Notes on femp nodes. senior, preparatory group. generalization of knowledge about geometric shapes. Summary of a preparatory group lesson for children with visual impairments “polygons” Polygons for preschoolers preparatory presentation
Tatiana Pivovarova
Abstract of the GCD for FEMP “Circle in the Land of Polygons” for children of the preparatory group
Target: expand view children about geometric figures.
Tasks:
Educational: consolidate knowledge children about geometric figures, give new knowledge and polygons. Practice quantitative and ordinal counting within 10.
Developmental: develop children's logical thinking, intelligence, attention. Develop the ability to understand learning task and do it yourself.
Educational: to educate children interest in mathematics. Educate children feeling of kindness, empathy.
Materials for direct educational activities: geometric figures-dolls made of cardboard, with a painted face, with an elastic band at the back for attaching to hand: red circle, pentagon, trapezoid, square, blue polygon with many sides and with a crown; tape recorder, cardboard "Houses" polygons, "castle", a picture with an oval lying on the bed, "a note circle» from several numbered sheets, scissors by quantity children, pencils, sheets of paper, squares of white paper, sheets of paper with drawn hexagons by number children, "money polygons» - beautifully painted cardboard triangles, "ticket to the palace", cardboard "steps" to the palace, matches, plasticine.
Progress of continuous educational activities:
"Appears" (introduced by the teacher) game character: big red circle(the teacher speaks for all the characters-geometric figures, and he also reproduces the characters’ movements). Sings: “I have no corners and I look like a saucer, like a medal, like a pancake, like an aspen leaf... Who are you, where are you going?” come on? We were 3 brothers - 3 cheerful circle. We had fun all day long, spinning and rolling. But one of my brothers began to be lazy, did not want to roll, a lot of sleep and just lie in bed. His sides sagged, and he ceased to be all around. He now looks like a big yellow melon and has trouble rolling. (Task No. 1). What kind of figure do you think he has become? (oval) Showing a photo (picture – oval on the bed). And my other friend disappeared a few days ago. He went for a walk in the mountains and did not return. You don't know where my brother is? Haven't you met him? Have you seen anyone like me?
One kind figure sent me a note telling me where to look for my brother - blue circle. But it is encrypted, you need to put the pieces of paper in the order of the numbers, but I don’t know how to count, I circle, from geometric figures only polygons they know how - they have sides and angles and they constantly count them. Can `t you help me? (Task No. 2). Hands out leaflets to children, children lay them out and read the phrase "Search in the kingdom polygons» .
Circle: Strange. Let's go to the kingdom polygons? Let's close our eyes, there is a very bright light on the border. (Children with their eyes closed walk to the music on the spot).
Circle: here we come. This is someone's house, let's knock. Who is that sitting inside in the dark? "Master of the House" answers - I don’t even know who I am... In our country The more angles, the better. I was a square, and at night a mouse bit off a corner of me and now I’m embarrassed. Can you find out what kind of figure I have become? There are scissors and paper squares near my house. (Task No. 3). The children find out what he has become figure: cut off a corner of paper squares and count the angles of the resulting figure - this is a pentagon. Pleased "pentagon" appears, thanks, and advises to go to his neighbor - the quadrangle.
They got there, they knocked, he didn’t open, he asked me to guess what kind of guy he was. quadrilateral: not a square, its top side is smaller than the bottom, and the sides are the same. I am a quadrangle-lady! (Task No. 4).Near the house there is paper and pencils. Children draw and guess - this is a trapezoid. Trapezium comes out and sadly says that her house will soon collapse, she needs a new one. The children agree to help.
Fizminutka:
One two three four five. (Children do jumping in place)
Let's build and play.
We are building a big, tall house. (Stand on tiptoes and stretch arms up)
We are installing windows and roofing. (Show your hands to the window, the roof - clasp your hands above your head).
Triangular roof, higher. (Stretch again.)
We stack the logs together, (Turns with straight arms extended)
We will paint the door evenly. (Tilts)
We make a window in the basement,
so that the cat catches mice. (Squats).
That's it, master, come in and look at your house.
Trapezoid: Well, thank you! You need to ask where to look for your brother circle, in the royal palace. Our King, Chief polygon, knows everything that is happening in his kingdom. Take these 9 treugs - that’s the kind of money we have, and go buy a ticket at Uncle Kvadrat’s shop.
Uncle Square: Hello children! A ticket costs 1 hexaug, and you have treugs...I got old and forgot how many treugs are in a hexaug. (Task No. 5) Try to divide the hexagon into equal triangles yourself, here are some pieces of paper with drawn hexagons and pencils. I just remember that you need to connect the vertices of the hexagon. Children perform exercise: (2 ways - with the lines crossing in the center, or 2 side triangles are immediately drawn, and the remaining square is divided into 4 more parts.) Let's count: 6 triangles.
We buy a ticket and go to the palace. We find it on the ticket inscription: only the one who is placed on each step can enter matchstick polygons, from smallest to largest by number of steps (6 steps). Circle invites the children to break into pairs and agree on which pair will make which figure. Circle asks, how many matches do you need to take to make a pentagon and a hexagon? Do children know the main secret? polygons? (As many angles as there are sides). (Task No. 6). Children make polygons from matches and plasticine and place them in order on the steps.
We enter the palace. Who is coming to us? Main polygon.
Circle: This is my brother? How did you get here?
Former blue the circle tells: I fell from the mountain, and while I was rolling, pieces broke off and it turned out to be a thousandgon. Polygons found me and immediately made me a king, because there were so many angles in their no one had in the country! Now the king countries of polygons – polygon with a huge number of sides, it looks like circle. It turns out that the more polygon sides, the more it looks like circle!
Red the circle thanks the children: Thanks guys for your help! I found my brother, I couldn’t have done it without you!
Publications on the topic:
Summary of the GCD for FEMP in the second junior group “Night. One is many. Circle": Cognition Blim - Section: FEMP Tayryby - Topic: Night. One is many. Circle. Masata - Goal: Continue to introduce.
Summary of the didactic game-lesson on FEMP “Circle” in the second junior group Elena Ochchurova Summary of the didactic game-lesson "Circle in the second younger group. Goal: To clarify children’s knowledge about geometric shapes.
Summary of the final integrated lesson on FEMP and English in the preparatory group “Alice in Wonderland” Prepared by: Margarita Aleksandrovna Machula Topic: Alice in Wonderland Purpose: formation of elementary mathematical concepts. Educational.
Synopsis of the direct educational program on FEMP with children of the middle group “In the Land of Geometric Shapes” Objectives: Identify the acquired knowledge, ideas, skills that children received during school year. Improve your ability to relate.
“Lines” - Take the threads. Conditions for students to master basic concepts. Examples broken lines. Draw a closed line. How many links does this broken line have? How to measure the length of a curved line. Examples of lines. What is a line? Let's take a straight line. Look at the lines. Measuring the length of a broken line is much easier. Visual models.
“Flat geometric shapes” - Riddle. All four sides are the same length. Every angle in it is right. Three corners, three sides, May be of different lengths. Who am I, friends? I have no corners, And I look like a saucer, Like a plate and like a lid, Like a ring, like a wheel.
“Introduction to geometric shapes” - Introduction to geometric shapes. Kingdom. What is a square? Physical exercise. What is a rectangle? Residents of the "Kingdom of Geometry". Difference. Geometry. How many clown fish live in an aquarium? Find a square. Four sides. How many squirrels lived by the lake. Right angle. Second grader. Beads. Rectangle.
“Polylines and polygons” - Questions. Oral work. Broken polygons. Start and end points. Consolidation of new material. A figure formed by a finite set of line segments. Let's look at the pictures. Plane. Sum of lengths The sides of which broken line do not have self-intersection points. Simple broken lines. Polygons are divided into triangles.
“Broken line” - Triangle. Look at the drawings of Katya and Petya. Turn Vova's notes into true equalities. Which figure is “extra” in Petya’s drawing? Equalities and inequalities. What groups can these figures be divided into? Broken. Mathematics. Writing numbers. Closed broken line. What would you call this figure?
“Curved and straight line” - How can you continue a series of figures. The point split the straight line into two parts - two rays. We draw a straight line along the ruler. Straight and curved lines. Compare the number of figures in groups. Mathematics. Which figure is “extra” in the picture? Ray. What names could you come up with for the lines? Help Katya and Lena break the lines in the drawing.
There are 19 presentations in total
Sections: Working with preschoolers , Corrective pedagogy
Educational objectives: Consolidation of knowledge about polygons. Clarification of the characteristic features of polygons: sides, angles, vertices.
Corrective and developmental tasks: Formation of the ability to draw and arrange polygons in a row using a geometric stencil ruler. Development of combinatorial abilities, the ability to transform figures in different ways (cutting corners, placing figures on top of each other). Development of mental operations: analysis, synthesis, comparison; visual, auditory attention, hand-eye coordination.
Educational objectives: Developing friendly relationships, the ability to work in a subgroup.
Material: Envelope, demonstration flannelgraph, geometric shapes for placement on the flannelgraph, leaves, geometric rulers, markers, pencils, three squares, scissors for each child.
Preliminary work: Compiling and guessing descriptive stories - riddles about geometric shapes (circle, oval, triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, etc.). Distinguish and name geometric figures and compare them.
Individual work: Help in drawing polygons in increasing sequence, starting with the shape with the fewest angles and sides.
Progress of the lesson
I. Organizational moment
– Guys, I received a letter from Pinocchio, he asks us to help him “figure out” polygons and complete interesting, exciting tasks. His teacher Malvina gave him various difficult tasks, but he himself cannot cope, so he asks us for help. Let's help Pinocchio. (Yes)
I read a poem:
Every day - always, everywhere,
In class, in play,
We answer boldly and clearly
And we help each other!
– I suggest you first answer what polygons are. But before you answer, let each of you take any polygon from the geometric panel.
(Children answer, name their chosen figures, and then the teacher generalizes with the children: “That all figures that have three or more angles, vertices and sides are called polygons”)
The teacher opens the envelope and reads the first task - riddles.
2. Riddles “Recognize the figure.”
Children place the guessed figures on a demonstration flannelgraph.
I have no corners
And I look like a saucer
On the plate and on the lid,
On the ring and wheel.
Who am I, friends?
Call me. (Circle)
Triangle stuck his nose in
Into a jet vacuum cleaner.
I am like an egg
And how simple the letter O is.
I'm almost like a circle - a kid,
I am like a cucumber. (Oval)Angry Spadetail Fish
I bit off half a square -
The whole corner, believe it or not!
Who is he, poor thing, now?
(Triangle)The square stood on the corner -
He poked his nose at the ceiling.
It grew upward for another five days.
What should we call it now? (Rhombus)And he has no nose - oh, God! –
Looked like a skirt.
The most interesting thing is
What is his name now? (Trapezoid)
He's known me for a long time,
Every angle in it is right.
All four sides
Same length
I'm glad to introduce him to you,
And his name is……(square).For this bee figure
There is nothing better in the whole world.
(Hexagon)
On our soccer ball
It is painted black.
(Pentagon)Four corners, like a square I have,
But I dare not call myself a square,
And yet it looks like a square
by the way, two long sides and two
shorter. (Rectangle)Eight flies on the edge of a saucer
They laugh at the spider -
He tied them in a circle
Cobwebs towards each other.
There are eight cobwebs too.
Who can name the figure?
(Octagon)
- Well done, you named the figures correctly, but Buratino asks not only to guess the riddles, but also to answer whether all the guessed figures are polygons, and if not, which ones are “extra”.
Children name extra figures - those that do not belong to the group of polygons (circle, oval) and give reasons for their choice. The teacher removes the “extra” figures from the flannelgraph.
3. Task “Arrange the polygons correctly.”
The teacher takes out blank pieces of paper from the envelope.
– In this task, Pinocchio asks you to draw polygons on pieces of paper using a stencil geometric ruler in an increasing sequence from left to right in a row, starting with the figure with the least number of angles and sides.
The geometric stencil ruler also depicts: a circle, an oval and a semicircle for the complexity of execution.
– You did an excellent job with this task, and now I suggest you do some physical education.
4. Physical education lesson “What did we do?”
Children perform movements according to the text.
On Monday we swam
And on Tuesday they painted.
On Wednesday we took a long time to wash ourselves,
And on Thursday we played football,
On Friday we jumped and ran,
They danced for a very long time.
And on Saturday, Sunday -
We rested the whole day.
5.
"Count" task.The teacher takes out the next task from the envelope.
– In the envelope Buratino sent cards with images of various figures. He asks you to count only the polygons on each card. (The teacher gives everyone a card.) You need to count and write the number with a marker on the back side - the total number of polygons.
6. Visual gymnastics.
We counted the figures (Children blink frequently without straining their eyes)
Our little eyes are tired.
One two three four five,
Let's blink our eyes.
Let them rest a little (Children close their eyes)
And they will start blinking again. (Eyes open and blink as usual)
7. Game “Transform the figure”.
– Pinocchio suggests completing the last difficult task:
Each child has three squares.
- Cut off the corners of the square and name the resulting figure ( hexagon).
- Place two squares on top of each other and glue them together to form a “star”.
Children work together to count the angles, vertices and sides of new polygons.
8.
Summary of the lesson.– The envelope is empty and our lesson ends. Did you enjoy our lesson today?
– We completed all the tasks, did we help Pinocchio?
– Which tasks were easy for you to complete?
– Which tasks were difficult for you?
The guys share their impressions of the lesson, and the teacher reports that all the tasks they completed (cards and resulting figures) will be sent in a letter to Buratino.
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Slide captions:
Polygon
Letter from Pinocchio
TASK 1 RIDDLES
"Recognize the figure!"
I have no corners, But I look like a saucer, Like a plate and a lid, Like a ring and a wheel. Who am I, friends? Call me. CIRCLE
Triangle stuck his nose into the jet vacuum cleaner. I am like an egg, And just like the letter O. I am almost like a circle - a little guy, I am like a cucumber. OVAL
Angry fish tail - shovel Bite off half a square - A whole corner, believe it or not! Who is he, poor thing, now? TRIANGLE
He stood square on the corner and poked his nose into the ceiling. It grew upward for another five days. What should we call it now? RHOMBUS
And he has no nose - oh, God! - Looked like a skirt. The most interesting thing is what his name is now. TRAPEZE
SQUARE He has been familiar to me for a long time, Every angle in him is straight. All four sides are the same length, I’m glad to introduce him to you, And his name is...
For a bee, there is no better figure in the whole world. HEXAGON
Our soccer ball is painted all black PENTAGON
I have four corners, like a square, But I just don’t dare call myself a square, And yet, it looks like a square, by the way, two long sides and two shorter. RECTANGLE
Eight flies on the edge of the saucer are laughing at the spider - he tied them in a circle with cobwebs to each other. There are eight cobwebs too. Who can name the figure? OCTAGON
TASK 2 GAME "WHAT IS EXTRA"
TASK 3 "Arrange the polygons"
VIEW GYMNASTICS
TASK 4 "GUESS - KA"
We are carrying boards up the mountain, We will build a new one...
Winter and summer in the same color
One fire warms the whole world
PHYSICAL MINUTE
TASK 5 "TRANSFORM YOUR FIGURE"
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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Summary of the GCD lesson “Cognition. Formation of elementary mathematical concepts.” Topic: “Generalization of knowledge about geometric shapes”
Author: Elena Aleksandrovna Ustinova, teacher of the pre-school preparation group at the branch of MBOU Sosnovskaya Secondary School No. 1 in the village of Semikino, Sosnovsky district, Tambov region.Description of material: I offer you a summary of a lesson on the formation of elementary mathematical concepts on the topic “Generalization of knowledge about geometric figures.” It will be useful for teachers working with older preschoolers. The lesson outline is aimed at game form generalize the existing knowledge of an older preschooler about geometric figures and their properties.
Educational area: cognition.
Direct view educational activities: formation of elementary mathematical concepts.
Integration educational areas: “Cognition”, “Communication”, “Socialization”, “Health”, “Reading fiction”, “Artistic creativity”.
Audience: The lesson notes are designed for teachers working with older preschoolers, as well as for parents of older preschoolers and children aged 5-7 years.
Target: generalization of previously acquired knowledge about geometric figures and their properties.
Tasks:
teach the ability to find geometric shapes in the surrounding space; visual recognition and transformation of geometric figures, recreating them from representation and description.
promote the development of spatial concepts, figurative and logical thinking, creative imagination;
to cultivate children's interest in geometry and skills of working in groups.
Methodical techniques:
Verbal: explanation, reminder, clarification, assessment of children’s activities, instructions, conversation, artistic expression, questions.
Visual: showing pictures with geometric shapes.
Practical: coloring pictures, highlighting and counting shapes, designing objects according to pre-prepared sketches and templates, working with signal cards, physical just a minute, finger gymnastics.
Gaming: creating a gaming situation.
Problematic: help Masha and the Bear put together a picture, get home.
Integration of areas:
cognition: (to improve children’s counting skills, to practice counting within 10, to teach how to construct objects from geometric shapes, to learn to recognize geometric shapes in surrounding objects);
health: consolidate the acquired knowledge with children through a set of games, dynamic breaks, and practical exercises; help improve the overall performance of children, relieve mental stress, and easily switch from one type of activity to another;
socialization: encourage children to engage in a joint play situation with adults, develop emotional responsiveness and goodwill;
communication: master basic skills of speech etiquette;
fiction: reading poems and riddles about geometric shapes;
artistic creativity: drawing kittens using geometric shapes, coloring books with colored pencils.
Equipment:
for the teacher - computer, projector, multimedia board, pictures of geometric shapes, visual aids with shapes, pictures with fairy-tale characters;
for children - coloring books, colored pencils, a set of geometric shapes-templates, cards with numbers.
Direct educational activities.
1. Org. moment.
- Guys, you came to our lesson today. fairy-tale heroes Masha and the Bear.
They did not come empty-handed, but prepared tasks and questions for us to which we must find the correct answers. If we answer correctly, we will earn prizes from our heroes.
1) Riddle:
My little brother, Seryozha,
Mathematician and draftsman -
On Baba Shura's table
Draws all sorts of... (figures)
- Our lesson is devoted to geometric shapes. Let's remember what geometric figures we know (the teacher shows drawings of the figures and reads a poem).
He's been my friend for a long time,
Every angle in it is right,
All four sides are the same length
I’m glad to introduce myself to you, but my name is... (square!)
We stretched the square
And presented at a glance,
Who did he look like?
Or something very similar?
Not a brick, not a triangle -
It became a square... (rectangle).
Three peaks are visible here,
Three corners, three sides, -
Well, perhaps that’s enough! -
What do you see? - ...(triangle)
The wheel rolled
After all, it looks similar
Like a visual nature
Only for a round figure.
Did you guess it, dear friend?
Well, of course, this is... (circle).
A watermelon slice is a semicircle,
Half a circle, part of it, a piece.
Knowing about forms is very important, friend.
No wonder it is among these lines!
If I took a circle,
I squeezed it a little on both sides,
Answer children together -
It would turn out... (oval)
The triangle has been filed
And we got the figure:
Two obtuse angles inside
And two spicy ones - look.
Not a square, not a triangle,
And it looks like a polygon (trapezoid).
Slightly flattened square
Invites you to identify:
Acute and obtuse angles
Eternally bound by fate.
Have you guessed what it's all about?
What should we call the figure? (rhombus).
Six obtuse angles inside
Look at the figure
And imagine that from a square
We got his brother.
There are too many angles here
Are you ready to name him? (hexagon)
We're getting down to business again
Let's study the body again:
Maybe he'll become a ball
And fly a little.
Very round, not oval.
Did you guess it? This is... (ball).
How can we not turn it around?
There are exactly six equal faces.
We can play lotto with him,
Let's just be careful:
He is neither affectionate nor rude
Because it's... (cube).
Cover on top, bottom on bottom.
Two circles connected
And we got the figure.
What should we call the body?
We need to quickly guess (cylinder).
Here is the cap on the head -
This is a clown on the grass.
But the cap is not a pyramid
This is immediately obvious, brothers:
Circle at the base of the cap.
What should he be called then? (cone).
The Egyptians put them together
And they crafted it so cleverly,
That they stand for centuries.
Guess for yourself, children.
What kind of bodies are these?
Where is the top visible to everyone?
Did you guess it? Because of the view
Everyone knows... (pyramid).
It looks like a bucket
But a completely different bottom:
Not a circle, but a triangle
Or even a hexagon.
The body is very capricious,
Because it is... (prism).
2) Logical tasks:
Name the figures. Which one is the odd one out? Why? Name the color of each shape.
- What do these figures have in common? What is the difference? Find two identical figures. What signs of triangles do you know?
- What are the names of the figures? What do they have in common? Which figure is the odd one out and why? Which of the figures is the largest? Which one is the smallest?
2. Physical education (performed according to the drawing on the board)
How many points are there in this circle?
Let's raise our hands so many times.
How many sticks are there to the point?
We'll stand on our tiptoes that much.
How many green Christmas trees?
We'll do so many bends.
How many circles do we have here?
We'll do so many jumps.
3. Game “Fold the picture”.
- Masha and the Bear offer to put together pictures of geometric shapes using ready-made cards. To do this, we will split into two groups. Each group will create their own picture. But first, let's take a closer look at the cards. Name the geometric shapes from which the pictures are composed. How many figures are there in total? What color are the figures? First you need to put the picture together, looking at the card, and then from memory.
4. Riddles from Masha and the Bear.
Look at the figure
And draw in the album
Three corners. Three sides
Connect with each other.
The result was not a square,
And beautiful... (triangle).
I am a figure - no matter where,
Always very smooth
All angles in me are equal
And four sides.
Kubik is my beloved brother,
Because I... (square).
He looks like an egg
Or on your face.
This is the circle -
Very strange appearance:
The circle became flattened.
It turned out suddenly... (oval).
Like a plate, like a wreath,
Like a cheerful bun,
Like wheels, like rings,
Like a pie from a warm oven! (circle)
Slightly flattened square
Invites you to identify:
Acute and obtuse angles
Eternally bound by fate.
Have you guessed what it's all about?
What should we call the figure? (rhombus).
This figure is the brother of our square
But only two sides are equal,
And the angles are all the same... (rectangle)
It's a month in the clouds
And half an apple in your hands.
If you suddenly break the circle,
You will get... (semicircle).
5. Finger game“Kittens” (author: Pakhomova E.V.)
(We fold our palms, press our fingers together. Elbows rest on the table)
Our cat has ten kittens,
(We shake our hands without separating them).
Now all the kittens are in pairs:
Two fat, two nimble,
Two long, two tricky,
Two little ones
And the most beautiful ones.
(Tap the corresponding fingers against each other from the big to the little finger).
- Compare the kittens. How are they similar and how are they different?
- Count how many triangles there are in the picture?
- How many circles?
- Try to draw your kittens. You can use other shapes.
6. Practical work “Geometric coloring”.
- Masha and the Bear ask you to color the picture with colored pencils and count how many geometric shapes you have found.
- How many circles?
- How many triangles?
- How many squares?
- How many rectangles?
7. Test of knowledge.
- Children, Masha and the Bear really liked how you worked in class today. They have prepared a surprise for you. And now they need to go to Return trip. But our heroes forgot the way. Let's help them get home. And a map on which objects are depicted as geometric shapes will help us with this.
- How do we get across the river? (by bridge or boat)
- What geometric shapes did we see? (semicircle, trapezoid)
- What figure is the path in the forest depicted in? (curved line)
- On the way we came across a lake, what figure is it depicted with? (oval)
- Does the path around the lake lead past a flower meadow? What figure is she depicted in? (around)
- So we came to the Bear's house. What figure represents the fence near the house? (broken line)
- What figures is the Bear's house made of? (rectangles, triangle, circles). Well done guys, you did a great job!
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