Pronunciation lesson notes. Stages of learning correct pronunciation. Practice articulation when pronouncing consonants

The science of speech defects, studying ways to eliminate them, as well as special exercises for the language - speech therapy. Not only children, but also adults turn to this science in order to pronounce sounds correctly and beautifully and to be successful in any business where they need to convince, inspire, and share information with other people. To correct speech defects, regular speech therapy exercises are used for children and adults.

Some parents face speech problems in their children

In our article you will find useful tips and for yourself to acquire the skills of correct articulation, as well as a lot of valuable techniques for correcting the pronunciation of sounds by your children.

In order to achieve high results in business and have the ability to persuade, it is necessary not only to speak impeccably, but also to express your thoughts clearly and legibly. Not everyone can immediately master this science, so there are various practices to improve skills.

Speech therapy exercises for adults

Speech is unclear in adults, too, so ask your friends if you have any pronunciation problems. You can simply record a few phrases on a voice recorder and then listen carefully to your voice.

There are speech therapy exercises for adults, the main of which is memorizing and studying tongue twisters. If for children it is better to offer in game form, then it is enough for adults to give a task to practice the skill.

Problems with pronunciation in most cases are easily corrected after a course of regular lessons

So, everyone must follow the following rules during training:

read the tongue twister 3-4 times;
repeat it slowly, pronouncing it clearly and distinctly;
when you can pronounce everything correctly, you can speed up the pace;
it is important to pronounce all sounds efficiently, and not quickly;
short tongue twisters need to be spoken in one breath.

The same tasks are suitable for adults and children:

clink your tongue, imitate a horse galloping;
smile and try to reach the roof of your mouth with your tongue;
imagine that you are licking honey from your lips without touching the corners of your lips;
press your tongue between your teeth and move it up and down.

To make sure the tasks you perform are correct, use a mirror. To track your progress, read an excerpt from a story with an expression or a poem, paying attention to all punctuation marks.

Speech therapy exercises for children

All speech therapy exercises for children should be performed unnoticed by the baby, so that it is all a serene pastime in a playful way.

You can come up with funny names for each task, because the child loves associations, sometimes the most unexpected ones. So, the kids will like such as “Horse”, “Chickens”.

Having identified problematic sounds, you can select certain exercises to correct the problem.

Completing tasks contributes to the development of the baby’s articulatory apparatus, allows you to eliminate pronunciation defects and form the necessary speech skills.

“Gate”: you need to open your mouth wide to relax your lips, repeat 6 times.
“Spatula”: you should place your tongue on your lower lip.
“Vase”: place the tongue on the upper lip, repeat 5 times.
“Ball”: inflate one or the other cheek, as if a ball is rolling in the mouth.

Your child’s pronunciation will be clear if for training you take words with a large number of consonants: plate, girlfriend, foreign tourist, karateka, bunch, bed, mug, jump. They need to be spoken out daily and trained to hear every sound.

Speech therapy exercises for hissing sounds

Children often fail to pronounce sibilants correctly for a long time; sometimes they need to practice until school. It’s good if the child’s environment speaks and can correct the child’s pronunciation. Let's consider which speech therapy exercises for hissing sounds are most relevant. They are suitable for both adults and children, if such problems exist.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter w

It is important to know what to do when articulating. So, first we round the lips and round them, the teeth do not close, the edges of the tongue are pressed against the teeth, and it itself forms a scoop. We exhale air with the addition of a voice when pronouncing the hissing sound.

Here are the basic speech therapy exercises for the letter w:

“Accordion” to strengthen the muscles of the tongue in a vertical position: open your mouth, smile, and press your tongue to the roof of your mouth. Open and close your mouth 5 times.
“Pie”: open your mouth and smile, curl your tongue, lifting the edges. Count to 15 and then repeat.

Classes to correct the pronunciation defect of the sound z

They can also be used when training the pronunciation of other sibilants.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound h

There are also speech therapy exercises for the sound h:

“Mushroom” for stretching the hyoid frenulum: open the mouth, stretch the lips, and touch the palate with the tongue so that its edges are pressed tightly. Repeating, you need to open your mouth wider.
“Trick”: stick out your tongue, smiling, lift the tip, blow the cotton wool off your nose. Repeat 5-6 times.

Such exercises help strengthen the muscles of the tongue and develop its mobility, which is useful when pronouncing hissing words.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter w

There are also speech therapy exercises for the letter w:

“Cup”: place your tongue on your lower lip, then lift it and hold it for a few seconds. Repeat 8 times.
“Football”: stretch out your lips with a straw and blow on cotton wool in the shape of a ball, trying to get into an improvised goal.

Lessons to correct problems with sound

These tasks should be completed during games every day so that the child’s articulatory apparatus develops and pronunciation improves.

Speech therapy exercises for consonants

Often, both adults and children have difficulty pronouncing certain consonants, so speech therapy exercises for consonant sounds are needed to correct speech.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter L

Let us now consider speech therapy exercises for the letter l:

“Train whistle”: stick out your tongue and make a loud “ooh-ooh” sound.
“Tongue song”: you need to bite your tongue and sing “lek-lek-lek.”
“Painter”: you need to press your tongue with your teeth and move it up and down, as if you were painting a house.

Practicing movements for the correct pronunciation of the sound l

If the training is intended for children, then you can come up with a game in which you will need to complete these tasks.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter c

Let’s now look at speech therapy exercises starting with the letter c:

show how a pump inflates a tire;
depict how the wind blows;
convey how a balloon deflates;
show what you can hear if you blow into a bottle with a narrow neck.

In order to bring the child closer to understanding what they want from him, put a toothpick on his tongue and ask him to press it with his teeth, smile and blow out air.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound r

Let's find out speech therapy exercises for the sound r, which is the most problematic for all children:

“Brushing your teeth”: you need to move the tongue along the inside of your teeth in different directions.
“Musician”: with your mouth open, drum your tongue on the alveoli, saying “d-d-d”, reminiscent of a drum roll. You can check the correct execution by holding a piece of paper to your mouth. It should move with the air flow.
“Dove”: you need to move your tongue back and forth along the upper lip, copying the bird “bl-bl-bl”.

Training for the correct pronunciation of the sound p

These training tasks will help overcome the most difficult sound for babies, as the articulatory apparatus will be more mobile. After this, you can begin to select words with the letter r.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound t

Sometimes simple sounds are difficult for people to pronounce correctly when it is difficult to understand the meaning of a word or even a statement. Such problems must be dealt with. And here are the most effective speech therapy exercises for the sound t:

the tip of the tongue touches the upper teeth and pronounce “t-t-t”;
imitating a knock-knock hammer or a tick-tick clock;
we walk along the road with the baby, repeating “top-top-top”;
learning the tongue twister “Dust flies across the field from the clatter of hooves.”

How to do exercises for correct pronunciation of the sound t

It will also be useful to repeat these exercises every day in order for the training to be effective. Watch what your baby listens to, as speech is formed depending on how we perceive sounds by ear. Make sure that all family members do not lisp or use words in a diminutive form in front of the baby.

Speech therapy exercises for stuttering

All speech therapy exercises for stuttering are aimed at developing fluency of speech. Try to relax your child before classes, use play forms of work that are most appropriate in childhood.

Let's take a look at the most necessary tasks in such a situation:

Read the poem to calm music without words, small at first, and over time complicate the task.
Clap your hands for the vowel sounds that appear in the word.
“Conductor”: chant a few words, syllables, vowel sounds, focusing on waving your arms and observing the rhythm.
“Carousel”: you need to walk in a circle, repeating the phrase “We are a funny carousel oops-opa-opa-pa-pa.”

Remember that you must pay attention to speech breathing during classes. Start each session gradually and smoothly, and then you can speed up the pace if everything works out for you.

Problems with speech and articulation can be resolved over time and through daily training, willpower and motivation.

We wish you success!

Most domestic speech therapists agree that learning to pronounce the sound R correctly and fluently is one of the most difficult speech tasks for children. Few of them cope with it independently and on time. However, not only specialists, but also parents themselves can help them. With the help of elementary speech therapy exercises to produce the sound R.

Sound R: right-wrong

The sound R is one of the most difficult sounds in the Russian language. To reproduce it, refined movements of the speech apparatus, sufficient vibration and amplitude of the tongue and other physiological “achievements” are required. It is not surprising that most children experience certain difficulties in forming the correct pronunciation of the sound R.

As a rule, there are not so many options for involuntary distortion of the sound R among the younger generation. The most common children's “bullying” of the sound R:

The sound just skips and falls out. This is especially true for words where the sound R is between vowels: sa_ay(instead of a barn), ha_azh(instead of a garage), ma_oz(instead of frost);
Instead of the sound R, the sound L, Y or Y is obtained: Kojowa(instead of a cow), Luke(instead of hand) klaska(instead of paint), fish(instead of fish);
The sound R is pronounced recognizable, but not typical for the Russian language (bilingual children especially often “sin” with this). A child may pronounce the sound P not “firmly”, as is typical for our speech, but, for example, grate (as is customary in French), or vibrate excessively (which is typical in English).

How to check the pronunciation of the sound R in a child? First, ask your baby to “growl” - in other words, say the sound R several times on its own, and not as part of any words. Then have the child repeat after you words like: crow, king, grass, order, etc. If the child is unable to pronounce the single sound R, then the first thing you have to do is to practice exactly this - teach the baby to pronounce the sound R by itself. If the child “growls” “excellently”, but pronounces the sound R incorrectly in words, then correct pronunciation should be practiced primarily in the syllables: ra-ro-ru-ri-ar-or-ir, etc.

Release the R sound from the reins

Since the article deals specifically with “home” exercises for producing the R sound in children, the first step is to remind you: even if you, full of parental love and speech therapy enthusiasm, decided to independently teach your baby to roar loudly no worse than a tiger cub and without embarrassment declare a rhymed story about a bitten Greek at family matinees, then you still need at least one, initial, consultation with a professional and experienced speech therapist.

The fact is that often the inability to correctly pronounce the sound P is explained not so much by a poorly developed articulatory apparatus, low mobility of the tongue and similar problems, but by the individual structure of the hyoid ligament - the so-called “frenulum”. And only a doctor can determine this nuance.

In most cases, the underdevelopment of the “frenulum” (due to which the baby’s tongue simply does not reach the upper palate, which makes it difficult to pronounce a number of sounds, including the sound R) can be leveled through daily exercises and special massage. But sometimes there are cases when this ligament needs to be trimmed in order for the tongue to acquire the proper range of motion. It is this dilemma - to cut or not - that a speech therapist can resolve. Moms and dads, don’t worry - modern doctors in most cases are inclined to the method of stretching the “frenulum” by performing special speech therapy exercises, including exercises for producing the sound R.

Other reasons for incorrect pronunciation of the sound R

Inactive articulatory apparatus. NOTE: In this case, you should focus not so much on directly producing the sound R, but on... grimacing! In a playful way, stimulate your baby to actively “move in the mouth” - let him stick out his tongue, twist it into a tube (children love this!), try to reach his nose or chin with his tongue, move his jaws, bare his teeth, stretch his lips in an “ah” smile. la Cheshire cat” and so on and so forth. All these funny pranks will quickly strengthen the facial muscles and develop the mobility of the speech organs.

Phonemic hearing impairment. NOTE: As a rule, phonemic hearing disorders (when a child hears the speech structures of adults, recognizes them and tries to reproduce them in his speech) manifests itself in the fact that a child aged four or more misses letters/sounds in words when speaking or reading. confuses voiced and voiceless consonants, as well as soft and hard consonants (for example: love- loobof, nanny- nana, door- hard, stool- diaburedka and so on.)

“Problems” in speech breathing. NOTE: Speech breathing is the basis for proper adequate sound production. The most common speech breathing disorders are usually chronic runny nose, enlarged adenoids, some immune diseases, and diseases of the cardiovascular system. To develop proper speech breathing, we use our own special gymnastics (where speech is combined with physical exercises), which is usually prescribed by a speech therapist, adjusting to individual characteristics child.

Science has proven that the ability to pronounce complex sounds - including the sound R - is determined not only by the developed articulatory apparatus and the characteristics of the speech that the child constantly hears, but partly also genetically.

If there are no serious physiological reasons for the child’s diction problems, then get recommendations on speech gymnastics from a speech therapist and start daily exercises.

Now is the time for speech therapy exercises

You should seriously think about producing the sound R if the child is five years old and has not yet learned to growl and purr “cleanly” and loudly. They still swim in his aquarium smiles, fly into the sky Shaiiki, and they give milk koevs...

The first consultation with an experienced speech therapist will enrich you with knowledge of exactly what problems your baby has with the articulation apparatus, and what specific exercises you should practice with him. But in addition to special gymnastics, there is also a more or less common set of exercises for all cases of producing the sound P, which you also have to perform daily with your baby. Get ready for the fact that you will spend an average of half an hour a day on this, and the whole epic of mastering pronunciation can last for a year and a half.

As a rule, the production of the sound P, as well as other sounds, is divided into three stages:

first you must teach your child to confidently pronounce this sound in isolation, on its own;
then you should master confident pronunciation of sounds in syllables and words;
and only then train the sound in continuous speech, sentences and tongue twisters.

In everyday life, you can often observe the opposite picture: parents hang over the child, jabbering tongue twisters and calling on the child to immediately repeat what was said. Alas, this tactic almost always fails - the child gets scared and refuses to train at all.

The key to success: patience and work

Be patient and go from simple to complex. Fortunately or unfortunately, the speech therapy task is fundamentally different, for example, from trying to teach someone to swim - if you can learn to float on the water and flounder your limbs overnight, then, alas, it’s definitely not possible to pronounce sounds correctly. Because what plays a role here is not so much the technique of execution, but the gradual development and strengthening of the articulatory apparatus.

Remember one simple rule: any activity, including speech therapy exercises, should bring pleasure to the child and positive emotions. How you achieve this is your problem, not the baby's. And only if your offspring is happy to perform speech gymnastics (and keep in mind that it is easy for you to move your tongue and pronounce different sounds, but for a baby this is always a huge amount of work, discomfort, and sometimes even certain painful sensations), you will achieve success.

Invent fun and amusing activities for your child with the sound/letter P, turn daily speech exercises into a funny game, and never (even as a joke!) tease your baby - and you yourself will not notice how the child will become firmly “friends” with all the sounds of his native speech . Even with something as insidious as the sound R.

Warm-up exercises

Making the sound R is a daily exercise. Each of which begins with a warm-up and “warming up” of the articulatory apparatus. The most effective warm-up exercises:

Exercise "Paint brush". The baby should smile and open his mouth slightly. Next, as if with a brush, he should “stroke” the upper palate with his tongue - from the upper teeth and as deep as possible towards the throat. Repeat the exercise 10-12 times.

Exercise "Pendulum". As in the first case, you need to smile and open your mouth. Slightly stick your tongue forward and swing it from side to side - from the right corner of your mouth to the left and so on. About 10-20 times.

Exercise "Accordion". We smile again and open our mouth. We press our tongue to the upper palate, as if we are going to pronounce a soft and long sound “n”. Without changing the position of the tongue, we open our mouth as wide as possible, then close it, open it and close it. About 15-20 times.

“Brushing our teeth.” Starting position - smile and open your mouth. Using the tip of the tongue, we move along the inner surface of the upper teeth from left to right, as if we are “sweeping” them. We do the exercise 10-15 times. Then, without changing the starting position, we alternately press the tongue against each upper tooth from the inside, as if checking whether it is in place.

Exercise "Mosquito". A very fun exercise! The baby should open his mouth and move the tip of his tongue behind his front teeth. In this position, try to pronounce the sound “z-z-z”, then move the tongue back, this time resting it on the upper palate at the base of the teeth and pronounce “z-z-z” again.

All these exercises perfectly develop the articulatory apparatus, strengthen the muscles and gradually stretch the “frenulum”. However, to practice the “R” sound, special staging exercises are needed.

Exercises for making the sound R

Some of the simplest exercises suitable for independent daily speech gymnastics include the following:

1 The child opens his mouth and presses the tip of his tongue to the base of the upper teeth, rhythmically and quickly pronouncing the sound “d-d-d.” After a couple of seconds, ask him, without stopping, to blow strongly on the tip of his tongue (that is, try to say “d-d-d” while exhaling forcefully). The sound R will not work yet, but the baby should feel a noticeable vibration of the tongue and gradually remember it.
2 For the next exercise you will need a special speech therapy spatula (it can be purchased in specialized stores, pharmacies and online stores). Nowadays, they are made quite comfortable for the baby, often with the smell of caramel, chocolate or fruit. Use it very carefully, but confidently, without timidity. So: to begin with, ask the child, opening his mouth wider, to pronounce the sound “w-w-w”, gradually moving the tongue closer to the base of the upper teeth. Give him a couple of seconds to get used to it, and then carefully insert the spatula under your child’s tongue and begin to rhythmically (but not too much!) swing it left and right, creating vibration. At this time, the child should blow strongly on his sound “zh-zh-zh” - this way he will feel the vibration created by the air and the vibrations of the spatula.
3 Ask your baby to open his mouth wide and at the same time pronounce the syllable “z-z-za”, moving his tongue as far back as possible. At this time, as in exercise 2, slip a spatula under his tongue and rhythmically move it left and right. If this speech therapy exercise is performed correctly, you should hear a fairly distinct “R” sound.
4 In the same way, ask the child to pronounce the sound “z-z-zi” with his mouth open, and do the same manipulations with the spatula as in the previous exercise. In this case, the softer sound R is used, which is used in words like “rhyme”, “rice”, “drawing”...

It is known that in his youth Lenin was very complex because of his burr. And at one time, the future leader of the world proletariat paid great attention to exercises on producing the sound R. Since the articulation of the sound R is similar to the articulation of the sound D, he trained on words in which D and R stand side by side. Often from Volodya’s room one could hear the speech therapy “mantra”: fight, firewood, tease...

You are the “teacher of the year”!

Since children are great repeaters, at every opportunity, do not be lazy to show your child how well and skillfully you pronounce the sound R. In fact, you are your child’s best teacher and mentor.

Lean closer to him so that he not only hears you, but also sees the position of your lips and facial expressions. Most often, this is how children learn to pronounce sounds by imitating a carbon copy. Be a patient (and at the same time funny, smiling!) example for your child - and he will definitely master the correct pronunciation. And be patient - it can take from several days to several months to practice each exercise for producing the sound P.

As soon as you hear that the child is able to more or less successfully pronounce the sound R in exercises, start practicing syllables like “ra-ri-ru-ro” or “ara-tra-ura-or-mur” - that is, all sorts of combinations the sound P and vowels (so that the sound P itself is at the beginning of the syllable, and in the middle, and at the end). Then move on to individual simple words, such as “fish-hand-murzik-arka-ball-cow” and others (again, the sound P should appear in different places in the words). And only when the child pronounces words confidently and correctly, proceed to continuous speech.

Many parents perceive difficulties with pronouncing the sound R as a serious problem. They involve a host of pediatricians and speech therapists in the “trouble,” and they begin to frighten the child with future difficulties in communication... If you are a conscious and loving parent, stop this “hysteria” in its infancy! Teach your child to deal with difficulties (including pronunciation) in a friendly, calm, and humorous manner. And if you manage to turn speech therapy into an exciting game, you and your child will win in any case - either he will master the sound R, or he will learn to “tolerate failures” while remaining a confident person.

Summary of a pronunciation lesson in the senior group

(Held at a parent meeting)

Prepared and carried out Kuzmina Tatyana Vyacheslavovna ,

teacher speech therapist

Michurinsk, Tambov region

Lesson topic:“Differentiation of sounds t – d.”

Target:

1. Consolidating the correct pronunciation of the sounds t, d.

2. Comparison of sounds t, d, their differentiation.

3. Vocabulary work on the topic “Home”.

4. Consolidating the skill of analyzing monosyllabic words.

5. Making sentences with prepositions.

Equipment: board, typesetting canvas, kits for diagrams, toy telephone, house model, doll, toy monkey.

Progress of the lesson

I. Organizational moment. Children have pictures that begin with vowel sounds. Sit down according to instructions. First, those whose first sound in the word is a, u, i, o, e.

The term “vowel sound” is repeated.

II. Main part.

1. Goal setting.

The speech therapist shows a model of the house and asks what it is? (This is a house) Children say the word house in chorus and one by one. Determine the first sound in the word house - d. Then he shows the children a monkey and says that its name is Tom. Children pronounce this word and determine the first sound. The speech therapist reports that today we will talk about the sounds t, d.

2. Comparison of sounds t, d.

Children name these sounds and remember that they cannot be sung. These sounds are consonants. The sound t is deaf, the sound d is voiced (check what the little voice is doing, ringing or sleeping).

Game “Broken Phone” (transformation of syllables). tells the children that a telephone has been installed in our house, only he confuses the sounds t, d, and shows how the telephone works. Then the children themselves transform the syllables ta-tu-to-you into the syllables yes-du-do-dy.

3. Naming words with sounds t, d.

Game "Magic Cube".

There are 4 windows of red, green, yellow and of blue color. The called child tosses the cube and opens a window of the same color as the top of the tossed cube. At the same time, he composes a phrase (I open the red window). He takes out a picture, determines what sound is in the word (t or d) and puts it on the right shelf. (On the first shelf there is a picture of a house, on the second there is a monkey Tom).

4. Word Analysis Vol.

Work on the sound line.

The speech therapist pronounces the word, opening the windows - sounds on the ruler.

Children determine that three windows opened and lit up, which means there are 3 sounds in the word Tom. The windows must be filled with circles - sounds.

What's the first sound? (T) What sound is that? (consonant) Which circle will we use to denote the sound t? (blue) Let's put a blue circle in the first window.

What sound is heard at the end of a word? (m) What sound is that? (consonant) What circle will we designate? (blue)

Two windows were filled, leaving one in the middle. Look carefully at my mouth, it will tell you. (T-o-o-o-m) What sound did my lips make? (o) Yes, the lips are round with the sound o, which means the second sound is o.

How many sounds are there in total? (three: vowels-1, consonants-2)

5. The speech therapist pays attention to the house and offers to play the game “Who knows the most parts of the house”

Children compete by naming windows, walls, ceilings, doors, floors...

6. Memorizing the poem “Tom”.

The speech therapist pays attention to the girl, the children come up with a name for her (the name begins with the sound t - Tonya, Tanya, Toma)

Grandma at home, grandpa at home

Only Tom is not at home

Where is our Toma?

- She is standing near the house.

7. Making sentences with prepositions “Where is Tom?”

The speech therapist places a doll behind the house, in the house, in front of the house, near the house, and the children make up sentences. (Tom is standing near the house)

8. Team competition “Who knows more words with the sounds t, d.”

First, the children take turns coming up with words with the sound t, then d. Do not repeat the words. For every word - forfeit. The team that names the most words with both sounds wins.

9. At home, children come up with words with the sounds t, d.

The author is pleased, it’s not difficult for you - click “I LIKE”

Topic: “Differentiation of sounds “s” - “sh”.

Goal: To consolidate the correct pronunciation and distinction of sounds “s” - “sh”.

Educational: Consolidating concepts about sound, syllable, word and sentence; consolidation of knowledge about the mechanism of formation of sounds [s] and [sh] and their articulatory features.

Correctional: Development of phonemic hearing and formation of skills in acoustic discrimination of sounds. Consolidating the correct pronunciation of sounds in independent speech, different speech structures. Improve your sound analysis skills. Strengthen the ability to use various types of sentences in speech.

Educational: Education positive traits, the ability to listen to comrades to the end, not to interrupt those who were speaking.

Equipment: mirrors according to the number of children, pictures, educational toy.

Progress of the lesson

Organizing time Choral recitation by children:

We will pronounce everything correctly and clearly,

We will pronounce it so that everything is clear.

Speech therapist: The one who will tell me the speech sounds will sit down.

– Now tell me the words that mean: signs, objects, or actions.

- Come up with suggestions for me.

- Well done! Today old lady Shapoklyak came to our lesson with the rat Lariska. They are tired of being naughty and want to work out with you. Let's teach them to speak correctly. Take the mirrors. (Successive exercises: “Fence” and “Window”.) They have a great sweet tooth, they really love pancakes with hot milk. (Successive execution of the “Shovel” and “Cup” exercises). To avoid getting burned, blow on the pancakes and on the milk (Alternately blowing on the tongue in the “Shovel” and “Cup” positions). We’ll also work hard (Exercise “Brushing the lower teeth, brushing the upper teeth.”) Well done, they performed all the exercises clearly and correctly. And who remembers what sounds these exercises are needed for (At the last lesson, the sounds on duty were [s] and [w].)

2. Report the topic of the lesson

Speech therapist. Right. And today in class we will continue to learn how to correctly pronounce the sounds [s] and [w]. Shapoklyak wants to hear how you learned to characterize these sounds, and Lariska wants to play with you.

3. Updating children’s existing knowledge

Guys, listen carefully to what words I tell you. What sound is heard first in all these words? Wardrobe, hat, fur coat, scarf, washer.

In all words, the sound [w] is heard first.

Shapoklyak. They say you already know how to characterize sound. I want to listen to the characteristics of the sound [sh].

The sound [sh] is consonant, always hard, dull, because the neck does not work.

Well done. And what sound is heard in all these words? Owl, cash register, wasp, dog, coconut, sleigh.

In all these words a consonant, hard, dull sound [s] is heard.

Guys, let's tell you how these sounds differ and how they are similar.

These sounds are consonants, dull, hard. They cannot be sung. They are made of noise. The air leaving the mouth encounters obstacles. But they are pronounced differently. When we pronounce the sound [s], our lips smile, our teeth close, the tip of our tongue rests on our lower teeth, and the air is cold. When pronouncing the sound [w], our lips extend into a “tube”, the teeth are brought together, the tongue is raised “cup” to the palate. The air stream is warm.

Dynamic pause

There are funny toys on our shelf:

Funny hedgehogs.

And funny frogs.

Funny bears.

Funny deer.

Funny walruses.

Funny seals.

4. Main part

Speech therapist... Sit up straight, back straight. We have prepared our ears and listen carefully to the tasks. Tell me how to answer the questions.

You must answer in complete sentences, pronouncing the words clearly.

Game “Sound Clock”. This exercise develops phonemic awareness and develops the skill of acoustic discrimination of sounds.

The word roof sounds the same as the word rat. They differ in one sound. In the word roof - acc. sound [w], and in the word rat the consonant sound is s-.

And whoever remembers what words were in the task, tell me pairs of these words.

Children name pairs of words from memory.

Speech therapist: There is another game for you. We sat down correctly and listened carefully to the task.

Game “Fourth wheel”.

Find extra picture, in which the specified sound is not heard: the sound [s] or the sound [w]. And explain why this particular picture is unnecessary.

Here the extra picture is a shirt, because in the word shirt you hear the sound [w], and in all the others the sound [s].

The speech therapist praises children whose answers were complete and grammatically correct. Draws the attention of other children to the beautiful answers of his comrades.

Speech therapist: And you coped with this task. Well done. Now close your eyes. Imagine that you are relaxing on the beach. The gentle sun is shining, you are smiling. We opened our eyes. We have rested a little and are ready to perform last task.

Game “Make a word from three letters”. The speech therapist voices tasks for children, choosing only necessary words: juice, ball.

5. Summary of the lesson Speech therapist: Our lesson has come to an end.

Guys, I would like to hear what you liked about the lesson. Who, in your opinion, answered the most today, and answered correctly, with complete answers.

Children: I liked answering the questions.

– I liked choosing the extra picture.

– I liked that everyone answered well and praised us.

Speech therapist: Yes guys, you are all great. The lesson is over. Thank you!

The sound "r" is a difficult sound. This is the reason why not all children manage to pronounce it at an early age. It doesn’t matter if the baby is under five years old: this is a fairly common situation and, most likely, it will change for the better in the near future. At this age, you don’t have to turn to speech therapists yet, but train your baby’s speech apparatus yourself. You will learn how to do this correctly from our article.

Reasons for incorrect pronunciation of the sound “r”

“R” does not lend itself to all children right away.

Sometimes it happens that a preschooler already speaks quite fluently and clearly, but even after 1-2 years of development of his speech, some sounds are unclear. One of the most common cases is the incorrect pronunciation of the “r” sound. It is this letter that most often creates speech difficulties for babies, worrying parents: “Is my baby developing correctly?” Not all children can immediately grasp the sound “r”.

Parents do not need to panic, because each child develops according to his own “individual plan.” And as the baby grows, so do his skills. However, if parents do not pay timely attention to the development of the baby’s speech apparatus and do not take any measures to improve it, some speech defects may remain in speech for life (for example, burr).

The main defects in a child’s pronunciation of the sound “r” manifest themselves in the form of:

replacing the sound "r" with the sound "l"
unclear ending
the sound “r” is not used in all words
guttural pronunciation of the sound “r”.

And the main reasons for incorrect pronunciation are:

Impaired mobility of the speech organs.
Short frenulum of the tongue.
Incorrect speech breathing.
Speech hearing impairment.

It is necessary to pay attention in time to the development of the baby’s speech apparatus

Another important reason influencing the formation of a child’s sound pronunciation is incorrect speech environment. That is, the way adults speak to a child. Children inherit all the sounds and words they hear and adopt pronunciation without understanding whether it is correct or not. For this reason, parents are advised to carefully monitor the correctness of their own speech.

How can you check the state of pronunciation of the sound “r” in a baby? Ask your baby to growl or simply repeat the letter “r” several times. Next - offer to repeat after you a few simple words with the letter “r” (for example, cow, crow, tractor, firewood, etc.). If a child cannot even pronounce a single “r” sound correctly, then it is best to start the exercises by practicing this particular skill. If the child growls magnificently and resoundingly, but the sound “r” sounds incorrectly in words, then it is best to start practicing the syllables: ra-ru-ri-ro-ar-ir-or, etc. .

Classes with a speech therapist and independently

The speech therapist will professionally point out all the deviations and peculiarities of the child’s pronunciation, and will also select a program of classes with him.

If you, dear parents, have not achieved success in trying to teach your child to say the letter “r” correctly, then the best way out of this situation is to seek advice from a speech therapist.

The advantages of contacting a speech therapist are as follows:

A specialist will be able to identify the reason that prevents the baby from pronouncing the sound “r”. The speech therapist will see how the baby tries to pronounce “r”: replacing it with other sounds (for example, “l”), swallowing it at the end of the word, pronouncing it only in separate words or using the larynx. The last method mentioned is a cause for concern. The cause of incorrect pronunciation may be the child’s underdeveloped respiratory system or articulatory apparatus.
It is the speech therapist who will help identify complex deviations in the child’s development, moreover, at the initial stage (for example, such a pathology as dysarthria).
The speech therapist will professionally point out all the deviations and peculiarities of the child’s pronunciation, and will also select a program of classes with him, select special exercises based on the reasons for the incorrect pronunciation and, in the end, teach him to say the letter “r”.

In the event that the development of the baby’s speech occurs gradually, without deviations from age norms speech development, then parents themselves can offer the baby various useful exercises to train the tongue.

Choose the optimal time for classes so that nothing disturbs your baby, he is not distracted, but, on the contrary, is interested. During the lesson, the child should be opposite you, seeing your face, in particular the movements of your lips, and clearly hearing your voice. It is best when classes are held in a playful way. While studying, be calm, self-possessed, and friendly to the baby. Patience is the main quality of a mother or father during such activities, because it can take a lot of time to establish the pronunciation of the sound “r”: several days or several months.

Exercises for making the sound “r”

Special speech therapy exercises will help the sound “r” break through

Many speech therapists in the Russian-speaking area believe that teaching the correct and fluent pronunciation of the sound “r” is almost the most difficult task for children. Not all children cope with it on time and on their own. Not only specialists, but also purposeful and attentive parents can help in this matter.

For younger kids preschool age(up to four years old) the following exercise games are suitable:

Select children's poems with words with the letter "r" to memorize.
Teach your child to imitate the sounds of animals and cars (rrrrrr - a tiger growls, dr-dr-dr - a car is driving, etc.)
Read to your little one and learn by heart nursery rhymes, sayings, tongue twisters with the active use of the “r” sound.

"Advice. When working with your baby, demonstrate to him the correct position of his lips and tongue. Learn to pronounce words with the sound “r” with a fairly intense vibration of the tongue. If it doesn’t work out, a speech therapist will help. And if there is success, praise the baby. The child’s confidence that everything is going well for him will give him strength and accelerate his speech development.”

Children four to five years old will benefit from the following exercises:

Ask the baby to open his mouth, stick out the tip of his tongue and place it on the tubercles of his front teeth, fixing it there for 15-20 seconds. This exercise should be repeated 2-3 times per session: this will help develop stretching of the hyoid ligament and relax the tongue muscles in an elevated position.
Have your baby open his mouth wide and hit the cusps of his front teeth hard with his tongue, making the sound “d.” The exercise should be performed for at least 15-20 seconds: this will help develop the tip of the tongue.
Invite your child to stretch his lips into a smile and start biting the tip of his tongue. The exercise must be repeated 7-10 times in a row: this will excite the muscles of the tip of the tongue.
Ask your baby to count all the teeth with his tongue.
Allow your baby to have a little fun by asking him to quickly stick his tongue out and in.

Watch a video with advice from a speech therapist on how to properly teach your child to pronounce the sound “r”

Games to develop your speech apparatus

Since the main activity of preschoolers is play, we recommend developing the child’s speech apparatus by turning activities into interesting games. Let's see what simple speech therapy games can be done at home:

"Motor". The child should place the clean thumb of his hand under his tongue and begin to move it to the right and left. To make this exercise fun, you can come up with some kind of metaphor (comparison), analogy: for example, “the engine starts.”
"Clean teeth." Show your baby how to stretch his lips into a smile and try to “clean” the back surface of the upper teeth with the tip of the tongue. The lower jaw does not move.
"Horse". Teach your baby to click his tongue as if a horse is galloping.
"Teasers." Invite your baby to “tease”. To do this, you need to stick out your relaxed tongue and chatter it, making arbitrary sounds.
“Brrr!” and “Trrrrr!” These interjections are useful exercises for the baby: let the baby say “Brrr!” with relaxed lips. (as if from a cold), and then a loud “Trrrrr!” will shoot out.

Regularly performing these basic exercises will help train the muscles of the child’s articulatory apparatus, which will facilitate the child’s timely and correct pronunciation of the letter “r” himself - without turning to speech therapists.

Exercises on “r” should be performed regularly.

“According to many speech therapists, a child will be able to start saying the letter “r” correctly and on time if he practices other sounds, such as “d” and “z.” Systematically work on these sounds with your baby, offering to pronounce them with your lips stretched.”

It is very useful to repeat and memorize tongue twisters with the letter “r”: about the Greek who rode across the river, about Charles who stole corals and others. Train your child to pronounce individual words: look for children's speech therapy poems that contain the words “tractor”, “dragon”, “dragée”, “grass”, “firewood”, “coward” and others.

Basic rules for successful classes

In order for your activities with your child to bear fruit, we recommend following rules:

Turn "r" sounds into a fun game. Don’t force your child to study, but get him interested in something interesting. When the baby has a desire, there will be a result.
Don't babysit when talking to your child. The baby must hear correct speech from his parents from birth. Take your time when speaking, pronounce words correctly (especially new words for a child), and do not “eat” endings. It is unacceptable to imitate a child’s incorrect speech by distorting words.
When you hear that your child has “broken” the sound “r”, it is important to consolidate this skill. And for this you need to continue classes, training the baby’s coherent speech by composing stories from pictures, reciting pure tongue twisters, tongue twisters and thematic poems.

Reinforce the sound “r” by training your baby’s coherent speech by writing stories based on pictures

If the problem of pronunciation of the sound “r” has not been resolved by the age of six or seven, then you need to contact a speech therapist who will help professional help. However, you must understand that you should not shift all responsibility entirely to a specialist. By following his recommendations and specially selected exercises with your child at home, you will see that the results will not take long to arrive. Soon you won’t even remember about this problem. Good luck and patience to you and your baby!