One of the key grammatical topics is precisely, and this is quite logical, since the verbto do is directly involved in the formation of basic English tenses. In addition, it can perform as many as two functions in a sentence - as an auxiliary verb (not translated in any way) and semantic (meaning “to do”).

What is the difference between using do did does in English?

Let's try to figure out what's different using do did does in English. All three options are forms to do, but are used in different cases. Pay attention to the examples.

That is use of do did does in English language depends on the time, the type of sentence and the person who performs the action in the situation you are talking about.

Use of do in English. Rules

As for the rules themselves uses of do in English, then they are as follows.

1. The use of do in English as a semantic verb.

It all depends on time. There are two verb forms in the simple present tense: to do, the choice of the right one is based on the person who performs the action. As a rule, for he, she, it use does, and for I And plural – do.

In the past tense you just need to take did(verb form to do For past simple). Did Suitable for all persons and numbers. We're definitely lucky here.

2. The use of do in English as an auxiliary verb.

To form a negation or question in the simple present and past tenses, you will again have to resort to did it do. Pay attention to the examples:

That is, for negation in the simple present tense you will need don't (I, we, you, they) And doesn't (he, she, it), and for the question we must endure do or does before the person who performs the action in the sentence. The same thing happens in the past tense, only there are fewer options. Didn't– for negation (all faces), did– for a question (we also put it in front of the face).

The use of do and does in English. How not to get confused?

Sometimes use of do and does in English becomes a real problem. How not to get confused? Let's first look at possible errors.

1. She doesn't do any tasks (wrong! )

She doesn't do any tasks (right!)

Here doesn't already indicates negation and the present tense, and do is a semantic verb

2. Does she does any tasks? (wrong! )

Does she do any tasks? (right!)

Does at the beginning indicated that this is a question and the present tense for she(3rd person singular), that's enough

3. He didn't do it better (wrong! )

He didn't do it better (right!)

After the auxiliary verb it is important to use the infinitive without to

The secret is that after the auxiliary verb there should be initial form. That is, according to the rule, the ending cannot be applied

1. Semantic verb to do (forms: do / does / did). It differs from the verb to make => do in that it means to perform an action, while to make means to produce / make something:

• Doesn't do it every day. => He does this (performs the action) every day.
• Doesn't make good things. => He makes/makes good things. (from here: Made in... => Made in...)

2. Auxiliary verb for the Active Indefinite formula in interrogative sentences (Present / Past):

• Do you speak English? Did she come yesterday? You don't love him, do you?

3. Auxiliary verb for the Active Indefinite formula in negative sentences (Present / Past):

• I don"t (do not) speak English.
• She doesn't (does not) know this man.
• They didn't (did not) come yesterday.
• She loves him, doesn't she? / does she not?
• Didn't you / Did you not see that film?

4. Sometimes used as an auxiliary verb in affirmative sentences. In such cases, it takes place before the subject, and logical stress shifts to words at the very beginning of the sentence:

• Little did he realize that. => He understood almost nothing.
• Only rarely does she come before ten o"clock. => Very rarely she comes / She almost never comes before ten o'clock.

5. Used as an intensifying verb before the predicate in the Active Indefinite form (Present / Past). When pronounced out loud, it is stressed: .

• But he does love you! => But he loves you (no doubt about it)!
• She did come yesterday. => She came yesterday (I'm sure of it).
• I do want to help you! => I want to help you (trust me)!

6. Used as a substitute verb in sentences with a predicate in the form Active Indefinite (Present / Past), when there is no need to repeat the predicate again:

• I know it better than he does. => I know it better than he (knows).
• Didn't promise to help us and he did. => He promised to help us, and he did.
• Didn’t promise to help us but he didn’t. => He promised to help us, but didn’t help.

7. Used to form the negative form of the imperative mood:

• Don"t open any windows. => Don't open any windows.
• Don"t be late. => Don't be late.

8. Used to give the imperative form a hint of insistent request/persuasion:

• Do be careful. => Just be more careful.
• Do come in! => Well, come in!
• Do have some more tea. => Well, have another cup of tea.
• Do let's go to the cinema. => Well, let's go to the cinema.

9. Used in colloquial constructions that represent a reaction to any statement with a predicate in the form of Active Indefinite (Present / Past) and corresponding to Russian Really? and Me/Anyone too.

• – I need money. => – I need money.
• - Do you? So do I. => – Really? Me too.
• – They didn’t come yesterday. => – They didn’t come yesterday.
• – Didn’t they? Neither did my sister. => – Really? My sister too (didn’t come).

Each of us has certain difficulties with their conjugation. Just in case, let me remind you that conjugation is changing the verb according to persons, numbers and tenses. We conjugate Russian verbs without thinking.

For example, the verb "to see"

We are not at all confused by the fact that in the first person (I), the root vowel changes from d to z. We are used to this, and we also need to get used to some of the peculiarities of the conjugation of English verbs.

In this article we will talk about the verb to do(do, perform an action).

As you may have guessed, do and does are forms of the verb to do.

Rule very simple:

in the 1st person singular and plural (I, we), as well as in the second and third person plural (you, they) → DO

in the third person singular (she/he/it) → DOES

The conjugation of the verb to do is presented more clearly in the table.

Let's look at a few sentences with the verb do:

I do teaching for a living. (I teach for a living.)

We do our job with pleasure. (We are happy to do our job.)

You do the same thing every week. Why? (You do the same thing every week. Why?)

They do a lot of different things in their free time. (They do a lot of different things in their free time.)

And sentences with the verb does:

He doesn't exercises every morning. (He does exercises every morning.)

She does her shopping every Wednesday. (She shops every Wednesday.)

Construction of sentences

Let's look at the rules for constructing sentences with to do.

Simple present tense

With pronouns I/you/we/they do is used.

With pronouns he/she/it does is used.

I do my homework.

He does his homework.

Simple past tense

With any pronoun we use did .

They did their homework.

She did her homework.

Past participle

There will always be a done form that comes after to have or to be.

We have done our homework.

Peter has done his homework.

Rules for conjugating the verb to do:

Verb functions

The verb to do in English is one of the most common. This is due to the fact that in grammar it simultaneously performs several functions in a sentence: it acts as a semantic and auxiliary verb, and can also give reinforcement to the verb that comes after it. Let's take a closer look.

Semantic verb

Used in its direct meaning. The dictionary gives the following translations:

a) do, perform, carry out

What are you doing? - What do you do/what do you do?

I do my work. - I'm doing my job.

b) do, do

He did well to accept my invitation. - He did the right thing by accepting my invitation.

What are you going to do in this situation? - What are you going to do/How are you going to handle this situation?

c) create, do

to do wonders/miracles - to create miracles.

d) suit, suit, be sufficient, satisfy the requirements

She has enough money to do her till he end of the month - This money will be enough for her until the end of the month.

that will not do - it won’t do, it won’t work, it won’t do.

Also, the verb to do is a phrasal verb. This means that depending on what preposition comes after it, its meaning changes.

Auxiliary

The auxiliary verb to do in English plays an important role in the formation of interrogative and negative forms and in short affirmative sentences. It has no independent meaning and is only an indicator of time, person, number, voice, etc. The verb to do is used with so-called “action” verbs (these verbs denote certain actions, most of them are come, go, begin, eat, finish, etc).

To ask a question in the present tense, put do or does first, then the subject, followed by the verb “actions”.

When forming a negative sentence in the present tense, you will need don’t, doesn’t, which come after the subject:

Do you like cheese? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. I don't like cheese.

Does he like milk? - Yes, He does. / No, he doesn’t. It doesn't like milk.

To ask a question in the past tense, put did first, then the subject, followed by the verb “actions”.

When forming a negative sentence in the past tense, you will need didn’t, which comes after the subject:

Did you buy this house? - Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

Strengthening the meaning of a verb

When you need to confirm a completed action, highlight a verb, or strengthen oppositions, you can use the verb to do. It can be translated by the words “really, nevertheless, very, of course”, etc.

I do like milk. - I really love cheese.

I do like your dress. - I like your dress!

He didn't do it. - He did it anyway.

The verb to do is one of the most important verbs in the English language. A very large part of the rules English grammar is devoted to the use of the verb do. And without knowledge of these rules, communication in English becomes impossible.

The verb do as a semantic verb.

The verb do in English means “to do some action or work.” In most cases, the English do is similar to the Russian verb "do", but there are a number of difficult cases that you need to know and remember about.

Firstly, you need to understand the difference between the verbs to make and to do. Both of these verbs are translated in the dictionary as do “to do.” But remember this:

• to make – used when an action is performed, having visible results.
• to do – used in all other cases.

For example:

I make a sandwich
I'm making a sandwich.

Make is used because there is a visible result - a sandwich.

Secondly, phrases such as:

• to do crosswords – solve crosswords (rather than do crosswords)
• to do an exam - take an exam (rather than do an exam)
• to do ironing – iron (in in this case, the literal translation of “do ironing” is clear, but sounds clumsy)

should not confuse you. In such cases, do not limit yourself to a literal translation, but look for a word in Russian that has a suitable meaning.

Auxiliary verb DO or 50% of the entire grammar

The verb do in English is used as auxiliary to construct questions and negatives. In these cases, the verb do itself is not translated in any way. To ask a question grammatically correctly, you need to put the verb do before the subject. For example, we have an affirmative sentence:

You like cats.
You love cats.

To get a question from an affirmative sentence, just put the verb to do at the beginning of the sentence:

Do do you like cats?
You love cats? (do – auxiliary verb, like – semantic)

That is, in interrogative sentence the words are in the following order:

• Question word (optional)
• Auxiliary verb do (or one of its forms)
• Subject
• Predicate
• All the rest

The questions have been sorted out. Now I’ll tell you how a negative sentence is constructed. It's almost as simple as that. You need to put two words immediately after the subject - “do not”.

For example, an affirmative sentence:

I like cats.
I love cats.

Let's turn it into negative:

I do not like cats.
I do not like cats.

The English don’t like to talk a lot, so instead of “do not” they use the shortened version “don’t”.

I don't like cats.
I do not like cats.

It should be noted that in some cases interrogative and negative sentences are formed without using the auxiliary verb do. This happens when one of the so-called strong verbs is used as the subject. TO strong verbs refers to the verb to be and all modal verbs except the verb to have to.

Forms of the verb do

The verb to do has 4 forms:

Do And does are used in the present tense did- in the past tense, and done is a past participle that is used in some complex tense constructions.

Pronunciation of the basic forms of the verb to do:

The verb to do has two present tense forms: do and does. This is unusual for English verb. A logical question is “When to use do, and when does?” The rule is simple - does is used in the third person singular, do in all other cases. If the subject is the pronoun he/she/it or any noun in singular, then does is used.

For example, in these cases does is used:

Does he live in Paris?
Does he live in Paris? (Does – auxiliary verb, live – semantic)

Does she live in Paris?
Does she live in Paris?

Does this factory produce toys?
Does this factory make toys?

And in these - do:

Do you live in Paris?
Do you live in Paris?

Do these factories produce toys?
Do these factories make toys?

The second form of the verb do - did used to construct interrogative and negative sentences in the simple past tense (Past simple). In the past tense, we always simply replace the verb do with did:

What did you want to tell me?
What did you want to tell me? (did – auxiliary verb, want semantic)

Compare with Present Simple:

What do you want to tell me?
What do you want to tell me?

In negative sentences, contractions are also used in the past tense. Instead of “did not” they usually say “didn’t”:

I didn’t see him yesterday.
I did not see him yesterday.