When to use the present perfect continuous. Present Perfect Continuous - rules and examples. Formation of questions in Present Perfect Continuous

Hello my beloved readers.

What is your favorite tense in English? I bet you haven't even thought about the one we're going to talk about today. But in vain, because the rules of the Present Perfect Continuous are the simplest of all 12 existing ones. Let's bet I can convince you of this today. We are waiting for rules and examples both for schoolchildren, for example 8th grade, and for those who are older.

How is it formed

There is nothing complicated in the order of formation of this time. General principle simple:

Subject + verb to have (has)+ been + predicate ending –ing + objects and circumstances.

Let's look at examples:

I have been helping at the golf competition the whole morning. - I've been helping at a golf competition all morning. (The action continued and only recently ended)

He has been preparing for the test for the whole evening. It's time to eat something. - She was preparing for the test all evening. It's time to get something to eat. (The action continued, but ended)

The most important feature in the formation of the Present Perfect Continuous is the use auxiliary verb have.

1. When we are talking about the first and second person (I, we, you, you, they) - then we put in the sentence the form have.
2. When we are talking about third parties (he, she, it) - then have turns into has.

Let's look at this in detail in the table.

In the negative form, a particle is added to have not.

And to form a question, you need to move have to the very beginning of the sentence.

So, remembering the formation of this time is not so difficult. So let's move on to when it is used in practice.

When to use: beginner level

For beginners, the main thing to remember is two main uses.

• Imagine that the action has already started earlier. It lasted for some time, and by the time the conversation ended. This is one situation.

She has been preparing this cake for 3 hours. - She cooked this pie for 3 hours. (And already finished)

I have been practicing here for seven years. - I studied there for seven years. (But I'm not working at the moment)

• The second use case is when the action has not completed by the time of the conversation, but continues further.

My sister has been decorating the house for a week already. - My sister has been decorating the house for a week now. (But still not finished)

My mother has been talking to my sister on skype for 2 hours already. - My mother has been talking to my sister on Skype for 2 hours. (And still continues)

Another important aspect what you need to understand is that time is still connected to the past . Let's look at an example.

We have been driving since 6 a.m. and haven’t found the house yet. - We've been driving since 6 am and still haven't found the house.

We are driving around the village but cannot find their house. - We drive around the village, but cannot find their house.

In the first case, people started riding in the past and continue to ride today. From the second sentence we see no connection with the past. We're just learning the fact that they're driving around right now and can't find a house.

You may be wondering: how do you know when the action is over? I can only advise you one thing: look at the context of the sentence and the pointers. For or Since serve this time well. If even after this you still don’t understand, try inserting other tenses and take a closer look at the meaning. Most likely, no other tense will fit the meaning of the text.

When to use: “professional” level

• Often the Present Perfect Continuous can be replaced with the Present Perfect without affecting the sentence itself. But still, if you want to emphasize the duration of the action, use the first option.

I have lived there for 11 years. - I have been living there for 11 years. - I lived there for 11 years.

• And in one more sentence you can find both the Present Perfect Continuous and the Past Simple. This usually happens when a conjunction appears in a two-part sentence. since .

I have been practicing yoga since I visited India. - I have been doing yoga since I visited India.

• In the Present Perfect Continuous we can express our dissatisfaction or share criticism, but only about an event that happened once.

She has been crying over him for a few months although he wasn’t such a great love of hers. “She’s been mourning him for months, even though he wasn’t that much of her love.”

Well, my dears, now do you understand this time better? Share in the comments what problems and questions you have - I will be happy to help solve them. And if everything is clear to you, then even more practice awaits you on the page where the test and tests are collected to test you.

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In this article we will study in detail the rules and examples of the Present Perfect Continuous. It expresses a continuous action that has just completed or is still ongoing. We will also compare the Present Perfect Continuous with the Present Perfect, Present Continuous and Past Continuous and let’s figure out in what cases to use them.

Present Perfect Continuous is translated into Russian as “present perfect continuous tense.” Don't be put off by the long title. In fact, figuring it out is not that difficult, especially if you have already mastered the Present Perfect well. Let's start with the formation of the Present Perfect Continuous and then move on to the rules and examples.

Present Perfect Continuous is formed according to the following scheme:

Examples of affirmative sentences in the Present Perfect Continuous:

It has been raining all day long. I'm sick and tired of this weather. - It's raining all day. I'm sick of this weather.
Sorry, I am late. I 've been looking for a parking spot. - Sorry, I'm late. I was looking for parking place.
She 's been talking to her boss since morning. I believe she is in trouble. - She talking with the boss since the morning. Looks like she's having problems.

Examples of negative sentences in the Present Perfect Continuous:

Sorry, I haven't been listening to you. Now I'm all ears. - Sorry, I didn't listen. Now I'm all attention.
He hasn't been working all weekend. He is lying. - He didn't work all weekend. He's lying.
Things have not been going really well lately - Affairs they don't go Very Fine last time.

Examples of interrogative sentences in the Present Perfect Continuous:

Your clothes are all dirty. What have you been doing? - Your clothes are all dirty. What you did?
How long have you been dating him? - How long have you been with him? dating?
Has he been watching series all day? - What is he? watched TV series all day?

Using the Present Perfect Continuous

Now let's talk about when the Present Perfect Continuous is used.

1. We use the Present Perfect Continuous for an action that began in the past and continues in the present. In such proposals we focus on the duration of the action. Pay attention to the marker words of the Present Perfect Continuous: for (during, during), since (from some time), all morning/day/week (all morning/all day/all week), lately (lately ), recently (recently, the other day).

   I have been looking through these articles for two hours but I still can’t find the information I need. - I looking through these articles it's already two o'clock but still can't find the information I need.
   We have been planning our trip since January. - We we plan our trip from January.
   Try it! Julia has been baking this cake all morning. - Try! Julia baked this cake all morning.

2. The second case of using the Present Perfect Continuous is when an action began in the past, lasted for some time and has just or very recently ended. In this case, we focus on the result of the action, which is associated with the present time. But the duration of the action is also a prerequisite for using the Present Perfect Continuous.

   My feet are killing me because I have been walking in these terrible shoes. - My legs hurt terribly because I went in these terrible shoes.
   I 've been waiting for you in the rain! Why are you always late? - I I was waiting you in the rain! Why are you always late?

3. The Present Perfect Continuous is used to construct questions with how long (how long, how much). Such sentences are often translated into Russian in the present tense.

   How long have you been standing here? You didn't have to wait for me. - How long are you here you're standing? You might not have waited for me.
   How long has she been sleeping? It's 11 a.m. already! - How many she sleeping? It's already 11 o'clock!
   How long have they been dating? Will he propose to her or not? - How many they already meet? Will he propose to her or not?

Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect

Let's talk about the difference between Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect. Compare the examples and rules in the table below.

There are verbs that are not used in the continuous form. Since these verbs describe not the action itself, but the state of the object, they are called stative verbs (state verbs). There are many examples of such verbs. To make them easier to remember, we can distinguish the following groups:

• emotions, feelings: love (to love), hate (to hate), want (to want), like (like);
• physical perception: see (see), hear (hear), seem (appear);
• thought processes: know (know), believe (believe), remember (remember);
• possession, possession: have (have), own (own), belong (belong);
• others: be (to be), contain (contain), need (need), etc.

If an action began in the past but has not yet ended, we usually use the Present Perfect rather than the Present Perfect Continuous with state verbs.

How long have you owned this house? - How long have you been own this house?
I 've known him since we were kids. - I I know him since childhood.

Some of the above verbs can still be used in the Present Perfect Continuous, but their meanings will be different. For example: think (think), see (meet, see each other), mean (intend, want), have as part of the expression (to have a shower - take a shower, to have breakfast - have breakfast). Compare:

She has been thinking about your offer all night long. - She I thought about your proposal all night.
I have thought, until now, that you were an honest man. Now I see that you are a cheater. - Until this moment I thought that you are an honest person. Now I see that you are a crook.

I have been having strange dreams for about three weeks. - To me dream I've been having strange dreams for about three months now.
I have had such a problem before. - I have was this problem has happened before.

We have been seeing each other since Christmas. We are in love. - We let's meet since Christmas. We're in love.
I have just seen Derek at the bar. - I just saw Derek at the bar.

In English there are a number of verbs whose meanings are related to process. They are called durable verbs: live (live), work (work), teach (teach, teach), study (teach, study), feel (feel) and others. These verbs can be used both in the Present Perfect Continuous and in the Present Perfect when we talk about actions that began in the past and continue in the present.

Aboriginals have been living here for thousands of years. /Aboriginals have lived here for thousands of years. - Aborigines live has been here for thousands of years.
I have been feeling really depressed lately. /I have felt really depressed lately. - I I feel very depressed lately.
She has been studying psychology for five years. / She has studied psychology for five years. - She studies psychology for five years.

Present Perfect Continuous and Present Continuous

What is the difference between Present Perfect Continuous and Present Continuous? Let's look at the rules and examples.

Present Perfect Continuous and Past Continuous

Now let's look at the difference between Present Perfect Continuous and Past Continuous.

So let's recap the differences between times.

We hope our article helped you understand the rules for using the Present Perfect Continuous. In conclusion, we suggest you take a short test.

Test on the topic “Present Perfect Continuous - rules and examples”

What is the most important thing in studying times? Don't be afraid of them! After all, they don't bite. Try to speak more English, and then you yourself will notice that you don’t even think about where to use this or that tense.
The Present Perfect Continuous tense is pronounced (present perfect continuus), English transcription. In this article you will learn how sentences are constructed in the present perfect continuous. Start studying!

The text below will help you become familiar with commonly used tenses in English.

Jimmy and Peter are best friends. They have been spending time together since they were young boys. Every evening, they get dressed and walk to the market. They have been walking together to the market every evening for the past 10 years.
Lately, Jimmy has not been feeling well. Peter has been walking to the market alone each evening. Then he visits Jimmy at home. He has been bringing Jimmy products every evening for 2 weeks. He hopes Jimmy feels better as soon as possible.

Education Present Perfect Continuous

The Present Perfect Continuous is formed according to the formula:

• subject + have/has/haven’t/hasn’t + been + present participle of main verb
• Subject + have/has + been + past participle of semantic verb. Just and already stands between have/has And past participle.

Examples of sentences with the present perfect continuous tense:

— Jim has been changing tires all morning - Jim changed tires all morning.
— My dog ​​has been trying to open the door – My dog ​​is trying to open the door.
— I've been training since 2003 – I have been training since 2003.

Cases of using the Present Perfect Continuous

The Present Perfect Cont. used in several cases. Below are examples with explanations:

1. Actions that began in the past and continue at the present moment

Example:

— He's been building a shed in the garden since 5 o’clock – He has been building a shed in the garden since 5 o’clock (He started at 5 and is still building it).
— They have been talking on the phone since 9 o’clock this morning – They have been talking on the phone since 9 am.

2. Past actions of a certain duration that have a visible result or effect in the present

Example:

— She has been running– She was running (visible result – she was tired).
- No has been walking all morning - He walked all morning (The result is visible - his legs hurt).
— I feel dizzy because I have been lying in the sun for too long – I’m dizzy because I’ve been lying in the sun for too long.
— Have you been drinking beer? I can smell it – Did you drink beer? I smell beer (An action that recently ended).

• When we use the Present Perfect Continuous for actions that have recently completed, we often use the adverb just.

Example:

— You have got dirt all over your pants.
— Oh, I have just been fixing the lorry.

• Often used lately/recently with Present Perfect Progressive.

Example:

- I'm so hungry. I haven't been eating well lately.

3. Anger, irritation, explanations, criticism

Example:

— Someone has been reading my diary again! – Someone read my diary again!
—Who' s been drinking my orange juice? – Who drank my orange juice!

4. Emphasis on duration, usually with words (for, since, how long)

Example:

- How long have you been teaching Italian? — How long have you been teaching Italian?
— We have been calling to you since this morning - We have been calling you since this morning.

Note : live, work, feel can be used with and Present Perfect Progressive, since the meaning does not change:

-I' we've been living/I' we lived in England for a year.

• Also words work and live, which describe temporary or permanent situations, native speakers use +for/since for a long time, and present perfect continuous for a short time:

— You have worked on Wall Street for 30 years (present perfect).
— You have been working on Wall Street for a week (present perfect cont.).

Companion words (time markers) Present Perfect Continuous

Indicator words, also called signal words, are great for recognizing the present perfect continuous tense in English. Let's look at sentences with auxiliary words in the present perfect continuous below.
How long, for, since, for ages, all day, the whole week, for 4 years, since 1993, lately.

Example:

— I haven’t been playing handball since 2013– I haven’t played handball since 2013.
— The cat hasn’t been eating all day– The cat hasn’t eaten all day.
— My parents haven’t been traveling for ages“My parents haven’t traveled for ages.”

Present Perfect Continuous sentence forms

There are three sentence forms in English that are very simple. Let's look at the examples in the tables.

Affirmative form of the sentence Present Perfect Continuous (Positive or Affirmative sentences)

Shortened form of affirmative sentences:

— I've been waiting for an opportunity for 2 years.
— He's been teaching Ron how to play marbles.

Negative form of the sentence Present Perfect Continuous (Negative sentences)

Short form of negative sentences:

— She hasn't been singing since she was very young.

Interrogative form of the sentence Present Perfect Continuous (Interrogative sentences)

Short interrogative-negative form:

— Has he not been sitting?
— Hasn't has he been sitting?

+Bonus rules and pronunciation of adverbs just/already

Some verbs are not used in the Present Perfect Continuous, then comes to the rescue. The most simple examples with verbs know/be:

— WRONG: I’ve been being here for a minute.
- CORRECT: I've been here for a minute.
— WRONG: I’ve been knowing him for many years.
- CORRECT: I've known him for many years.

Take note: already

Already can be placed at the end of affirmative or interrogative sentences:

- They have already been staying there for forty minutes.
—Have they already been staying there for forty minutes?
— They have been staying there for forty minutes already.
— Have they been staying there for forty minutes already?

Pronunciation of adverbs just/already

In sentences with already/just, it is usually not emphasized by have/has or already/just. The emphasis is on the subject and the present participle:

- The fish has already been cooking for 20 minutes.

But we can emphasize already and just if we want to emphasize that something happened recently:

— The fish must be ready by now. It's already been cooking for 20 minutes.

Remember that the present participle is formed with the ending -ing. However there are a few exceptions:

• Ending - e at the end of the word is not saved, but - ee, —oe, —ye are saved without changes:

— Com e– Coming.
—Agr ee– agreeing.

• The final consonant is doubled in words when the verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant. However -w, -y, -x are not doubled:

—Si t– sitting
—Mi x– mixing

• -L as a final consonant after a vowel is always doubled in British, but not in American:

— Marvel ll ing (British)
— Marveling (American)

• —ie changes to - y:

-T ie–t y ing

Differences between Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect

Many people ask how to distinguish it from the present perfect continuous or vice versa. But in fact, if you look at examples and situations, the incomprehensible becomes clear.

Let's look at the difference between and Present Perfect Continuous.

We use the Present Perfect tense with action verbs to emphasize completed events in the recent past. The present perfect continuous tense is used when we talk about long-term situations that began in the past and are still ongoing.

Compare:

— I've read that huge book you gave me. I finished reading it yesterday - I read this huge book that you gave me. I finished reading it yesterday.
— I've been reading that huge book you gave me. I’ve got another 100 pages to read – I’m reading this book that you gave me. I still have 100 pages to read.

I've read– indicates that the action is completed.
I've been reading– Present Perfect Cont., unfinished action. I'm still reading the book. Continuing activities.

More explanations on the comparison between and Present Perfect Continuous HERE.
Below you will find tasks comparing these two times.

General Table Present Perfect Continuous

Exercises on Present Perfect Continuous

To consolidate the material you have covered, do the exercises below using the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

Exercise 1. Put the verbs into the Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive).

1. I (feel) sleepy all week.

2. It (rain) continuously for the past three weeks.

3. We (look) for that document all day.

4. Someone (wash) clothes in the sink and they are still there.

5. Kathy and Jack (argue) for half an hour.

Answers:

1.Have been feeling
2. Has been raining
3.Have been looking
4. Has been washed
5. Have been arguing

Exercise 2. Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Harry’s skin hurts because he (sit) on the beach for six hours.

2. It (snow). The garden's all white.

3. She (not clean) the staff room yet.

4. They (already/repair) the roof.

5. I can’t find her anywhere; I (look) for her for about 13 minutes.

7. I (wash) the windows, I (sweep) up the leaves, but I (not wash) the dishes yet.

8. What do you (do)? You're covered in flour.

9. Have you got any plaster? I (chop) potatoes for lunch and I (cut) my finger.

10. I think the waiter (forget) us. We (wait) here for over two hours.

Answers:

1. Has been sitting
2. Has been snowing
3. Has not been cleaned
4. Have already repaired
5.Have been looking
6. Have decided, have been thinking
7. Have washed, have been swept, haven’t washed
8. Have you been doing
9. Have been chopping, I’ve cut
10. Has forgotten, have been waiting

Exercise 3. Open the parentheses.

1. I (cycle) and my legs are tired.

2. Who (eat) my biscuits?

3. He must be exhausted. He (train) all morning.

4. They (travel) for months.

5. I (read) that magazine you tape me. I'll give it back tomorrow.

6. Rick (play) tennis since he was a child.

7. I've very tired. We (walk) too fast.

8. You (drink). You can't drive.

9. I (teach) in this school for 10 years.

10. How long have you (exercise)?

Answers:

1.Have been cycling
2. has been eating
3.has been training
4. have been traveling
5. have been reading
6. has been playing
7. have been walking
8. have been drinking
9. have been teaching
10. have you been exercising

Exercise 4. Open the parentheses. Put the verb in the appropriate tense.

1. How long have you (know) Terry?

2. My arms are hurting. I (iron) all evening.

3. You look awful. What (do) all day?

4. He (learn) German words for hours, but he still doesn’t remember all of them.

5. We (not seen) Diana recently.

6. They (cook) all day, but they (finish) yet.

7. My husband is so irresponsible. He (feed) the dog the whole day.

8. I (be) on this island for five months now.

9. I never (read) such a good book.

10. Sarah is very happy because she (move) to a bigger house.

Answers:

1. have known
2. have been ironing
3. have been doing
4. has been learning
5. haven’t seen
6. have been cooking, haven’t finished
7. has not been fed
8. have been
9. have never read
10.has moved

Make 5 sentences using the Present Perfect Continuous. And share them in the comments.

To consolidate the material, watch the dialogue on how this tense is used in everyday life.

Such a long name of the tense form as Present Perfect Continuous Tense (present perfect continuous tense) will undoubtedly frighten those who are just starting to study English grammar. It immediately seems that such a long name hides a very complex structure with many incomprehensible rules. In fact, the opposite is true. If you are already familiar with the tense forms Perfect and Continuous, then this time will seem like a mere trifle to you, because You won’t find anything particularly new either in the design or in the rules of use. As you understand, Present Perfect Continuous Tense consists of a combination of elements from the Perfect and Continuous groups. So, let's figure out what Present Perfect Continuous Tense is.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense, translated as the present perfect continuous tense, expresses an action or event that began at some point in the past and continues up to the present moment of speech, while it can continue at the moment of speech or it could end directly before the moment of speaking.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense is translated into Russian as either present or past tense, depending on whether the action has completed before the moment of speech or is still ongoing.

Like all Continuous tenses, the Present Perfect Continuous Tense is not used with statal verbs (verbs that denote states rather than actions). In such situations, it is replaced by Present Perfect Tense.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense is rarely used both in conversation and in writing.

Rules for the formation of Present Perfect Continuous

Affirmative sentences in Present Perfect Continuous Tense are formed using the auxiliary verb to be in Present Perfect Tense (have/ has been) and the present participle of the semantic verb (verb + ending -ing → Present Participe).

Mean + have/ has been + Present Participe …

Interrogative sentences are formed by placing the first auxiliary verb to have in first place before the subject, the rest of the tense form remains in its place after the subject.

Have/Has + Mean. + been + Present Participe ???

To form negative sentences, the particle not is used, which is placed after the first auxiliary verb to have.

Mean + have/ has + not + been + Present Participe …

In colloquial speech it is common to use abbreviated forms. For example:

• I have → I've
• he has → he's
• has not → hasn’t [ˈhæzənt]
• have not → haven’t [ˈhævənt]

Conjugation table for the verb to try in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

1. If you want to express a continuous action that began in the past tense and is still ongoing in the present. As a rule, in this case, it is necessary to indicate the period of time during which the action is performed. This period can be indicated by verbose expressions, prepositional phrases, etc.:

• for an hour (a month, a week) - within an hour (month, week)
• for a long time - for a long time, for a long time
• since 4 o’clock (yesterday, morning) - from 4 o’clock (since yesterday, in the morning)
• since he returned − since he returned
• lately - recently, recently
• these two weeks − these two weeks
• all this year (my life, day long) - all this year (all my life, all day)

The Russian translation uses imperfective verbs in the present tense. Examples:

• It has been raining since morning - It has been raining since the morning
• They have been waiting for the train for half an hour - They have been waiting for the train for half an hour
• I have been thinking of you since I first saw you - I’ve been thinking about you since I first saw you

2. In special questions (if we are talking about the period immediately preceding the moment of speech) that begin with the words:

• how long - how long, how much time
• since when - since when

• How long have you been waiting for us? - How long have you been waiting for us?
• Since when has she been learning Spanish? — Since when has she been studying Spanish?

3. If you want to express a continuous action that began in the past tense and ended immediately before the moment of speech. Moreover, you want to emphasize the duration of the action and the presence of its result at the moment. The period of time during which the action took place may not be indicated. The Russian translation uses imperfective verbs in the past tense. Examples:

• Come in! I’ve been looking for you all day - Come in! I've been looking for you all day
• Why are you all silent? Have you been talking about me again? - Why are you all silent? Were you talking about me again?
• Her eyes are red. Has she been crying? — Her eyes are red. Was she crying?
• − Why are your lips black? - I"ve been eating blackberries - Why do you have black lips? - I ate blackcurrants

Remember that there are verbs that are not used in the Continuous form. For the list, see the article “Present Continuous Time in English”. In such cases, Present Perfect Continuous Tense replaces Present Perfect Tense. For example:

• He has known her since his childhood - He knows her since childhood

As you have seen, understanding and remembering the functions of Present Perfect Continuous Tense is not at all difficult. Improve your English and stay with us!

Watch the following video lessons on the topic: “Present Perfect Continuous Tense - present perfect continuous tense in English.”

Meaning of Present Perfect Continuous: rules and examples

The tense form Present Perfect Continuous combines the meanings of a long time (Continuous) and a completed time (Perfect). It is used to indicate an action that:

• started in the past
• lasted for some time (not necessarily continuously),
• ended before the moment of speech or is still ongoing.

That is, this is what it is stretched in time an action that began in the past. I will give examples of life situations that fall under this definition. For convenience, all examples will be in the first person.

I have been living in this house for ten years. – I have lived in this house for ten years.

In this example:

• the action began in the past (ten years ago, when I moved into this house),
• lasted for some time (ten years), and lasted continuously.
• still going on (I still live in this house).

Let me give you another example. Often the Present Perfect Continuous form is used with the verb to wait(wait).

I have been waiting for you for three hours. - I've been waiting for you for three hours.

In this example:

• the action started in the past (an hour ago, when I started waiting),
• lasted continuously for some time (an hour),
• ended immediately before the moment of speech (now I’m no longer waiting, because I’ve waited).

Let me give you another example. Here the action does not last continuously.

I have been working here for a week. – I’ve been working here for a week.

It is clear that the action “work” itself did not last continuously for a whole week, days and nights, 24 hours a day. This means that the action regularly, on an ongoing basis took place during this time.

Education Present Perfect Continuous

If you are familiar with other tenses (otherwise there is no point in studying the Perfect Continuosu tenses yet), the formation of the Present Perfect Continuous will be easy to remember. The form is formed using:

Affirmative form

Example sentences:

I have been waiting for you for a long time. - I've been waiting for you for a long time.

She has been living in New Jersey for two years. – She has lived in New Jersey for two years.

Negative form

The negative form is formed using a particle not:

Example sentences:

I have not been sleeping well lately. “I haven’t been sleeping well lately.”

Leopold has not been workingfor the firm since the end of 2012. – Leopold has not worked for this company since the end of 2012.

Question form

Verb in interrogative form have is placed before the subject.

Example sentences:

How long have you been working with Daniel? – How long have you worked with Daniel?

How long have you been driving a cab? – How long have you been driving a taxi?