Who refused to help the melancholy dragonfly? "Dragonfly and Ant" and the struggle for justice. Analysis of a literary work

The further history is known, and morality remained unchanged over the centuries:

“Have you been singing everything? This business:
So come and dance!”

Aesop, Lafontaine, Krylov, etc. (modern version)
At the beginning - everything is the same. The ant works hard throughout the summer, building its home and storing for the winter.

Dragonfly thinks Ant is a fool. She has fun, dances and plays all summer long.

But then, when winter came, the hungry and shivering Dragonfly calls a press conference and demands an explanation why the Ant is allowed to be warm and well fed, while she, abandoned by everyone, has neither food nor a roof over her head?!

All radio and television channels broadcast the wet, shivering Dragonfly in parallel with the Ant, pleasantly ensconced at a table filled with food in his warm, cozy home. Newspapers and the Internet publish photos of the session about the life of the fat Ant and the dying Dragonfly.

Everyone is shocked by this sharp social contrast. How can this happen in one of the most advanced countries in the world?! Why does the Government allow the unfortunate Dragonfly to suffer?!!

Dragonfly's talk show smashes the ratings, and everyone cries as the backstage choir sings the new jingle: "It's Not Easy Being Green." Human rights activists are staging a demonstration in front of Ant’s house and putting up slogans demanding the resignation of the Head of Government, confiscation of excess supplies from Ant and “distribution of elephants to the population” (c).

Under public pressure, the Government creates a commission to investigate Ant's antisocial behavior and introduce fair taxation.

Ant is given public censure, huge fines are imposed for disproportionate income, excess furniture is confiscated and he is obliged to allocate part of the house for Dragonfly.

The Dragonfly settles in the Ant's house and again has the opportunity to dance, have fun and... eat up the remains of the ant's reserves. Ant's former house, and now the "Monk Berthold Schwartz Hostel" (c) falls into disrepair, Ant leaves home, and no one has seen him again.

The dragonfly didn't last long either. Police found her dead from a drug overdose. An abandoned house has been filled with a gang of spiders that are terrorizing a decaying, but recently well-groomed and prosperous area.

Morality for a society of social justice:

"If you read the inscription on the elephant's cage
"buffalo", don't believe your eyes" .
[Kozma Prutkov]

PS. Inspired by the American election text "Two Morals"

UPD
For the defenders of "Dragonflies and Dragonflies" I am adding Dmitry Bykov's version performed by Lydia Cheboksarova (music by Vl. Vasilyeva, guitar - Evgeny Bykov, filming at the E. Kamburova Theater on 01/03/2011).

This is also a position, and although it contradicts the main idea of ​​this post - just as in the story of Somerset Maugham "The Dragonfly and the Ant", the Almighty approves of the idea of ​​​​an easy life - I cannot refuse the pleasure of putting this video here.

2nd grade

Literary reading.

Lesson topic: I. A. Krylov. Fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant".

Lesson objectives: develop Creative skills children a series of tasks in the lesson and fluent reading skills; work on reading expressiveness; learn to find the main idea, the moral of the work, cultivate a negative attitude towards people’s vices.

During the classes.

Org. Moment

Good morning! The clear sun has come out and is pouring its warm rays on you. We reached out to the sun (arms up through the sides, rising on our tiptoes). You grow, become kinder and smarter. Now mentally send some rays of sunshine to mom, dad and our guests. Wish you health and peace.

We wish everyone peace and health!!! Slide No. 1

Speech warm-up.

Read the proverb:

"Time for business - time for fun" Slide No. 2

How do you understand it? Can a proverb become the motto of our lesson?

A) Speech exercisesSlide No. 3

Without work, even kill me,

An ant cannot live.

Over the meadow where the goats graze,
Dragonflies flutter on transparent wings.

(Different ways of reading: “buzzing reading”, reading with surprise, with an angry, with a cheerful intonation, with acceleration, with slowdown).

Warm-up heroes came to visit us today.

B) Costumed characters Dragonfly and Ant appear. Each of them talks about themselves.

DRAGONFLY.

We dragonflies are among the most unusual creatures in the entire insect world. On bright sunny days we fly, hunt, flutter. We do all this before your eyes and all of you, people, admire us. What you probably find most impressive is our art of flight. Indeed, I can list you nine various types flights, which we masterfully master. I must never forget another one characteristic feature- our impressive colorfulness. After butterflies, we are, without a doubt, guaranteed second place in the competition for beauty and richness of colors. You will find all kinds of combinations with us: from delicate tones that turn metallic to saturated and sharp. It is impossible not to admire our beauty!

ANT.

I live in an anthill. Hundreds, thousands of ants are always swarming inside it. All of them are working hard: some are dragging twigs or some other prey, some are in a hurry to search for food, some are working on the dome of the anthill itself, opening entrances and exits in it or pulling whites to the surface to bask in the sun larvae. We impress people with our hard work. Each of us can carry a load several times our weight.

3.Creating a problem situation and formulating the problem.

Why did these particular characters come to visit today? (we will read the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”)

Which writers are called the “grandfathers” of Russian literature? (Chukovsky, Krylov)

Let's look into the wonderful chest of grandfather Krylov

(3,50) Slide No. 4

A)Creation of the “Tree of Predictions”

Let's try to predict what characters the heroes of the fable will have? Let's plant dragonflies with the qualities that will be characteristic of a Dragonfly on the branches of a tree, and under the tree we will build an anthill using the qualities characteristic of an AntWords appear on the tree Slide No. 5

about the dragonfly: beautiful, carefree, frivolous, cheerful, cunning, etc.,

about the ant: hard worker, collectivist, smart, thrifty, strong, etc.

Let's check our predictions and observe them?

Slide No. 6

Who did you like best and why?

What are our heroes doing?

What do you think will happen next?Slide No. 7

How do you understand Ant's answer?

Did he respond to Dragonfly's request? Why?

Reading a fable by students

Why didn't the Ant want to help the Dragonfly? (he worked, and she fluttered, did nothing, but only sang)

Is he right?

What would you do in his place?

Isn't this cruel?

What will happen to Dragonfly now?

Don't you feel sorry for her?

Who do you like better? How?

Who and for what do you condemn

6. Vocabulary work Slide No. 7

Winter is upon us.

In our soft ants.

My head turned.

I didn’t have time to look back.

It will go into your mind.

The pure field is dead.

The angry one is depressed.

I forgot about everything.

I don't want to think.

Suddenly winter came.

It passed quickly.

There is dead silence in the field.

He's sad.

In our soft grass.

Expression by I.A. Krylov

Explanation of meaning

Teacher questions to explain the meaning of expressions

Winter is upon us.

Suddenly winter came.

How does she roll? (Coming unexpectedly)

In our soft ants.

In our soft grass.

– Which of these expressions do you like best and why?

My head turned.

I forgot about everything.

Why?

I didn’t have time to look back.

It passed quickly.

Can this statement be called an epithet?

It will go into your mind.

I don't want to think.

Which expression best suits the text?

The pure field is dead.

There is dead silence in the field.

What means?

Why silence?

The angry one is depressed.

He's sad.

Why is Dragonfly sad, and even angry?

6. Analysis of a literary work.

A) Expressive reading fables by students.

– What vices of people does I.A. ridicule? Krylov in his fable?

– What words are the moral of this fable?

with contempt;
with love;
with humor;
with kindness;
with admiration;
with warmth.

The poet presented his fable characters in a funny light, talking about them with a dose of humor, kindness and warmth.

b) Selective reading.

Read the words that characterize Dragonfly.

– Read why did the Dragonfly stop singing?

– Why did the Dragonfly turn to the Ant for help?

V) Reading by roles.

Read the dialogue between the Ant and the Dragonfly expressively. Work in pairs.

– Did the Ant respond to the Dragonfly's request? How do you think why?

How is the Dragonfly depicted in the fable? Find evidence in the text. (Carefree. Cheerful. Frisky. Graceful. Frivolous. Lazy.)

Why was Dragonfly left homeless? Maybe something bad happened to her? (She didn’t take care of housing in the summer: she sang, lost, danced all the time, as the author says)

Read how Dragonfly is shown at the beginning. What did she do all summer?

What happened with the cold winter for Dragonfly?

As depicted by I.A. Krylov Ant? Find evidence in the text. (Hardworking. Wise.)

Has need and hunger come for the Ant?

Why did the Dragonfly come specifically to the Ant?

Why did he refuse Dragonfly help?

Did the Ant act fairly with the Dragonfly?

Can he be called greedy?

Why did the author unfairly offend the Dragonfly? In nature, they destroy mosquito larvae? (By insects the author means people. The dragonfly is a lover of an easy life, entertainment, not thinking about the future, living for today).

How do you feel about Dragonfly?

What do you think about Ant? Is he right in everything when he refuses to help Dragonfly?

Why did Krylov show Ant this way?

We know that fables were not written for the sake of dragonflies and ants. Ivan Andreevich Krylov in his fables gave us advice on how to live. He wanted people who read his fables, and therefore you and me, to become smarter, kinder and better. What does this fable teach us? (condemns carelessness, unwillingness to think about tomorrow, frivolity, boastfulness)

Find the words that contain the main idea works.

How do you understand them?

Does this happen in life? Give examples.

VI. Lesson summary.

What advice would you give to the frivolous Dragonfly so that this doesn’t happen to her again?

Conclusion: You and I can guess that the fables were not written for Dragonflies and Ants, but for whom? (file 9)

What disadvantage does the fable warn children against? (selfishness, carelessness, callousness, laziness)

What does the fable teach? (we need to think about tomorrow) (file 10)

Work in groups - come up with a continuation of the fable, changing the last line to “So come on in!”

What thoughts did you have while reading?

Compare these two fables. How are they similar? How are they different? (Krylov’s fable is written in poetic form, there is a rhyme, it sounds slowly, sonorously, and is easier to perceive; and Tolstoy’s fable is written without rhyme, in prose.)

In 1808, Ivan Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant” was published. However, Krylov was not the creator of this plot; he translated into Russian the fable “The Cicada and the Ant” by Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695), who, in turn, borrowed the plot from the Greek fabulist of the 6th century BC. Aesop.

Aesop's prose fable "The Grasshopper and the Ant" looks like this:

IN winter time The ant pulled out its supplies, which it had accumulated in the summer, from a hidden place to dry. A starving grasshopper begged him to give him food to survive. The ant asked him: “What did you do this summer?” The grasshopper replied: “I sang without resting.” The ant laughed and, putting away the supplies, said: “Dance in winter, if you sang in summer.”

Lafontaine changed this plot. Aesopian grasshopper male turned into La Fontaine's female cicada. Since the word "ant" (la Fourmi) in French is also feminine, the result is a plot not about two men, like Aesop’s, but about two women.

Here is a translation of La Fontaine's fable "La Cigale et la Fourmi" / The Cicada and the Ant from N. Tabatchikova:

Summer whole Cicada
I was happy to sing every day.
But the summer is leaving red,
And there are no supplies for the winter.
She didn't go hungry
She ran to Ant,
If possible, borrow food and drink from a neighbor.
“As soon as summer comes to us again,
I’m ready to return everything in full, -
Cicada promises her. -
I’ll give my word if necessary.”
Ants are extremely rare
He lends money, that’s the problem.
“What did you do in the summer?” -
She tells her neighbor.
“Day and night, don’t blame me,
I sang songs to everyone who was nearby.”
“If so, I’m very happy!
Now dance!”

As we see, the Cicada does not just ask the Ant for food, she asks for food on credit. However, Ant is devoid of usurious inclinations and refuses her neighbor, dooming her to starvation. The fact that Lafontaine predicts the death of the cicada between the lines is clear from the fact that the cicada was chosen as the main character. In Plato’s dialogue “Phaedrus” the following legend is told about cicadas: “Cicadas were once people, even before the birth of the Muses. And when the Muses were born and singing appeared, some of the people of that time became so delighted with this pleasure that among the songs they forgot about food and drink and died in self-forgetfulness. From them later came the breed of cicadas: they received such a gift from the Muses that, having been born, they do not need food, but immediately, without food or drink, they begin to sing until they die."

Ivan Krylov, having decided to translate La Fontaine’s fable into Russian, was faced with the fact that the cicada was little known in Russia at that time and Krylov decided to replace it with another female insect - the dragonfly. However, at that time two insects were called dragonflies - the dragonfly itself and the grasshopper. That’s why Krylov’s “dragonfly” jumps and sings like a grasshopper.

Jumping Dragonfly
The red summer sang;
I didn’t have time to look back,
How winter rolls into your eyes.
The pure field has died;
There are no more bright days,
Like under every leaf
Both the table and the house were ready.
Everything has passed: with the cold winter
Need, hunger comes;
The dragonfly no longer sings:
And who cares?
Sing on a hungry stomach!
Angry melancholy,
She crawls towards the Ant:
“Don’t leave me, dear godfather!
Let me gather my strength
And only until spring days
Feed and warm! -
“Gossip, this is strange to me:
Did you work during the summer?” -
Ant tells her.
“Was it before that, my dear?
In our soft ants
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So much so that my head was turned.” -
“Oh, so you...” - “I’m without a soul
I sang all summer.” -
“Did you sing everything? this business:
So come and dance!”

Krylov's ant is much more cruel than Aesop's or La Fontaine's ants. In other stories, the Grasshopper and the Cicada ask only for food, i.e. it is implied that they still have warm shelter for the winter. From Krylov, the Dragonfly asks the Ant not just for food, but also for warm shelter. The Ant, refusing the Dragonfly, dooms it to death not only from hunger, but also from cold. This refusal looks even more cruel, considering that a man refuses a woman (Aesop and La Fontaine communicate with same-sex creatures: Aesop has men, and La Fontaine has women).

Dragonfly and ant. Artist E. Rachev

Dragonfly and ant. Artist T. Vasilyeva

Dragonfly and ant. Artist S. Yarovoy

Dragonfly and ant. Artist O. Voronova

Dragonfly and ant. Artist Irina Petelina

Dragonfly and ant. Artist I. Semenov

Dragonfly and ant. Artist Yana Kovaleva

Dragonfly and ant. Artist Andrey Kustov

Krylov's fable was filmed twice. The first time this happened was in 1913. Moreover, instead of a dragonfly, for the reasons already mentioned, Vladislav Starevich’s cartoon features a blacksmith.

The second time Krylov’s fable was filmed in 1961 by director Nikolai Fedorov.

Dragonfly and ant drawing

Fable Dragonfly and Ant read text

Jumping Dragonfly
The red summer sang,
I didn’t have time to look back,
How winter rolls into your eyes.
The pure field has died,
There are no more bright days,
Like under every leaf
Both the table and the house were ready.

Everything has passed: with the cold winter
Need, hunger is coming,
The dragonfly no longer sings,
And who cares?
Sing on a hungry stomach!
Angry melancholy,
She crawls towards the Ant:
Don't leave me, dear godfather!
Let me gather my strength
And only until spring days
Feed and warm!

Gossip, this is strange to me:
Did you work during the summer?
Ant tells her.

Was it before that, my dear?
In our soft ants -
Songs, playfulness every hour,
So much so that it turned my head.

Oh, so you...

I sang all summer without a soul.

Did you sing everything? This business:
So come and dance!

The dragonfly and the ant - Moral of the fable by Ivan Krylov

Did you sing everything? This business:
So come and dance!

Moral in your own words, the main idea and meaning of the fable The Dragonfly and the Ant

The moral of this story is that if you don't want to be homeless and starve, you need to work. Here there is a clear condemnation of lazy people and people who loved to live at the expense of others.

Thus, the essence of this fable applies not only to insects, but also to people. After all, among them there are those who will live without thinking about anything, and then ask for help. You don’t need to live one day at a time, you should always take care of the future and think not only about yourself, but also about your loved ones. Perhaps someone will think that the ant acted too cruelly towards the dragonfly. Alas, such people cannot be helped knowing that they did not even bother to do anything.

We need to save time. Otherwise you might miss it. Everything needs to be done on time.

Analysis of the fable Dragonfly and the ant, heroes of the fable

Another adaptation of the famous Aesopian plot was Krylov’s fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”. However, as Zhukovskoy notes, this fable cannot be considered a simple translation, because Krylov, taking the plot as a basis, reworked the classic plot and added national Russian flavor to the image of the Dragonfly and the world surrounding the heroes. The main character is the beautiful Dragonfly.

Krylov gives a detailed description of the character in the fable, emphasizing its lightness, liveliness, mobility and gaiety. Dragonfly is the personification of the “red summer”, beautiful and very short. By focusing on the transience of time, Krylov opens a new milestone in the classical plot, because neither Aesop nor European fabulists attach such importance to this.

And the whole point is the transience of the Russian summer, in which winter (like Dragonfly) comes unexpectedly. Krylov uses the colloquial word “jumper” to convey the moral quality of Dragonfly, which is the flip side of its liveliness and cheerfulness - frivolity. And in terrible despair, the Dragonfly, who has not seen the horrors of whitened fields and winter blizzards, runs to the Ant, who acts as the antipode of the Dragonfly.

The fable "The Dragonfly and the Ant" is a clear example of two opposites. IN in this case one of them is laziness, and the second is hard work. The main characters are a dragonfly and an ant. The plot of the fable is that a dragonfly, not prepared for winter, asks an ant to live until spring. All summer she sang songs and lived carefree, because she had food and shelter. The dragonfly lives for today, without thinking about the future. She was not prepared for winter, and winter is not easy to survive even if you are prepared. At the same time, the ant was preparing for winter and storing food.

Winter is coming, but the dragonfly was not prepared for summer. Then she goes and asks the ant for help. Her request is to provide her with housing and food until spring. She thinks that the ant will not refuse her, because she only needs housing for a short time. The ant was indifferent to her request and added that in the summer she needed to take care of herself and her food supplies. He asked if she worked in the summer. She was surprised by this question, because in the summer there are a lot of pleasant things to do, despite the fact that she should be preparing for winter. He probably expected such an answer and therefore refused her. He said that she could continue to sing and have fun. The author shows what consequences idleness can lead to using the example of a dragonfly. The dragonfly did not think that the ant had to work and, perhaps, it was not easy to collect food supplies and build a home. She just wanted to come prepared.

Here you can see hidden meaning, because we are talking not only about insects. If we transfer this to people, then the same thing will happen. Some people care about the future and try to do what’s best, while others don’t think about anything and live for their own pleasure. Many people want to live without thinking about anything, but for someone to do everything for them. But this doesn’t happen. To achieve something, you need to work and think not only about yourself.

Main characters

Ant

An ant is a small, hardworking and sedately living insect. However, asking the Ant for shelter, the “jumper” does not repent of her behavior, does not want to improve, but only asks for shelter until the “spring days”, so that later she can again enjoy the cheerful summer days. By this, Krylov emphasizes the incorrigibility of the “jumpers”, their constant craving for laziness, frivolity and idleness. The life of such people is meaningless and harmful to those around them, and those who shelter people like Dragonfly may run into ingratitude and begging. The author condemns people who live only for one day, do not think about the future and want to live at the expense of others.

On behalf of Ant, Krylov pronounces a dry verdict: “Have you been singing everything? So go ahead and dance.”

In the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant,” Krylov showed the ant as an intelligent and hardworking creature that works, regardless of the time of year, and thinks about tomorrow.

Dragonfly

While the dragonfly behaves stupidly and frivolously, having lived the whole summer without worries, and with the arrival of winter it asks for help from the “godfather ant”.

This often happens to people in life: some work almost around the clock, thinking about the future and their family, while others simply idle around in search of easy money, and then ask for help from people close to them. It often happens that some people live at the expense of others without a twinge of conscience.
Moral: If you want to be well-fed and warm in winter, you need to work all summer. Every line of the fable speaks about this.

Essay on the topic Krylov's Fable The Dragonfly and the Ant (grade 5)

Among the large number of fables written by I.A. Krylov, fables in which animals are the heroes occupy a special place. And since this genre of literature is based on allegory, animals carry not only some features, but also entire characters. A striking example of this is the fable “The Dragonfly and the Ant”.

Krylov took the plot about the hardworking Ant and the carefree Dragonfly from the French fabulist poet La Fontaine. However, Krylov's fable, unlike its predecessor, is more reminiscent of a fairy tale about animals, where each hero is endowed with a certain character trait. The ant represents hard work, the Dragonfly represents frivolity.
The young, carefree Dragonfly spends all summer days dancing and having fun. She doesn’t need anything, she doesn’t think about tomorrow. The main thing for her is to jump, skip, sing and dance.

The complete opposite is the Ant, who works all day. He works hard, prepares supplies so that he can calmly spend the winter.

Cold days are coming, and then the Dragonfly realizes that it has nowhere to hide. Hungry, frozen, she asks Ant to let her spend the winter. The Ant is surprised, what was the Dragonfly doing all the summer days? The answer that she “sang and danced” infuriates him. “Have you been singing everything? This is the thing: just go and dance!” he advises her. These words contain the main moral of the fable: retribution is sure to come for laziness and carelessness.
This happens with people too: you have to live not only for today, but also think about the future.

Option 2 Analysis of Krylov's fable The Dragonfly and the Ant Grade 2

Dragonfly and ant. One of the most revealing, instructive and relevant fables at any time. For children and adults. For representatives of various classes and strata of the population.

Few people know about this, but the idea of ​​the fable itself does not belong to Krylov. He just picked it up from another fabulist, La Fontaine, and remade it in his own way. And Lafontaine, in turn, took Aesop’s story as the basis for the fable. This shows how old the idea of ​​the fable is and how accurately the theme was noticed back in the heyday of Ancient Greece.

This is how life itself works: in order to survive difficult and fierce times (in the fable - winter), it is necessary to prepare for them in times that are not so difficult (in the fable - summer).

After easy and carefree times, when you can frolic and sing without soul every hour in the ant, hard times always follow. And this applies not only to the change of seasons. Rich years give way to crises, peace to war, fruitful years to years of drought. In the fable, the seasons are taken as a basis precisely for clarity. In order to show the inevitability of a change of times, so obvious to the practical ant and for some reason turning out to be an unpleasant surprise to the windy dragonfly.

So: summer. At a time when in theory one can dance joyfully, the ant is diligently preparing for winter. Stores food, firewood, and insulates the home. Who knows: maybe he himself is happy to dance and sing. But reason takes precedence over emotions, and the ant understands that if he sings now, then in the winter he will “oh, how he will sing.” The ant has an adult outlook on things. He knows how to draw conclusions from situations, knows how to see life in a day, week, months, understands the cause-and-effect relationship between actions now and consequences in the future. Prepared for winter - he won’t freeze, he won’t die of hunger, he’ll survive. If she sings, it means certain death in winter. Among other things, he, having an adult outlook on things, is accustomed to relying only on himself. Despite the fact that ants live in a huge society of their own kind (as well as people), and can well count on the help of loved ones, he does everything himself, just in case.

What does a dragonfly do? The dragonfly has the infantile thinking of a child, despite the fact that in the fable it is not presented as a child at all. She lives for today. She is not interested in what will happen tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, and even more so in a few months. “It’s warm now, good, why waste time and limit yourself in something? Why bother yourself with work when both the table and the house are ready for me under every leaf?” - that's how she thinks. In addition, the dragonfly has absolutely no idea that life can change. Today is summer, and everyone is happy to listen to her sing. And tomorrow it’s winter, and people have no time for songs. The second point of the dragonfly’s infantile thinking: it is accustomed to living at someone else’s expense. After all, this is what happened in the summer. Therefore, she calmly expects that this trend will continue in winter.

And the ant would probably be happy to shelter this adult child if he himself were a big fan of singing. After all, singing - if it pleases the ear - can also become a job. They pay for art. Connoisseurs. The ant is not a connoisseur. The ant is a hard worker, and at the same time a teacher. And not rich, apparently. the main task– survival. He's not soulless. He is not greedy (“I worked, but you didn’t! Look, I found it!”). He decides to teach the dragonfly a little sense. When the ant sarcastically recommends that the dragonfly change its role from a singer to a dancer, he at the same time recommends that the dragonfly “move”, “work hard”, dance, so as not to freeze. Much like the ballerina’s expression “If you want to live, know how to spin” has a double meaning, so does the ant’s phrase “So come and dance.” Perhaps the expression “She will dance for me” has roots in the same fable.

I would like to hope that winter will teach the dragonfly a lot. Even if the carefree Madame Dragonfly finds a kind soul ready to shelter her for singing in the evenings by the fireplace, she will first have to receive a series of refusals and moralizing from the wise ants.

Text and analysis of the fable The Peasant and the Snake