Famous natives of Mstislavl, Mogilev province. Mstislavl: a city of ancient history. "Paris" - zemstvo assembly and hotel
From Minsk to Mstislavl 300 kilometers. This city is located almost on the border with Russia. The drive takes about four hours. Well, okay, three and a half.
So, after some consideration, we decided to stay two days. Moreover, there is a lot of interesting things here. So, Mstislavl: attractions and entertainment. The first day. Today we will climb mountains.
In general, Mstislavl stands on six mountains. We will look at two - Zamkovaya (where, in fact, Mstislavl Castle once was) and Trinity (known for the sad events of World War II). Also on the day's agenda are the Kagalny Well and a couple of interesting museums on Castle Hill. And as a bonus - a little about where you can spend the night.
Go!
Castle Hill in Mstislavl and its museums
If you believe the chronicles, Mstislavl was founded in 1135. But, in fact, people started living here much earlier.
A fortified settlement of the 1st century AD was discovered on Maiden Mountain. This is still Baltic, founded before the arrival of the Slavs.
The Balts built interesting fortifications. They found a high hill, and then artificially cut the slopes to add steepness to them. Next are ditches and palisades. And try to take such a fortress.
By the way, there is a legend about the Maiden Mountain - they say that the girls poured it in one night so that the settlement would not be taken by enemies.
And it seems that the legend has some historical background - let’s say they didn’t fill it up, but cut it off (well, that is, they carried out strengthening work). And not just the girls, perhaps, but all the inhabitants of the settlement... Interesting, in a word...
Here is Castle Hill. At the foot there are many monuments.
Castle Hill in Mstislavl
Castle Hill in Mstislavl
This one, for example, was assigned to Prince Lugwen.
Mstislavl. Monument to the founder of the city
Another monument is to an unknown knight who died in 1502. They say it was found by black archaeologists. At first they wanted to remove the armor, but failed. So the knight was betrayed to the staff of the Academy of Sciences and later buried here.
Mstislavl. Monument to the unknown knight
Here are the castle gates. If you are traveling, for example, with children, you can order animation. You need to call in advance to the local children's creativity center (yes, that's where they deal with tourism issues!), here, by the way, you can also order the services of a guide.
Castle Hill in Mstislavl. Animation - the prince greets guests
The animation is a meeting of guests by Prince Lugven himself. And hot treats (straight from the oven on the street) plus dancing from cheerful villagers.
Mstislavl. Castle Hill. Animation
What do we see on Castle Hill? There is a platform surrounded by a palisade, three towers (entrance and two on the sides). There is a lists where tournaments are held during historical festivals. And separately there is a donjon tower, and next to it there is a good-quality wooden building. There are museums there.
Castle Hill in Mstislavl. Against the background of the reconstructed tower, the Carmelite Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (on the right) and the Church of Silouan of Athos are visible
Mstislavl. Castle Hill
Strictly speaking, all this is not exactly a reconstruction. The buildings appeared here just before the medieval festival in 2016.
But they look harmonious.
Donjon tower. It is believed that historically the same one stood here, but was much higher. The defenders and residents of the city closed themselves inside and conducted a defense if the enemies managed to penetrate the fortress walls.
Donjon tower in Mstislavl
This donjon (modern) houses an exhibition of crafts and everyday life.
Chests with homespun clothes, spinning wheels, wooden irons, combs, millstones.
Mstislavl. Exhibition of crafts and everyday life
There are a lot of barrels. They didn’t know how to preserve before. So they stored everything in barrels - lard, apples, cabbage, cucumbers.
Yes, by the way, in this region of Belarus (in the Mstislav region) they have long been engaged in felting (wool felting). The museum has felt boots and mittens. But what’s important is that you can buy them at the market in Mstislavl (located on Kirova Street). The market is open on Sundays. And there they sell felt boots, hats, and mittens. Everything is made of wool. Everything is handmade. At ridiculous (by Minsk standards) prices.
Another cool museum on Castle Hill is a preserved archaeological site. This is a piece of a real 12th-century city, covered with a roof. There are also similar museums in Brest and Turov.
Castle Hill in Mstilavl. Museum-excavation
Mtislavl. Remains of an ancient city from the 12th century
In the Mstislavl excavation museum you can see not only the remains of ancient buildings that look out from a depth of three meters! - pits, but also various things found during excavations. For example, glass bracelets, which in the early Middle Ages were worth their weight in gold - only very rich people could afford them. There are also wonderful Baltic pendants, crosses, weapons, coins.
Mstislavl. Museum-excavation. Noisy pendant from the 11th - 12th centuries
Tip: be sure to take a walk around Castle Hill at night – the stars here are incredible. Just be careful - the height of the shafts is also incredible, you can fall and be seriously injured.
Ramparts and palisade on Castle Hill
View of the Carmelite Church from Castle Hill. Mstislavl
Castle Hill. Mstislavl
Kagalny well and Trinity Mountain
The Kagalny well is located at the foot of Castle Hill. This is an officially protected hydrological natural monument of local importance. Another name is Zdorovets.
Water analysis in the Kagalny well
Why Kagalny? This is a Hebrew word. Means "public". Previously, the spring belonged to local Jews, who took water from it and transported it (for money, of course) around the city.
In general, Jews appeared in Mstislavl in the 16th century. Before World War II there were a lot of them, but now there are practically none left. On October 15, 1941, in the Kagalny ditch - between the Castle and Trinity mountains - a mass execution was carried out. They say that in those days the water in the well was red.
Mstislavl. Zdorovets stream. Along the road along it, Jews were led to execution
If you walk along the Zdorovets stream and climb Trinity Mountain, you can find several monuments.
Monument to executed civilians on Trinity Hill
One of the monuments appeared here quite recently. It was directed by Boris Mikhlin, the only Jew (then still a child) to survive the executions. This man recently turned 89 years old.
Monument to the executed Jews on Trinity Hill in Mstislavl
Trinity Mountain is one of three sites of mass executions in Mstislavl.
Mstislavl. View from Trinity Mountain to Castle Hill
By the way, here’s an interesting phenomenon: along Castle Hill there are houses where people live. They manage the farm, grow and harvest crops. One such house was found even on Castle Hill itself: here is a stadium for equestrian tournaments, and here is a vegetable garden.
Mstislavl. Houses on Castle Hill
But let’s return to the Kagalny well for a moment. Now it is covered with a roof and... consecrated in honor of the Tupichevskaya Icon of the Mother of God. Somewhat unexpectedly - Jews and suddenly an Orthodox icon of the Mother of God...
But the fact remains a fact.
Zdorovets stream, originating from the Kagalny well
You can get water from the well.
He himself is completely closed from human eyes in a special building.
Kagalny well in Mstislavl
And there is also a bathhouse nearby. You can dive all year round.
Bath at the Kagalny well in Mstislavl
Where to stay in Mstislavl
Mstislavl is a small city. The population here is only about 10,000 people.
Not surprisingly, there is little choice in terms of overnight accommodations.
Hotel "Mstislavl" . On the plus side – it’s cheap, it’s located in the very center, from where the main attractions are within easy reach.
Hotel "Mstislavl"
Story
Ancient history
The oldest settlement on the territory of the city is the ancient settlement (Devichya Gora) of the Dnieper-Dvina culture (before the 1st century BC). But the city itself arose on Castle Hill: in 1959, a cultural layer with wooden buildings and objects from the 12th century was found here. The ancient city consisted of a princely castle with a rampart and a moat and a nearby settlement. In 1980, a fragment of a birch bark letter from the early 13th century was found in Mstislavl. In 2014, in a layer of the first half of the 12th century on the territory of the castle, another birch bark letter and a blank letter containing two letters and the princely trident sign were found.
After the war, a small obelisk was erected in the Kagalny ditch with an inscription about “the brutal execution of the Jewish population of the city of Mstislavl.” After a short time, it was demolished and only in 2005 a new memorial sign was installed (this time the word Jews was not on it). In 2011, on the 70th anniversary of the tragedy, the monument was updated and the inscription was added: “At this place, fascist executioners brutally killed 1,300 Jews on October 15, 1941, and later in 1941-1943. - 168 Belarusians and 35 Roma, mostly women, children and old people.”
General plan
In the Mstislavl Carmelite Church, frescoes (mid-18th century) in the Baroque style have been preserved, of which “The Capture of Mstislavl by Moscow Troops in 1654” and “The Massacre of the Priests” stand out.
Not far from Mstislavl there was the Tupichevsky Holy Spirit Monastery, where the Church of the Descent of St. Spirit with paintings on a wooden paving wall.
Vladimir Korotkevich wrote an artistic and documentary book “Mstislavl” about the city.
Economy
By industry
Attractions
On the territory of the city there are two archaeological monuments - Maiden Mountain (a settlement of the 1st century BC) and Castle Hill (a medieval city).
The city has two monuments to Peter Mstislavets, as well as a monument to the first district commissar and chairman of the executive committee of the Mstislav Council of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies A.L. Yurchenko.
Architecture
The buildings of the Carmelite (1637, rebuilt 1746-50) and Jesuit churches (1730-38, rebuilt 1836) are of architectural interest.
Famous natives and residents of the Mstislavsky district
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Excerpt characterizing Mstislavl
- Bon, je vous laisse dans votre petit coin. Je vois, que vous y etes tres bien, [Okay, I'll leave you in your corner. I see you feel good there,” said Anna Pavlovna’s voice.And Pierre, with fear remembering whether he had done something reprehensible, blushing, looked around him. It seemed to him that everyone knew, just like him, about what happened to him.
After a while, when he approached the large circle, Anna Pavlovna said to him:
– On dit que vous embellissez votre maison de Petersbourg. [They say you are decorating your St. Petersburg house.]
(It was true: the architect said that he needed it, and Pierre, without knowing why, was decorating his huge house in St. Petersburg.)
“C"est bien, mais ne demenagez pas de chez le prince Vasile. Il est bon d"avoir un ami comme le prince,” she said, smiling at Prince Vasily. - J"en sais quelque chose. N"est ce pas? [That's good, but don't move away from Prince Vasily. It's good to have such a friend. I know something about this. Isn't that right?] And you are still so young. You need advice. Don't be angry with me for taking advantage of old women's rights. “She fell silent, as women always remain silent, expecting something after they say about their years. – If you get married, then it’s a different matter. – And she combined them into one look. Pierre did not look at Helen, and she did not look at him. But she was still terribly close to him. He mumbled something and blushed.
Returning home, Pierre could not fall asleep for a long time, thinking about what happened to him. What happened to him? Nothing. He just realized that the woman he knew as a child, about whom he absentmindedly said: “Yes, she’s good,” when they told him that Helen was beautiful, he realized that this woman could belong to him.
“But she’s stupid, I said myself that she’s stupid,” he thought. “There is something nasty in the feeling that she aroused in me, something forbidden.” They told me that her brother Anatole was in love with her, and she was in love with him, that there was a whole story, and that Anatole was sent away from this. Her brother is Hippolytus... Her father is Prince Vasily... This is not good,” he thought; and at the same time as he reasoned like this (these reasonings still remained unfinished), he found himself smiling and realized that another series of reasoning was emerging from behind the first, that at the same time he was thinking about her insignificance and dreaming about how she will be his wife, how she can love him, how she can be completely different, and how everything that he thought and heard about her may not be true. And again he saw her not as some daughter of Prince Vasily, but saw her whole body, only covered with a gray dress. “But no, why didn’t this thought occur to me before?” And again he told himself that this was impossible; that something disgusting, unnatural, as it seemed to him, would be dishonest in this marriage. He remembered her previous words, looks, and the words and looks of those who saw them together. He remembered the words and looks of Anna Pavlovna when she told him about the house, he remembered thousands of such hints from Prince Vasily and others, and horror came over him, whether he had already tied himself in some way in carrying out such a task, which was obviously not good and which he should not do. But at the same time, as he expressed this decision to himself, from the other side of his soul her image emerged with all its feminine beauty.
In November 1805, Prince Vasily was supposed to go to an audit in four provinces. He arranged this appointment for himself in order to visit his ruined estates at the same time, and taking with him (at the location of his regiment) his son Anatoly, he and he would go to Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky in order to marry his son to the daughter of this rich man old man. But before leaving and these new affairs, Prince Vasily needed to resolve matters with Pierre, who, however, had recently been spending whole days at home, that is, with Prince Vasily, with whom he lived, he was funny, excited and stupid (as he should to be in love) in the presence of Helen, but still did not propose.
“Tout ca est bel et bon, mais il faut que ca finisse,” [All this is good, but we must end it] - Prince Vasily said to himself one morning with a sigh of sadness, realizing that Pierre, who owed him so much (well, yes Christ be with him!), is not doing very well in this matter. “Youth... frivolity... well, God bless him,” thought Prince Vasily, feeling his kindness with pleasure: “mais il faut, que ca finisse.” After Lelya’s name day tomorrow, I will call someone, and if he does not understand what he must do, then it will be my business. Yes, it's my business. I am the father!
Pierre, a month and a half after Anna Pavlovna's evening and the sleepless, excited night that followed, in which he decided that marrying Helen would be a misfortune, and that he needed to avoid her and leave, Pierre, after this decision, did not move from Prince Vasily and was horrified felt that every day he was more and more connected with her in the eyes of people, that he could not in any way return to his previous view of her, that he could not tear himself away from her, that it would be terrible, but that he would have to connect with her destiny. Perhaps he could have abstained, but not a day passed when Prince Vasily (who rarely had a reception) did not have an evening at which Pierre should have been, if he did not want to upset the general pleasure and deceive everyone’s expectations. Prince Vasily, in those rare moments when he was at home, passing by Pierre, pulled him down by the hand, absentmindedly offered him a shaved, wrinkled cheek for a kiss and said either “see you tomorrow” or “by dinner, otherwise I won’t see you.” , or “I’m staying for you,” etc. But despite the fact that when Prince Vasily stayed for Pierre (as he said), he did not say two words to him, Pierre did not feel able to deceive his expectations . Every day he kept telling himself the same thing: “We must finally understand her and give ourselves an account: who is she? Have I been wrong before or am I wrong now? No, she's not stupid; no, she's a wonderful girl! - he said to himself sometimes. “She’s never wrong about anything, she’s never said anything stupid.” She doesn't say much, but what she says is always simple and clear. So she's not stupid. She has never been embarrassed and is not embarrassed. So she’s not a bad woman!” Often he happened to start reasoning with her, thinking out loud, and every time she answered him with either a short, but appropriately spoken remark, showing that she was not interested in this, or with a silent smile and glance, which most palpably showed Pierre her superiority. She was right in recognizing all reasoning as nonsense compared to that smile.
She always turned to him with a joyful, trusting smile that was directed towards him alone, in which there was something more significant than what was in the general smile that always adorned her face. Pierre knew that everyone was only waiting for him to finally say one word, to step over a certain line, and he knew that sooner or later he would step over it; but some kind of incomprehensible horror seized him at the mere thought of this terrible step. A thousand times during this month and a half, during which he felt himself drawn further and further into that abyss that frightened him, Pierre said to himself: “What is this? It takes determination! Don’t I have it?”
He wanted to make up his mind, but he felt with horror that in this case he did not have the determination that he knew in himself and that really was in him. Pierre was one of those people who are strong only when they feel completely pure. And from the day he was possessed by that feeling of desire that he experienced over Anna Pavlovna’s snuffbox, an unconscious feeling of guilt in this desire paralyzed his determination.
On Helen’s name day, Prince Vasily had dinner with a small company of people closest to her, as the princess said, relatives and friends. All these relatives and friends were given the feeling that on this day the fate of the birthday girl should be decided.
The guests were sitting at dinner. Princess Kuragina, a massive, once beautiful, representative woman, sat in the master's seat. On both sides of her sat the most honored guests - the old general, his wife, Anna Pavlovna Scherer; at the end of the table sat the less elderly and honored guests, and the family, Pierre and Hélène, were sitting there, side by side. Prince Vasily did not have dinner: he walked around the table in a cheerful mood, sitting down with one or another of the guests. He spoke a casual and pleasant word to everyone, with the exception of Pierre and Helene, whose presence he did not seem to notice. Prince Vasily revived everyone. The wax candles burned brightly, the silver and crystal dishes, the ladies’ outfits and the gold and silver epaulettes shone; servants in red caftans scurried around the table; the sounds of knives, glasses, plates and the sounds of the animated chatter of several conversations around this table were heard. The old chamberlain at one end could be heard assuring the old baroness of his ardent love for her and her laughter; on the other hand, a story about the failure of some Marya Viktorovna. At the middle of the table, Prince Vasily gathered his audience around him. He told the ladies, with a playful smile on his lips, the last - on Wednesday - meeting of the State Council, at which the then famous rescript of Emperor Alexander Pavlovich from the army was received and read by Sergei Kuzmich Vyazmitinov, the new St. Petersburg military governor-general, in which the Emperor, addressing Sergei Kuzmich, said that from all sides he receives statements about the devotion of the people, and that the statement from St. Petersburg is especially pleasant to him, that he is proud of the honor of being the head of such a nation and will try to be worthy of it. This rescript began with the words: Sergey Kuzmich! Rumors reach me from all sides, etc.
– So it didn’t go any further than “Sergei Kuzmich”? – asked one lady.
“Yes, yes, not by a hair,” answered Prince Vasily, laughing. – Sergey Kuzmich... from all sides. From all sides, Sergei Kuzmich... Poor Vyazmitinov could not go further. Several times he started writing again, but as soon as Sergei said... sobbing... Ku...zmi...ch - tears... and were drowned out by sobs on all sides, and he could not go on. And again the scarf, and again “Sergei Kuzmich, from all sides,” and tears... so they already asked someone else to read it.
“Kuzmich... from all sides... and tears...” someone repeated, laughing.
“Don’t be angry,” Anna Pavlovna said, wagging her finger from the other end of the table, “est un si brave et excellent homme notre bon Viasmitinoff... [This is such a wonderful person, our good Vyazmitinov...]
Everyone laughed a lot. At the upper, honorable end of the table, everyone seemed to be cheerful and under the influence of a variety of lively moods; only Pierre and Helen sat silently next to each other almost at the lower end of the table; on the faces of both was restrained a radiant smile, independent of Sergei Kuzmich - a smile of shyness in front of their feelings. No matter what they said and no matter how others laughed and joked, no matter how appetizingly they ate Rhine wine, sauté, and ice cream, no matter how they avoided this couple with their eyes, no matter how indifferent and inattentive they seemed to be to her, for some reason one felt from time to time glances thrown at them, that the anecdote about Sergei Kuzmich, and the laughter, and the food - everything was feigned, and all the attention of this entire society was directed only to this couple - Pierre and Helen. Prince Vasily imagined Sergei Kuzmich's sobs and at this time looked around his daughter; and while he laughed, the expression on his face said: “Well, well, everything is going well; “Today everything will be decided.” Anna Pavlovna threatened him for notre bon Viasmitinoff, and in her eyes, which flashed briefly at Pierre at that moment, Prince Vasily read congratulations on his future son-in-law and his daughter’s happiness. The old princess, offering wine to her neighbor with a sad sigh and looking angrily at her daughter, seemed to say with this sigh: “Yes, now you and I have nothing left to do but drink sweet wine, my dear; now is the time for these youth to be so boldly defiantly happy.” “And what nonsense is all this that I tell, as if it interests me,” the diplomat thought, looking at the happy faces of the lovers – this is happiness!
Among those insignificantly small, artificial interests that bound this society together was the simple feeling of the desire of beautiful and healthy young men and women for each other. And this human feeling suppressed everything and hovered above all their artificial babble. The jokes were sad, the news uninteresting, the excitement was obviously fake. Not only they, but the footmen serving at the table seemed to feel the same and forgot the order of service, looking at the beautiful Helen with her radiant face and at the red, fat, happy and restless face of Pierre. It seemed that the candlelight was focused only on these two happy faces.
Pierre felt that he was the center of everything, and this position both pleased and embarrassed him. He was in the state of a man deep in some activity. He did not see anything clearly, did not understand or hear anything. Only occasionally, unexpectedly, fragmentary thoughts and impressions from reality flashed through his soul.
“So it’s all over! - he thought. - And how did this all happen? So fast! Now I know that not for her alone, not for myself alone, but for everyone, this must inevitably happen. They are all so waiting for it, so sure that it will happen, that I cannot, I cannot deceive them. But how will this happen? Don't know; but it will happen, it will certainly happen!” thought Pierre, looking at those shoulders shining right next to his eyes.
Then suddenly he felt ashamed of something. He felt embarrassed that he was the only one occupying everyone’s attention, that he was a lucky man in the eyes of others, that with his ugly face he was some kind of Paris possessing Helen. “But, it’s true, it always happens this way and this is how it should be,” he consoled himself. - And, by the way, what did I do for this? When did it start? I left Moscow with Prince Vasily. There was nothing here yet. Then, why couldn’t I stop with him? Then I played cards with her and picked up her reticule and went for a ride with her. When did this start, when did it all happen? And so he sits next to her like a groom; hears, sees, feels her closeness, her breathing, her movements, her beauty. Then suddenly it seems to him that it is not she, but he himself is so extraordinarily handsome, that is why they look at him like that, and he, happy with the general surprise, straightens his chest, raises his head and rejoices at his happiness. Suddenly some voice, someone’s familiar voice, is heard and tells him something else. But Pierre is so busy that he does not understand what is being said to him. “I’m asking you when you received the letter from Bolkonsky,” Prince Vasily repeats for the third time. - How absent-minded you are, my dear.
Prince Vasily smiles, and Pierre sees that everyone, everyone is smiling at him and Helen. “Well, well, if you know everything,” Pierre said to himself. "Well? it’s true,” and he himself smiled with his meek, childish smile, and Helen smiles.
- When did you receive it? From Olmutz? - repeats Prince Vasily, who seems to need to know this to resolve the dispute.
“And is it possible to talk and think about such trifles?” thinks Pierre.
“Yes, from Olmutz,” he answers with a sigh.
From dinner, Pierre led his lady behind the others into the living room. The guests began to leave and some left without saying goodbye to Helen. As if not wanting to tear her away from her serious occupation, some came up for a minute and quickly moved away, forbidding her to accompany them. The diplomat was sadly silent as he left the living room. He imagined all the futility of his diplomatic career in comparison with Pierre’s happiness. The old general growled angrily at his wife when she asked him about the condition of his leg. “What an old fool,” he thought. “Elena Vasilyevna will still be a beauty at 50 years old.”
“It seems that I can congratulate you,” Anna Pavlovna whispered to the princess and kissed her deeply. – If it weren’t for the migraine, I would have stayed.
The princess did not answer; she was tormented by envy of her daughter's happiness.
While seeing off the guests, Pierre remained alone for a long time with Helen in the small living room where they sat down. He had often been alone with Helen before, in the last month and a half, but had never told her about love. Now he felt that it was necessary, but he could not decide to take this last step. He was ashamed; It seemed to him that here, next to Helen, he was taking someone else’s place. This happiness is not for you,” some inner voice told him. - This is happiness for those who do not have what you have. But something had to be said, and he spoke. He asked her if she was happy with this evening? She, as always, answered with her simplicity that the current name day was one of the most pleasant for her.
Some of the closest relatives still remained. They were sitting in the large living room. Prince Vasily walked up to Pierre with lazy steps. Pierre got up and said that it was too late. Prince Vasily looked at him sternly, questioningly, as if what he said was so strange that it was impossible to hear. But after that, the expression of severity changed, and Prince Vasily pulled Pierre down by the hand, sat him down and smiled affectionately.
- Well, what, Lelya? - He immediately turned to his daughter with that casual tone of habitual tenderness that is acquired by parents who caress their children from childhood, but which Prince Vasily only guessed through imitation of other parents.
And he again turned to Pierre.
“Sergei Kuzmich, from all sides,” he said, unbuttoning the top button of his vest.
Pierre smiled, but it was clear from his smile that he understood that it was not Sergei Kuzmich’s anecdote that interested Prince Vasily at that time; and Prince Vasily realized that Pierre understood this. Prince Vasily suddenly muttered something and left. It seemed to Pierre that even Prince Vasily was embarrassed. The sight of this old man of the world's embarrassment touched Pierre; he looked back at Helen - and she seemed embarrassed and said with her eyes: “Well, it’s your own fault.”
“I must inevitably step over it, but I can’t, I can’t,” thought Pierre, and he started talking again about an outsider, about Sergei Kuzmich, asking what the joke was, since he didn’t hear it. Helen answered with a smile that she didn’t know either.
When Prince Vasily entered the living room, the princess was quietly talking to the elderly lady about Pierre.
- Of course, c "est un parti tres brillant, mais le bonheur, ma chere... - Les Marieiages se font dans les cieux, [Of course, this is a very brilliant party, but happiness, my dear..." - Marriages are made in heaven,] - answered elderly lady.
Prince Vasily, as if not listening to the ladies, walked to the far corner and sat down on the sofa. He closed his eyes and seemed to be dozing. His head fell and he woke up.
Mstislavl (Belarus. Mstsі́slaў, Amstsі́slaў) is a city in the Mogilev region of the Republic of Belarus. It is located on the Vikhra River, a tributary of the Sozh. Located near the border with Russia (13 km), 95 km from Mogilev. The nearest railway station Khodosy on the Orsha-Krichev line is located 15 km to the west. Road junction.
This ancient city is also called “Little Vilnius”, “Belarusian Suzdal”.Story
Founded in 1135 by the Smolensk prince Rostislav Mstislavovich and named after his father Mstislav the Great, the last prince of Kievan Rus. The first mention in the Ipatiev Chronicle for 1156. The territory of the Mstislav principality included lands not only of the current Mstislavsky district, but also of the Cherikovsky and Chaussky districts with the cities of Radoml and Ryasno. After the death of Smolensk Prince David, Mstislav Romanovich's uncle, Mstislav Romanovich was recognized as the Smolensk Prince and annexed the Mstislav Principality to Smolensk. In 1359, the Lithuanian prince Olgerd captured Mstislavl and annexed it to the Principality of Lithuania. From this time, the history of Mstislavl begins as a separate principality, which, in addition to the present Mstislav region, included part of the Cherikovsky and most of the Chaussky districts with the cities of Radomlya and Rasnaya. In 1386, taking advantage of the absence of the prince and other nobles, including his son Semyon (Lungveniya) Olgerdovich due to the wedding and coronation of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagiello, the Smolensk prince Svyatoslav besieged the city, but was unable to take it for 11 days. Lithuanian troops led by the Jagiello brothers, princes Skirgaila and Vytautas, approached the city and, after a battle on the banks of the Vihra, lifted the siege. In the battle for the city, the nephew of the Smolensk prince Svyatoslav, Ivan Vasilyevich, died. Semyon-Lugveny in the Battle of Grunwald commanded three East Slavic banners (regiments) - Smolensk, Mstislav and Starodubov - which withstood the first strike of the troops of the Teutonic Order. Semyon-Lugveny, having married an Orthodox woman, converted from Catholicism to Orthodoxy. He founded and began construction of the Desert Monastery in the vicinity of Mstislavl, the ruins of which, now being restored, are now a place of pilgrimage. The prince became the founder of the dynasty of Mstislav princes.
In 1514, Prince of Mstislav Mikhail Mstislavsky annexed the principality to the Moscow state, after the lost battle of Orsha he was forced to flee to Moscow, after which the principality became an eldership.
In 1566, the Mstislav Voivodeship was formed with its center in Mstislavl.
In 1634, for loyalty, the King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vladislav IV, granted the city Magdeburg Law, as well as a coat of arms. To increase income, the magistrate was allowed to build shops, grain barns, meat rows, city baths, and wax slaughterhouses. Jews who had houses on city land were equal in rights and duties to citizens.
In 1654, after the troops of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich captured Smolensk, boyar Alexei Nikitich Trubetskoy was sent to Mstislavl, took the city by storm and carried out brutal reprisals against the city’s residents. The wooden castle on the mountain near the Carmelite Church, which is currently called Castle Hill, was burned.On August 30, 1708, near Mstislavl, near the village of Dobroye, a battle between Russian and Swedish troops took place, in which the Swedes suffered their first tangible defeat. During a visit to the city, Peter I accepted a petition from the city's Jews, who complained about the looting of soldiers.
After the annexation of most of modern Belarus to Russia in 1772 as a result of the division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Mstislav Voivodeship was renamed into the province of the Belarusian-Mogilev Governorate, and a provincial chancellery was established in Mstislavl.
In 1777, the Mogilev province was divided into counties, Mstislavl became a county town, and the territory of the province was divided into other counties. In 1781, Mstislavl received a new coat of arms: a red fox on a silver background. During the Patriotic War of 1812, the city was devastated.In 1835, Thaddeus Bulgarin wrote in “Travel Notes on a Trip from Dorpat to Belarus and Back”:
After Cherikov, Chaus, Klimovichi and Krichev and all Belarusian cities in general, including Polotsk, excluding only Vitebsk and Mogilev, Mstislavl seemed to me the capital! ... There are many beautiful houses, especially in the square; the new cathedral is magnificent; Catholic churches of excellent and, so to speak, beloved architecture, decent shops and generally a lot of life and movement in a city in which there are many Russian merchants. There is even a pharmacy here, and a wonderful one! This is more than surprising. The city lies on the steep bank of the Vehri River. From the river side the view of the city is lovely. The remains of the earthen rampart that surrounded the city are still preserved.
In 1858, Mstislavl was badly damaged by a fire; about 500 buildings burned down.
According to the 1897 census, the city had 8,514 inhabitants. At the beginning of the 20th century - 1048 residential buildings, including 25 brick ones, men's and women's gymnasiums, 2 libraries, a publishing house, 3 monasteries, 3 churches, a church, a synagogue, a hospital, a pharmacy.
Since 1919, Mstislavl was part of the Smolensk province of the RSFSR, was the center of the county, and from July 17, 1924 - part of the BSSR, the regional center of the Mogilev region.
Vladimir Korotkevich wrote a fiction and documentary book about the city “Mstislavl”.
Little Vilnius, Belarusian Suzdal, Danish Linnholm-Høje - there are many different names for 880-year-old Mstislavl. The small regional center, practically on the border of the Mogilev and Smolensk regions, is just right to be turned into an open-air museum.
TUT.BY has found 5 reasons for you to visit Mstislavl.
Majestic centuries-old buildings have been preserved on the ancient streets of Mstislavl. However, a lot of the city’s wealth is hidden underground - archaeologists are looking for them, competing in speed with black diggers: the Mstislav soil is literally strewn with the bones of warriors, armor, and the remains of household items. What they find is given to museums: local, Mogilev or Minsk.
Reason one. Face of Christ, healing spring and temple ruins
Few Belarusians know about the Holy Dormition Monastery. The holy place is also popular among Russians: we have never seen a car with a tricolor on its license plate in the parking lot in front of the monastery. Believers claim that they almost physically feel the grace here. Suggestible people claim that they feel someone’s invisible presence.
The Pustynsky Monastery is located 10 km from the center of Mstislavl, but it is worth a visit. It is considered the oldest Orthodox monastery in the Mogilev region and is only 2.5 centuries younger than Mstislavl.
It was founded by one of the ancestors of the Mstislav princes Lugven or Lugven, the tenth son of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Olgerd. According to legend, after a serious illness the prince began to lose his sight. He was practically blind when he once had a dream in which an old man appeared and said: “Go to the hermitage [monastic settlement], wash yourself from the spring and you will receive healing.”
The prince began to look for that desert and came to a spring not far from Mstislavl. Lugwen washed himself with the water and was healed - his sight returned to him. In the branches of a linden tree that grew near the source, he allegedly saw the image of the Mother of God. Accepting his healing as her mercy, the grateful prince decided to build a monastery on the site of the miraculous spring.
In 1801-1808, the stone Assumption Cathedral was built. In 1864, the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built and consecrated right at the source. The multi-tiered hipped bell tower with a height of 58.67 m is already a century and a half old, just like the Church of the Intercession.
In the pre-revolutionary years, there was an Orthodox brotherhood, a church peasant school, and a library of 656 books that were distributed and sent out free of charge. After the October Revolution, in 1925, the monks were evicted from the monastery. Orphans were placed in the monastic cells, forming the Pustynsky orphanage. The property of the Pustynsky Monastery, including icons, was confiscated.
During all the years of the Great Patriotic War, not a single building was destroyed in Pustynki, not a single child died here, although the orphanage was not evacuated. In 1942, during three summer months, a German military unit was based on the territory of the monastery.
In the post-war period, the monastery walls again sheltered orphans, the number of whom reached 350 people. Largely thanks to this, the monastery buildings have survived to this day.
During Soviet times, the monastery complex was seriously damaged. Windows were removed from buildings, roofs were dismantled, floors were blown up, and stoves were taken away. They tried to break down the walls of the Assumption Cathedral with tractors, and the fence around the monastery was plundered. Civil defense exercises began to be held on the territory of the monastery. They burned and broke what was still left standing. By 2000, the territory of the monastery was overgrown with weeds.
Work to restore the monastery began in 2003. During the renovation of one of the buildings where there used to be a school, a face was discovered on the wall, which, believers claim, is surprisingly similar to the face of Christ on the Shroud of Turin. They say that a school board used to hang at this place. Since 2005, monks have settled in the monastery again.
Reason two. Castle Hill
Perhaps one of the main places where you can feel the passage of time is Castle Hill. Once upon a time it was surrounded by deep ditches, and behind them - a high rampart. Behind the fortifications on the upper platform of the mountain there was a citadel of medieval Mstislavl. Adjoining it from the south was the so-called Okolny City, also surrounded by ramparts and a moat.
The entrance to the castle was through a wooden drawbridge spanning a moat. In the center of the fortress stood an octagonal donjon tower, built at the end of the 15th - 16th centuries. The prince and the princely squad were in the castle. Residents' houses stood in a tight circle along it, a wooden church was built on the south side, and the prince's house stood in the center.
Castle Hill and its surroundings are a Mecca for archaeologists. Here, during excavations, the remains of fortifications, mansions with tiled stoves, etc. were discovered. Below the detinets (castle) a settlement of Mstislavl was discovered with the remains of wooden buildings, streets paved with logs, and numerous household items of the 12th-13th centuries.
Now there is an excavation on the mountain, which was turned into a small museum thanks to the efforts of students of Moscow State University. A. Kuleshova, headed by Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Igor Marzalyuk. According to Igor Aleksandrovich, for this purpose they literally went through 600 cubic meters with their hands. m of land. In the excavation they found stone millstones from the 18th century and a personal spindle whorl from the 12th century—the name of the girl who left the inscription on it has not yet been deciphered. The materials found here, including samples of the wood from which the pavement was made, give reason to say that Mstislavl is at least 80 years older.
For most of the year, Castle Hill is empty. And only it is filled with hundreds of knights in armor and spectators.
By the way, a monument to that same Lugven, the ancestor of the Mstislav princes, the hero of the Battle of Grunwald, was unveiled next to the mountain.
Reason three. Mstislavsky “Paris” and the architecture of the 19th - 20th centuries
Not far from the Central Square there is a perfectly preserved three-story red brick building. Previously, the noble assembly and the Paris Hotel were located here. The name remains - it is borne by the hairdresser, which is located on the ground floor. Now the educational building of the Mstislav Construction College is located here. By the way, in Mstislavl there were also hotels with the names “Berlin” and “Eagle”, but they have not survived.
The building of the zemstvo government is also perfectly preserved, as are the district school, the 20-meter fire tower, the buildings of the men's gymnasium, and the treasury.
The shopping arcades in Mstislavl are an architectural and historical monument. They were built at the beginning of the 20th century on the site of an ancient market that existed there from the Middle Ages until the 19th century.
Mstislavl has always been a trading city. The fame of his merchant traditions spread far beyond the Belarusian lands: merchants came to Mstislavl from all over the world, and almost anything could be found at the market - the rows stood in the center of Mstislavl, to the right of the building of the local district executive committee and the monument to Peter Mstislavets.
These squat houses now house modern shops.
Reason four. Carmelite Church and Jesuit College
The Carmelite Church is the most valuable architectural monument of Mstislavl. It began to be built in 1637. The plan of the temple is close to a square, which fundamentally distinguishes it from traditional basilica churches.
The interior of the church is decorated with stucco and frescoes with religious subjects. The two central frescoes are dedicated to the capture of the city in 1654 by Trubetskoy’s troops (one depicts the Mstislav Castle, the other depicts the massacre of the priests). The fresco painting dates back to the second half of the 17th century. True, there have been scaffoldings inside the temple for about 20 years, but you can see some things through them.
The stone Jesuit Church of St. Michael the Archangel is one of the dominant features of Mstislavl, a Baroque monument. The collegium ensemble is included in the state list of historical and cultural values of Belarus.
Construction of the Jesuit church began in 1730 with the support of King Sigismund III. Work proceeded slowly: only in 1748, under the leadership of Benedict Mezmer, the church was finally completed.
After the suppression of the gentry uprising of 1830−1831. the buildings of the former monastery were transferred to the Orthodox, the church was closed. In 1842, the Jesuit church was reconstructed and converted into the Orthodox St. Nicholas Cathedral.
At the moment, from the ensemble of the Jesuit collegium, the following have been preserved: the Church of St. Michael the Archangel, the collegium building, pharmacies, service buildings, as well as the fence and chapels. The college has a kind of hostel, and a tent city is set up on its territory during the knight festival.
Reason five. Selfie with the knight and Peter Mstislavets
There are two monuments to Pyotr Mstislavets, a book printer and associate of Ivan Fedorov, erected in the city. Together with him, Mstislavets published in Moscow the first accurately dated Russian printed book, “The Apostle” (1564), and in 1565, two editions of “The Book of Hours.”
The first monument to Peter Mstislavets stands near the Jesuit college. The second is on the Central Square opposite the building of the district executive committee: it was installed on September 2, 2001.
Near the Old Town bistro, also in the center of Mstislavl, there are two knights with the coat of arms of Mstislavl on their shields. According to locals, the knights were made by college students.
For tourists
Despite the small size of the city, it has places
The village is located near the Yuryev-Polsky - Teykovo highway, 10 km north of the regional center of the city of Yuryev-Polsky.
View of the village of Gorodishche from the south
The road from Yuryev-Polsky to Pereslavl-Zalessky passed through the city of Mstislavl (the village of Gorodishchi).
16. Settlement Mstislavl (VII-X, XI-XIII centuries) located on the territory of the village of Gorodishche, a hillock among the swampy lowlands on the right bank of the river. Gza, near the Volot ravine.
The settlement on the site of the ancient settlement, as shown by finds in the pre-continental layer, arose in the 7th - 10th centuries, and was probably originally Meryan. In the X-XI centuries. the Slavs appeared here. In the pre-continental layer, fragments of molded pottery of Meryan and Slavic appearance, dated back to the 7th-11th centuries, were discovered.
It is assumed that in the XI-XIII centuries. here was the city of Mstislavl, built under Prince Yuri Dolgoruky or Andrei Bogolyubsky.
The main part of the cultural layer dates back to Old Russian times. Fragments of Old Russian pottery ceramics were found here, including bottoms with stamps, slate whorls, fragments of glass bracelets, iron knives, springs from cylinder locks, a fragment of a bone comb with a circular ornament, and other items dating from the 12th-13th centuries.
The powerful fortifications that have survived to this day were erected in the 12th century. The site is round in plan with dimensions of 190x145 m (length of the shaft - 565 m, area - 19,500 sq. m.) along the perimeter is surrounded by a rampart up to 5 m high and a ditch in front of it 3-5 m deep, with a wall slope of up to 30 degrees and in some places even currently filled with water. The shaft has four breaks, one of which (northern) existed in ancient times as a gateway.
Studies of the shaft showed that it was poured on the mainland at the same time. The base of the shaft was made up of wooden oak frames, placed end to end one to the other, measuring about 4x4 m, placed along the axis of the shaft. The width of the log houses turned out to be divided into two cages by an intermediate wall. They were preserved at a height of up to 4.3 m, were cut down “in a burrow” with the release of remains up to 60 cm long, from logs with a diameter of up to 20 cm, and were placed end to end. Very wide gaps between the logs of the log house, in addition to the reduction in the volume of the tree as a result of rotting, indicate that the felling was done without careful joining and precise fitting of the logs. One of the components of this structure, near the front wall of the frame, turned out to be burnt, apparently to protect the wood from rotting. The ground around the cutting bore no traces of firing; this indicates that the logs were either fired in advance, before laying, or, more likely, the firing was carried out after the frame was made, but not yet filled with earth. The noticeable difference that exists between the filling of neighboring stands of a log house indicates that they were filled in after the log houses were installed, and each stand was filled independently. The preserved height of the cages in the rampart of ancient Mstislavl is up to 4.3 m, but the original height of the front wall of the log houses could have been even greater - perhaps up to 6 m. The second wall of the log houses has approximately the same height as the front wall, and the third wall is much lower - only about 2 m. The walls of the log houses are more or less vertical, but the front wall in its upper part has a noticeable slope towards the back side of the shaft. The slope of this wall makes it possible to clarify information about the process of building the shaft. There is no doubt that the cages of the log houses in their upper part were covered with earth gradually, as wooden walls were built up. Only in this case could the front wall of the frame turn out to be not vertical, but somewhat inclined towards the earthen filling. After the shaft cages were filled with earth to their entire height, earth was poured in front of the log houses, creating the front slope of the shaft. The wooden structure of the Mstislavl shaft is located on a dark humus layer, which represents the level of the ancient surface.
In Mstislavl there were single-row log walls up to the fences about 3 m high and together with the fences about 5 m high. To build the walls, it was necessary to have 2800 logs with a volume of 81 cubic meters. soot To build a rather complex timber structure inside the shaft, it was necessary to spend about 216 cubic meters. soot forests.
Assuming that the fortress was built during one construction season, it would have required approximately 180 men to construct it during that season.
Search posada the ancient Mstislavl (settlement outside the ramparts) lasted for many years, and finally it was found. So far this territory has been little studied, although it has attracted many archaeologists, including an expedition from the Hermitage that worked near the village of Gorodishche.
- Kurgan burial ground (XI-XIII centuries.) was located near the village, r. Gza (left tributary of the Koloksha River), not far from the settlement of Mstislavl. 18 mounds were explored (A.S. Uvarov, 1852). Perhaps the burial ground was one of the pagan cemeteries of ancient Mstislavl. Not preserved.
According to one version, Mstislavl was founded at the end of the 11th century by the son of Vladimir Monomakh, the Novgorod prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, who appeared in 1093-1095. holder of the Rostov land. It is possible that the city was founded in those same years by himself and named after his son.
1135 - the first mention of the city of Mstislavl.
1177 - On June 27, near the Gza River, because of the grand-ducal throne, he fought with the Rostovites, led by Mstislav Rostislavich.
1177 - Mstislav Rostislavich, uniting with the Ryazan prince Gleb, again attacked Vsevolod on the Koloksha River.
Location of the fortress gate 
Fortress north-eastern rampart of the fortification 
The south-eastern part of the rampart with a moat filled with water 
Southern part of the rampart 
Western part of the rampart
The settlement was devastated in the 13th century during the Tatar-Mongol invasion.
The city of Mstislavl is mentioned in the "List of Russian cities near and far" con. XIV century
Village Gorodishche
The village of Gorodishche was formerly called Chislovskie Gorodishchi. “The Chislovsky Settlement is located 72 versts from the provincial town, 10 versts from the district town (), near the wells."
Between 1572-1578 - according to the spiritual will of Tsar Ivan IV, the city of Yuryev Polsky should go to his son Ivan “with the volosts and with the roads and villages and with all duties”, the wife Anna in Yuryev Polsky should go to the villages of Gorodishche Mstislavl, Flolishchevo, Semskoye, with villages and with all lands (Additions to the Historical Acts, collected and published by the Archaeographic Commission. T.1. St. Petersburg, 1846).
Until 1668, the village was the sovereign's palace.
“On June 7, 1668, in the Yuryevsky district, the palace village of Gorodishche, Mstislavl, and also the villages were denied the patrimony of the steward Sergei Avramov Lopukhin (d. before 1711).” Sergei Abramovich in 1686 was the room steward of Tsar Ivan Alekseevich, and in 1689 and 1692. room steward of Tsar Peter Alekseevich, from 1692 a boyar, in 1697 he fell out of favor and was appointed governor of Vyazma. His wife is Maria Petrovna Pozdeeva (1680-1711).
From the advertisement of deeds of sale in the “addition to N ... of the St. Petersburg Gazette. 1783, January 3”: “Deeds of sale were presented to the Vladimir Province in Yuryevsky-Polsky in 804: 1) September 19th from Major Peter Mikhailov’s son Malov, given to him the same year August 3rd from Colonel Marya Stepanova’s daughter, von Brunova’s wife, on She sold an immovable estate from the peasants, with land, forests, hay fields and all land, in the Yuryev district in the village of Gorodishchi, for 2000 rubles...”
From the correspondence on the planning of the village of Gorodishchi in 1901, it is clear that “this village consists of peasants, two former landowners, Messrs. Novokshchenova and Mikhailova; The peasants of both estates do not have enough estate land to organize a village in general order, and the peasants who were formerly Mr. Mikhailov have so little of it that they even had to rent two acres of land from a private person for estates; It is not possible to increase the estates at the expense of field lands, since the estate land of the peasants is surrounded by private estates. In view of this, the village was recognized by the district government as exceptional and was planned with deviations from the general rules for the organization of villages.
As can be seen from the draft plan, the village of Gorodishchi is planned in three orders: one order with 16 houses, another with 14 and a third with 4 houses. According to the plan, there are 34 estates, of which 16 are 8 fathoms wide. and 13 at 7 ½ fathoms. and 5 (bobyl) estates with a width of 5 fathoms, with a length of 4 (bobyl) places of 15 fathoms each, and all others - from 33 ½ to 59 fathoms. depending on the size of the estate land. Designated for construction on estates with a width of 5 fathoms - 3 fathoms, 7 ½ fathoms - 5 fathoms. and in 8 fathoms - 4 ½ fathoms; the remaining space of the estate should be a palisade. The houses are located in pairs of 4, 6 and 8 houses in a nest, which makes it possible to form a gap between each two houses with a width of 4 to 7 fathoms. The streets are defined to be 10 fathoms wide, and the alleys, of which there are 3, are 6 fathoms wide. Several (8) houses of peasants who were formerly in Mikhailov, due to the lack of their own land, are proposed to be built on land that they rented for this need for 12 years from a private person.
The project for the organization of the village of Gorodishche, drawn up at the request of the peasants in the order indicated above, was presented to the peasants among 21 of 23 all householders in the society and approved by them, as can be seen from their verdict of September 26.” According to insurance statistics for 20 years (1875-1894), in the village of Gorodishchi there was only one fire, which damaged 10 households. The salary of the insurance fee over these years exceeds the payment for fire losses by 547 rubles. 74 kopecks Thus, this village, despite its unique structure, did not pose a dangerous risk for insurance capital.
In Yuryev-Polsky district, peasants were forced to build a large number of small power plants. The initiators in this matter were the residents of the village of Gorodishchi. The project for the construction of a power plant was developed on their order, and they asked the district executive committee to assist them with funds and equipment. This happened in early December 1919, and already in January 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky executive committee approved a project for the construction of an electric station in the village of Gorodishchi with an estimated cost of 261,000 rubles and allocated 50,000 rubles to the peasants in return. The location for the building was chosen at the entrance to the village. Everyone worked at the construction site, from young to old. Even from neighboring villages people came and worked for several days without any payment. The work progressed quickly and by the end of 1920 the installation of equipment was completed. The opening and commissioning of the station took place in front of an unprecedented crowd of people. The newspaper “Voice of Labor” wrote on October 6, 1920: “On October 3, in Yuryev-Polsky district, in a solemn ceremony, an electric station built by peasants with 200 light bulbs was put into operation to illuminate the village.
This is how the advanced peasantry fights devastation. The capitalists do not allow us to start restoring the destroyed economy, they do not allow us to quickly improve transport in order to bring in the goods we need and, in particular, kerosene, the revolutionary will of the workers and peasants is coming out of the situation with honor.
No kerosene - we'll have electricity! Well done city dwellers! The rest of the villages in our region will follow you.”
An oil engine with a 32 kW dynamo was installed in a beautiful and spacious building. The station generated direct current with a voltage of 220 V. Soon all 214 households and the mill were connected to the network. Over a thousand residents of the ancient Russian village began to live in a new way. Thus, on October 3, 1920, the first rural power station built under Soviet power came into operation.
All R. XIX - early XX centuries The village was the center of the Gorodishchenskaya volost of the Yuryevsky district.
« Gorodishchenskoe Volost Board(Post. address. Yuryev). Volost foreman - kr. Alexander Petrovich Balukov. Clerk - Alexey Aleksanrovich Arkhangelsky.
Volost Court. Chairman - kr. Maxim Ivanovich Ivanov. Judges: Vasily Ivanovich Markov; Egor Vasilievich Bazhutkin; Nikita Petrovich Zaitsev" (List of employees of all departments of the Vladimir province. 1891).
“On the opening of rental points in the city of Yuryev and the village. Fortifications of agricultural machines and tools.
The district government, presenting at the discretion of the zemstvo assembly a public statement on the opening in the city of Yuryev and the village. In the settlements of rental points for agricultural machinery and implements, I have the honor to report that this event is certainly necessary for the population of the county and the opening of such in the designated locations is highly desirable, but taking into account that the tools and machinery available at the warehouse intended for demonstration are not enough, the county the administration would have proposed: to allocate some amount from the district tax for the purchase of machinery and tools and to file a petition with the main department of land management and agriculture for the issuance of the same amount to the district as an allowance” (Journal of the Yuryevsk Uzbekistan collection, 1910. ).
Since 1929, the village has been the center of the Gorodishchensky village council of the Yuryev-Polsky district.
The village of Gorodishchi is part of.
Population: in 1859 – 1500 people; in 1897 – 1056 people; in 2010 – 187 men. and 233 women, a total of 420 people.
MDOU Kindergarten No. 26 has been in force since December 20, 1996. Head is Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Bakeeva. Address: Gorodishche village, Central Street, 11, 1. The main activity is “Pre-school education (preceding primary general education).” The organization MUNICIPAL PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "KINDERGARTEN No. 26" was liquidated on October 1, 2010. Reason: Termination of the activities of a legal entity through reorganization in the form of affiliation. Legal successor: MBDOU Kindergarten No. 22 (enthusiast village).
LLC "Gorodishche-Agro" has been in force since February 12, 1999. General Director Andrey Vladimirovich Erofeev. The main activity is “Poultry Breeding”. The organization LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY "GORODISHCHE-AGRO" was liquidated on December 12, 2016.
SPK /Kolkhoz/ "Red October" effective from February 21, 2000. The bankruptcy trustee is Viktor Alekseevich Nikonorov. The main activity is “Raising dairy cattle, producing raw milk.” The organization AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION COOPERATIVE /KOLLHOZ/ "RED OCTOBER" is in the process of liquidation.
LLC "Gorodishche Cheeses" has been in force since December 26, 2000. General Director Andrey Valeryanovich Shchetkov. The main activity is “Production of milk (except raw milk) and dairy products.”
LLC "Stroy City" registered on December 4, 2008. Director Badeyan Nado Agvani. Address: Gorodishche village, Novaya street, 16. The main activity is “Other wholesale trade”. The organization LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY "STROY CITY" was liquidated on June 8, 2012.
View from the fortress rampart 
Monument to village residents who died in the Second World War 
Church of the Resurrection of Christ
The church in the village already existed in the beginning. XVII century, as can be seen from the salary books of the patriarchal government order, in which under the year 136 (1628) it is written: “the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the sovereign in the palace village of Gorodishche Mstislavsky tribute nineteen altyn with ten tenth hryvnia; and in 162 (1654) according to the new watch, a tribute of ruble 21 alt was imposed. 3 days, arrival hryvnia.”
1646 The village of Mstislavle-Gorodishche, and in it the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, on the church. earth two Bobylsky.
In 1671, there was a church in the village in honor of the Resurrection of Christ, and the Nicholas throne was an aisle in it; this church in the patriarchal books of refusal of 179 is described as follows: “the church in the name of the Resurrection of Christ, and in the chapel of St. Nicholas miracles. wooden tent-roofed with two shoots, the bell tower is cut octagonal from the church from the porch to the bell tower, and in the Church of Divine Mercy there are local images of the Resurrection of Christ, silver gilded crowns, chased, the image of St. God. Kazan frame and crowns, silvered, gilded, chased cast, image of St. Nicholas. the crown and ten-kopeck piece are silvered and gilded, the image is Alive. Trinity, image of the Savior Unarmed. the images are painted on gold, in front of the local icons, large candles are painted on paints, and at the meal there are local images: St. Nicholas the miracle. in the life of the Archangel Michael, there are two royal doors on either side of Blagor. The robbers are painted in gold, there are 36 icons of the Twelve Deesis, in front of the Spasovs there are images of two copper chandeliers, in the altar behind the throne there is the Resurrection of Christ, the image of the Most Holy. Bogor. In front of her there is a copper lamp from Kazan, a cross painted on gold, and on the throne a visual cross overlaid with silver, a cast silver crucifix is gilded, another cross is painted on gold, a printed gospel, silver cast evangelists, the clothes on the throne are white grass, and in the chapel of St. Nicholas there are miracles. behind the throne is the image of Pr. God. Vladimir in the frame - silver frame gilded crown and hryvnia gilded silver cross exalted copper gospel printed evangelists copper church vessels white silver and two tin white censers silver, another copper - yellow damask vestments, silver mantle sewn on black velvet, other district vestments gold mantle, the third white damask chasuble, hand-made velvet mantle, satin worm-like vestments, lined with gold lath, the other damask vestments, lined with white lath, the calico surplice, an embossed mantle, the third white linen surplice, the red kumashen mantle, and the books of the church apostle, two printed ohtoes for 8 voices, a common small menaion, another menaion for the Lord's holidays, a printed psalter, two printed troodes in plain text and a color printed one, 4 prologues for the whole year, a new service book, an old consumer book, a book of Ephraim the Syrian, a small psalter, a printed book of hours, a semi-statutory printed book, a book of the life of St. Nicholas the Wonderful, on the bell tower 5 bells, near the church on the church. land of the church. clerks in the door priest Nikifor, his brother is deacon Yakov Leontiev, dv. sexton Nikiforka Ilyin, courtyard and garden estate land 1 ½ tithes, church. arable land 9 dessiatines in the field, and in two of the same, hay 40 kopecks, in the village of Gorodishche Mstislavl there are 94 dessiatines of peasants.”
The described wooden Resurrection Church existed in the village until the beginning of the 19th century. In 1804, the parishioners, instead of a wooden church, built a stone church in the village with the same bell tower and fence.
There were three altars in the church: in the cold one - in honor of the Resurrection of Christ, in the warm aisles: in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.
Of the church and liturgical accessories, two Gospels are remarkable for their antiquity: one is sealed in 1668, and the other is sealed in 1704, and two icons: the Savior and the Mother of God.
In 1862, a son, Ivan, was born into the family of the rector of the church, priest Feodor Vasilyevich Veselovsky, who graduated from the Pereslavl Theological School in 1877, and from the Bethany Seminary in 1883.
On February 14, 1870, priest Nikolai Belavin, who arrived from the Irkutsk diocese, was appointed to the priestly place in the village of Chislovskie Gorodishchi.
The rector, priest of the village of Chislovskikh-Gorodishchi, Vasily Kalliopin, on June 7, 1883, according to the petition, was dismissed from the staff, the assistant priest of the village of Yurkova, Feodor Krylov, was appointed rector on the same date, and Seminary student Nikolai was appointed to the vacancy of assistant rector on June 7 Voznesensky.
The church had a wooden gatehouse covered with iron.
The staff of the clergy is: priest and psalm-reader. For his maintenance, the clergy received an annual income: interest on church capital 4 rubles, for corrections 400 rubles, from the collection of bread 20 rubles. and from the ground 200 rubles, and in total up to 624 rubles. The clergy have their own houses, on church land. The parish consisted of one village, in which there were 160 households, 695 male souls, and 750 female souls.
Correcting the post of psalm-reader of the villages - Chislovskikh-Gorodishchi, Nikolai Lebedev and Golyanishcheva, Yuryevsky district, Vladimir Ostroumov, September 24, 1913, were moved one to the other's place.
The surviving bell tower
During Soviet times, the temple was destroyed, but only one bell tower remained.
School
Chislovo-Gorodishche parish school, Gorodishchenskaya volost, in the village. Chislovskie-Gorodishchi. Founded by St. N. Voznesensky in 1883. Nearest schools: Belyanitsinskoe in the 8th century. and Yuryevsky - 9th century.In 1884 “The premises are rented, wooden, separate; in terms of light and warmth it is quite comfortable; There is one classroom - 12 arches long, 12 arches wide, 3 arches high. 11 ver. There are not enough teaching aids - 25 rubles. There is no library or land. Law teacher and teacher priest Nikolai Voznesensky, a student at the Vladimir Theological Seminary, has been teaching since November 1, 1883. There is no trustee. Received at the opening of the school 30 m. and 3 d., which consisted of January 1, 1884. Everyone studies together. The age of students is from 7 to 12 years. Of the students: 32 from the village. Chislovskikh-Gorodishchi 1 - village. Vyndova in 1 ½ ver. There is no overnight shelter. Lives in a 1-room apartment, with rent up to 5 rubles. per month with table. Religions of the Orthodox and all peasant classes. Funds: from the society 9 r. 67 k., from different departments 25 rub.; tuition fee 2 rubles. Expenses: renting a house, heating, lighting, servants and repairs 9 rubles. 67 k.; for books and teaching aids 25 rubles; The teacher of the law receives payment for teaching. Attended classes regularly. Reception in November; 8th grade were admitted, the rest were illiterate. The academic year is from November 1st. They learn to sing. They study for 5 hours a day. and lessons are given at home. Branches 2. Lessons per week: on the Law of God 4, on the Russian language 8, on the Slavic language 2, on arithmetic 6, on singing 2” (“Vladimir Zemsky Collection, 1884, No. 12, December.).
On January 9, 1887, it was opened in the village zemstvo public school. In 1887, Pavel Nikolaevich Novokshchenov, according to his spiritual will, presented his estate in the village of Gorodishchi, in the villages of Barov and Volokitin for the maintenance of a school and almshouse in the village of Gorodishchi. “At the request of the commissioner from the peasants of the village. Volokitina of the peasant Grigory Lukyanov about the charity of the widow Praskovia Rodionova. The representative from the peasants of the village of Volokitina, Lukyanov, appealed to the council with a request for charity for the elderly widow from their village, Praskovya Rodionova, with funds bequeathed by their late landowner P. N. Novokshchenov, either by placement in an almshouse, which Mr. Novokshchenov bequeathed to establish, or in the form of a monetary benefit .
According to the spiritual will of P. N. Novokshchenov, a school and an almshouse should be established on his estate, which is currently in charge of the Yuryev zemstvo, but only one school is open, the almshouse is not open, since the income received from this estate is completely insufficient for maintenance of the school and almshouse, as can be seen from the following calculation: the estate of Mr. Novokshchenov consists of 327 dessiatines. 1776 soot. land of different quality, which land is rented to peasants in the villages of Gorodishche, Barova and Volokitina for 940 rubles. per year, while the cost of maintaining the school is made annually in an average amount of about 750 rubles. and thus the balance is about 190 rubles.
Submitting the above to the consideration of the zemstvo assembly, the district government has the honor to report that it, for its part, would like to assign from the above-mentioned balance to the peasant Praskovya Rodionova a monthly allowance of 3 rubles, and 36 rubles per year, from the above-mentioned balance, and 36 rubles per year, which amount should be paid in the estimate" (Journals of the next Yuryevsky Uyezd Zemstvo Assembly of 1902).
In 1900, there were 47 boys and 25 girls. Trustee - nobleman Alexander Iustinovich Sollogub, in office since 1887. Teacher of the Law - priest Vladimir Pavlovich Novoselsky, who completed a course at the Vladimir Theological Seminary; a teacher of law at this school since 1894. 1) Teacher Alexandra Mikhailovna Arkhangelk., who completed a course at the Vladimir Diocesan School; in service from September 1, 1896, and in this school from September 1, 1900. 2) Teacher Pashkova Anastasia, completed a course at the gymnasium, in service from February 1888 to September 1891, assigned to this school from September 1 1900
Public premises (1900), apartment for teachers at the school. The school in 1900 was crowded due to an increase in the number of students. It is necessary to rebuild the school premises and, in addition, to add an apartment for a second teacher.
Municipal educational institution "Gorodishche Basic Secondary School" valid since November 15, 1994. Director Tatyana Anatolyevna Strunina. The main activity is “Basic general education”. The organization MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "GORODISCHESKAYA BASIC EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL" was liquidated on September 21, 2011. Reason: Termination of the activities of a legal entity through reorganization in the form of affiliation. Assignee: .
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