Foreign words with ь and ъ signs. Separating signs b and b (comparison). I. Organizational moment

Card 1

Paste ъ, where necessary. Select consoles. Underline the letter after ъ.

Sample: entry.

Entering the city. There is an advertisement on the wall. Presented documents. Once... I found a friend. I clarified the task. An angry beast. Crane... You...are leaving the city. The immense steppe.

Card 2

Match these words with words of the same root with the indicated prefixes. Select consoles. Underline the letters after ъ.

Sample: departure.

Riding (from-, under-, on-, once-). Ate (by-, with-, about-).

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Card 3

Write by opening the brackets and inserting the missing letters. Select consoles. Underline the letter after ъ.

My father went on a (c) trip and took me (to) stay with my grandmother. A car was driving (under) the car. We (you) were driving to the road and an hour later we were going to the city.

Card 4

Number 1 word with a separator b, and the number 2 is the word with b- an indicator of the softness of consonants.

Sick, gun, spear, I'll take, birds, letter, nightingales, trees, at night,

boy, autumn, pebbles, ants, happiness, life, blizzard, slice, finger.

Card 5

Write the phrases, changing the meaning of the words in brackets.

Sample: ( Fox ) fox Nora ,

(bird)................................... feather, (wolf)..... ................... tracks, (dog)………………………. kennel, (goat)........................ milk,

(bear)............................. paw, (hare)............ ......................hat, (squirrel)................... .............skin.

Card 6

Write the words in two columns: in the first - words with a separating soft sign, and in the second - words with a soft sign - an indicator of the softness of consonants.

Sick, gun, spear, I'll take, birds, letter, nightingales, skates, trees, at night, boy, autumn, pebbles, ants, happiness, life, blizzard, slice, finger, crow's nest.

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Card 7

Read the proverbs. Insert a hard or soft separator. Underline the vowels that come after the separators.

1. The whole family... I'm together, and my soul is in place. 2. To eat fish, you have to get into the water. 3. They meet you according to their payment, but they see you off according to your intelligence. 4. In winter, a fungus would eat, but the snow is deep. 5. The bird is red with its feathers, and the man is a scientist.....

Card 8

Z..ma announced..ina in..a dream. The pr..l..tel wind..r, s.brought menacing clouds. They did not let the sun's rays hit the ground. In..sleep she sent m..l..to the grass..warm drops of..rain. Z..ma froze them. The kidneys on the... roars... shrank. Z..ma pinched them with her pussy. Mixed rain with snow, thunder in the autumn with the south. The enraged z..ma tried to strike at the very heart in..a dream, but couldn’t see..it.

Card 9

Write the words in two columns.

Sem..ya, in..drove, bul..on, in..et, in..drive, in..south, postman, in..youn, shrank, announcement, hand.. and, Il..ya, enraged, gun..e, Dem..yan, out..yan.

Card 10

Insert suitable words with separators into the sentences ъ and ь.

1. Sasha………………... pie. 2. To the house......................... car. 3. In the spring, ............................................... flowed along the paths. 4. Ilya loves foam with.................... 5. Birds …………………. . nests on........................................ and bushes. 5. It rains often................................... in autumn.

Card 11

Write it down by inserting the missing letters.

1. (C) spruce (c) the squirrel jumped.. 2. The guests (c) ate a delicious cake. 3. The worms (under) ate the roots of the cabbage. 4. The hare sat (under) the spruce.

Card 12

Come up with and write down two or three words of different parts of speech with a separator ъ with these attachments : S-, under-, about-, times-, in-, from-.

...……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Card 13

Write it down. Fill in the missing letters.

Somehow in a saucer in......................................... ...................................................

I (on) walked st..created..e. ........................................................ ....................................

Of course, I sat down straight away.................................... ...........................................

And he quickly sat down. ........................................................ ....................................

And now..to continue..I.................................... ...............................................

This is what I wanted....................................... ...........................................

There is not a drop..ki in..ren..ya. ........................................................ .........................................

Test "Dividers"

Student................................................. .........

1. Where is the separating soft sign written in words?

a) immediately after the prefixes;

2. Where do they write the separating solid sign in words?

a) immediately after the prefixes;

b) at the root and after the root of the word.

3. What letters should the root begin with?

a) from vowels;

b) with consonants.

4. What letter should the prefix end with before -
hard dividing sign?

a) to a consonant;

b) to a vowel.

5. Before which vowels do they write a soft separator?
sign? Circle the correct letters.

6. What vowels are written before the dividing hard?
sign? Circle the correct letters.

A, e, s, e, yu, i, o, e, u, i.

soft sign.

a) life..;

b) happy;

c) no;

d) letter..mo.

7. Underline the words in which the separator is missing
a solid sign.

a) left...left

b) present

c) v..et;

d) explain..explain.

Test: “Soft separating sign”

Student

Level 1

Find and underline words with a soft separator.

Flakes, big, minx, tenants, housing, ice floe.

Read it. Underline words with a soft separator.

At night there was a blizzard. A girl sews dresses for dolls.

2 level

Read it. Insert appropriate words with a separating soft sign.

The hunter loaded.

They fell from the trees.

Drying on the line.

3 level

Correct mistakes.

Our Kozhka Murka is a great minx. Dad brought a stuffed sparrow. Murka grabbed Scarecrow. All that was left of the bird was shreds.

Test: “Separation ь and ъ”

Last name, first name...................................................

1. Choose the correct answer.
Dividingb is written:

a) after a consonant before letterse, e, i, yu, i;

b) after prefixes that end in a consonant,
before letterse, e, I.

2. Choose the correct answer.

Dividingb shows that

a) a consonant followed by a vowel
pronounced separately;

b) the consonant sound after which it comes is pronounced
soft.

3. Underline the words in which b denotes only the softness of consonant sounds.

Nightingales, feathers, day, mill, skates, coals, dust, ring.

4. Emphasize wordswith dividing soft sign.

Boy, feathers, health, tweeting, pouring, letter, family, polka, sons.

5. Arrange the words in three columns: 1 - with a soft separator; 2 - with a soft sign - an indicator of the softness of the consonant; 3- with separatingъ.

Cotton...I, s..ezd, happiness...e, in...the south, teacher...girl, little...person, s...emka.

Today in the Russian language the hard sign (Ъ) has only a dividing function.

Solid sign after Russian prefixes

Most often, a hard sign is used between a Russian prefix ending in a consonant and a root that begins with e, e, yu, i. For example, the word "announcement" consists of a Russian prefix about- and root -I'm in- which starts with I. In this case, the prefix and root should be separated by a solid sign.

A few more examples of using a separating solid sign between a prefix and a root: supernatural, cringe, anniversary etc.

Hard sign in compound words

The dividing solid sign is also used in compound words between two roots, when the first root is represented by numerals two-, three-, four-, and the second root, as in the first case, begins at e, e, yu, i. For example: two-tier, three-tier, four-tier.

Solid sign after foreign language prefixes

The third case when a dividing solid sign is used in words is when the word contains a foreign language prefix ending with a consonant letter and a root starting with e, e, yu, i. Examples: adjutant, trans-European, conjuncture and etc.

There are also cases when the separating solid sign is written inside a word ( courier, flaw).

It should be remembered that a hard sign is never written:

in compound words between word stems. For example: kids, but not children's playground.
before other vowels, except e, e, yu, ya. For example, overactive, ugly.
in words that are written with a hyphen. For example, in the word half-Europe a hard sign is not written, despite the fact that the prefix ends in a consonant and the root begins with the letter e.

Thus, the separating solid sign in Russian is used in four cases:

between a Russian prefix ending in a consonant and a root ending in e, e, yu, i;
in compound words between the first root represented by numerals two-, three-, four-, and the second root on e, e, yu, i;
between a foreign language prefix ending in a consonant and a root ending in e, e, yu, i.
in certain cases within words.

Although the letters b and b themselves do not represent any sounds, they are written in order to pronounce words correctly. Compare, for example: seed (without a soft sign) and family (with a separating soft sign). To remember when to write a soft sign and when to write a hard sign, you need to learn the following rules.

The dividing b is written inside a word (in the root or suffix, but not after the prefix) before the letters E, E, Yu, Ya, I (blizzard, weeds, fox), as well as in some borrowed (foreign) words before the letter O (broth , signor, guillotine). A soft sign usually softens the consonant sound preceding it and, in addition, forces us to pronounce an additional sound [Y].

The letter ъ is written only before e, e, yu, i in the following cases:

1. When combining a prefix ending in a consonant and a root, for example: entrance, volume, supernatural, expression of will, inter-tier.
2. In complex words after the numerals two-, three-, four-, for example: three-tiered.
3. In foreign words after foreign language prefixes ab-, ad-, dis-, in-, inter-, con-, counter-, ob-, sub-, trans- and after the initial compound particle pan-, for example: adjutant, disjunction , injection, interactional, conjuncture, counter-tier, object, subject, trans-European, pan-European.

Examples of words with the separator ъ

Arrival, approach, departure, departure, volume, pre-anniversary, express, will, manifestation, embrace, immense, furious, super natural, shooting, ruffle (hair), cower, clarified (sky), combine, ad, edible, lifting (crane).

Two-language, three-tier, four-tier.

Adjutant, injection, conjuncture, object, subject, trans-European, pan-European.

Examples of words with separator ь

Health, happiness, pours, beats, winds, curls, winds of the south, seven, another sparrow, flake, play, barrier, linen, brilliant, buryan, wind, interview , fox and, gun, I'm naughty, crawl, drink, drink, friend, serious, Tatyana, Mary, sew, sew, spill, monkey, night, leaf, tree I, bird and climbing plants, in the hive, studio, zealous (worker), (make) a speech, (own) a thing.

He’s a battle, he’s a postman, he’s a broth, he’s a pavilion, he’s a company, he’s a medal, he’s a min, he’s a champigne.

Assignment: write down 20 words each with a hard separator and a soft separator.

Filming, entry, went, entrance, announce, separation, announcement, explanation, congress, notorious, lift, scraps, embraced, cringed, pre-anniversary, explain, unwind, eaten up, furious, edible.

Lukomorye, curling, flakes, chickens, blizzard, Tatyana, monkey, serious, barrier, sparrows, linen, dress, hare, rural, trees, animals, harmony, happiness, family, girlish.

The separative ъ is written after the consonants before the letters i, yu, ё, e, which convey combinations with vowels, in the following cases.

1. After prefixes ending in a consonant. Examples:

a) in words with Russian prefixes: non-nuclear, reveal, enraged, gnawed, worn out, interlingual, fed up, go around, departure, lift, pre-anniversary, present, disperse, detachable, eat, shrink, sarcastic, supernatural, super-capacious, super-bright;

Note. Letter ъ traditionally it is also written in the word flaw, Although from- is not a prefix in it.

b) in words with prefixes of foreign origin: counter-tier, post-nuclear, post-anniversary, subunit, sub-core, superyacht, trans-European.

Words of foreign origin with initial parts are also written ab-, ad-, dis-, in-, inter-, con-, ob-, sub-, which are prefixes in the source language, but are usually not distinguished as prefixes in the Russian language. These include: abjuration, adjective, adjectivation, adjunct, adjuctage, adjutant, disjunction, injection, injected, interjection, coadjutor, conjecture, conjugates, conjugation, conjunctiva, conjunctiva, conjunctivitis, conjuncture, conjunction, object, objective, subject, subjective.

2. In complex words: a) after the initial parts two-, three-, four-, eg: two-anchor, two-capacity, three-core, four-tier; b) in words pan-European, courier.

Note. After the initial parts of compound words, a separator ъ Traditionally it is not written, for example: military specialist, state language, children, party cell, trade fair, special education, household unit, foreign language, Inyurkollegiya, Ministry of Justice.

3. The letter ъ is also written when conveying foreign proper names and words derived from them (after letters conveying paired hard consonants), for example: Kizilyurt (city in Dagestan), Toryal (village in the Mari El Republic), Guo Henyu (Chinese personal name ), Hengyang (city in China), Tazabagyab culture(archaeological), Jyväsjärvi (lake in Finland), Manyoshu (anthology of ancient Japanese poetry).

Note. In this case, the separating ъ also possible before the letter And, eg: Junichiro(Japanese name).

Goals:

solve a spelling problem: how to choose the right one from two separators?
develop the ability to compare and distinguish words with ь and ъ separating marks;
enrich students’ vocabulary, work on speech development;
foster a sense of friendship and camaraderie, a trusting relationship between students and teacher.

Equipment:

cards for independent work,
reminder table,
multimedia projector, tape recorder,

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

Hello children! Let's get ready to work, and first, smile at each other. I'm glad to see your faces, your smiles. I think today will bring us all joy and good luck.

II. Formation of the topic and goal setting.

On the board: “I am a friend, learning unites us!” (Slide 1.)

– Can you tell me the topic of the lesson? Have you come across this topic before? What do you know about the separation marks ъ and ь? What do they have in common?

D. It separates the letters of a consonant sound and a vowel sound. It is written after the consonants before the vowels e, e, yu, i and.

- Who can tell you about ъ?

D. The hard sign is written after prefixes that end in a consonant, before the letters e, e, yu, ya.

– What goals will we set for the lesson? What are we going to work on? Problematic task: how to distinguish separating ъ and ь?

D. Reinforce the rules for writing separating signs ъ and ь, be able to distinguish between signs when writing words with it.

Conclusion. The separative ъ and ь do not allow the merging of a vowel and a consonant. Kommersant sign, like a border guard, will not leave his post. B sign – kind, gentle in character, can be anywhere, but they do the same job.

III. Updating basic knowledge, realizing goals.

1 . Calligraphy

– determine the letters that we will write during the penmanship minute. They do not represent sound. What are these letters? In what words are they present? (b,b)

– determine the order of letters in this row:

oooo oooo oooo oooo

(In this row, 4 lowercase letters alternate: ъ, ь, у, о. The first letter in each next cell of a given row becomes the last).

– Write a series of letters in the specified sequence to the end of the line.

2. Analysis of words by composition (friends, study, unites.) Recording this sentence.

– Please note: there is a comma after the word friends. Who's to say why? (Appeal). They turn to you, as if they pause, so that you think.

3. Working on deformed text.

I have come up with another task for you. Formulate the task for the exercise yourself. What do you think you should do? (Slide 2.)

Choose words with the same root for the word friends. (Friend, friendly, girlfriend, foe, befriend, friendship). Name the root.

The origin of the word impossible comes from the word “lzya”, which meant possible.

– Why can’t they be friends? wolf and ram? How to choose a friend in life? Who do you consider a true friend?

Conclusion.

Who fervently believes in friendship,
Who feels the shoulder nearby,
He will never fall
He will not be lost in any trouble.

And if he suddenly stumbles,
Then a friend will help him get up.
Always a reliable friend in trouble
He will extend his hand
(S. Mikhalkov).

3. Phonetic warm-up.

Kolya scored stakes.

I sat down and cucumber ate.

I offer the 1st offer to girls, and the 2nd offer to boys.

What words do you think we should pay attention to? What is the difference? (Pronunciation, spelling, meaning). Write the underlined words in the transcription.

Sat - [s"el] - 3b., 3 stars.
Ate - [siel] - 4b., 4z.
Kolya - [Kol "a] - 4b., 4 stars.
stakes [kol "ya] – 5b, 5 stars.

How so? Well done!

4. Physical education minute. (Rhythmic exercises). Probably tired. Now I check your attention in a different form.

5. Riddle:

An animal that is closest to humans in body structure. (Monkey - Slide 3.)

Read carefully and correct any errors. Can you solve a spelling problem? Select roots and prefixes. Underline the spelling. How many errors did you get?

(Slide 4.)

The monkey is sad
Behind the bars of the cage.
Let her in
Swing on a branch.
The wolf is terribly angry
The hedgehog can't sit down
Hedgehog, although it is edible:
Inconvenient for sitting:
Sitting down, I put out the needles -
Burned the evil wolf.

(Children work on cards.)

5. Consolidation of the studied material.

Selective dictation. I dictate, and you only write ъ or ь signs in your notebooks.

Announced, skids, exit, explained, leftovers, pouring.

Answer: ъ, ь, ъ, ъ, ъ, ь.(We check by clapping.)

6.Work on phraseological units and polysemantic words. (In pictures - Slide 5.)

Understand like a pig in oranges (don't understand anything)

What word are we interested in? (Pig.) Why? You can understand words and oranges too. How do you understand the meaning of this expression?

Plant the pig. (To act badly, to cause harm.) Can real friends do this?

Multiple meaning words: brush – Slide 6. (Hands, grapes, artist). Change the word so that the b-indicator of softness is replaced by a separative one. How can I do that?

How? Brush (etc.)

Chanterelles(mushrooms, animals).

Change the word so that the spelling we are interested in appears. (Indicate affiliation.)

Whose? Foxes.

6. Solve the crossword: (Slide 7.)

Fruits or berries boiled in sugar syrup.
Blizzard.
The place where they enter.
A place on the road where the road rises up.
Pastry.
Wheat flour flatbreads fried in a frying pan.
Same as injection.
A million problems at once, my assistant will solve them for me.
He has one huge eye and a huge head.
Mother, father, children.
…..green oak, golden chain on that oak…
Houses for bees.
Inflammation of the outer membrane of the eye.
….dragonfly sang red summer.

8. Independent work (in groups).

Based on the topic of the lesson, make up assignments for other groups (insert the missing letters, highlight spellings, roots and prefixes).

Results.

– Were we able to achieve our goal?
- It seems to me that all of you “Friends of the soft and hard signs.”
– Evaluate your work in class and mark the margins in your notebook.