How to teach a child to put the correct emphasis. Report "How to teach a child to put emphasis." This means that all the problems with stress are due to the fact that in Russian it is free

A well-mannered person always feels confident in communicating with the most different people. He will not shy away from a professor during a session and will be full of dignity when meeting a public person. What gives him confidence? Perfect command of the native language, when he has the opportunity to speak on equal terms with the most educated people. You cannot consider yourself an intellectual if you are unable to express your thoughts or use inappropriate words in your speech, especially if you pronounce words with errors. Placing the correct emphasis is one of the components of competent and beautiful speech.

Correct literary speech presupposes the implementation of certain rules, among the most significant being stress. Hearing correct speech around him, a child automatically remembers stressed syllables from childhood and usually does not make mistakes when speaking. But as with any rule, there are exception words in stress. There are more than 20 of them in the Russian language. And in order to pronounce these words correctly, you just need to remember them. Moreover, some of these words relate exclusively to the business sphere, where illiterate pronunciation can not only hurt the ear, but also make a depressing impression on business partners.
To prevent this from happening, you need to remember that the emphasis in words is as follows: development - development, catalog - catalog, domain - domain, marketing - marketing, means - means. In the word agreement, the emphasis is placed on the last “o” - agreement; in the plural, the correct literary form is the word agreements, and in business life you should use only it. In common parlance, the acceptable form is agreement.

It is completely unforgivable for a person who considers himself literate to make mistakes in everyday speech. Therefore, you need to firmly remember the emphasis in the following words: call - call, more beautiful - more beautiful, thinking - thinking, quarter - quarter, stroke - stroke, provision - provision, petition - petition.

Language, like everything that surrounds us in life, tends to undergo changes from time to time. New forms are introduced, old ones fall out of use. This is especially indicative of such words as cottage cheese - the more preferred form is cottage cheese, although cottage cheese is considered acceptable, but a more colloquial and outdated form of using this word.

The word deserves special attention. The fact is that we pronounce it very often, and just as often we make mistakes. You can often hear “About money, money, money.” But these are outdated and outdated forms of pronunciation. Modern literary norms suggest a completely different emphasis in words - about money, money, money. However, in sayings it is correct to use the old form, for example, “Money doesn’t buy happiness.”

If you have children in your family or Russian is not your native language, be sure to get a dictionary. Look into it more often and teach your children to do it. At a minimum, you are guaranteed correct pronunciation and spelling of words. Deep and strong knowledge of the language is the basis for confidence in communication, which will attract your interlocutors. So try to speak correctly!

U modern man There are many opportunities to learn how to speak correctly and beautifully. And these opportunities cannot be neglected. Competent speech attracts interlocutors, arouses interest and builds respect for the person.

During the lesson, parents often notice that their child puts the emphasis on words incorrectly. You can correct the situation quickly enough by using fun educational games. In this article you will find several examples of exercises that will help your child master this difficult task.

How to teach a child to put stress in words correctly?

Games such as:

1. “Try calling!” Choose animal names consisting of two syllables - cat, mouse, hedgehog, and so on. Invite your child to “call” the animal, stretching out the place with the accent, for example, “ko-o-oshka.” A little later, the task can be complicated by choosing words of three or more syllables. This exercise will help teach your child how to determine stress in both disyllabic and polysyllabic words.
2. "Repeat!". Choose any word and say it in a calm tone, and then ask your child to repeat it. After this, shout the same name, and then whisper it, and let the baby repeat your actions.
3. "Corrector". Ask your child various questions, deliberately emphasizing the incorrect emphasis in your voice, for example, “Where is the lamp hanging?” The child must not only answer the question, but also point out the mistake made.
4. "Knock, knock". Together with your child, “tap” the words syllable by syllable with a small hammer, placing emphasis on the place with stress.

In addition, an excellent simulator for developing this skill are syllables on each of them, from which you can form various words. In this case, during the lessons, it is recommended to highlight the cube on which the stressed syllable is written in any way. This way the child will quickly learn to put emphasis on words and will not be confused in the future.

As soon as children enter first grade, they are faced with many new interesting and challenging tasks. The child copes with some quickly, while others turn into a real problem. For example, for many children it is very difficult to correctly determine the stress in a word. You will need:

• - Zaitsev's cubes.

To explain to your child what a stressed syllable is, pronounce the words drawn out, “call” the word. For example, ma-a-a-ama, Ta-a-a-anya, Mi-i-i-isha. At the same time, highlight the stressed syllable, you can even nod your head or sit down. Then show what will happen if you shift the emphasis: mom-a-a-a, Tanya-a-a-a-a, Misha-a-a-a, so that the child can feel the difference. Practice words your child knows, such as his name, pet's name, etc.
First take simple words of two syllables and, together with the child, determine which syllable the stress falls on, the first or second. For kids, just say the words; for older children, write the words on paper or a board. When pronouncing words, tap the syllables, emphasizing the stressed syllable with a louder tap.
Explain to your child that to determine a stressed syllable, you should not divide the word into syllables. Ask him to pronounce the word, stretching out the stressed syllable, but not dividing it into parts. Explain to an older child that stress can only fall on a vowel sound.
If possible, use Zaitsev's cubes, which differ from ordinary ones in that they contain syllables rather than letters. Compose a word of several syllables, ask your child to identify the stressed word and place a cube with a drawn accent mark on it. Of course, help your child at first until he gains enough experience.
Ask your child humorous riddles, for example, who is a hippopotamus or what is a hammer, so that the child learns to “play” with emphasis. Thanks to such fun training, the child gains freedom to control sounds, which is very helpful in reading words and correctly determining stress. Related article How to correctly put emphasis in the words “ease”, “lightened”, “lightened” The baby grows up, gradually becoming acquainted with the world around him, in which everything is unusual and interesting. We, adults, are already accustomed to the routine of life, and often what is difficult for a child causes us bewilderment. When a child first sees a toy, he has no idea what to do with it. An adult needs to be nearby, show what this item is for, and, if there is difficulty, guide the baby’s actions.

You will need:

• - rattles
• - musical toys
• - dolls
• - cars
• — constructor
• - dishes
• — play set of doctor, hairdresser, salesman

Baby's first games.
When a baby is just born, he is not yet interested in toys. You can show them to him as much as you like, but you won’t see a response. It’s just that sounds and touches are of great importance for a newborn at this time.
At about 1.5-2 months, the baby will begin to see his first rattles, bright, ringing, beautiful. And in another month (each in his own time) he will start holding them. Every month new manifestations will be observed in the child’s attitude towards toys.
It is important for adults not to leave the child alone with toys, since for now he can only hold them in his hands, and there will be no play as such. Reveal all the possibilities of the toy to your baby, do it several times yourself and together. Show him how a car rolls, a ball, for example. Soon you will see for yourself that the child has learned to use this toy and performs the actions independently.

We play with children aged 1.5 - 2 years.
From the age of 1.5-2 years, you can role-play various everyday situations with children, for example, preparing dinner, welcoming guests, putting dolls to bed, etc.
You can play not only with a car, soft toys, dolls, but also with several objects at once. It will be very useful to play out simple stories with toys (for example, how a bunny came to visit a hedgehog, said hello, the hedgehog treated the bunny to tea, said goodbye to each other), and then offer more complex ones. Usually, young children enjoy watching such performances, and then begin to show them with great pleasure.
While playing with your baby, let him be in the role of mom or dad, give him the opportunity to express his love for someone and take care of him. This is important because the child receives your love, but his emotions remain uninvolved.
We play with a 3-4 year old child.
At the age of three or four years, children become more conscious. They are already able to convey in the form of a game what they saw or heard (for example, after visiting a cafe, hairdresser, doctor’s office).
From the age of three, you can stage mini-performances with your child based on the plots of books you have read and familiar cartoons, first choosing those that he loves.

You can reproduce it in parts, starting with those events that he remembered better, and therefore liked more.
Already at 3-4 years old it is worth teaching children to play with their peers. But this does not exempt an adult from being present during the game. It may be necessary to reveal actions or help resolve inevitable quarrels and conflicts (which very often arise due to children’s inability to communicate together).

If a child spends a lot of time with other kids, but adults often want to stay away and do not interfere in their games, then he will learn to find mutual language with other children, but playing with them will be quite primitive: pushing, running, bullying.

It is important to prevent the child from getting used to commanding or, conversely, obeying and, growing up, either constantly arguing with other children (“commanders”), or unable to defend their position (“subordinates”).
If you are sending your child to kindergarten, then take the advice of other mothers about choosing an institution. Find a kindergarten that not only has a lot of toys, but also where teachers conduct classes with children and organize their joint games.
Games with a 5-6 year old child.
At 5-6 years old, a child is usually good at acting out scenes from his favorite books or cartoons and various everyday situations. Sometimes you can play with him, giving new stories or playing out various life situations and rules of behavior, for example).

A child at this age, if he does not attend kindergarten, simply needs a playmate - otherwise he will not learn to establish contact with his peers and build communication with them. An adult in this situation cannot replace a child partner, because adults cannot play long enough and communicate with the child differently than a peer would communicate.

Games for children 6-7 years old.
From 6-7 years of age, only occasional adult intervention is allowed, provided that the children have found a common language and learned to play together. If at this age they are just beginning to play together, the adult needs to help negotiate and, if they are timid, encourage them.
At this age, for joint games, children most often choose “Mothers and Daughters”, “Teacher and Children”, “Superman”, “Princesses”, etc.

Pay attention to what your child is interested in and what characters he imitates.
The more varied the content of the role-playing games that children play, the more developed their inner world and soul will be. And on the contrary, his inner world threatens to remain undeveloped and primitive if the games are monotonous.
If adults only buy robots, dolls, soft toys, and monsters for a child, this can lead to the child’s gaming experience not developing and his horizons narrowing. Therefore, always make sure that the toys are varied (monsters and monstrosities are best avoided).

Soft toys and dolls are very necessary not only for girls, but also for boys, as they help the concept of relationships between people. Soft toys calm the child, give him a feeling of warmth and comfort.

Likewise, cars, airplanes and other equipment are necessary not only for boys, but also for girls, since if a girl only plays with dolls, this can lead to a narrowing of her interests and developmental limitations. Involvement only in war games, military toys, “shooting games” and armed conflict can lead to the development of life patterns of hostility.

Excessive addiction to technical toys and rejection of dolls and soft toys often leads to the fact that the child does not know how to establish contact with people in real life.

If you are not sure about the quality of the toy, do not hesitate to ask the seller for a certificate for it. Offer children compromises when playing together, introduce the rule of giving in turns.

Do not impose your help and do not perform any actions for the child. He will ask himself if there are any difficulties, or you will see it. Sometimes a child can offer a solution to a problem that an adult could not even think of. What a wonderful Russian language it is! It is at the same time the most complex and the simplest. With the help of this language we express our feelings, for example, we confess our love, wish for happiness, etc. But a striking property of the Russian language is that not only can any phrase mislead the reader with its duality, but even one word can be understood ambiguously.

Accent in Russian is radically different from the stresses in some foreign languages. If in the most elegant French it is always fixed on the last syllable, i.e. at the end of the word (for example: pardOn, bonjUr), then in Russian it can freely be either at the beginning, at the end, or in the middle; no vowel letter is immune from it.
Strictly speaking, stress is the emphasis of a syllable, with greater force in pronunciation and increasing the duration of the sound. Naturally, only vowels are subject to him.
The vowel sound of the syllable on which the stress falls is called stressed. When forming word forms, the stress can remain stationary (Volk - Volka - Volku) or can move from one syllable to another (list - sheet - leaves).
There are words that do not have stress; in pronunciation they are attached to previous or subsequent stressed words, usually these are prepositions, conjunctions, particles (under the mountain, to me, bring-ka).
In order to determine where to put the stress in a word, it is necessary to inflect it, example: camelYud ( masculine, singular) – camels (masculine, plural).
To find out where to put the emphasis, read the entire sentence in which this word is located and, based on the meaning, you will understand which syllable to emphasize (“Coming out of the forest thicket, I saw a beautiful castle.” - “There was a strong lock hanging on the doors.”).
Please note that in complex words, in addition to everything, there is an additional stress, it is indicated (‘). Example: VODOGRYAZELEPICAL HOSPITAL, Zheleznodorozhny. Related article How to correctly stress the word "sorrel" Division is not at all a simple mathematical operation for child, and therefore the material should be presented in a special way. Here it is important not only to correctly explain the nature of the action itself, but also to create an environment favorable to learning.
You will need:

• -apples;
• -candies.

First of all, keep in mind that at the age at which division by school curriculum, the child is still in the so-called “formal-operational” stage of development. This means that he cannot understand abstract concepts, so behind every explanation there must be a real example that can interest the child.
Before starting to study division, make sure that your child knows the multiplication table well and understands the mechanism by which this mathematical operation is carried out.
Give your child, for example, four candies and ask them to divide them equally between him and you. Then ask how many candies there were and how many people there were. Explain that the candy is divided among people, and then just show the mathematical notation for the action.
Make sure that the child understands the essence of the process by changing the number of objects and people between whom the objects should be distributed.
Show your child the connection between multiplication and division. Let him intuitively feel that this is the opposite effect. For example, by pointing to real example that three times two is six, and six divided by two is three, and so on.
Constantly return to these operations, for example, playing division outside the house. Give your child problems that reflect reality. So, when buying apples, take, for example, six pieces and ask how many apples each member of your family will get. While walking on the street, invite him to share candy among all the children in the yard.
If the child does not immediately understand what is required of him, be patient and look for a way to explain better. But don’t put pressure on him, as you can cause a negative psychological reaction, which will make it difficult for the child to perceive information. In this case, the learning process will take much longer. A syllable is the minimum phonetic unit. It combines sounds of different degrees of sonority. The most sonorous ones perform a syllabic function. The unit must include a vowel sound. Without vowel sounds there can be no syllable. In spoken speech, sounds are grouped into syllables according to the following rules.

Do not mix dividing a word into syllables and hyphenating a word, these are different categories. Syllables are part of oral speech, and transference is written language, grammar. Compare: the idea is the sound of three syllables, i-de-ya. But the word cannot be moved. Look: motley - 2 syllables, but it can be translated in different ways: motley, motley.
When dividing words into syllables, take into account the law of ascending sonority: the beginning of a non-initial (not the first in a word) syllable is built from a weakly sounding one. If a word contains a combination of consonants between vowels, then the syllabic boundary should pass so that the next syllable begins with a less sonorous consonant. For example, say the word “helmet” [ka - ska].
Divide into syllables according to phonetic sound, and not according to how you write. If the syllable is open, that is, ends with a vowel sound, then the division into the syllable will take place after the vowel. For example: dog - so-ba-ka. heap - heap. The syllable boundary will pass at the junction of a sonorant consonant and a noisy one. For example, desk [par-ta].
The syllable division will occur after Y if any consonant follows it. T-shirt [may-ka].
Remember: doubled consonants (between vowels) move into the next syllable. For example, ka-ssa, dro-zhi, gah-mma. BUT, when hyphenating words with double consonants, leave one letter on the line and transfer the other: van-na, long, art.
The law of ascending sonority is not observed in the last syllables of a word: [tsvie-to’k], [l’ie-zhy’t], [go’-ls], etc.
Most often, when hyphenating a word, division into syllables is used, but there are many exceptions to this rule. Don't leave a single letter on a line. Ъ, ь, И - do not separate these letters from the previous ones. For example: detour, foil, bunny. Do not remove the final consonant from the prefix if the root of the word also begins with a consonant. Correct transfer: spill, sign. Do not remove the first consonant from the root. Correctly transfer: attach. Dividing words into syllables is one of the foundations of learning child reading. It is this skill that allows you not only to combine letters with each other, but also to gain an understanding of how letters are made words. Understanding syllables is not always easy for a child, but parents can help the child in this matter.

There is no need to rush too much into the question of how to teach child divide words on syllables. First, the baby must memorize the alphabet and understand the principle of connecting letters with each other. The mistake of many parents is that they try to teach their child to add single letters; this prevents the further division of words into syllables. Accordingly, the process of mastering reading also slows down. The child must read both letters of the syllable in a single merger. This allows you to avoid problems associated with misunderstanding the basic principle of putting words together from syllables.
Once these skills are established, focus your attention child not on words x, but on the sounds he pronounces. Phonetics affects the quality of reading almost more than knowledge of the letters themselves. Invite your child to watch his mouth in the mirror as he pronounces words. This way he will be able to understand that the shape of the lips changes precisely when pronouncing syllables, and not individual letters.
If the baby cannot understand how syllables add up to words, we can suggest a fairly simple method. To do this, the child must be asked to hold his palm in the neck area, under the jaw. The feeling of pressure on the hand allows you to feel the movement of the mouth during pronunciation. The simplest word for setting up an experiment is “mom” or other terms that are accessible and familiar to children’s ears. But also more complex words no less easily laid out on syllables, you just need to be a little patient.
It is necessary to start such training with two-syllable words, since they can be divided into syllables easiest way. Gradually move on to those words m, which consist of three or more syllables, for example “milk” or “cow”. To prevent the lesson from seeming too boring, divide the words into syllables children are best spent in game form. Words arranged into syllables and taken from the usual counting rhymes are perceived much easier. The rules for setting stress in the Russian language are complex and confusing, which gives rise to a lot of problems with mastering orthoepic norms. Adverbs are particularly difficult - there are no rules for “calculating” the correct pronunciation for this part of speech. Therefore, in words such as “white-hot” it is recommended to simply memorize the emphasis.

In accordance with the rules of modern Russian literary language The emphasis in the word “dobela” is on the last syllable, on the vowel “A”:

• white-burnt hair,
• wash the stain white,
• grind the yolks white,
• White hot iron.

This emphasis is given in many reference publications - both special spelling dictionaries, and spelling dictionaries, and explanatory ones. However, in some dictionaries (as correctly, published back in the 20th century) you can also find the “pre-White” norm. This type of pronunciation can also be found in some poems by Russian poets - and it is often confusing.

The fact is that spelling standards can change over time. This happened with the word “white” - once the emphasis on the first syllable was considered correct, but now the pronunciation "dobela" is already considered obsolete. Some orthoepic dictionaries (for example, the reference book “Russian word stress” or the orthoepic dictionary edited by I.L. Reznichenko) even specifically focus the reader’s attention on this, citing along with literary norm“dobelA” is the old version of pronunciation, providing it with the mark “obsolete.” and warning against making mistakes.

How to remember the correct accent “dobelA”

The Russian proverb “You can’t wash a black dog/you can’t wash it white” will help you get rid of doubts about the pronunciation of the word “white-white.” In the word “dog” the emphasis is also placed on the third syllable, and the rhythm of the phrase “dictates” the stress in the word “dobelA”.

Words whose stress is similar to the word “white”

In the Russian language there are a number of similar adverbs (with the prefix “do-” and the suffix “a”), the stress in which will also fall on the last syllable:

• naked,
• red-hot,
• until late,
• additionally
• drunk,
• before dawn,
• before dark,
• before dark,
• daughterA.

At the same time, it cannot be said that stress on the last syllable in such adverbs can be considered a rule: in words such as "clean"

One of important points When teaching a child to read and write, the correct placement of stress in words. In the future, whether the child will learn to write words with an unstressed vowel depends on this skill. Moreover, often Small child puts the emphasis on words incorrectly. Therefore, it is better to start learning in the preschool period.

Preschool children acquire any new knowledge during the game. Among the educational games, you can also look for ones that will teach him how to place stress.

Ways to teach a child the correct stress in words

Game techniques:

1. Even from his school life, every adult knows that the word needs to be called out. The impact sound will sound longer than the others. You can make a “Call” game based on this. You can start with the simplest words: mom, dad, brother or sister's name, friends' names. Over time, the names of animals and then inanimate objects are included in the game. The number of syllables must be increased gradually.
2. Playing surprise will also help teach your child how to identify stress. You need to open your eyes wide and say with an intonation of surprise: “Is this a cat? Is this limo-o-o-n?”
3. You can pronounce the same word with different intonation and voice strength.
4. The French, as you know, put the emphasis in words on the last syllable, and the Poles - on the second. You can play as a foreigner and pronounce words in the French manner. After the game, you must definitely ask the child why we don’t say pan or mom. Another version of the game: an adult speaks like a foreigner with an accent and puts the emphasis incorrectly, and the child corrects him.
5. “Knock-knock” is a game for which you will need a children's hammer. Each word is tapped according to the number of syllables, and when pronouncing a stressed syllable, you need to hit a little harder.
6. Zaitsev's cubes, each of which contains 6 syllables, will help in learning to read and teach the child to put stress on words. When laying out a word, the stressed syllable needs to be highlighted, for example, by placing a board under it and raising this cube above the rest.

The classes are simple and unobtrusive, and the child will no longer have problems with placing emphasis.

Question correct pronunciation and speech perception becomes most acute during the period when a child is preparing for school. And this concerns not only the pronunciation of sounds, but also the placement of emphasis. How can parents teach their child to put the correct emphasis on words if he is constantly confused?

Why is it important?

The placement of stress directly affects the child’s future academic performance. After all, if the accents are placed incorrectly, this entails other troubles:

• new concepts included in a preschooler’s vocabulary will be perceived incorrectly by him, which threatens low grades for literacy;
• the baby does not have a direct connection between the spoken words and the concepts they mean, and this complicates the development of intelligence;
• Difficulties will inevitably arise when learning writing and reading skills.

Modern psychologists say the main reason for this phenomenon is the lack of communication with parents, when the baby himself “figures out” what and how to say. The second reason is the communication of parents with the child in his “children's language”. After all, children learn by imitating in everything the example of the adults around them. If they constantly “lisp” with him and distort his speech, then in the future the child’s incorrect pronunciation will have to be corrected with the help of specialists.

Therefore, it is important to follow two important rules.

1. You should always speak correctly with a preschooler, giving the right example, pronouncing all words clearly, without distortion.
2. The speech environment should be as active as possible: the baby is told everything that is happening, what they are doing, going to do, where they are going, what they see, what is needed for what, etc.

Games to help

If a problem does arise, you can begin to correct it much earlier than the age of six - after about 4 years, when the child learns to compose complex sentences, is actively expanding his vocabulary. By this time, the child needs to be taught to perceive syllables in a playful way (for example, by clapping his hands for each syllable when pronouncing words).

After this, you can teach your child to put emphasis in a playful way. It's fun and doesn't feel like "boring required lessons."

What kind of games should these be? Here are some examples.

• "Call the word." To call someone, the baby will have to draw out the stressed syllable. Show him how to call him: “maaaa-ma”, “koooosh-ka”, “ka-cheeee-li”. Let the child call out objects in which the accent is placed incorrectly. First they take words of two syllables, then three, etc.
• "Hammer". When the baby speaks, tap each syllable on the table with a toy hammer (or better yet, on the knee, so that the child feels that the hammer hit is stronger on the stressed syllable).
• “Guess what the word is?” Pronounce words with the wrong accent, showing your baby that the word is becoming unrecognizable (for example: what is a “wheel”?). Let him correct you. Children often make such mistakes in names. You can practice on them, first distorting the child’s name.
• "Overkill." Invite your preschooler to go through all the stress options in the word (milk, milk, milk), and then choose the one in which the word is recognizable and understandable.
• "Cry and Whisper." Say the problem word. Let the baby shout it first and then whisper it. This avoids chanting all the syllables.
• "Color the letter." If a preschooler already knows how to read, you can invite him to paint over the accented letter.

Show your child that there are words that differ precisely in stress, while having the same spelling (atlas - atlas, circles - circles, castle - castle). This is not only interesting, but also the preschooler will develop a clearer understanding of what emphasis is for.

Paying such attention to stress in words, the child must understand that the stressed syllable will be longer, and the stress can only fall on the vowel sound, because only it can be “sung.”

To make it easier for a preschooler to find a stressed syllable, there is no need to pronounce words, “cutting” them into syllables. The word should sound together, with the stressed syllable extending.

Usually children begin to understand the “melody” of words quite quickly. You just need to pay some attention to this issue, teaching your child how to use it correctly in a playful way. After all, then those around him will be able to understand him more easily, and he will study more successfully at school, feel comfortable in communication, and increase self-esteem.