Interesting facts from the biography of Stalin. Interesting facts from the life of Stalin. Despite the severance of diplomatic relations, national mourning was declared in Israel on the day of Stalin's death.

One of the most famous figures of the twentieth century is Stalin, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of modern Russia. Interesting Facts from the life of Stalin will help you learn more about this extraordinary and strong-willed personality. They will show people how one seemingly ordinary person managed to keep the whole world in fear, and also make Russia one of the most powerful world states. Next, let's take a closer look at interesting facts about Stalin.

1. On December 21, 1879, Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili was born into the family of an ordinary shoemaker in Gori.

2. Stalin received his first education at the Gori Orthodox Seminary.

3. In 1896, Joseph heads the illegal Marxist society at the seminary.

4. Stalin was expelled from the seminary in 1899 for his extremist activities.

5. After seminary, Dzhugashvili earns his living as a teacher and assistant at the observatory.

6. Stalin's first wife was Ekaterina Svanidze. In 1907, son Yakov was born.

7. In 1908, Dzhugashvili was sent to prison.

8. In 1912, Joseph became editor of the newspaper Pravda.

9. In 1919, Stalin was appointed head of state control.

10. In 1921, Dzhugashvili’s second son, Vasily, was born.

11. Since 1922, power passes into the hands of Stalin (he becomes Secretary General Central Committee of the CPSU). Joseph Vissarionovich begins to implement serious government reforms.

12. In 1945 he was awarded the title of Generalissimo Soviet Union.

13. Stalin turned the Soviet Union into a nuclear state with the active development of industrial, scientific and military sectors.

14. During Stalin's reign, there was famine and repression against the common people.

15. The wounded army dog ​​Dzhulbars was carried on Stalin’s jacket during the Victory celebrations in 1945.

16. A copy of the film “Volga, Volga” was presented to Roosevelt by Stalin.

17. “Motherland” is the first name of the legendary Pobeda car.

18. Stalin's first teacher taught him a cruel look.

20. Wines “Tsinandali” and “Teliani” were the leader’s favorite drinks.

21. Stalin planned to create parks in all cities of the Soviet Union.

22. Stalin was actively engaged in self-education, so he read books on various topics.

24. The leader made invaluable discoveries in economics, and also became a Doctor of Philosophy.

25. After the death of the leader, his personal archive was completely destroyed.

26. Stalin planned his life several decades in advance and always achieved his goals.

27. In a short period of time, the leader managed to lead the country out of the economic crisis and make it one of the most powerful in the world.

28. With the help of Stalin, amateur sports actively developed, especially in enterprises.

29. Stalin was drunk only twice: at Zhdanov’s funeral and Shtemenko’s anniversary.

30. Playing and reading areas were necessarily created in every park.

31. Stalin was planning to resign three times.

32. In the circle of Bolsheviks, the leader had impeccable authority.

33. Friendly relations with this country were terminated through a grenade explosion on the border with Israel.

34. National mourning was declared in Israel after the death of the leader.

35. In 1927, Stalin prohibited party workers from having country houses with more than four rooms.

36. The leader treated the staff well.

37. Stalin was a thrifty person, so he wore out all his clothes to the end.

38. The sons of the leader were sent to the front during the war.

39. Stalin managed to abolish the Politburo as a functioning government body.

40. “Personnel decide everything” is a popular phrase of the leader.

41. Stalin had a favorite clothes hanger, which he did not allow anyone to use.

42. The leader always had a loaded pistol with him.

43. Even when going on vacation, Stalin always took his favorite slippers.

44. In the shower, a special bench was made for the leader, on which he washed.

45. Stalin used folk methods to treat radiculitis.

46. ​​The leader was very fond of music; his collection included more than three thousand records.

47. Stalin discovered the law of the irresistibility of the new in philosophy.

48. In the 20s, the leader showed interest in a young singer from the Bolshoi Theater.

49. Stalin organized the robbery of Transcaucasian banks in 1906.

50. Joseph was arrested eight times and escaped from prison four times.

51. The leader did not like love scenes in films.

52. Stalin loved Russian folk songs, which he often sang at the table.

53. The leader had a huge library both in his apartment and in his country house.

54. Stalin hated atheistic literature.

55. The leader knew several languages ​​perfectly, including French and English.

56. Stalin was extremely literate and wrote letters without errors.

57. Joseph was unfit for military service due to a hand disease.

58. Stalin did not like vodka, and drank cognac very rarely.

59. The leader had a good sense of humor and often liked to joke.

60. Stalin was offered the rank of general twelve times, which he refused.

61. In 1949, in the newspapers one could find a list of gifts that were presented to the leader on his seventieth birthday.

62. The Times magazine twice recognized Stalin as its Person of the Year.

63. The leader was an honorary citizen of Budapest until 2004.

64. More than thirty streets that still exist in Russia are named after Stalin.

65. Joseph was born with fused toes on his left foot.

66. As a child, a boy was hit by a car, which resulted in serious hand problems.

67. The leader was nominated twice for the Nobel Prize.

68. As a child, I dreamed of becoming a priest.

69. Joseph Vissarionovich suffered from cerebral atherosclerosis.

70. The eldest son Yakov died in German captivity.

71. Stalin was very fond of smoking and did not miss a single opportunity to smoke a pipe.

72. As a child, Joseph suffered from smallpox, which left scars on his face.

73. The leader loved to watch American-made westerns.

74. Maria Yudina was one of Stalin’s favorite musicians.

75. By the age of eight, Joseph did not know Russian.

77. The leader quite often invited the servants to the table.

78. In 1934, Stalin returned new year holidays to the people.

79. The leader's first woman died of typhus in 1907.

80. Nadezhda Alliluyeva became Stalin’s second wife in 1918.

81. In addition to three natural children, the leader also had two illegitimate sons.

82. All the leader’s clothes had secret pockets.

83. Food was brought home to Stalin from the Kremlin canteen.

84. The leader came to work late, but worked until the night.

85. In 1933, the leader's second woman committed suicide.

86. Stalin loved to relax in Gagra or Sochi.

87. In his own garden, the leader grew tangerines and oranges.

88. A large number of eucalyptus trees were planted in Sochi by order of the leader.

89. In 1935, an attempt was made on Stalin's life.

90. Stalin liked to sleep for a long time, so he didn’t get up before nine in the morning.

91. The leader's family lived modestly. Minimal amount personnel and security.

92. Stalin took a two-month vacation every year.

93. The leader’s second wife was eighteen years younger than him.

95. Under Stalin, discussions were allowed freely on important topics in society.

96. There is a theory that the leader was poisoned.

98. Stroke is the official cause of Stalin’s death.

99. Stalin's body was mummified and placed in a mausoleum next to Lenin.

100. The leader’s body was reburied near the Kremlin wall in 1961.

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Joseph Stalin is an extremely controversial personality. There were so many contradictory moments in his life that it would be very unwise to interpret it from only one side. However, we will not try to do this.

The purpose of this article is to tell you different stories witnessed by contemporaries or even eyewitnesses of those events. Some of them have documentary evidence, others were simply retold orally.

The lives of great people are so often surrounded by legends, fictitious stories and outright anecdotes that it is almost impossible to find out the veracity of this or that statement.

However, we want to tell you interesting facts from the life of Stalin. We hope that this will allow you to imagine a little more clearly how the USSR lived during the time of Joseph Dzhugashvili.

Stalin and Zasyadko

Once, the director of one of the mines named Zasyadko was proposed for the post of Minister of the Coal Industry. However, opponents of this candidacy argued that he abused alcohol and was therefore unsuitable for such a responsible position.

Stalin invited Zasyadko for a personal conversation.

Shall we have a drink? - he asked when the mine director came to see him.

With pleasure, Comrade Stalin. For your health! - Zasyadko rapped, and poured a full glass of vodka and tossed it into himself.

After some time, the leader suggested “a second one.” Without ever being embarrassed, Zasyadko was again poured a full glass of vodka and drank to the bottom.

Looking carefully at his interlocutor, the Secretary General offered a drink for the third time. This time the miner politely pushed his glass away and said:

Perhaps not, Zasyadko knows when to stop.

After this conversation, when the question of filling a vacant position was raised at the meeting, and accusations were again made against the candidate who abused alcohol, Joseph Vissarionovich said:

Zasyadko knows his limits.

Since then, for many years this man headed coal industry THE USSR.

He fooled everyone

In the life of Stalin, however, like other rulers, the issue of longevity was a serious issue. Academician A.A. Bogomolets, who was seriously engaged in studying this topic, promised to do a lot for science. Moreover, he rightfully stated that the average human life expectancy is no less than 120 years.

In a word, hoping for the discoveries of an outstanding scientist, at the instigation of the leader, the academician was allocated an entire institute for this work. However, Bogomolets took it and died at the age of 65.

He fooled everyone! - Stalin exclaimed when he learned of the death of the inventor of longevity.

Flood

After the victory of the Second World War, Comrade Stalin and Churchill discussed what to do with the German fleet. Joseph Vissarionovich proposed dividing it between states, but the Englishman insisted on flooding it.

“So you’ll flood your half,” Stalin snapped.

Twice

It is known that Stalin was very fond of jokes in his life. Moreover, his witty jokes were not a figment of the imagination of the masses, but an actual reality, which even his sworn enemies recognized.

In short, in the 1930s there was a serious question of increasing grain supplies. The head of one of the regions decided to make a joke:

Comrade Stalin, you know, as the French say, that even the most beautiful woman cannot give more than what she has.

But she can give twice, the leader answered.

As it is

They say that when Stalin arrived at the Art Theater and first met the great director Stanislavsky, he approached the leader and embarrassedly gave his real name:

Alekseev.

Dzhugashvili - Stalin answered, shaking his hand.

Let's rent

When Glinka’s opera “Ivan Susanin” was ready, the commission, headed by Chairman Bolshakov, carefully analyzed this production. In conclusion, they came to the conclusion that it was necessary to film the ending, where the phrase “Hail, Russian people” is heard, they say, it smacks of patriarchalism.

Upon learning of this, Stalin said:

That's right, we'll film it, just not the finale, but Bolshakova, but we'll leave the ending.

At the bus stop

In general, there were many films in Stalin’s life. After all, at that time it was a real curiosity, accessible almost only to the country's top officials. In 1939, a screening of the film “The Train Goes East” took place. I must say that he was terribly boring. And in the story, the train stops.

What station is this? - Stalin asks the high-ranking persons sitting nearby.

Nikitovka - they answer.

“I guess this is where I’ll come out,” said the leader and, rising from his chair, he left the hall.

Lots of light

After watching one patriotic film, Stalin came out, uttering a single phrase: “Too much light.”

Workers approached Beria, trying to find out what the Generalissimo meant.

There are no two suns, explained Lavrenty Palych, hinting that there are too many of both leaders in the plot: Lenin and Stalin.

Of course, Lenin’s participation was cut short. Although, most likely, Joseph Vissarionovich meant that the film was too rose-colored and divorced from reality.

How much is Motherland?

When the legendary Soviet car was developed, the commission unanimously decided to name it “Motherland”. Having learned about this, Stalin asked: “Well, how much will we have a Motherland?” The car was immediately renamed the famous “Victory”.

Colonel

It is reliably known that Stalin in his life did not tolerate pettiness associated with external aspects of life. It is no coincidence that he wore the same jacket for many years. In this he was similar to Emperor Vespasian, about whom we have already written.

And then one day the Colonel General reported to the Commander-in-Chief about the state of affairs. When he finished, Stalin asked:

Is there anything else you wanted to say?

Getting a little nervous, the general quickly began to speak:

Yes, Comrade Stalin. Here in Germany I selected several things that interested me, but they were detained at the checkpoint. Order them to be returned to me.

Write a report - the leader said, turning gloomy - I will impose a resolution.

Comrade Stalin, there is a typo here. The fact is that I am not a colonel, but a colonel general.

“Everything is written there correctly, Comrade Colonel,” Stalin said dryly.

No others

Polikarpov, who oversaw the activities of Soviet writers, complained that his subordinates led a chaotic lifestyle, drank a lot and generally lived immorally.

Upon learning of this, Stalin said:

I don’t have any other writers for Comrade Polikarpov, but we will find another Polikarpov for writers.

In general, they say that in life Stalin did not like whining, and not in any form.

I don't dare

They say that Irakli Andronikov, who cleverly parodied many party leaders, found himself in an ambiguous situation when meeting with Stalin. The leader asked to portray himself.

You? I don't dare! - Andronikov said with a characteristic accent, making a gesture with an imaginary pipe.

Hearing

In 1936, a rumor spread in the capitalist West that Stalin had died from a serious illness. Famous journalist Charles Nitter personally came to the Kremlin in order to verify the accuracy of this information.

He asked to either confirm or deny the rumor. Stalin did not often have to answer such a request in his life. Therefore, the answer followed immediately, and in writing.

We present it below.

"Your Majesty! As far as I know, from reports in the foreign press, I have long since left this sinful world and moved to the next world. Since the reports of the foreign press cannot be ignored, if you do not want to be erased from the list of civilized people, then I ask you to believe these reports and not disturb my peace in the silence of the other world.
October 26, 1936. With respect, I. Stalin.”

Writes

When S. Zlobin wrote the novel “Stepan Razin”, he was not nominated for the Stalin Prize. The Secretary General asked Fadeev why he did not initiate this candidacy.

“Comrade Stalin,” he reported, “Zlobin is nowhere to be seen at events, and he does not lead a public life at all.

Maybe he is writing at this time? - asked Joseph Vissarionovich.

You know better

This story from Stalin's life is known in several versions. We offer a generally accepted option.

When the poet Mandelstam was arrested and exiled, a call was made to Pasternak’s apartment. The voice said that Comrade Stalin would now speak to the writer.

Is this Comrade Pasternak? - the question was asked with a characteristic accent.

Yes, Comrade Stalin - Boris Leonidovich said, turning cold.

What is your opinion about Mandelstam? What should we do with it?

“You know better, Comrade Stalin,” Pasternak answered, trying to control himself.

“At one time, we knew better how to protect our friends,” said Joseph Vissarionovich and hung up.

After Osip Mandelstam died in the camps, Pasternak blamed himself for this until the end of his life.

He knows better

When the composer Golubev, Zhdanov’s favorite, was nominated for the Stalin Prize, no one doubted the results of this venture.

However, when these papers were brought to Stalin for signature, he noticed a strange feature.

Golubev... all “For”, one “Against”. And who is this one? - the leader asked.

Composer Shostakovich.

Well, he knows better, he understands music better than us, said Stalin, who knew Shostakovich very well, and crossed Golubev off the list of candidates.

It's not his fault

Emperor Alexander III, on a business trip around the country, was seduced by a provincial beauty. Having slept with her, he asked to be informed if she suddenly gave birth to a child.

After a while he was actually informed that the lady had a son. The Emperor conveyed the order: “Name the youth Sergei, give his patronymic after his father, and give his last name after his nickname.”

It should be recalled here that Alexandra III He was nicknamed the peacemaker because during his reign the country did not wage a single war.

In a word, the illegitimate baby was named Sergei Aleksandrovich Mirotvortsev.

But what does Stalin have to do with it? And the whole point is that in the 30s, this interesting fact about the origin of Mirotvortsev became known to the authorities. Stalin was immediately denounced in writing.

The leader left a note on this note: “It’s not his fault that his father was such a whore.”

Surprisingly, S.A. In his life, Mirotvortsev not only became a professor, but also earned the Stalin Prize.

Budyonny, your mother!

The most amusing incident happened in the life of Stalin in the 30s. Back then they weren’t very zealous about protecting senior officials. In a word, Joseph Vissarionovich was traveling by train to the Caucasus to rest. His closest associates were with him.

It all happened at the Rostov-on-Don station. After the train stopped, Comrade Voroshilov was the first to leave the carriage. Seeing the People's Commissar of Defense, the people standing at the station gasped:

Voroshilov!

Then the head of government appeared. The audience became even more excited:

However, when Comrade Stalin himself appeared on the platform, people experienced real shock, mixed with extreme delight, and, lining up in a row, began to vigorously applaud the leader.

And indeed, no one expected to see the entire top government so easily, and in such a free atmosphere.

When the applause died down, Budyonny, who had been hesitating somewhere, suddenly appeared from the vestibule. Seeing him in the crowd, someone exclaimed:

The people burst into uncontrollable laughter. Comrade Stalin himself laughed. From then on, every time we met at any meeting, as soon as we saw Budyonny, Joseph Vissarionovich jokingly said:

And Budyonny is here, damn it!

We'll be jealous

Someone was collecting incriminating evidence against the Honored General of the Army Chernyakhovsky (according to other information Rokossovsky). When a sufficient amount of material had accumulated, it was provided to Stalin. The denunciations included accusations mainly that the general had too many women.

What are we going to do, Comrade Stalin? - Vasilevsky asked the Generalissimo.

What to do, what to do - said Stalin. - We'll be jealous!

By the way, this phrase has become a catchphrase since Soviet times.

Scared

Another interesting episode from the life of Stalin. Once a graduate of the theological seminary in Tiflis came to Moscow, who studied with Joseph Dzhugashvili. Having received an invitation to his former classmate and the current Secretary General, he asked how best to dress for a meeting with the leader: in church clothes or in civilian clothes.

He was told that it was better to go in ordinary clothes.

When Comrade Stalin saw the former seminarian, he greeted him warmly. Having greeted him, he touched him by the clothes and said:

You're not afraid of God, but you're afraid of me?

Vice versa

And this seems to be a real joke, although some argue that this is a real story from the life of Stalin. Long story short, one day the leader was talking to the meteorologists who were making weather forecasts.

What is the accuracy percentage of your forecasts? - asked Joseph Vissarionovich.

Forty percent - the scientists answered smartly.

But you say the opposite, and then the accuracy will be 60%, the head of the USSR advised.

"Spire"

There were periods in Stalin's life when he worked for a long time at his dacha without going anywhere. At one of these moments, those close to him decided to help him unwind by offering to take him for a ride around Moscow at night.

The escort was strictly ordered to listen carefully and remember everything the leader said along the way.

When we returned from a walk, the boss immediately began asking where and what exactly the Secretary General said.

“Yes, he was silent the whole way,” says the attendant.

What, you didn’t say a word at all?

When we drove past Smolenskaya Square, he seemed to utter one word - “Spire”.

Spire? What does it mean?

I don’t know, that’s all I said.

And at this time a new high-rise building was being built on Smolenskaya Square. The next day, the official gathered the builders and ordered:

The top of the building should not be decorated with anything. There must be a strict spire.

Burn

Here is a letter from J.V. Stalin to Detizdat of the Komsomol Central Committee dated February 16, 1938 regarding the book “Stories about Stalin’s Childhood” being prepared by the publishing house.

We quote it verbatim.

I am strongly against the publication of “Stories about Stalin’s Childhood.” The book is replete with a mass of factual surfaces, distortions, exaggerations, and undeserved praise. The author was misled by hunters of fairy tales, liars (maybe “conscientious” liars), sycophants.

Sorry for the author, but the fact remains a fact. But that's not the main thing. The main thing is that the book tends to instill in the consciousness of Soviet children (and people in general) the cult of personality of leaders, infallible heroes. This is dangerous, harmful. The theory of “heroes” and “crowd” is not a Bolshevik, but a Socialist Revolutionary theory.

“Heroes make the people, transform them from the crowd into the people,” say the Social Revolutionaries.

“The people make heroes,” the Bolsheviks answer the Socialist Revolutionaries.

Any such book will harm our common Bolshevik cause.

I advise you to burn the book.

I. Stalin

Wind of history

V. M. Molotov and A. E. Golovanov say that in 1943 Stalin said:

I know that after my death there will be heaps of rubbish on my grave, but the winds of history will mercilessly scatter it.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich is a historical figure, complex and very ambiguous. His reign resulted in terrible terror, losses, concentration camps, and unprecedented growth in the economic, social, spiritual, scientific and other spheres for the country. It is very difficult to assess this personality and his activities in modern Russia.

Despite the fact that the centenary of Stalin’s rise to power is just around the corner, a discussion on this topic is completely impossible in society today. If you admire the results that the country has achieved under this ruler, they will call you a jingoist, a Muscovite, a Stalinist, or some other label. If you begin to sprinkle ashes on your head and be horrified by the terror in which people died, you will be known as a liberal or some other incomprehensible person.

I think this kind of assessment is the result of the immaturity of our society, the inability to discuss truly complex topics. After all, if you, for example, admire Napoleon in France (whose ashes, by the way, are still kept in the Louvre), or scold him for what he essentially started world war- well, they will discuss with you, no one will rush to extremes. Maybe this will happen with us in 2127? What do you think - write in the comments! And in this article we will briefly and clearly try to trace life path one of the most extraordinary rulers in Russian history.

And one more thing. This article does not intend to offend or offend anyone. We are not calling for anything. If you are particularly sensitive to this topic, then DO NOT read any further in this article. The article is purely educational in nature.

Biography and the beginning of the journey

The future politician was born in 1878 (according to official version December 21, 1879) in the city of Gori, Tiflis province, Russian Empire. Once he said: “I am Russian, of Georgian origin.” So it's real name- Dzhugashvili. Translated, it means “son of the herd” - his great-grandfather lived in the mountains.

There is an opinion that “juga” among the Ossetian people means “iron”. Perhaps in connection with this, Stalin took such a pseudonym. The surviving photos show how tall he was. Joseph was short, but his eyes were serious. Accordingly, Joseph (Soso) grew up in a Georgian family. His parents are Beso and Keke in 1874. Father Vissarion (Beso) was a shoemaker by occupation. He had his own workshop. In character he was a cruel man who raised his hand against his wife and son.

The family did not have a permanent place of residence: the father began to drink, abandoned the family, and eventually died drunk in a fight.

The house where Dzhugashvili was born

Mother Ekaterina (Keke) was a charwoman (a person without education who did menial work, sorting through crops and garbage). The mother was a workaholic, ready to do anything for her child, the only survivor (Ekaterina lost her first two sons when they were still babies).When the son grew up a little, his mother and father began to argue about his future fate. Beso argued that Soso should continue his work and become a shoemaker, moreover, he was sure of it.

Keke was more inclined towards a spiritual profession; the mother realized that her son was not capable of physical labor (Joseph fell and seriously injured his left hand for the rest of his life). In 1886, there were attempts to enter the Gori Orthodox Theological School, but since there was not enough knowledge, or rather, fluency in the Russian language, the attempts were in vain.

Joseph studied with a priest for two years. And in 1888, as his mother wished, he became a ward of the school, which he graduated from in 1894. Joseph was a seriously capable student, had success in almost all subjects, and it was there that he became acquainted with Marxism (“Capital”). Due to the fact that in 1892 his father finally abandoned the family, Soso was awarded a scholarship, but he still needed to pay for his studies.

My mother found additional income by starting to sew to order. Joseph began to read a lot, became interested in poetry and even began to write poems in his own language. native language(one called "Morning" was published in the newspaper). The following is noteworthy: he was so impressed by the thoughts of Engels and Marx that Joseph became a member of underground circles. And a little later he was engaged in promoting this doctrine, for which he was expelled, given a certificate of completion of only four classes (six was considered a complete education).

It indicated that Joseph could be a teacher, so Dzhugashvili was engaged in tutoring for some time. Since 1899, Dzhugashvili continued his studies at the Tiflis Physical Observatory. His first speech was in 1900 at an illegal meeting of revolutionary-minded workers (May Day), which attracted about five hundred people. In 1901, he already became an underground revolutionary (all, of course, illegally).

Burn. Stalin Museum

In the same year, the newspaper “Nina”, under the leadership of Lado Ketskhoveli, published “Brdzola” (“Struggle”) in Baku. The article is the first known work of Dzhugashvili, who was 22 years old at that time. In general, Joseph had many pseudonyms and nicknames. One of them (party) is Koba. Young Stalin really liked the hero of Alexander Kazbegi’s patriotic story “The Patricide” Koba for his reliability and perseverance. This is one of his favorite works.

In 1903, the RSDLP party was divided into Mensheviks and Bolsheviks. Joseph joins the latter. They tend to take more radical and illegal measures. In 1905, I was able to meet the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Ilyich Lenin for the first time. In 1906 he married Ekaterina Svanidze. In 1907, a son, Yakov, was born, but his wife died of typhus at the end of that year. Next leads the active political life, travels abroad, even ends up in exile for six months in the city of Solvychegodsk.

In 1912, Dzhugashvili took the pseudonym “Stalin”. He again ends up in exile in Narym, but a month later he manages to escape to Switzerland, where he meets Lenin. From 1912 to 1913 he was editor-in-chief of the Bolshevik newspaper Pravda. From 1913 to 1917 he was arrested (Turukhansky region, then the city of Achinsk).

In young age

By 1922, due to illness, Lenin could no longer govern the country. Such revolutionaries as Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev and Lev Borisovich Kamenev acted against Trotsky, together with Joseph Vissarionovich. Stalin came to power in a “pure” society, one might say, “from scratch.” There was no established system, no classes, people did not know what awaited them. During these years, Koba continued his activities simply as People's Commissar for Nationalities.

The troika began to fall apart, Koba put forward the idea of ​​“personnel decide” and took it seriously. Dzhugashvili used his influence and appointed “his” people to posts. Meanwhile, in 1926, his daughter Svetlana was born. Then he begins to write a series of political works and doctrines, in other words, he consolidated his knowledge theoretically. Thus, he was in power for 30 years (1924-1953).

Events that took place during his reign

• 1922 . Obviously, Lenin was the founder and first leader, but Stalin was the successor. After the illness and death of Vladimir Ilyich, there was no longer any talk of democracy. All power was concentrated in one hand. Brutal dictatorship and totalitarianism are the main modes of government.
• 1924 Approval of the Constitution of the USSR. In the same year, due to the fact that money was depreciating in the country, there was inflation. A “chervonets” appeared. Concerning international relations— Diplomatic relations are being built with countries such as Great Britain and Italy.
• 1924 - 1925 Military reform was carried out. At its end, the Law “On Compulsory Military Service” was adopted. Which stated that all workers between the ages of 19 and 40 should be drafted into the army for two years.
• 1927 Mass collectivization. The transition from private farms to collective farms. The goal is to create an effective Agriculture, by reducing the amount of labor, that is, intermediaries. During this course, people starved, but the Government tried to do everything to ensure that there was a harvest. At that time there was such a class as “kulaks,” that is, wealthy peasants. During the process of collectivization, they were destroyed as an estate - this stage was called “dekulakization.” Collectivization was completed in the 1950s. Its consequences were in fact disastrous: more than six million people died of hunger, thousands of peasants were in exile. Someone even called this program direct genocide of the Soviet people. Formed.

• 1930s. Industrialization. Introduction of powerful industry and technology into the state economy. One of the goals was also independence from Western countries. A feature of industrialization is a rapid course in a short time. The program was interrupted by the outbreak of war.
• 1930 In order for people to become more literate and there are no uneducated citizens left at all, the Government Resolution “On Free Compulsory Primary Education” is approved.
• 1932 Conclusion of a non-aggression treaty with Finland.
• 1935 A law that established punishment - the death penalty - for escaping outside the USSR.
• 1939 A non-aggression pact was signed with Germany. And in the same year - the beginning of the Second World War. The Soviet-Finnish war, more about which.
• 1941 The beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

• 1945 Victory Day. About who actually won this war.

The role of the leader of peoples in the Great Patriotic War

Despite the signing, Nazi Germany entered the territory of the Soviet Union along with its allies. They were counting on lightning war according to the Blitzkrieg plan. And the terrible event dragged on for four long years... The USSR was not prepared either industrially or morally. Stalin at that time was the leader and supreme commander in chief. He took full responsibility for the people, the country, for the future... They believed in him, they hoped for him, it was not for nothing that there was a so-called “cult of personality.”

Personal life and children of the leader

We said above that Joseph was married twice. He was 29 years old, Catherine, his first wife, was 21 years old. They did not stay together for long - Dzhugashvili became a widower. But the son Yakov was born. Throughout his life, his father treated him with great cruelty and exactingness, although his second wife, Nadezhda, loved Yakov with all her heart. During the war, the boy went to the front. And then he was captured by the Germans for two years. The Nazis offered to exchange their son, but Stalin did not agree.

As a result, in 1943, Yakov was shot. His second wife, Nadezhda, was twenty-two years younger than him. Once they had a fight and Nadezhda committed suicide. At the same time, they left two children - Vasily and Svetlana. The son was also at the front - a pilot, but after the death of his father, a dark streak began in life. Spent eight years in prison.

Svetlana was married many times. The daughter of the leader of the peoples died in 2011, at the age of 85. In addition, Stalin had an adopted son, Artem, his real father, a friend of Joseph Vissarionovich, died, and he was only three months old. Interestingly, there are rumors about the illegitimate children of the “father of nations.” Sons - Konstantin and Alexander. Thus, the leader was rich in grandchildren.

• Despite the fact that Dzhugashvili studied with priests, he was later an atheist.
• Koba read a lot - 400 pages daily.
• Dzhugashvili led a healthy lifestyle and was never drunk.
• He always had a loaded pistol with him. Tula craftsmen, by the way, made a personalized one for the leader of the peoples.
• Joseph made discoveries in philosophy and later became a Doctor of Philosophy.
• I really loved listening to music.
• Obviously he was partial to the weaker sex.
• He spoke several languages ​​perfectly.
• There are no such people and it is unlikely that there will be any soon.
• Everyone knows that Koba smoked a lot.

A curtain

The causes of death of the leader of the peoples are very prosaic - stroke. But the circumstances of death are very interesting. We will definitely look at them in one of the following articles. Stalin died on March 5, 1953. The official cause is a diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage. The dates of birth and death known to us (1878 - 1953) indicate that he was 74 years old. He was buried on Red Square in Moscow (necropolis near the wall).

In order to consolidate your knowledge, you can watch any documentary film dedicated to Joseph Stalin. Feature films were also made.

Jokes about the leader of nations

Here I will retell the jokes that I know myself.

So, the 30s. Creative evening of filmmakers and actors. The leader of the peoples approaches the then legendary actress Lyubov Orlova and asks: “Lyuba, doesn’t your husband offend you sometimes?” And her husband, Grigory Alexandrov, was also at this evening and inadvertently overheard the conversation. To Stalin’s question, Orlova flirtatiously replied: “It offends me a little...”. “Lyuba,” the leader answered her, “tell him that if he continues to offend you, we will hang him!” "For what?" - asked Lyubov Orlova. “What for, for your head, of course!”

The Great One Is Coming Patriotic War. Zhukov comes out of the door of the room where the Headquarters of the High Command meets and angrily says to himself: “Wow...! Mustachioed bastard! Molotov heard this and asked Zhukov: “Georgy Valentinovich, who do you mean?” “Like who, Hitler, of course!” - Zhukov was found. Next Stalin comes out of the door and now you ask Molotov: “And you, Comrade Molotov, who did you have in mind?”

Great Patriotic War, November 1941. The enemy is already on the approaches to Moscow. There is an alarming sound in the Kremlin. phone call. The leader of the peoples picks up the phone: “Hello.” “Comrade Stalin, this is a colonel... I hasten to inform you that the enemy is breaking through the defenses, you need to urgently evacuate from Moscow to Kuibyshev...” “Comrade... tell me, do you still have any living comrades there?” - Stalin asked calmly? “Yes, Comrade Stalin!” “So tell your comrades, let them take shovels and dig their own graves: I am staying in Moscow and Headquarters is also staying in Moscow!”

Somehow, during the Great Patriotic War, the USSR decided to test a project for a new ready-made weapon - an analogue of the German Faust cartridge (simply a grenade launcher). And now the entire political elite of the country is present at the final test, along with the leader of the people. The shot was fired, and the cartridge flew straight towards the observers, straight towards Stalin. The engineers closed their eyes and prepared for the fact that they would all be shot on the spot. Everyone present, except the leader, lay down on the ground, covering their heads with their hands. The cartridge flew past. And the leader of the peoples said: “Let's try again.”

Today we will tell you about the most cruel ruler of the last century. Stalin became the most brutal ruler in the USSR in the 1930s. He had more powerful political power than anyone else in history. Even Hitler, with his ambitious plans, could not defeat the country ruled by Stalin.

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin

Russian and Georgian revolutionary, Soviet political, state, military and party leader, generalissimo. From the late 1920s and early 1930s until his death in 1953, Stalin was the leader of the Soviet state.

The most interesting facts

Joseph Dzhugashvili was born into a Georgian family in the city of Gori, Tiflis province.

In 1886, Ekaterina Georgievna wanted to enroll Joseph to study at the Gori Orthodox Theological School, however, since he did not know the Russian language at all, he was unable to enroll. In 1886-1888, at the request of his mother, the children of the priest Christopher Charkviani began teaching Joseph Russian. As a result, in 1888, Soso did not enter the first preparatory class at the school, but immediately entered the second preparatory class, and in September of the following year he entered the first class of the school, which he graduated in June 1894.

In September 1894, Joseph passed the entrance exams and was enrolled in the Orthodox Tiflis Theological Seminary. There he first became acquainted with Marxism and by the beginning of 1895 he came into contact with underground groups of revolutionary Marxists expelled by the government to Transcaucasia.

In 1898, Dzhugashvili gained experience as a propagandist at a meeting with workers at the apartment of the revolutionary Vano Sturua and soon began to lead a workers’ circle of young railway workers.

Stalin had physical defects: the second and third toes on his left foot were fused, his face was pockmarked. In 1885, Joseph was hit by a phaeton, the boy received severe injuries to his arm and leg; after that, throughout his life, his left arm did not fully extend at the elbow and therefore seemed shorter than his right.

On March 21, 1901, the police searched the physical observatory where Dzhugashvili lived and worked. He himself, however, avoided arrest and went underground, becoming an underground revolutionary.

Stalin's first wife was Ekaterina Svanidze. In 1907, son Yakov was born.

In 1908, Dzhugashvili was sent to prison.

According to a number of historians, Stalin was involved in the so-called. “Tiflis expropriation” in the summer of 1907 (stolen (expropriated) money was intended for the needs of the party.

Due to a childhood hand injury, he was declared unfit for military service in 1916.

In 1904, he organized a grandiose strike of oil field workers in Baku, which ended with the conclusion of a collective agreement between the strikers and industrialists.

In 1912, Joseph became editor of the newspaper Pravda.

In 1921, a second son, Vasily, was born in Dzhugashvili.

Stalin was planning to resign three times.

The Times magazine twice recognized Stalin as its Person of the Year.

Stalin's usual rate of reading literature was about 300 pages a day. He constantly educated himself. For example, while undergoing treatment in the Caucasus, in 1931, in a letter to Nadezhda Aliluyeva, having forgotten to inform about his health, he asks to send him textbooks on electrical engineering and ferrous metallurgy.

Stalin was offered the rank of general twelve times, which he refused.

On the day of Stalin's death, national mourning was declared in Israel.

According to the currently existing criteria, Stalin, according to what has been achieved scientific results was a Doctor of Philosophy back in 1920. His achievements in economics are even more brilliant and have not yet been surpassed by anyone.

The leader's sons were sent to the front during the war.

He hated sex scenes in movies - it drove him crazy.

Stalin preferred only Tsinandali and Teliani wines. It happened that I drank cognac, but was simply not interested in vodka. From 1930 to 1953, the guards saw him “in zero gravity” only twice: at S.M.’s birthday. Shtemenko and at the funeral of A.A. Zhdanov.

Stalin served his sentence six times. He received only one term for political reasons. All the rest were imprisoned for robbery.

9

In 1941, the Germans captured Stalin's eldest son Yakov. They firmly believed that they would be able to exchange the son of the leader of the USSR for the German Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus. Stalin refused to negotiate with them. In 1943, Jacob died under mysterious circumstances at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in Northeast Germany. Most historians believe he was killed because his father refused to negotiate. Later, Stalin confessed to his daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva: “The Germans offered me to exchange Yasha for one of their own. I refused. Will I bargain with them? In war it’s like in war!”

8

This saying is usually attributed to Stalin. However, no one has found where or when he said this. Moreover, it is very similar to the phrase from the novel “Black Obelisk”, written by Remarque in 1956: “the death of one person is death, and the death of two million is just statistics.” Most likely, this is a deliberate lie, started after Stalin’s death with the aim of discrediting him and based on the principle “well, everyone knows...”

7

When developing the Pobeda car, it was planned that the name of the car would be “Motherland”. Having learned about this, Stalin ironically asked: “Well, how much will we have a Motherland?” The name of the car was immediately changed.

6

Not the least role in the creation of the state of Israel was played by Stalin’s support at the vote on a resolution at the UN, which is why national mourning was declared in this country after the death of the leader.

5 Unfit for military service

As a child, Stalin suffered a severe hand injury; his left limb did not fully extend at the elbow and outwardly appeared shorter. Because of this, he was considered unsuitable for military service in 1916.

4 Respect for the dog’s work

Julbars is the name of a dog who served as a sapper on the fronts of World War II. In the spring of 1945, the dog was injured and was unable to take part in the Victory Parade on Red Square. Stalin ordered the dog to be carried across the square on his overcoat.

3

2 What he didn't like

He couldn't stand erotic and sexual scenes in movies, it made him angry! Joseph did not allow anyone to use his things and objects. Even if there were many guests in the house, it was impossible to hang other clothes on its nickel-plated hanger. Despite the fact that he was an atheist, he did not like literature with atheistic content. His studies at the theological seminary probably had an effect. Stalin did not like the smells coming from the kitchen. Therefore, during the construction and planning of his dachas, the kitchen was greatly removed.

1 Half the fleet

After the victory of the Second World War, Comrade Stalin and Churchill discussed what to do with the German fleet. Joseph Vissarionovich proposed dividing it between states, but the Englishman insisted on flooding it. “So you’ll flood your half,” Stalin snapped.