Literary and historical notes of a young technician. Literary and historical notes of a young technician Why did Simonov indicate the year 6750 in the poem
On April 5, 1242, 770 years ago, the Russian prince Alexander Nevsky defeated the knights of the Livonian Order on the ice of Lake Peipus, preventing them from carrying out “Drang nach Osten”.
If it weren’t for the prince, who has little tolerance for foreign cultures and customs, they would have been eating sausages and beer for 700 years.
Raising swords of Russian steel,
Bending the spear shafts,
They flew out of the forest screaming
Novgorod regiments.
Leaning towards the shaggy manes;
And the first on a huge horse
The prince got into the German system...
History and reconstruction of the Battle of the Ice. Videos - texts - 3D pictures in stock.
Konstantin Simonov, poem “Battle on the Ice”
On blue and wet
Peipus cracked ice
In six thousand seven hundred and fiftieth
From the Creation year,
On Saturday, April 5th,
Damp dawn
Advanced considered
The marching Germans are in a dark formation.
On the hats there are feathers of cheerful birds,
The helmets have horse tails.
Above them on heavy shafts
Black crosses swayed.
The squires are proudly behind
They brought family shields,
On them there are coats of arms with bear faces,
Weapons, towers and flowers.
Everything was devilishly beautiful
As if these gentlemen
Having already broken our strength,
We went here for a walk.
Well, let's bring shelves to shelves,
We've had enough of embassies, betrayals,
I'll leave us with Raven Stone
And at our right hand, He will make us undeniable.
Ice below us, sky above us,
Our cities are behind us,
No forest, no land, no bread
Never take it again.
All night, crackling like tar, they burned
Behind us are red fires.
We warmed our hands before the battle,
So that the axes do not slip.
Angle forward, away from everyone,
Dressed in fur coats, army jackets,
They stood dark with anger
Pskov foot regiments.
The Germans finished them off with iron,
They stole their children and wives,
Their yard was plundered, their cattle were slaughtered,
The crops are trampled, the house is burned.
The prince placed them in the middle,
To be the first to accept the pressure, -
Reliable in dark times
A man's forged axe!
The prince in front of the Russian regiments
He turned his horse around,
Hands clad in steel
He poked angrily under the clouds.
"Let God judge us with the Germans
Without delay here on the ice,
We have swords with us, and come what may,
Let’s help God’s court!”
The prince galloped to the coastal rocks,
Having climbed them with difficulty,
He found a high ledge,
Where you can see everything around.
And he looked back. Somewhere behind
Among the trees and stones,
His regiments are in ambush,
Keeping the horses tied.
And ahead, on the ringing ice floes
Rattling with heavy scales,
The Livonians ride in a formidable wedge -
Pig's iron head.
The first onslaught of the Germans was terrible.
To the Russian infantry at an angle,
Two rows of horse towers
They went straight ahead.
Like angry lambs in a storm,
Among the German bigwigs
White shirts flashed
Men's lamb hats.
In washed undershirts,
Throwing sheepskin coats on the ground,
They rushed into mortal combat,
Opening the gate wide.
This makes it easier to hit the enemy in a big way,
And if you have to die,
It's better to have a clean shirt
To stain with your blood.
They are with their eyes open
They walked towards the Germans bare-chested,
Cutting your fingers to the bone,
They bowed their spears to the ground.
And where the spears bent down,
They are in desperate slaughter
They cut through the German formations
Shoulder to shoulder, back to back.
Ontsyfor made his way into the depths of the ranks,
With a dented neck and rib,
Spinning and jumping, he chopped
A big heavy axe.
Seven times his ax rose,
The armor warped seven times,
Seven times the Livonian bent down
And he fell off his horse with a clang.
With the eighth, the last according to vow,
Ontsyfror stood face to face,
When his ninth is on the side
He hit the sacrum with a sword.
Ontsyfor silently turned around,
With difficulty I gathered the rest of my strength,
He rushed at the red-haired German
And he mowed it down with an axe.
They fell to the ground next to each other
And they fought in the crush for a long time.
Ontsyfor with a dim look
Noticed a chink in his armor.
Peeling the skin from the palm,
He climbed through with all his fingers
To where the edge of the German helmet is
It was not tightly connected to the armor.
And with my last breath,
He is in the fingers, hard and thin,
Deadly squeezed goodbye
Fleshy knight's Adam's apple.
People and horses are already mixed,
Swords, poleaxes, axes,
And the prince is still calm
Watching the battle from the mountain.
The face is frozen, as if on purpose,
He fastened the helmet to the bridle
And a hat with wolf trim
I pulled it over my forehead and ears.
His warriors were bored
The horses were trampling, the fire was smoldering.
The old boyars grumbled:
“Is the prince’s sword not sharp?
This is not how fathers and grandfathers fought
For your destiny, for your city,
They rushed into battle, looking for victory,
Risking the prince’s head!”
The prince silently listened to the conversations,
He sat frowning on his horse;
Today he didn’t save the city,
Not a patrimony, not your destiny.
Today by the power of the people
He blocked the way for the Livonians,
And the one who took the risk today -
He risked all of Russia.
Let the boyars rumble together -
He saw everything, he knew for sure
When ambush regiments need
Give the agreed signal.
And, only after waiting for the Livonians,
Having mixed ranks, they were drawn into battle,
He, blazing his sword in the sun,
He led the squad behind him.
Raising swords of Russian steel,
Bending the spear shafts,
They flew out of the forest screaming
Novgorod regiments.
They flew across the ice with clanging and thunder,
Leaning towards the shaggy manes;
And the first on a huge horse
The prince got into the German system.
And, retreating before the prince,
Throwing spears and shields,
The Germans fell from their horses to the ground,
Raising iron fingers.
The bay horses were getting excited,
Dust rose from under the hooves,
Bodies dragged through the snow,
Stuck in narrow stirrups.
It was a severe mess
Iron, blood and water.
In place of knightly detachments
There were bloody trails.
Some lay choking
In bloody icy water,
Others rushed away, ducking,
Cowardly spurring the horses.
The horses were drowning under them,
The ice stood on end under them,
Their stirrups pulled them to the bottom,
The shell did not allow them to swim out.
Wandered under the sidelong glances
Quite a few gentlemen caught
For the first time with bare heels
Diligently slapping on the ice.
And the prince, barely cooled down from the dump,
I was already watching from under my hand,
Like the fugitives, the remainder is pitiful
He went to the Livonian lands.
We need to remember our history and follow our own path.
Currently, we use dating years from the birth of Christ and the Gregorian calendar. The Julian calendar, the so-called “old style”, has not been forgotten either. Every January we remember him when we celebrate “old” New Year. Also, the media carefully reminds us of the change of years according to the Chinese, Japanese, Thai and other calendars. Of course, this broadens our horizons.
Let's expand our horizons. But to make our horizons even broader, let’s touch on the ancient tradition of calculating the chronology of the Slavic peoples - the Daariysky Circle of Chislobog, according to which our Ancestors lived not so long ago. Nowadays, this calendar is used only by Old Believers - representatives of the most ancient Slavic-Aryan Faith - Ingliism. The widespread use of our ancient calendar ceased a little more than 300 years ago, when Tsar Peter 1, by his Decree, introduced a foreign calendar on the territory of Rus' and ordered that on the night of January 1, the advent of 1700 years from the birth of Jesus Christ be celebrated.
Calendar reform stole (at least) 5,500 years of our history. And in Rus' at that time it was Summer 7208 from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple. It is generally accepted that this innovation of Peter the Great was progress for Russia, introducing it to “European culture.” But it is not said at all that the emperor not only changed the calendar, he actually “stole” it, at a minimum (!). five and a half thousand years of our true history. After all, the event from which the years were counted - the Creation of the World in the Star Temple (5508 BC) did not mean the creation of the universe by the biblical god, but literally; the signing of a peace treaty in the year of the Star Temple according to the Circle of Chislobog after the victory of the Power of the Great Race (in the modern sense - Russia) over the Empire of the Great Dragon (in the modern sense - China). By the way, the symbolic image of a rider on a white horse slaying a dragon with a spear, known in Christian tradition as St. George the Victorious, actually symbolizes precisely this victory. That is why this symbol has long been so widespread and revered in Rus' among the Slavic-Aryan peoples.
From what events was chronology based?
A natural question arises: from what event was the chronology until the Creation of the World in the Star Temple? The answer is obvious - from an earlier significant event. Moreover, years from different events could be counted in parallel. This is exactly how the ancient chronicles began with the mention of several time periods. As an example, let's give several dates for the current year 2004 from RX: - Summer 7512 from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple - Summer 13012 from the Great Cooling - Summer 44548 from the Creation of the Great Colo Russenia - Summer 106782 from the Founding of Asgard of Iria - Summer 111810 from the Great Migration from Daariya - Summer 142994 from the period of Three Moons - Summer 153370 from Assa Dei - Summer 185770 from the Time of Thule - Summer 604378 from the Time of Three Suns, etc. Obviously, in the context of modern “official” chronology, these dates look simply fantastic, but for an independent-minded person interested in ancient Cultural heritage peoples of the Earth, such “chasms of years” do not look so frightening. After all, not only in the Slavic-Aryan Vedas, but also in quite numerous written monuments that have reached us throughout the Earth, much longer periods of historical time are mentioned. Unbiased archaeological and paleo-astronomical research also points to these same facts. It will also be very interesting to remember that in pre-Petrine times in Rus', not numbers were used to designate numerical quantities, as is now customary, but titular initial letters, i.e. Slavic letters with service symbols.
What did Cyril and Methodius “fix”?
And since the calendar is a written tradition (try orally leading and transmitting such a complex and dynamic array of information from generation to generation), it is obvious that before the time of Peter I, writing already existed in Rus' for at least (!) seven centuries. more than a thousand years. However, it is believed that writing was “invented” especially for us “illiterates” by two Greek monks Cyril and Methodius, who only added a few Greek letters to our alphabet instead of diphthongs they did not understand. And, modestly speaking, the ever-increasing pompousness during the annual “Cyril and Methodius celebrations” and “birthdays” of “Slavic” writing is surprising. At present, since we use the modern calendar (from A.D.), it would be more correct to use it only for events of the last three hundred years. And more ancient events, for a clear understanding of their essence, must be dated in the chronology system that was used before 1700. Otherwise, a misinterpretation of our history, culture, traditions and customs is possible. The dating of pre-Petrine events in modern textbooks is sincerely regrettable. For example, the year 1242 is called the year of the Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipus, and at that time in Rus' it was 6750. Or, for example, the year of baptism of Kyiv is considered to be 988 from the birth of Jesus Christ. But in Kyiv they celebrated the Summer of 6496 from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple.
Brothers and sisters, let's remember our past, look for it, if evil minds are hiding it from us on purpose.
- Why did the poet not only describe the feat of Lieutenant Petrov, but also talk about Lenka’s childhood, about his friendship with Major Deev?
- Why does the major send Lenka on such an important and dangerous mission?
- Re-read the place where Deev’s condition is described after Lenka’s departure (“The Major remained in the dugout...”). In your reading aloud, try to convey the major’s feelings and anxiety.
- Read an excerpt from K. Simonov’s military correspondence: “On the ridge of snow-covered rocks, where we had to almost crawl for a good two hours, commander Skrobov sits at his observation post continuously, day and night.
- What other poems about the Great Patriotic War have you read?
“The Artilleryman’s Son” describes the feat of not just Lieutenant Petrov, but, above all, the feat of the artilleryman’s son. That’s why the story of friendship with Major Deev is so important.
With this decision, he shows both the degree of importance of the task and, at the same time, his sense of military duty. The son of an artilleryman can and must carry out this responsible task.
As we see, the major’s anxiety can only be conveyed by intonation - he is a reserved person and did not want his feelings in words or actions to be felt by those around him, especially so that Lenka would understand this.
This place looks like an eagle’s nest, and Skrobov’s observers, motionlessly crouched in their wide white robes to the ridge of the rock, look like large white birds.
Constant, continuous, furious, cutting wind. Here at the top it blows for a minute, an hour, a day, a week, a month, a year. It always blows. The observers have wind-chapped lips and red, sore eyes. But from here, from this rock open to all four winds, all the roads and paths are visible...
The wires go forward to the second observation point - it is only five hundred meters from the Germans, however, once, when it was necessary, it was not five hundred meters from the Germans, but five hundred meters behind the Germans. Artilleryman Lieutenant Loskutov crawled to the rear of the Germans with a radio transmitter and adjusted the fire from there for three days.”
How do you imagine the process of creating a poem from such war correspondence?
Before us are two works of art - an essay and a poem. They have the same author, the same plot and similar characters. But the poetic lines enhance the emotional impact on the reader and the images of the heroes are given in more detail (we learn a lot more about them). The process of creating a work itself is difficult to imagine, but the difference between genres helps to understand some aspects of this process. Material from the site
About the Great Patriotic War many works were created: poems by K. M. Simonov “The Boy on the Carriage”, A. T. Tvardovsky “I was killed near Rzhev...”, R. G. Gamzatov “Cranes”, A. A. Akhmatova “Courage”... Many poems about the war became songs. This is “My Moscow” by M. Lisyansky, and “In the fields beyond the sleepy Vistula...” by E. Vinokurova... Each generation adds new songs to this list.
One can say about Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov that he was a Soviet legend, poet and writer, journalist, screenwriter and public figure, whose works have been appreciated by more than one generation. The biography of Konstantin Simonov is very rich and tells about the enormous literary talent that was forged under the bullets and explosive shells of World War II.
Konstantin Simonov. short biography
The writer's real name is Kirill; he was born on November 15 (28), 1915 in Petrograd. The writer did not know his father; he disappeared without a trace during the First World War.
When the boy was four years old, he and his mother moved to Ryazan, where he had a stepfather, A.G. Ivanishev, a former White Guard, colonel, who after the revolution taught combat tactics in military schools, and then became the commander of the Red Army.
The biography of Konstantin Simonov further tells that his life was later spent in military garrisons and commanders' dormitories. After graduating from seven-year school, he studied at a factory school. Afterwards he began working as a turner in Saratov, and then, in 1931, his family moved to Moscow. A few years later, he entered to study at them. Gorky. During his student years, Konstantin Simonov wrote many works of art and poetry. short biography further indicates that after graduating from the institute, in 1936, he began to publish in the literary magazines “October” and “Young Guard”. And in the same year he was accepted into the Union of Writers of the USSR.
War correspondent service
Then he studies at the IFLI graduate school and publishes the poem “Pavel Cherny.” He will change his name Kirill to the pseudonym Konstantin due to his failure to pronounce the letter “r”.
The biography of Konstantin Simonov contains the fact that in 1939 he was sent as a war correspondent to Khalkhin Gol, after which he would not return to his institute. At this time, its popularity begins to grow.
In 1940, he wrote the play “The Story of a Love,” followed by the play “The Guy from Our Town” in 1941. Then he entered the Military-Political Academy named after. Lenin and graduated in 1941 with the military rank of quartermaster of the second rank.
War
At the very beginning of the Second World War he was drafted into the army, worked at the publishing house “Battle Banner”, but almost immediately left as a special correspondent for “Red Star” to besieged Odessa. The biography of Konstantin Simonov in these years is very rich.
He received the rank of senior battalion commissar in 1942, in 1943 he was awarded the rank of lieutenant colonel, and after the war he received the rank of colonel. During these years, he wrote such famous works as “Wait for Me,” “Russian People,” “Days and Nights,” and collections of poems “War” and “With You and Without You.”
Konstantin Simonov visited Yugoslavia, Romania, Poland and Germany as a war correspondent. He witnessed last days battles for Berlin.
All these events were described in numerous collections of essays: “Slavic Friendship”, “Yugoslav Notebook”, “Letters from Czechoslovakia”, etc.
Post-war creativity
At the end of the war, the biography of Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov indicates that for three years he worked as editor of the magazine “ New world” and was on frequent business trips to China, the USA and Japan. Then, from 1958 to 1960, he worked in the Pravda publication of the Central Asian republics.
His famous works of that time were the novels “Comrades in Arms,” “The Last Summer,” and “Soldiers Are Not Born.” Many artistic paintings were made based on them.
After Stalin's death, K. Simonov writes several articles about him, and for this he falls into disgrace with Khrushchev. He is urgently removed from the post of editor-in-chief of Literaturnaya Gazeta.
The writer died in Moscow on August 28, 1979. The biography of Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov stops here. According to the writer’s will, his ashes were scattered near Mogilev, over the Buinichi field. The writer’s widow Larisa Zhadova, his children, front-line friends and veterans took part in this process. This place was dear to him because in 1941 he witnessed brutal battles and how Soviet troops knocked out 39 fascist tanks. He describes these events in the novel “The Living and the Dead” and in the diary “Different Days of the War.”
Today there is a huge stone installed on the outskirts of the field with a memorial plaque “K. M. Simonov." He had many awards and titles. After all, he was a truly great Russian man.
Konstantin Simonov: biography, personal life
His first wife was Natalya Viktorovna Ginzburg, who graduated with honors from the Literary Institute. Gorky and worked literary critic, and then headed the editorial office of Profizdat. The writer dedicated his wonderful poem “Five Pages” (1938) to her.
His second wife was Evgenia Samoilovna Laskina, who worked as a literary editor and headed the poetry department at the Moscow publishing house. Thanks to her, Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” was published in the 60s. In 1939, she gave birth to his son Alexei.
Serova
In 1940, Konstantin Simonov falls in love with actress Valentina Serova, the wife of the deceased brigade commander Anatoly Serov (Hero of Spain) and breaks up with Laskina.
In the topic: “Konstantin Simonov: biography and creativity,” one cannot help but note the fact that love has always been the main inspiration for him. At this time he writes his famous work“Wait for me,” and then a film of the same name comes out, where main role played by Valentina Serova. They lived together for 15 years, and in 1950 their daughter Maria was born.
In 1940 he created his famous work “The Guy from Our Town”. His wife became the prototype for the main character Varya, and Anatoly Serov was Lukonin. But the actress did not want to participate in the play, as she was still grieving the loss of her husband.
In 1942, a collection of poems “With You and Without You” appeared, which was dedicated to Valentina Vasilyevna Serova. It was completely impossible to get this book, so it was copied by hand and learned by heart. In those years, no poet had such resounding success as Konstantin Simonov, especially after the release of this collection.
They got married in 1943, and a huge number of guests gathered at their home. Valentina Vasilyevna went through the entire war with her husband as part of concert teams. In 1946, Simonov, on behalf of the government, travels to France to return emigrant writers I. Bunin, N. Teffi, B. Zaitsev to their homeland and takes his wife.
Zhadova
But their love story did not have a happy ending.
The last wife of the writer in 1957 was the daughter of Hero Soviet Union General A.S. Zhadov - Larisa Alekseevna, widow of Simonov's deceased front-line friend S.P. Gudzenko. She was a famous art critic. Simonov adopted her daughter from her first marriage, Ekaterina, then they had a daughter, Alexandra.
Many generations of historians are baffled by a brief entry in one of the most authoritative sources - the Ipatiev Chronicle: “In the summer of 6750 there was nothing less.” That is, this year there was no remarkable event worthy of entering the annals of history. But the summer of 6750 is the year 1242! This spring, on April 5, Alexander Nevsky defeated the army of the Teutonic Order on the ice of Lake Peipsi. This battle, known to every schoolchild as the Battle of the Ice, is considered one of the most significant events in history. medieval Rus'. Why didn’t the chronicler know anything about her? Let's try to shed some light on this mystery.
Official version
Our compatriots mainly judge the Battle of the Ice from the famous film by Sergei Eisenstein “Alexander Nevsky” - a brilliant picture, but, unfortunately, very far from the historical truth. However, when filming, the director relied on the classic version of the battle on Lake Peipsi, accepted by official Russian historiography. This version still dominates today.
So, in August 1240, the Teutonic Order, which had established itself in the Baltic lands, began a campaign against Rus'. This army consisted of the Teutonic knights with their servants, the militia of the Dorpat bishop Herman, the squad of the Pskov prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich, who defected to the enemies, the army of the Estonians and the army of some king mentioned in the Livonian rhymed chronicle (either Danish or Swedish). The crusaders took Izborsk and defeated the Pskov army that came out to meet them. 800 Pskov residents died in the battle, including the governor Gavrila Gorislavovich - the same one who allegedly soon opened the gates of Pskov to the Germans after a seven-day siege. The Livonian invasion did not prevent the Novgorod freemen from expelling Prince Alexander Nevsky to Pereslavl-Zalessky. And only when the Germans captured the Koporye fortress and found themselves 30 versts from Novgorod, the Novgorodians came to their senses and called the prince back.
Returning to Novgorod in 1241, Nevsky marched to Koporye, took the fortress by storm, released some of the captured knights (presumably for a good ransom), and hanged the entire Chud from the Koporye garrison. In March 1242, Alexander, together with his brother Andrei, who came to the rescue at the head of the Vladimir army, took Pskov. After this, the war moved into the domain of the order.
On April 5, 1242, the opposing armies met on the ice of Lake Peipsi. The German-Chukhon army formed a closed phalanx in the form of a wedge; such a formation was also called the “iron pig”. This wedge, at the top of which the best knights of the order fought, pierced the center of the Russian army, and individual warriors fled. Having waited for the moment when the crusaders were bogged down deep enough in the Russian army, Prince Alexander struck with his best forces from the flanks and took the enemy in pincers. Unable to withstand the onslaught, the Germans began a retreat that turned into a stampede. The Russians drove them across the lake for seven miles, but not all of them reached the opposite shore of Sobolitsky. In a number of places the ice broke under the crowded Germans, many of them ended up in the water and drowned.
There were no drowned people
Many books have been written about the Battle of the Ice, which provide detailed details of the battle, maps, diagrams... But the inquisitive researcher still has many questions. For example, it is not clear in what specific place this battle took place, how many soldiers took part in it, what were the losses of the opposing sides, etc.
By official version, in the Russian army there were 15-17 thousand people, in the order - 10-12 thousand. But at that time there could not have been so many people under any circumstances. By the end of the 30s of the 13th century, the entire population of Novgorod, including women, children and old people, was a little more than 14 thousand people. Therefore, the Novgorod militia could not have been more than two thousand people. And even if we add to them a certain number of militias from other places of the Novgorod land, as well as Pskovites, the princely squads of Alexander and Andrey, we will still get an army of a maximum of 3-4 thousand warriors.
What about the enemy army? The rhyming chronicle says that for every order warrior in the battle there were 60 Russians. But this is a clear exaggeration. In fact, the German-Chukhon forces amounted to 1200-1800 people. And if we consider that the entire Teutonic Order, together with the Livonian Order that joined it, numbered less than three hundred brother knights, most of whom at that time fought for the Holy Sepulcher in Palestine, no more than fifty of them could go to battle with the Russians; The bulk of the army was made up of Chud - the ancestors of today's Estonians.
Our chronicles are bashfully silent about Russian losses. But about the Germans it is said that 500 knights died on the ice of Lake Peipsi, fifty were taken prisoner, and the Chuds were beaten “without number.” And the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle believes that only 20 knights were killed in the battle and six were captured. Of course, in all wars, one’s own losses are downplayed and the enemy’s are exaggerated, but here the discrepancy in numbers is too great.
Moreover, Russian sources claim that the main losses of the Teutons were due to the fact that the spring ice could not withstand the weight of the armor of the huddled knights and many of them drowned. A legitimate question arises: why didn’t the Russian knights fail?
Modern historian Anatoly Bakhtin claims that all the chronicle information about the battle was falsified: “There was no mind-blowing pandemonium of the warring parties, nor was there a mass departure of people under the ice. In those days, the armor of the Teutons was comparable in weight to the weapons of Russian warriors. The same chain mail, shield, sword. Only instead of the traditional Slavic shishak, the head of the brother knights was protected by a bucket-shaped helmet. There were no armored horses in those days. In none of the existing chronicles is it possible to find a story about the cracked ice on Lake Peipus, about the participants in the battle who went under the water.”
Triumph of Propaganda
Summarizing the above, we have to admit: there was simply no great battle comparable in scale to the Grunwald one. There was a border skirmish between two detachments - at that time, however, quite significant. And this victory was inflated to epic proportions by Novgorod “image makers” on the direct orders of Alexander Nevsky. Thus, his name was forever inscribed in the history of Russia. Isn't this the greatest triumph of propaganda?
Is this why the Ipatiev Chronicle says: “In the summer of 6750 there was nothing”? Either the chronicler was not sufficiently informed, or did not consider it necessary to translate expensive parchment for such an insignificant event. Of course, historians still do not know exactly where this chronicle was written. But certainly not in Novgorod land. And at that time of civil strife, few people were interested in the affairs of their neighbors. However, if the battle on Lake Peipsi had such an epoch-making significance as domestic historians attribute to it, it would have been much more widely reflected in the documents of that time.
And in the “Chronicle of the Prussian Land” by Peter of Dusburg, the Battle of the Ice is also not mentioned. And even in the Laurentian Chronicle, based on the grand ducal code of 1281, compiled under the son of Alexander Nevsky, Prince Dmitry, it is said sparingly: “In the summer of 6750, Alexander Yaroslavich went from Novgorod to Nemtsi and fought with them on the Chudsky lake on the Voroniya stone. And defeat Alexander and drive them across the ice 7 miles.”
Modern historian and writer Andrei Balabukha writes: “But gradually, through the efforts of associates (like Metropolitan Kirill - the same one who in 1263, after the death of Alexander, said, addressing the residents of the capital city of Vladimir: “My dear children! Know that the sun of the Russian land has set!” ") and the princely descendants, the propaganda myth completely prevailed over historical facts. And this situation - in public opinion, in fiction, in school and university textbooks, finally - persists to this day.
Let’s leave aside ideology and propaganda and ask ourselves the only question: if the formidable sword of Alexander Nevsky really stopped the invasion of the order, why did his distant descendant Ivan IV the Terrible, three centuries later, have to wage the infamous Livonian War with this very order?”
Valery NIKOLAEV
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