows: fais, faisons, faites), and personal pronouns are not used in sentences. For example:

• Fais la vasselle, s’il te plait. - Wash the dishes, please.
• Faisons du tennis. - Let's play tennis.
• Faites de la bicyclette, les enfants. - Ride a bike, kids.

For negative requests or prohibitions, it is enough to put negative particles ne... pas (or ne... jamais, ne... plus, ne... rien, etc.) before and after the verb, respectively.

• Ne me fais pas peur. - Don't scare me.

By devoting a little time to studying this verb, you can significantly enrich your speech with new useful phrases.

The verb faire in French, although it does not play a leading grammatical role, is used quite often, as a rule, in stable, formed phrases. For example, “Il fait beau” - when talking about good weather; “faire des progrès” - about success, “faire attention à” - we are talking about focusing attention on someone or something, etc. In general, this word has quite a lot of meanings, but for the first time (while you are still just starting to master the wisdom of the language), you can remember the main ones - “to do something” and “to do”.

In addition, this incorrect part of speech has meanings such as “to force”, “to order”, “to create”, and when talking about how they are dressed, it is used to mean “to harmonize”. Infinitive - Present - faire; Passé - avoir fait. The present participle formed from it has the form “faisant”, the past tense form is “fait”. Various variants of this part of speech, in addition to set expressions, are most often found in descriptions of the weather, everyday actions, etc. Example of phrases denoting activities:

• faire du progrès - to make progress
• faire un voyage - to travel

Conjugation of the verb faire in French

The conjugation of the verb faire in French in any variant does not differ from the changes in its derivatives. Understanding such material will help you better understand how the conjugation of the verb faire and its other features are formed. For example, “Contrefaire” - to counterfeit, “Parfaire” - to improve, “Défaire” - to cancel, etc. The conjugation of the verb faire in the present is fai-, regardless of number and person, with the exception of the form ils/elles font. Endings are added to the main part fais- (incomplete past tense). The grammar here has the following feature - if the sounds are not pronounced, they are preceded by -ai-, and for pronounced -ons, -ez, the preceding vowel letter -i- is used.

When you see -r- (fer-) - this is the simple future tense, there are no unpronounceable endings in this case. To form Passé Composé (complex past tense group), the auxiliary words avoir and fait are used. The conjugation and declension of the verb faire in the past complete tense is necessary to know in order to read fiction. Not found in spoken language. In any case, the verb faire and its main features will need to be learned and remembered, because This will not only enrich your speech, but will also make it easy to master the basics of everyday French communication.

Phrases " fairelaisser+ infinitif"are causative constructions in which faire and laisser acquire modal knowledge: faire- encourage to carry out an action denoted by an infinitive; laisser- do not interfere carrying out an action denoted by an infinitive.

a) For correct interpretation faire+ infinitif One should first of all take into account the fact that the subject faire and the subject of the infinitive do not coincide. Transformation of a sentence with this construction leads to a subject-object restructuring, and the subject of the action denoted by the infinitive turns out to be the direct or indirect object of the original construction.

See also materials on grammar:

or

Let's compare: Je lui ferai partir.= Jeferai(deland sorte)qu'ilparte. I'll make him leave. = I'll make sure he leaves.

It should be remembered that an infinitive construction cannot have two direct objects, therefore, if an infinitive construction has a direct object, the implicit (implied, unexpressed) semantic object of the infinitive has an indirect form.

For example: Vous faites dire à Cicéron une chose? qu'il n'a jamais dite.You attribute to Cicero words that he never uttered.

Jeluiferaiexaminercetteaffaire. I will instruct him to look into this matter.

If the infinitive construction does not have a direct object, the implicit semantic subject of the infinitive can be in direct and indirect form. For example:

Personne au monde ne le (lui) fera changer d'avis. .No one in the world will force him to change his mind.

Let's look at Russian equivalents faire + infinitif:

A. Faire + infinitif with the meaning of ordering to perform an action in Russian corresponds to the verbs order, force, compel in the same form as faire, + the lexical equivalent of the infinitive. For example:

Faites -le obéir.Forceobey him.

It should be noted, however, that faire can designate very different degrees of motivation, which are specified by the situation (context). Compare:

faire entrer un accusé dans la salle d’audience —enterprisonerVhallmeetings

faire entrer un invité au salon - priglasit (carry out) guest in statemuddy

The design equivalent is thus chosen taking into account the context and lexical meanings infinitive, its subject and object. It can be, for example, a verb in the personal form or a verb phrase, the semantics of which consists of two components: force - an analogue of faire - and the lexical equivalent of the infinitive. For example:

faire acheter order to buy smth.

faire comprendre explain

faire croire to inspire, to assure

faire dire convey

faire manger feed

faire penser suggest

faire remarker to point out sth.; attract someone attention

faire rire make laugh, make laugh

faire sourire to make you smile

faire savoir to inform, notify

faire sortir output

faire suivre forward

faire venir call, invite, introduce

When translating faire + infinitif, a periphrastic phrase can also be used, consisting of the verb to give in the same form as faire, + the lexical equivalent of the infinitive. For example:

Ellea fait lire à mon fils les lettres de ton mari.Shegavemysonreadlettersyourshusband.

When translating faire + infinitif with an addition, a subject-object transformation is possible, for example, this happens when translating the construction faire + infinitif, when the subject of the construction is an abstract noun. The subject of the original sentence in such cases is transformed into a prepositional adverbial word; direct object of the infinitive - into the subject of a Russian sentence; the predicate is the lexical equivalent of the infinitive in the same form as faire:

L’é motionle fitcrier. He screamed out of excitement. (Compare: Excitement made him scream.)

A similar transformation can take place inside complex sentence, while the lexical equivalent of the infinitive can be transposed into a participle. For example:

Pablo retenait son souffle. Il fouillait land nuit de sesueux que le froid faisait pleurerPablohidbreath.He gazed intensely into the night with his eyes, teary from the cold(who were watering from the cold).

Faire + reflexive verb

A reflexive verb is used without a reflexive pronoun, especially if the verb exists only in a reflexive form. For example:

Faire repentir qn – to make someone repent

Faire asseoir qn – to seat

Faire taire qn - to silence

Faire évanouir qn:

La peur l'a fait évanouir. She fainted from fear.

Faire dresser les cheveux sur la tête:

Cette histoire fait dresser les cheveux sur la tête. This story makes the hair on your head stand on end.

Verbs that can be used in both reflexive and non-reflexive forms are used mainly with a reflexive pronoun, so if it is omitted the meaning of the construction changes:

Ej l'ai fait se retourner.I made him turn around.

Je l’ ai faith retourner. I forced him