To what period of development of human society does the origin of agricultural production belong? Chronological periods and eras in human history. e millennium AD

Question 1. How did the activities of primitive man affect the environment?

Already more than 1 million years ago, Pithecanthropus obtained food by hunting. Neanderthals used a variety of stone tools for hunting and hunted their prey collectively. Cro-Magnons created snares, spears, spear throwers and other devices. However, all this did not make serious changes to the structure of ecosystems. Human impact on nature intensified during the Neolithic era, when cattle breeding and agriculture began to become increasingly important. Man began to destroy natural communities, without, however, yet having a global impact on the bio-sphere as a whole. Nevertheless, unregulated grazing of livestock, as well as clearing of forests for fuel and crops, already at that time changed the state of many natural ecosystems.

Question 2. To what period of development of human society does the origin of agricultural production belong?

Agriculture appeared after the end of glaciation in the Neolithic era (New Stone Age). This period is usually dated to 8-3 millennia BC. e. At this time, man domesticated several species of animals (first the dog, then the ungulates - pig, sheep, goat, cow, horse) and began to cultivate the first cultivated plants (wheat, barley, legumes).

Question 3. Name the reasons for the possible occurrence of water shortages in a number of areas of the world.

A lack of water can arise as a result of various human actions. With the construction of dams and changes in river beds, a redistribution of water flow occurs: some territories are flooded, others begin to suffer from drought. Increased evaporation from the surface of reservoirs leads not only to the formation of water shortages, but also changes the climate of entire regions. Irrigated agriculture depletes surface and soil water supplies. Deforestation on the border with deserts contributes to the formation of new territories with a lack of water. Finally, the reasons may be high population density, excessive industrial needs, as well as pollution of existing water supplies.

Question 4. How does the destruction of forests affect the state of the bio-sphere?Material from the site

Deforestation catastrophically worsens the condition of the biosphere as a whole. As a result of logging, surface water flow increases, which increases the likelihood of floods. Intensive soil erosion begins, leading to the destruction of the fertile layer and pollution of water bodies with organic substances, water blooms, etc. Deforestation increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is one of the factors increasing the greenhouse effect; the amount of dust in the air is growing; The danger of a gradual decrease in the amount of oxygen is also relevant.

Cutting down large trees destroys established forest ecosystems. They are replaced by much less productive biocenoses: small forests, swamps, semi-deserts. At the same time, dozens of species of plants and animals may disappear irrevocably.

Currently, the main “lungs” of our planet are the equatorial tropical forests and taiga. Both of these groups of eco-systems require extremely careful treatment and protection.

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• name the reasons for the possible occurrence of water shortages in several areas of the world
• How does forest destruction affect the state of the biosphere?
• essay on the topic biosphere and man
• Biology. How did the activities of primitive man affect the environment?
• To what period of development of human society does the origin of agricultural production belong?

Question 1. How did the activities of primitive man affect the environment?
Already more than 1 million years ago, Pithecanthropus obtained food by hunting. Neanderthals used a variety of stone tools for hunting and hunted their prey collectively. Cro-Magnons created snares, spears, spear throwers and other devices. However, all this did not make serious changes to the structure of ecosystems. Human impact on nature intensified during the Neolithic era, when cattle breeding and agriculture began to become increasingly important. Man began to destroy natural communities, without, however, yet having a global impact on the biosphere as a whole. However, unregulated grazing of livestock, as well as clearing of forests for fuel and crops, was already changing the state of many natural ecosystems at that time.

Question 2: To what period of development of human society does the origin of agricultural production belong?
Agriculture emerged after the end of glaciation during the Neolithic (New Stone Age). This period is usually dated to 8-3 millennia BC. e. At this time, man domesticated several species of animals (first the dog, then the ungulates - pig, sheep, goat, cow, horse) and began to cultivate the first cultivated plants (wheat, barley, legumes).

Question 3. Name the reasons for the possible occurrence of water shortages in a number of areas of the world.
Water shortage can occur as a result of various human actions. When dams are built and river beds are changed, water flow is redistributed: some areas are flooded, others begin to suffer from drought. Increased evaporation from the surface of reservoirs leads not only to the formation of water shortages, but also changes the climate of entire regions. Irrigated agriculture depletes surface and soil water supplies. Deforestation on the border with deserts contributes to the formation of new territories with a lack of water. Finally, the reasons may be high population density, excessive industrial demands, as well as pollution of existing water supplies.

Question 4. How does forest destruction affect the state of the biosphere?
Deforestation catastrophically worsens the condition of the biosphere as a whole. As a result of logging, surface water flow increases, which increases the likelihood of floods. Intensive soil erosion begins, leading to the destruction of the fertile layer and pollution of water bodies with organic substances, water blooms, etc. Deforestation increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which is one of the factors increasing the greenhouse effect; the amount of dust in the air is growing; The danger of a gradual decrease in the amount of oxygen is also relevant. Cutting down large trees destroys established forest ecosystems. They are replaced by much less productive biocenoses: small forests, swamps, semi-deserts. At the same time, dozens of species of plants and animals may disappear irrevocably.
Currently, the main “lungs” of our planet are the equatorial tropical forests and taiga. Both of these groups of ecosystems require extremely careful treatment and protection.

Historical periods and eras

Primitive society

up to approx. 3000 BC uh. (unification of Upper and Lower Egypt)

Paleolithic and Mesolithic

Neolithic

Bronze Age

Iron Age

Ancient world

3000 BC e. - 476 AD e.(fall of the Roman Empire)

Hellenism

Ancient Rome

Middle Ages

476 - end of the 15th century(beginning of the Age of Discovery)

Early Middle Ages (late 5th - mid 11th centuries)

High (classical) Middle Ages (mid-11th - end of 15th centuries)

Early Modern (or Late Middle Ages)

end of the 15th century - 1789(beginning of the French Revolution)

Renaissance (Renaissance)
The beginning of the Renaissance is considered to be the beginning of the 14th century in Italy, the 15th-16th centuries in other European countries.
Historians consider the end of the era to be the last quarter of the 16th century and, in some cases, the first decades of the 17th century.

The revival is divided into 4 stages:
Proto-Renaissance (2nd half of the 13th century - 14th century)
Early Renaissance (beginning of the 15th - end of the 15th century)
High Renaissance (late 15th - first 20 years of the 16th century)
Late Renaissance (mid-16th - 1590s)

Age of Great Geographical Discovery (XV century - XVII century)

Reformation I (XVI century - early XVII century)

Part of the Age of Enlightenment

New time

1789 - 1918 (end of World War I)

Part of the Age of Enlightenment
There is no consensus regarding the dating of this ideological era. Some historians attribute its beginning to the end of the 17th century, others to the middle of the 18th century.
In the 17th century, the foundations of rationalism were laid by Descartes in his work “Discourse on Method” (1637). The end of the Enlightenment is often associated with the death of Voltaire (1778) or the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars (1800-1815).
At the same time, there is an opinion about linking the boundaries of the Enlightenment era to two revolutions: the “Glorious Revolution” in England (1688) and the Great French Revolution (1789).

Industrial Revolution (second half of the 18th century -19th century)

19th century

Recent history

1918 - present day

Historical eras in art

Approximate designation of eras in chronological order

Calculation and chronology

The generally accepted chronology in most countries is based on the Christian era (“our era” - from the time of the supposed birth of Jesus Christ).
Our era, AD e. (also called "new era") - the current period of time, starting from 1 year on the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The period preceding it (ending before the beginning of the first year) is the period BC, BC. e.
The name is often used in the religious form “from the Nativity of Christ”, the abbreviated entry is “from R. Kh.”, and, accordingly, “before the Nativity of Christ”, “before R. Kh.”

The zero year is not used in either secular or religious notations - this was introduced by the Venerable Bede at the beginning of the 8th century (zero was not widespread in culture at that time). However, year zero is used in Astronomical year numbering and in the ISO 8601 standard.

According to most scientists, when calculating the year of the Nativity of Christ in the 6th century by the Roman abbot Dionysius the Lesser, a mistake of several years was made.

Centuries by millennia

Centuries and years BC

Which years belong to which centuries

Centuries and years AD

Which years belong to which centuries

see also