Present-future tense in Turkish (-ir). Future is past tense. Gelecek zamanın hikayesi Exceptions: some verbs with a monosyllabic base are modified as words with a polysyllabic base
Used:
The present-future tense expresses an action (phenomenon) that occurs regularly:
1) Due to the laws existing in nature: Snow falls in winter. The earth revolves around the sun.
2) Established procedures and rules: Banks are closed on holidays. The working day lasts 8 hours.
3) Established tastes and habits: In the morning I get up at 7 o’clock. Every day I swim. Every summer we go to Turkey.
The present-future tense expresses an action in the future tense that depends on another action or condition, that is, there is no certainty that the action will definitely be performed:
He'll probably come tomorrow.
Next year, maybe we'll go to Turkey.
The present-future tense can express a future action with a connotation of agreement, an offer to the interlocutor, a promise (unsteady), a request:
Then I'll call you back.
Can you pass me the salt?
Will you (drink) coffee?
The present-future tense can express a future action with a tinge of distrust, doubt, fear, bewilderment and is translated with the word “unless”:
Will he agree to come with us?
Will we make it by seven o'clock?
The present-future tense is used in proverbs, sayings, and set phrases.
Education:
verb stem with vowel + -r +
Ben okur um – I read (read)
Sen başlarsın – You are starting (you will begin)
O bekler - He is waiting (will wait)
Biz uyuruz – We are sleeping (let's sleep)
Siz yürürsünüz – You are going (will you go)
Onlar anlarlar – They understand (will understand)
polysyllabic consonant stem + -ır (ir, ur, ür) + personal affix of the first group (im, sin, iz, siniz, ler)
Ben çalışır ım – I am working (I will work)
Sen konuşursun – You speak (talk)
O düşünür – He thinks (will think)
Biz görüşürüz – We see each other (see you)
Siz getirirsiniz – You bring (will bring)
Onlar gönderirler – They send (will send)
monosyllabic stem with consonant + -ar/ er + personal affix of the first group (im, sin, iz, siniz, ler)
Ben yazar ım – I am writing (will write)
Sen sorarsın – You ask (you ask)
O sever - He loves (will love)
Biz gezeriz – We’re taking a walk (let’s take a walk)
Siz gülersiniz – You laugh (laugh)
Onlar bakarlar – They are watching (will look)
Exceptions: some verbs with a monosyllabic stem are inflected as words with a polysyllabic stem:
almak – alırım
bilmek – bilirim
bulmak – bulurum
denmek-denirim
durmak – durum
gelmek – gelirim
görmek – görürüm
kalmak – kalırım
olmak – olurum
ölmek – ölürüm
sanmak – sanırım
varmak – varırım
vermek – veririm
vurmak – vururum
From polysyllabic verb stems formed with the auxiliary verb etmek, the present-future tense is formed using the suffix -er, with the last consonant of the stem t between two vowels becoming d:
affetmek – affeder
bahsetmek – bahseder
seyretmek – seyreder
Negative form of present-future tense
The negative form of the present-future tense is formed using the suffix -maz/ -mez, which includes both the negation and the tense indicator.
Exception:
Ben verb stem + -mam/ -mem
Biz verb stem + -mayız/ -meyiz
Ben almam - I won't buy
Sen almaz sin – You won’t buy
O almaz – He won’t buy
Biz gitmeyiz – We won’t go
Siz gitmezsiniz – You won’t go
Onlar gitmezler – They won’t go
Ben beklemem – I'm not waiting
Sen beklemezsin – You are not waiting
O beklemez - They don't wait
Biz çalışmayız – We are not working
Siz çalışmazsınız – You are not working
Onlar çalışmazlar – They don’t work
Interrogative form of present-future tense.
The interrogative form of the present-future tense is formed using the interrogative particle mı/ mi/ mu/ mü.
verb stem + suffix n.-b. time -r, -ir/ -ir/-ur/ -ür, -ar/ -er + interrogative particle mı/ mi/ mu/ mü + predicate suffix of category I
Exception: Onlar -> çalışırlar mı?
Ben çalışır mı yım ? - I will work?
Sen çalışır mısın? - Will you work?
O çalışır mı? - He works?
Biz yardım eder miyiz? - Shall we help?
Siz yardım eder misiniz? - You will help?
Onlar yardım ederler mi? - Will they help?
Interrogative form present-bud. tense is often used to denote an action with shades of a request, an offer (to an interlocutor), a polite request. It is translated into Russian using a negative verb with a question or a verb in the imperative mood with the word “please”:
Kaleminizi verir misiniz? -Will you give me your pen?
Bekler misin - Can't you wait? / Wait please.
Çay ister misiniz - Would you like some tea? / Will you have some tea? /Would you like some tea?
Interrogative-negative form of the present-future tense.
verb stem + suffix -maz/ -mez + interrogative particle mı/ mi/ + predicate suffix of category I
Exception: Onlar çalışmazlar mı?
Ben konuşmaz mı yım ? - Shouldn't I talk?
Sen konuşmaz mısın? - Won't you talk?
O konuşmaz mı? - He won't talk?
Biz beklemez miyiz? – We won’t wait?
Siz beklemez misiniz? -Won't you wait?
Onlar beklemezler mi? - They won't wait?
The present-future tense presents some difficulties for understanding, since there is no such tense in the Russian language; we translate it into Russian, depending on the context, with a verb in the present or future tense (I will do). Nast-bud. Often used with words indicating the regularity of an action: every day, year, month, morning, always.
I smoke (in general) – Sigara içerim
I smoke (at the moment) – Sigara içiyorum
He will say - der
Will speak – diyecek
Time for gossip on mışTime we will talk about today
this is a very, very interesting time, analogues
which seems to not exist in any other
language of the world (not counting the Turkic group). Eat
linguists' assumption that it was born
in the Turkish people, because gossip and
other people's gossip is very typical of these
to eastern people. In the scientific community it is called
it is “past-non-obvious” or
“past-subjective” tense, then
it tells about those facts of the past,
which the speaker himself was not a witness to.
1) we are talking about facts in the past, information about which is not
reliable because the speaker himself was not an eyewitness to them and
I learned about what happened from someone. Using this time man
as if he were saying to his interlocutor “for what I bought it, for that I sell it - with
Bribes are fine with me." Imagine you are chatting with a friend and
tell him the news that you also learned about from someone.
- Can you imagine, Yasmin turns out to be married!
- Wow! Seriously?
- Well, yes, Fatih told me yesterday.
Keep in mind that the news read from the newspaper
seen on TV are also not reliable - if you
when retelling them to someone, use the time on mış.
2) we are talking about facts based on one’s own or
later conclusion.
In this case, secret keywords will help us -
“it turns out” - “meğer” and “it seems” “görünüşe göre”.
3) stylistic device when telling fairy tales, epics, parables,
jokes - according to the principle “in some kingdom in some
state” either was or wasn’t. 4) We are talking about the accomplished result, and the
you did not see the process of accomplishment. You are looking
in the morning you look out the window and exclaim in surprise
" - Wow! How much snow fell! -You haven't seen how
he walked all night, but when he opened the window they saw that everyone
white-white. Or haven’t been to some place for a long time,
drive through it and see what happens here
built a huge house. “-Oh, what a house is this?
built! He wasn’t here last year!”
5) When the speaker expresses an assumption or
even the certainty that something happened, although it is in
due to its subjective nature, this may not be the case.
You're telling something to a friend and suddenly you say, “yes.”
what am I telling you, of course you are already everything
Understood". But this is your opinion, maybe a friend will answer you
“No, I don’t understand.”
This is our time “on mış”
Formula for constructing time on mış
Ben almışım I tookalmamışım did not take
Sen almışsın you took almamışsın you didn’t take
O almış
he took almamış
didn't take it
Biz almışız
we took almamışız we didn’t take
Siz almışsınız you took almamışınız you didn’t take
Onlar almışlar they took almamışlar they didn’t take
Thus it is clear that time is declining
according to the usual rule with affixes
predicates of the first group. None
There are no special features or exceptions. Interrogative form of a sentence
be built according to the general rule
education times.
Ben almış mıyım?
I took?
Sen almış mısın?
You took?
O almış mı?
He took?
Biz almış mıyız?
We took?
Siz almış mısınız?
You took?
Onlar almışlar mı?
They took?
Please note that Form 3
plurals in
question form leaves
clean interrogative particle, and for
examples
Dün Mehmet senin kızkardeşine rasgelmiş. YesterdayMehmet (speaks) met your sister.
Meğer yorgunluktan ben 12 saat uyumuşum.
It turns out that I slept for 12 hours due to fatigue.
Bak, kar yağamış! Look, it's snowing!
Siz her halde artık anlamışsınız. You probably already
everyone understood.
Evet, belki sert konuşmuşum. Yes, probably me
spoke sharply.
Bir varmış bir yokmuş - it was or it wasn’t
- the classic beginning of all fairy tales, like “in
some kingdom, and some state"
Dictionary for examples
Rasgelmek - to meet (unexpectedly)Kar - snow
Yorgunluk - fatigue
Uyumak - to sleep
Her halde - probably, most likely,
Anyway
Yağmak – to go (about precipitation – rain, snow,
city)
Sert – hard, tough, rough
Belki – maybe
This time is used to:
Indicate an action that should have been performed in the past or that was supposed to be performed in the past, but for some reason was not performed. In other words, gelecek zamanın hiyakesi expresses unfulfilled intention in the past.
For example:
Ben gazete okuyacaktım ama ablam misafir geldi. – I was going to read newspaper, but my sister came to visit.
Ben size gelecektim ama hasta oldum. – I wanted to come to you, but got sick.
As we see, when translated into Russian, this tense can be translated with such additional words as: “ was going to», « intended», « wanted», « had», « was about to" etc. In this case, the meaning of the sentence does not change in either language.
This tense is also used in conditional sentences. And it is translated into Russian as a form of the subjunctive mood, that is, when translated into Russian, sentences will be translated according to the following scheme: “ If…., then….».
For example:
Eğer sen seslenmeseydin ben seni görmeyecektim. – If you hadn't called, I would did not see you.
Eğer sen beğenmeseydin ben o elbiseyi almayacaktım. – If you didn't like it, I would did not buy this dress.
Thus, this form is used to talk about events (stories) in the past. Therefore, in Turkish this time sounds like gelecek zamanın hikayesi, which literally translates as “story in the future tense.”
The future-past tense is formed as follows:
Affirmative form
Verb stem+ -acaktı / -ecekti + personal pronoun endings
When we form the stem of a verb, we must remove the endings -mak / -mek from the infinitive
Depending on the ending of the verb depends which affix we choose. If the verb ends in -mak, then we use the affix -acaktı, if the verb ends in -mek, then we use the affix -ecekti.
Let's look at the verb okumak (read). First, we need to drop the ending of the infinitive -mak, after which we get the stem oku. Since this verb in the infinitive has the ending -mak, we will add the affix -acaktı to the stem, and then the personal ending of the pronouns, depending on the sentence. So, in 1st person singular. h. we form a word okuy acaktı m.
Sometimes, to prevent two vowels from merging in a word, the linking element y is used.
As, for example, in the word ok u y a caktım To prevent the vowels u and a from merging, insert the letter y between them. This must be remembered, since when forming the future-past tense, such situations will often occur.
Ben ödevlerimi yapacaktım fakat biraz rahatsızlandım. – I was going to do lessons, but felt bad.
O kitap okuyacaktı ama ışıkları sondürdüler. – He was going to read book, but turned off the light.
Onlar görüşte bir birilerini öpecektiler ama küstüler. – They should have kissed each other when they met, but were offended.
Biz size gelecektik fakat araba bozuldu. – We wanted to come to you, but the car has broken down.
Biz taşınacaktık ama ev bulmadınız. – We wanted to move b, but didn’t find the house.
Negative form
Verb stem+ -ma / -me + -acaktı / -ecekti + personal pronoun endings
As we see, the negative form is formed according to almost the same principle as the affirmative form. Simply, when negating, we add a negative particle to the affixes, which is used in all tenses. So, we use -ma (if the verb in the infinitive has the ending -mak); -me (if the verb in the infinitive has the ending -mek).
| koşmak – to run | |
|---|---|
| Ben(I) | koş-ma-y-acaktı-m |
| Sen(You) | koş-ma-y-acakt-ın |
| O(He she it) | koş-ma-y-acakı |
| Biz(We) | koş-ma-y-acaktı-k |
| Siz(You) | koş-ma-y-acaktı-nız |
| Onlar(They) | koş-ma-y-acaktı-lar |
| kalmak – to stay | |
|---|---|
| Ben(I) | kal-ma-y-acaktı-m |
| Sen(You) | kal-ma-y-acaktı-n |
| O(He she it) | kal-ma-y-acaktı |
| Biz(We) | kal-ma-y-acaktı-k |
| Siz(You) | kal-ma-y-acaktı-nız |
| Onlar(They) | kal-ma-y-acaktı-lar |
| gitmek - leave | |
|---|---|
| Ben(I) | git-me-y-ecekti-m |
| Sen(You) | git-me-y-ecekti-n |
| O(He she it) | git-me-y-ecekti |
| Biz(We) | git-me-y-ecekti-k |
| Siz(You) | git-me-y-ecekti-niz |
| Onlar(They) | git-me-y-ecekti-ler |
Eğer onlar treni kaçırmasaydı o zaman koşmayacaktılar . – If they had not missed the train, then didn't run would follow him.
Eğer sen israr etmeseydın o zaman sizde kalmayacaktım . – If you hadn't insisted, then you would have me didn't stay would.
Sen evde olsaydın biz gitmeyecektik. – If you were at home, then we didn't leave would.
Annem erken kalkmasaydı kahvaltı etmeyecektim. – If mom didn't get up early, I didn't have breakfast would.
Babam para vermeseydi okulda okumayacaktım. – If dad didn't give me money, then I didn't study at the university.
Interrogative form
Verb stem+ -acak / -ecek + -mı / -mi + -ydı / -ydi + personal pronoun endings
The interrogative form should be given special attention, since at first glance little is clear, but everything is simpler than it seems. Here it is enough to determine the ending of the verb in the infinitive. So, if the verb ends in -mak, then the verb is formed according to the following scheme -acak + mı + ydı. If the verb ends in -mek, then the verb is formed according to the scheme -ecek + mi + ydi.
For example, the verb sevmek (to love). Since it ends -mek, then to the base sev we add the following construction -ecek + mi + ydi + personal pronoun endings (in this case 1 liter unit). That is, we get the word - sev ecekmiydim.
| bakmak – watch | |
|---|---|
| Ben(I) | Bak-acak-mı-ydı-m |
| Sen(You) | Bak-acak-mı-ydı-n |
| O(He she it) | Bak-acak-mı-ydı |
| Biz(We) | Bak-acak-mı-ydı-k |
| Siz(You) | Bak-acak-mı-ydı-nız |
| Onlar(They) | Bak-acak-mı-ydı-lar |
Ben senin çocuklarına bakacak mıydım? – Am I should have watched for your children?
Sen bana hediye alacak mıydın? – Are you was going to buy a gift for me?
Onlar bize telefon edecek miydiler ? – Are they were going to call us?
Sen bize misafir gelecek miydin ? – Are you was going to come to visit us?
Sen o kitabı okuyacak mıydın? – Are you wanted to read this book?
Base + (ı4) yor mu + (y) + personal affixes The interrogative form is formed using the particle mu, which is placed after the stem on YOR (the exception is the third person plural, where mı is placed after the plural affix lar). The particle is accompanied by personal affixes, which are written together with it (the exception, again, is the third person plural). The particle is shockless, i.e. the stress falls on the last syllable of the word preceding it. Depending on the context, it can be translated into Russian with the particle LI, REALLY? Ben biliyor muyum? I know? Do I know? Do I know? Sen biliyor musun? Do you know? O biliyor mu? He knows? Biz biliyor muyuz? We know? Siz biliyor musunuz? You know? Onlar biliyorlar mı? They know? Negative interrogative form of the verb in the present tense: Base + mı4 + yor mu + personal affixes That is, first there is a verb with negation, followed by the interrogative particle mu with personal affixes. In Russian it can be translated by a question in the negative form with the particle LI or ISN NOT..? Ben gitmiyor muyum? – I (am I not) going? Sen gitmiyor musun? -Are you not coming? O gitmiyor mu? - Isn’t he coming? Biz gitmiyor muyuz? -Are we not going? Siz gitmiyor musunuz? -Are you not going? Onlar gitmiyorlar mı? -Are they not coming? Improve your vocabulary: Burada - here Nerede - where? Orada - there Ve - and Kim - who is Ama - but Lütfen – please (if asked) Nereye – where Nereden - where from Şimdi – now Var – there is, there is Çok – very (before the adjective), a lot (before the noun and verb) to do assignments can be found here http://evim.ucoz.com/forum/16-2536-6#46026
Lesson 9. Category of belonging
Category of ownership To indicate that an object belongs to someone (me, you, him, etc.), possessive pronouns are used (my, yours, etc.), and ownership suffixes are added to nouns that agree with pronouns. Possessive pronoun + noun + suffix of belonging Possessive pronouns Benim - my, mine, my, mine Senin - yours, yours, yours, yours Onun - his, hers Bizim - ours, ours, ours, ours Sizin - yours, yours, yours, yours Onların - their Suffixes of belonging If the word ends with a vowel: Benim -m Senin -n Onun -sı/ -si/ -su/ -sü Bizim -mız/ -miz/ -muz/ -müz Sizin -nız/ -niz/ -nuz / -nüz Onların -sı/ -si/ -su/ -sü Benim babam - my father Senin baban - your father Onun babası - his father Bizim annemiz - our mother Sizin anneniz - your mother Onların annesi - their mother If the word ends with a consonant : Benim -ım/ -im/ -um/ -üm Senin -ın/ -in/ -un/ -ün Onun -ı/ -i/ -u/ -ü Bizim -ımız/ -imiz/ -umuz/ -ümüz Sizin -ınız/ -iniz/ -unuz/ -ünüz Onların --ı/ -i/ -u/-ü Benim eşim - my husband Senin eşin - your husband Onun eşi - her husband Bizim kızımız - our daughter Sizin kızınız - your daughter Onların kızı - their daughter Benim gözüm - my eye Senin gözün - your eye Onun gözü - his eye Bizim dostumuz - our friend Sizin dostunuz - your friend Onların dostu - their friend Affiliation suffixes are added according to the law of vowel harmony. Possessive pronouns can be omitted. evim - my house kardeşin - your brother When attaching suffixes of belonging to a plural noun, the plural suffix is first added, and then the suffix of belonging: gözlerim - my eyes, arkadaşlarımız - our friends. When adding the affiliation suffixes -ları/ -leri to a plural noun, the affiliation suffix -ı/ -i/ -u/ -ü is added to a plural noun: anne-leri their mother, dostlar-ı their friends. Repeat the rule: 1. If a word of several syllables ends with a voiceless consonant p, ç, t, k and after it there is an ending, or a prefix of the next word that begins with a vowel, then this voiceless consonant changes to a voiced one: p -> b, ç - > с, t -> d, k -> ğ 2. Dropping a narrow vowel in the root of a word Adding a suffix starting with a vowel to some disyllabic words with vowels ı, i, u, or ü in the last syllable causes dropout of that vowel. isim - isim + im = ismim name - my name şehir - şehir + imiz = şehrimiz city - our city burun - burun + un = burnun nose - your nose akıl - akıl + ınız = aklınız mind - our mind you can do the tasks here http: //evim.ucoz.com/forum/16-2536-7#46415
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