Krylov Ivan Andreevich - short biography. Ivan Krylov: a short biography of the fabulist The last years of Krylov's life

Ivan Andreevich Krylov in his mature years was one of the most educated people of his time. This is all the more surprising, since he himself did not receive any systematic education. Information about the life of the writer's parents before the birth of children is very scarce. Father Andrei Prokhorovich Krylov was a retired military man from an impoverished noble family, who for his courage during the suppression of the Pugachev rebellion did not receive any honors or fortune. Mother - Maria Alekseevna.

Rice. 1. Ivan Andreevich Krylov. Portrait of work. 1839 The family first lived in Moscow, where the future poet was born on February 2, 1769. The family had another son, Levushka, eight years younger than Vanya. Soon after the birth of their first child, the Krylovs moved to another city - to Tver, where the head of the family received the post of chairman of the magistrate. But the money that Krylov Sr. earned was barely enough for food, so there was no question of any education of his son. But there was a chest of books in the house, and reading became the boy's favorite pastime. How much he read during these years is unknown. After his father died in 1778, the situation of the family became very sad. But the Krylovs had wealthy neighbors who invited teachers to their children. Together with them, Vanya studied French. This later turned out to be very useful. Since the family was poor, no one limited communication with other poor townspeople. Krylov from an early age loved common folk amusements, visited fairs, often talked with the most different people, and thus mastered the Russian language in its entirety. He still read a great deal and sometimes wrote summaries of books that seemed to him the most important.

Petersburg

A literate young man found some kind of job - he was taken to the magistrate as a subclerk. But one could not count on something better in Tver. The mother decided to take her sons to St. Petersburg, where there were much more opportunities. In the capital, it was possible to petition for a pension. Ivan managed to get a job in the state chamber as a clerk. In his free time, he read a lot and also learned to play various instruments. His first work, which he showed to others, was not poetry or fables, but the opera “Coffee House”. He wrote both music and poetry.

At this time, he was very interested in the theater, and in St. Petersburg just one appeared, where any city dweller could get. Krylov met many actors. He was eighteen, and he seriously decided to take up plays for the theater. At first, these were tragedies and comedies, written under the too obvious influence of classicism, which at that time was already going out of fashion. The most famous are “Philomela”, “Pranksters”, “Mad Family”. But they are interesting, first of all, to the biographers of the writer himself, and critics and actors reacted very coolly to them. In addition, the name of the author was known only to a very narrow circle of his friends.

The first fables of Krylov

First attempts to start writing fablesdate back to 1788. Maybe they were before, but which ones - and remained a secret. But the first published ones are very well known, although they appeared in print without any signature. These were "Shameful Player", "Newly Granted Donkey" and "The Destiny of Players". They were published by the magazine "Morning hours". The fables were pretty caustic. But the critics did not notice anything this time either. The first experience of publishing the magazine was not particularly successful either. It was called "Mail of Spirits". It was assumed that the magazine would continue the Russian satirical tradition begun by Novikov. Several issues came out, and the project ceased to exist. Then there were two more magazines - Spectator and St. Petersburg Mercury, in which articles by Krylov himself and some other authors were published. Fables were also published there. But both editions were short-lived.

Personal life

Krylov's attempt to marry was also unsuccessful. He is twenty years old, his lover's name was Anna, she comes from the family of a Bryansk priest. Love is mutual, but the bride's parents did not want to hear about the poor groom who is trying to make a living with literature. In the end, they agreed, but the gentleman was so poor that he had nothing to get to Bryansk. The wedding never took place. He never created a family. However, he had a housekeeper. Her name was Fenya. He could not marry her - such a union in society would be considered rather base. However, Feni had a daughter, Alexander, whom the writer's acquaintances considered his illegitimate daughter. When her mother died, Sashenka remained to live in Krylov's house. Then she got married and had children, and the writer constantly fiddled with them. Moreover, he left a will, according to which, all Krylov's property passed to her family after his death.

New period of creativity

After the first failures in the literary field, Krylov stopped writing for several years. What he did for almost ten years is not known for certain. But there is evidence that he served with Prince Golitsyn either as a tutor or as a secretary. He himself did not write about these years even in his autobiography.

The following works of his belong only to 1806. And these were translations of the fables of the French writer La Fontaine. They were published in Moscow and received positive reviews from critics. In the same year, Krylov again ended up in the capital and resumed work in the theater, this time more successfully. Two of his comedies were staged at the theater - Fashion Store and Lesson for Daughters.

Important! In Russia, everything French was in vogue at that time, and it was Francomania that the author briefly but caustically ridiculed. The audience liked the play, especially since even then they were seriously talking about the coming war with France. This moment can be considered the beginning of Krylov's successful literary career.

Success accompanied the first collection of his works. The list includes 23 fables, including one of the best, familiar even to first-grade students, “The Elephant and the Pug”. "Dragonfly and Ant", "Monkey and Glasses" and much more were published. Moved from the place and career. First, he was given a good place in the Monetary Department, and then a much more important position for a writer - he was taken to the Public Library. Krylov worked in the library for almost thirty years - from 1812 to 1841.

The last years of Krylov's life

His life became calm and measured. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, at that time Ivan Andreevich was a person without conflict and even lazy. He publishes collections of fables one after another - in total, nine of them were published during the author's lifetime. This is an almost complete collection, and the number of works published in them is more than two hundred.

During the Decembrist uprising, he came to Senate Square, looked at what was happening there, and calmly left. He did not participate in any secret societies. But he constantly attended literary meetings. He was a friend of Zhukovsky and many other famous writers. He died on November 9, 1844, and was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. His grave has been preserved to this day in the same place, at the Tikhvin cemetery.

Many biographies of Krylov have been written, but the one written by Sergei Mosiyash is most suitable for children. An interesting “Word about Krylov” was written and is also the author of many fables.
Krylov really liked the spectacle of fires, and he did not miss a single opportunity to enjoy it.
Krylov worked as a teacher for the children of Prince S. Golitsyn.
One of the favorite entertainments of Ivan Andreevich Krylov is playing cards for money. He also liked cockfights and fistfights.
Krylov had several aliases, the most common being Navi Volyrk.
Petersburg, back in late XIX century, a monument to Krylov appeared, where he is depicted along with his characters.

A brief overview of his work and life path See also the video provided.

Ivan Andreevich Krylov was born on February 13 (February 2, old style), 1769.
The exact place of birth of Ivan Andreevich is unknown, perhaps it is Moscow, Troitsk or Zaporozhye.
Father - Andrei Prokhorovich Krylov (1736-1778). He served in a dragoon regiment, starting service with a private. He distinguished himself in the defense of the Yaitsky town during the Pugachev uprising. He died in the rank of captain in poverty. Mother - Maria Alekseevna. Left after the death of her husband with two young children in her arms. Illiterate, but endowed with a natural mind, she followed the education of her son. Ivan Krylov studied literacy, arithmetic and prayers at home.
In 1774 the Krylov family moved to Tver.
1777 the beginning of Ivan Andreevich's studies. Having managed to surprise the local landowner with his poems, he receives permission to study with his children. Independently studies literature, mathematics, French and Italian languages.
In the same year, his father arranged for Krylov to work as a sub-clerk in the Kalyazinsky Lower Zemsky Court. But the work of little Ivan was not interested, and he was simply listed among the employees.
In 1778 Andrey Prokhorovich dies and the family finds itself in poverty. Ivan Krylov is transferred to the Tver provincial magistrate with the rank of sub-clerk. It was in this service that the young Krylov got acquainted with the order in court and bribery.
After moving to Moscow in 1783, he got a job at the Treasury. A little later, his mother and brother move in with him. In 1783 he moved to St. Petersburg.
In 1787 he received a place in the mountain expedition of the Cabinet of Her Imperial Majesty.
Since 1789, Ivan Krylov, at the expense of Rachmaninov and in his printing house, has been publishing a monthly satirical magazine called "Mail of Spirits, or the scientific, moral and critical correspondence of the Arab philosopher Malikulmulk with water, air and underground spirits." After the French Revolution, due to the tightening of censorship, the magazine ceases to be published.
In 1791-1793, together with friends, he opened a printing house and a bookstore attached to it. It publishes the magazines Spectator and St. Petersburg Mercury. Under pressure from the authorities, both magazines cease to be published.
In 1794-1797 he was fond of gambling and visiting fairs.

In 1797, Golitsyn invited Krylov to the post of personal secretary and teacher of his children. In 1801 he moved to Riga with Golitsyn.
In the autumn of 1803, Krylov left Riga to join his brother in Serpukhov. And in 1806 he returned to St. Petersburg.
In 1808-1810 he worked in the Mint Department.
In 1809, the first book of fables by Ivan Andreevich Krylov was published. In the same year, he ran for the Russian Academy. And in 1811 he was elected a member of the Russian Academy.
1812-1841 - works at the Public Library.
In 1816 he was admitted to the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
In 1817 he was admitted to the St. Petersburg Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts.
In the summer of 1818 was elected to full non-resident members of the Kazan Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
1819 - 6 volumes of Ivan Krylov's fables were published.
March 27, 1820 Krylov was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree.
In 1823 the Russian Academy presents Ivan Andreevich gold medal. In the same year, she suffered two strokes.
On November 21 (November 9, old style), 1844, Ivan Andreevich Krylov dies of transient pneumonia. According to one version, the cause of death was intestinal volvulus from overeating.

Interesting facts from Wikipedia:

Once Krylov, at home, having eaten eight pies, was struck by their bad taste. Opening the pan, I saw that it was all green from mold. But he decided, if he was alive, he could finish eating the remaining eight pies in the pan.
He loved to watch the fires. Did not miss a single fire in St. Petersburg.
Above the sofa in Krylov's house hung "on parole" a healthy picture. Friends asked him to drive in a couple more nails so that she would not fall and break his head. To this he replied that he had calculated everything: the picture would fall tangentially and would not touch him.
At dinner parties, he usually ate a dish of pies, three or four bowls of fish soup, a few chops, a roast turkey, and a few odds and ends. Arriving home, I ate it all with a bowl of sauerkraut and black bread.
Once, at a dinner at the Queen's, Krylov sat down at the table and, without greeting, began to eat. Zhukovsky shouted in surprise: “Stop it, let the queen at least treat you.” “What if he doesn’t give a treat?” - scared Krylov.
Once, on a walk, Ivan Andreevich met young people, and one of this company decided to play a trick on the physique of the writer (he most likely did not know him) and said: “Look! What a cloud is coming! ”, And Krylov looked at the sky and added sarcastically:“ Yes, it really is going to rain. That's what the frogs croaked.

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Ivan Andreevich was born on February 2, 1769 in Moscow into a military family that did not have high incomes. When Ivan was 6 years old, his father Andrei Prokhorovich was transferred to Tver, where the family continued to exist in poverty, and soon lost its breadwinner.

Due to the move and the low level of income, Ivan Andreevich was unable to complete the education he had begun in Moscow. However, this did not prevent him from gaining considerable knowledge and becoming one of the most enlightened people of his time. This became possible thanks to the young man's strong desire for reading, languages and sciences, which the future publicist and poet mastered through self-education.

Earlier creativity. Dramaturgy

Another "school of life" of Ivan Krylov, whose biography is very multifaceted, was the common people. The future writer enjoyed attending various festivities and entertainment, he himself often took part in street battles. It was there, in a crowd of ordinary people, that Ivan Andreevich drew pearls of folk wisdom and sparkling peasant humor, capacious colloquial expressions that would eventually form the basis of his famous fables.

In 1782 the family was looking for a better life moves to Petersburg. In the capital, Krylov Ivan Andreevich began public service. However, such activities did not satisfy the young man's ambitions. Carried away by the then fashionable theatrical trends, in particular under the influence of the play "The Miller" by A.O. Ablesimov, Krylov manifests himself in writing dramatic works: tragedies, comedies, opera librettos.

Contemporary critics of the author, although they did not show high marks, nevertheless approved his attempts and encouraged him to further creativity. According to a friend and biographer Krylov M.E. Lobanov, I.A. Dmitrievsky, a famous actor of that time, saw in Krylov the talent of a playwright. With the writing of the satirical comedy "Pranksters", even summary which makes it clear that Ya.B. was ridiculed in the play. Knyaznin, who was considered the leading playwright of that time, the author not only quarrels with the "master" himself, but also finds himself in the field of insults and criticism of the theater management.

Publishing

Failures in the field of drama did not cool, but, on the contrary, strengthened the satirical notes in the talent of the future fabulist Krylov. He takes on the publishing house of the monthly satirical magazine Spirit Mail. After eight months, however, the magazine ceases to exist. After retiring in 1792, the publicist and poet acquires a printing house, where he begins to publish the Spectator magazine, which began to be more successful than the Spirit Mail.

But after a search, it was closed, and the publisher himself devoted several years to traveling.

Last years

In a brief biography of Krylov, it is worth mentioning the period associated with S.F. Golitsyn. In 1797, Krylov entered the service of the prince as a home teacher and personal secretary. During this period, the author does not cease to create dramatic and poetic works. And in 1805 he sent a collection of fables to the famous critic I.I. Dmitriev. The latter appreciated the work of the author and said that this is his true calling. So, a brilliant fabulist entered the history of Russian literature, who devoted the last years of his life to writing and publishing works of this genre, working as a librarian. He wrote more than two hundred fables for children, studied in different classes, as well as original and translated satirical works for adults.

Chronological table

Other biography options

Fables occupied a special place in the work of Krylov. In total, there are more than 230 fables. All of them were published during the life of the poet and included in 9 collections.
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Ivan Andreevich Krylov - famous poet and publicist, was born on February 2, 1769 in Moscow. Ivan Krylov did not have the opportunity to get a good education, and from his father he received only many books and great love for them. Wealthy neighbors of the boy allowed him to be present at the lessons French that were held for their children. So Ivan Andreevich Krylov learned French tolerably well.

The boy began to work very early, and also learned how it is to live in poverty. When Ivan's father died, he was taken as a subclerk to the provincial magistrate of Tver, where Krylov Sr. had previously worked. There was only enough money for food, so life was very difficult. After 5 years, the mother of the future fabulist takes her children with her and goes to St. Petersburg to seek her pension, as well as to prepare her eldest son for work. So Ivan Krylov began to work as an orderly servant in the state chamber.

Young Krylov read a lot to get proper self-education. It is also known that in early years he taught himself to play different instruments. At the age of 15, the young man himself wrote a small comic opera called The Coffee House. This can be called the poet's first debut in literature. Due to poverty, Ivan Krylov was well acquainted with the life and customs of ordinary people, so this experience became very useful in the future.

Creation

After moving to St. Petersburg, Ivan Andreevich visited the newly opened theater. There he met many artists and from then on lived the passions of this sanctuary of art. Krylov loved too much literary activity, so at the age of 18 he retired from public service.

Literary activity at first was not very successful. Soon the fabulist wrote the tragedy Philomela, imitating the classics. But this work was mediocre, but the young writer did not stop.

After some time, the poet created several comedies: "Pranksters", "Mad Family", "The Writer in the Hallway" and many others. This time, the growth of Krylov's skill was noticeable, but most readers and critics were unhappy.

The first fables of Ivan Andreevich were printed without a subscription. In 1788 they could be seen in the Morning Hours magazine. Three creations, called "The Newly Granted Donkey", "The Destiny of the Players", "The Shameful Player" were practically not noticed by critics and readers. They had a lot of causticity, sarcasm, but no skill.

In 1789, the fabulist publishes the journal "Mail of Spirits" together with Rakhmanin. But the publication does not receive the desired success and is no longer produced. Krylov does not stop there.

Spirit Mail Magazine

After 3 years, he creates another magazine called "Spectator". Then, after another 1 year, the magazine "St. Petersburg Mercury" is published. In these editions, Ivan Andreevich Krylov published some of his works.

In 1805, Krylov translated two fables, The Oak and the Cane and The Picky Bride. In 1809, the first edition of Ivan Krylov received immense popularity, it consisted of 23 works. So the fabulist becomes very popular and the public is looking forward to his new creations.

In 1810, he became an assistant librarian at the Imperial Public Library, where he would work until 1841.

In 1825, in Paris, Count Grigory Orlov published the Fables of I. A. Krylov in two volumes in French, Russian and Italian. This book was the first foreign edition of fables.

Throughout his life, the writer created more than 200 fables. Krylov lived long enough, he was a very smart and kind person. He created his works not only for the highly educated intelligentsia, but also for ordinary people. The fabulist died on November 21, 1844. Many thought that Krylov died of intestinal volvulus, but in fact the cause of death was bilateral pneumonia.

Krylov Ivan Andreevich (1769 - 1844) - Russian publicist, poet, fabulist, publisher of satirical and educational magazines. Krylov's biography nothing special is notable, although, like great people, it has its own interesting nuances.

Brief biography of Krylov

Having lived for 75 years, Ivan Krylov gained worldwide fame as the author of 236 fables. Many quotations from his fables have become popular expressions. But first things first.

Childhood and youth

Krylov was born on February 13, 1769 in Moscow, in the family of a retired army officer. He served as a petty official in the Treasury. He never received a proper education, although he was constantly engaged in self-education, studied literature and mathematics, French and Italian. In 1777-1790. a young official tries his hand at the dramatic field.

In 1789, Krylov published the journal Spirit Mail, in which he published satirical messages that exposed the abuses of government officials.

In 1792, Krylov retired, printed the satirical magazine Spectator in the printing house he bought, and in the same year his story Kaib was published. Being engaged in political satire, Krylov continues the work of N.I. Novikov.

However, his work causes dissatisfaction with Catherine II, Krylov has to leave St. Petersburg for a while and live in Moscow, and then in Riga.

The formation of the future fabulist

In 1805, Krylov translated two fables by the French fabulist La Fontaine. From this began his work as the most famous Russian fabulist. He continued to engage in this work until the end of his days, despite the considerable success in the dramaturgy of his works such as Fashion Store, Lesson for Daughters and Pie.

Portrait of Krylov

In 1809 the first book of fables was published own composition. Then, for the first time, real glory comes to him.

There were many honors in Krylov's biography. He was a respected member of the Conversations of Russian Literature Lovers from its very foundation.

In 1811 he was elected a member Russian Academy, and on January 14, 1823, he received a gold medal from her for literary merits. During the transformation of the Russian Academy into the Department of the Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences (1841), he was approved as an ordinary academician.

In 1812–1841 he served for almost thirty years as an assistant librarian in the Imperial Public Library. In general, Krylov's biography is notable for the books that he passionately loved.

From a human point of view, it should be emphasized that Krylov was a very well-fed person, he liked to eat a lot and sleep a lot. However, he loved the Russian people even more.

Driving around the vast expanses of his homeland, he wrote wonderful fables, noticing the subtlest features of human behavior.

Death and folk memory

Ivan Andreevich Krylov died on November 9, 1844. He was buried on November 13, 1844 at the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Anecdotes about his amazing appetite, sloppiness, laziness, love for fires (the fabulist was unusually attracted to fires), amazing willpower, wit and popularity are still known.

We hope that a brief biography of Krylov will help you make out the main points in the life of the great Russian writer.

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