Time notation in Polish. Time in Polish, as living people talk about it In Polish, it is correct to call time

Russian-Polish phrasebook - a cheat sheet for tourists traveling around Poland. A short phrasebook with pronunciation includes words and phrases commonly used in speech, which may be useful for independent travelers to navigate in cities, communicate in hotels, restaurants and shops.

First of all, it’s worth noting and remembering polite phrases - using them will help you win over your interlocutor. Please note that you should address strangers in the third person (pan/pani).

If you are going to visit non-tourist canteens and restaurants where mainly locals dine, be prepared for the fact that the menu may turn out to be exclusively Polish language. In this case, not only a phrasebook, but also a wider list of main dishes with explanations in Russian will be very useful.

Some words in Polish may seem similar in their spelling and sound, but their meaning is not always predictable. For example, Polish pierogi are dumplings that can have a variety of fillings, and sklep is a regular store. There are quite a lot of similar cases, and a Polish phrasebook, supplemented by an offline dictionary, will help, if possible, avoid translation incidents.

The table below shows the original spelling of words and phrases, as well as approximate pronunciation - based on transcription.

Common phrases

Transport

At the hotel

In a restaurant, canteen, store

Months

Days of the week

Numbers

On sale at Domsporta

watch- watch … Nanai-Russian dictionary

watch- a device for measuring current time (in seconds, minutes, hours). Ancient man oriented in time by the Sun. Naturally, the first hours were sunny. In the simplest sundial, time was counted by the position of the shadow from the rod... Encyclopedia of technology

WATCH- WATCH. The simplest and oldest clock is the sundial. They were a tall pillar (even an obelisk), placed vertically. The time of day was determined by the shadow of the obelisk (length and position) and the dial drawn on the ground. To replace... ... Concise Encyclopedia household

watch- noun, plural, used very often Morphology: pl. What? watch, (no) what? hours, what? hours, (see) what? watch, what? for hours, about what? about watches 1. A watch is a device, usually round or square in shape, with which you determine the exact ... Dictionary Dmitrieva

watch- watch. Among household items, watches are distinguished by a particularly wide variety of shapes, appearance, sizes, and finishing materials used. The most common table clocks are alarm clocks, in which, in addition to the main clock... ... Encyclopedia "Housing"

watch- ov; pl. A device, a mechanism for determining time within a day. Gold watches. Pocket watches. Wall watches. Wind up watches. The clock is ten minutes past ten. The hour struck midnight. Clock dial. Ch. are running (hurrying). ◊ Hourglass. Reading device... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

Watch- Watch. Electronic (men's and women's) and electronic-mechanical wristwatches. CLOCK, a device for measuring the current time. To keep track of time, clocks use constant periodic processes: rotation of the Earth (sundial), oscillations... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

WATCH- a device for keeping time. Clocks use constant periodic processes: the rotation of the Earth (sundial), oscillations of a pendulum (mechanical and electromagnetic clocks), tuning forks (tuning fork clocks), quartz plates (quartz clocks), ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

watch- the first, third, sixth and ninth hours, from sunrise, at which ancient Christians gathered to pray; the church combined psalms, poems and prayers of the first hour with Matins, the third and sixth with the Liturgy, the ninth with Vespers (Dal, hour) See... ... Dictionary of synonyms

WATCH- CLOCK, a device for measuring time. The oldest structures for keeping time did not have moving parts. Examples include Neolithic stone pillars and the sundial of the ancient Egyptians. The Egyptians also used water clocks... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

WATCH- We are crucified on the clock dial. Stanislav Jerzy Lec The clock hands are two hands that take away our time. Grzegorz Stańczyk Listening to the ticking of a clock, we notice that time is ahead of us. Ramon Gomez de la Serna The broken clock shows twice a day... ... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms

Books

• Clock, Agatha Christie. It happens that a famous detective has to investigate a case that has already been “solved”. This is exactly what happened with the murder of an elderly woman in the novel “Miss McGinty is Dead,” and Poirot will have to...

Która jest godzina? This question, despite all its simplicity, can confuse a person. Almost every Polish textbook for beginners touches on this topic, with many examples, pictures and audio files. And it seems that looking at the pictures everything is clear and understandable, but when trying to determine the time without clues, for some reason many difficulties arise.

There are 2 ways to answer the question “Która jest godzina” (What time is it?) in Polish:

1. Official (simply numbers are spoken; used most often when announcing the schedule, for example at a train station, in the cinema, on TV, etc.):

For example: 15.30 — piętnasta trzydzieści

2. Informal (various constructions are used; used in ordinary conversations)

For example: 15.30 – wpół do czwartej

Attention!
There are 4 constructions in total with which we can tell what time it is. They depend on the position of the minute hand on the dial (i.e. minutes).

1. If now is an even number of hours, without minutes, i.e. minute hand at zero, (for example 14.00) then we say “druga”. Pay attention to the ending -a, it is assumed that this is “godzina druga”, only the word “godzina” may not be used. Optional. Also note that in the informal notation of time there are only 12 hours.

Examples:
12.00 – dwunasta (twelve)
23.00 — jedenasta (eleven)
14.00 – druga (two)

2. If the big arrow is now at 6, i.e. half an hour(for example 16.30), then we use the construction “wpół do” - “wpół do piątej”. In Russian it sounds like “half past four”, in Polish it translates about the same. Again, I draw your attention to the ending -ej.
Theoretically, this is a shortened form of “wpół do piątej godziny”, but again we say the word “godzina” at will.

Examples:
19.30 - wpół do ósmej (half past eight)
15.30 - wpół do czwartej (half past four)

5.30 – wpół do szóstej (half past six)

Now let's talk about possible timing.

Mentally divide the watch dial into 2 halves:
a) up to 30 minutes
b) after 30 minutes

Depending on which half of the clock the large (minute) hand is located, there are two designs:

3. If the minute hand is in the first half of the dial (up to 30 minutes), the construction with the preposition “po” (“after”) is used. For example, 17.15 - “piętnaście po piątej”.

Again, this is a short form of the construction “piętnaście minut po piątej godzinie”, which can be literally translated as “fifteen (minutes) after the fifth (hour)”.

I draw your attention to the fact that it must be said in this order: the number of minutes » the preposition “po” » the number of hours with the ending -ej.

Examples:
18.10 — dzisięć po szóstej
7.05 — pięć po siódmej
3.17 — siеdemnaście po trzeciej

4. If the minute hand is in the second half of the dial (after 30 minutes), the construction with the preposition “za” (“without”) is used. For example, 17.45 - “za piętnaście szósta”.

Again, this is a short form of the construction “za piętnaście minut szósta godzina” which translates as “at fifteen (minutes) to six (hour)”

I draw your attention to the fact that it must be said in this order: the preposition “za” » number of minutes » number of hours with the ending -a.

Examples:
16.45 - za piętnaście piąta (fifteen to five)
10.55 — za pięć jedenasta (five minutes to eleven)
8.35 — za dwadziścia pięć dziewiąta (twenty-five to nine)

So, you need to understand and remember only 4 constructions, and you will always be able to answer the question “Która godzina?”

1) 14.00 - druga (if 00 minutes)
2) 15.30 - wpól do czwartej (if half an hour)
3) 19.15 — piętnaście po siódmej (if up to 30 minutes)
4) 23.40 - za dwadzieścia dwunasta (if after 30 minutes)

A few notes (not required, but recommended):

1) Expressions such as “północ” (midnight) and “południe” (noon) are used quite often in Polish.

2) Just like in Russian, “15 minutes” can be replaced by the word kwadrans (quarter).

Examples:
9.15 — kwadrans po dziewiątej (a quarter after nine)
13.45 - za kwadrans druga (a quarter to two)

3) There are also more complex constructions for marking time, for example (the word “jest” can be placed before the time, or it can be omitted):

12.01 — Jest minuta po dwunastej (a minute after twelve)
12.31 — Jest minuta po wpół do pierwszej (a minute after half past twelve)
12.25 — Jest za pięć wpół do pierwszej (five minutes to half past twelve)
12.59 — Jest za minutę pierwsza (without a minute for the first hour)

First of all, the question is how to ask a passerby what time it is? The easiest way is to ask: « Któ ragodzina?» , naturally, with all the accompanying forms of politeness, such as “”.

In order to answer this question(or understand the answer), we need to understand four basic situations.

Situation No. 1. When time is “even”. In other words, when the clock is exactly two, three or eight o'clock.

In Polish, the ordinal number in the feminine form will suffice.

Teraz jest trzecia godzina.

Moreover, the word godzina is almost never used, and often we can omit the word teraz and even teraz jest.

As a result, to the question któ ra godzina in this situation we will most often hear

Jesttrzecia

or simply

Trzecia.

Situation No. 2."Half". In other words, when, as we were taught in childhood, the big arrow is on the six, and the small one...

In this case we need the expression wpół do + ordinal number in the form .

(Teraz jest) wpół do drugiej.

Please note that Polish is not “half”, but “half”, despite the insidious “ w" ahead.

Situation No. 3. When the minute hand is on the right side of the dial. In this situation in Russian we we say, for example, "twenty minutes past twelve", but in Polish the phrase will be arranged a little differently:

(Teraz jest) dwadzieścia po jedenastej.

What literally means "twenty minutes after eleven o'clock". This is exactly what the Polish phrase sounds like: “Dwadzieścia (minute) po jedenastej (godzinie)" By the way, in this form it is easier to remember it, because the whole logic of the phrase is visible, but over time, the words in brackets began to be implied, but not pronounced. So today there is only dwadzieścia po jedenastej.

Situation No. 4. When our hand is on the left side of the dial. In Russian, it is customary for us to say in such cases “ ten to two", For example. And in Polish:

(Teraz jest) za dziesięć druga.

The full (original) phrase once sounded “ Za dziesięć (minute) druga (godzina)", which literally means " In ten minutes two hours" If you have been reading this site for some time, you probably remember that the preposition za actually means “through”, but not always. When exactly, you can remember.

And one more thing. In many textbooks, in the topic of time you will find the word kwadrans- quarter - Teraz jest kwadrans po szóstej. But honestly, answer yourself: many of your acquaintances are in ordinary life use the word quarter? I doubt. In Russian, as in Polish, this sounds somewhat anachronistic, although sometimes it can be stylistically justified. In short, be careful with him.

And one more mistake that is worth warning. From experience, this happens quite often. Getting carried away with patterns (phrases) we may end up with something like za pięć dwudziesta. We don’t speak Russian.” five to twenty", even if "it was in the evening." So in Polish, even if it’s 19:55 on the clock, then it’s za pięć ósma, not za pięć dwudziesta, be careful.

I’ll be honest, time, like numerals in general, sometimes evoke fear and trepidation, but..., in my opinion, in vain. If you understand the logic of marking time in Polish and give yourself enough practice, there shouldn’t be any problems here.