Why is the moon a satellite of the earth and not the sun? The earth has another natural satellite besides the moon. Why is the moon called the Earth's satellite?
In astronomy, a satellite is a body that revolves around a larger body and is held by the force of its gravity. The Moon is the Earth's satellite. The Earth is a satellite of the Sun. All planets of the solar system, with the exception of Mercury and Venus, have satellites.
Artificial satellites are man-made spacecraft orbiting the Earth or another planet. They are launched for various purposes: for scientific research, for studying weather, for communication.
The Earth-Moon system is unique in the solar system, since no planet has such a large satellite. The Moon is the only satellite of the Earth, but it is so big and close!
It is visible to the naked eye better than any planet through a telescope. Telescopic observations and close-up photographs show that its beautiful surface is uneven and extremely complex. Active study of the Earth's natural satellite began in 1959, when in our country and in the United States space probes and automatic interplanetary stations were launched towards the Moon for a comprehensive study, delivering samples of lunar rocks. And to this day, spacecraft bring a lot of information for the work of selenologists (scientists studying the Moon). Our satellite hides many mysteries. For a long time, people did not see its reverse side until 1959, when the Luna-3 automatic station photographed the invisible side of the lunar surface. Later, based on images obtained using the domestic Zond-3 station and the American Lunar Orbiter spacecraft, maps of the lunar surface were compiled. Flights of lunar automatic stations and landings of lunar expeditions helped to obtain answers to a number of unclear questions that worried astronomers. But, in turn, they posed new challenges for astronomers.
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Since ancient times, people have deified the dawn and associated many legends, tales, and myths with it. The ancient Greeks believed that the dawn came when young Eos with purple fingers rose from the darkness.” These words belong to Homer. He describes how the pink-fingered goddess Eos races in a chariot drawn by white horses, heralding the appearance of her brother Helios, the sun god. The ancient Romans goddess...
Caves are voids in rock. They are formed for various reasons. Some rocks, such as limestone, gypsum and rock salt, are dissolved or eroded by water, resulting in a depression. Gradually it increases, a grotto is formed, the depth or length of which is less than the height. And then the grotto lengthens and gradually turns into a cave. Voids form underground and then...
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The inhabitants of the boundless space - stars - have long been counted, recorded in catalogs - and not only those that are visible to the naked eye, but also many others observed through a telescope. There is information that in the 4th century. BC. Chinese astronomer Shi Shen compiled the first star catalog, the first census of stars. The great honor and enormous work of compiling the star catalog belongs to...
Indeed, it seems strange that among the animals and “semi-animals” in the Zodiac there is the sign “Libra”. Over two thousand years ago, the autumnal equinox was located in this constellation. The equality of day and night could be one of the reasons why the zodiac constellation received the name “Libra”. The appearance of Libra in the sky in mid-latitudes indicated that the time for sowing had come, and the ancient Egyptians...
There are so many stars visible in the sky on a dark night that it seems impossible to count them. However, astronomers have long counted all the stars visible on it with the simple, or as they say, naked eye. It turned out that in the entire sky (in the entire celestial sphere, including the stars of the southern hemisphere) on a clear moonless night one could see with normal vision...
We live on one of nine planets orbiting the Sun. Planet Earth is the only one in the solar system that has life. On other planets there are no conditions for life - air, a suitable temperature for the existence of living organisms. There is only one natural satellite, the Moon, revolving around the Earth, as well as many artificial satellites and their debris. Together with the Moon...
Why don't bodies fly away from the surface of the rotating Earth? What are the planets supported on? Why do they move around the Sun and not fly away from it? There were no answers to these questions for a long time. We owe the discovery of truth to the great English scientist I. Newton. He came to the idea of the existence of gravitational forces between all bodies of the Universe, as a result of Newton’s discovery...
Humanity has only just learned that the Earth has another satellite besides the Moon.
The second satellite of the Earth, astronomers say, differs from the big Moon in that it completes a full revolution around the Earth in 789 years. Its orbit is shaped like a horseshoe, and is located at a distance comparable to the distance from Earth to Mars. The satellite cannot approach our planet closer than 30 million kilometers, which is 30 times further than the distance to the Moon.
Relative motion of the Earth and Cruithne in their orbits.
Scientists say that the Earth's second natural satellite is the near-Earth asteroid Cruithney. Its peculiarity is that it intersects the orbits of three planets: Earth, Mars and Venus.
The diameter of the second Moon is only five kilometers, and this natural satellite of our planet will come to its closest distance to Earth in two thousand years. At the same time, scientists do not expect a collision between the Earth and Cruithne, which has approached our planet.
The satellite will pass from the planet at a distance of 406,385 kilometers. At this moment, the Moon will be located in the constellation Leo. Our planet's satellite will be fully visible, but the size of the Moon will be 13 percent smaller than at the time of its closest approach to the Earth. A collision is not predicted: the Earth's orbit does not intersect anywhere with Cruithney's orbit, since the latter is in a different orbital plane and is inclined to the Earth's orbit at an angle of 19.8 °.
Also, according to experts, in 7899 years our second moon will pass very close to Venus and there is a possibility that Venus will attract it to itself and thereby we will lose “Cruithney”.
The new moon Cruithney was discovered on October 10, 1986 by British amateur astronomer Duncan Waldron. Duncan spotted it in a photograph from the Schmidt telescope. From 1994 to 2015, the maximum annual approach of this asteroid to the Earth occurs in November.
Due to the very large eccentricity, the orbital speed this asteroid changes much more strongly than that of the Earth, so from the point of view of an observer on Earth, if we take the Earth as a reference system and consider it stationary, it turns out that not the asteroid, but its orbit rotates around the Sun, while the asteroid itself begins to describe ahead of the Earth a horseshoe-shaped trajectory, reminiscent of a “bean” in shape, with a period equal to the period of revolution of the asteroid around the Sun - 364 days.
Cruithne will approach Earth again in June 2292. The asteroid will make a series of annual approaches to the Earth at a distance of 12.5 million km, as a result of which there will be a gravitational exchange of orbital energy between the Earth and the asteroid, which will lead to a change in the orbit of the asteroid and Cruitney will again begin to migrate from the Earth, but this time in the other direction , - it will lag behind the Earth.
For most people, the moon is hardly something surprising, because we have the opportunity to observe it in the sky almost every day, and have long ago become accustomed to this phenomenon. Many people do not even know whether it is a planet, a satellite or a star, and why the moon is called the moon. But today we will bring these questions out of the shadows by giving them the correct answers.
Why is the moon called the moon?
As you know, the natural satellite of the earth is not called the moon in all languages and peoples; this is not an international name. And the name with which we are accustomed to call the luminous cosmic body above our heads comes from the Proto-Slavic word “luna”. As for the origin of this Old Church Slavonic word, it is the root of the word “louksna”, which translated into Russian means “bright”. Perhaps this answer is quite rational and explains why the moon is called the moon.
Why is the moon called the Earth's satellite?
As you know, the moon is a satellite of the Earth, and not artificial, but natural. But why was she called that? We will also consider the answer to this question below.
The Moon is called a satellite of the Earth for the reason that, in comparison with other planets in our solar system, it primarily revolves around the Earth, using its orbit for rotation, and not around the Sun. Of course, the Moon also rotates around our natural star, but it does so along the same trajectory as the Earth, revolving around the Sun along with it.
This is what prompted scientists to call the Moon a natural satellite of the Earth. The characteristic “natural” is present here for the reason that since the beginning of space exploration, people have launched many artificial devices into orbit, which are also satellites.
Why is the moon called a month?
We all know what a month is. This is what they call a partial moon. However, the history of the origin of this name is not known to everyone.
The thing is that previously time was calculated according to the lunar calendar, because in the absence of watches and various technologies available to us today, it was quite simple to count time using data on the position of the moon. In this calendar there was such a thing as a month, which meant 1/12 of the moon. Over time, people transformed this concept and began to use it to name the partial moon.
Now you know why people call the moon and month that way.
The Moon is the only celestial body that orbits planet Earth. This discovery was made in ancient times. At the same time, dark spots of various shapes were discovered on the surface of the Moon, which were later plotted on the map of the Moon. Since the 17th century, such spots began to be called seas.
At that time, it was believed that the satellite of our planet had water, therefore, its surface was covered with seas and oceans. And it occurred to the Italian astronomer Giovanni Riccioli to give them names that have remained to this day. The light parts of the surface belong to land.
Main characteristics of the Moon
The mass of the Moon is 7.3476*1022 kg, which is 81.3 times less than the mass of the Earth. The equatorial radius of the satellite is 1,737 km, which is 3.6 times less than the Earth’s. On average, the distance from the Earth to the Moon is 384,400 km.
Exploring the only satellite of our planet, scientists around the world are still at a loss on two questions:
- Can all space objects be called miraculous?
- Is it a coincidence that the Moon and planet Earth are where they are?
Doubts arise in the ranks of scientific minds for various reasons. So, for example, someone adjusted the diameter of the satellite in such a way, and someone placed it at such a distance from the Sun that, falling between it and the closest planet to the Moon, i.e. It is completely covered with earth. This phenomenon is known to everyone as a solar eclipse. However, at the same time, people would not be able to observe such an event if this “natural” satellite were different - larger or smaller or the size of Mars.
What is included in the Earth's satellite?
The entire Moon is entirely covered with regolith, which consists of dust and small fragments of meteorites. They often bombard the lunar surface, which is not protected by an atmospheric layer. Scientists believe that the thickness of such layers can be several centimeters or even tens of kilometers.
Schematically, the composition of the Moon can be indicated as follows:
- Crust that can be extremely heterogeneous and vary from zero meters. For example, under the Moscow Sea it is separated from the surface by a basalt layer up to 600 m thick, and up to 105 km on the dark side of the Moon under the Korolev crater;
- Three layers of mantle, starting with the outer mantle;
- The core is the metallic center of the earth's satellite.
Interesting facts about the Moon
There is no "dark side"
In fact, both sides of the Moon receive equal amounts of sunlight, but only one of them is visible to Earth. This happens because the period of the Moon’s axial rotation converges with the orbital one. This means that the satellite is constantly facing the Earth one-sidedly. However, the “dark side” is being explored using spacecraft.
The Moon's influence on Earth's tides
The Moon's gravity forms the presence of two bulges on Earth. One is on the side facing the Moon, and the other is on the opposite side. Because of these protrusions, tides occur throughout the planet.
The Moon “escaping” from the Earth
Every year the satellite “runs away” from the Earth by 3.8 cm. Someone thought that in fifty billion years the Moon will simply run away. By then, it will have spent 47 days on its orbital flight.
The mass on the Moon is much less
The gravity of the Moon is less than that of the Earth, which is why the weight of people on the satellite will be 1/6 less. Actually, because of this, the astronauts jumped on it.
People on the Moon: 12 astronauts visited the satellite
Since 1969, Neil Armstrong was the first to set foot on the satellite during the Apollo 11 mission, and Eugene Cernan was the last to visit it in 1972. After that, there were only robots on the moon.
Lack of atmosphere on the Moon
On the lunar surface there is no protection from a wide variety of cosmic radiation, solar winds and meteorite bombardment. In addition, there are severe temperature fluctuations, no sounds can be heard, and the sky is always black.
Scientists claim lunar earthquakes
They claim that this is due to Earth's gravity. The astronauts used seismographs and calculated that there were cracks and breaks a couple of kilometers below the surface. It is believed that the satellite has a molten core.
The first artificial satellite on the Moon
It was a Soviet satellite of the Luna 1 program. In 1959, it flew next to the Moon at a distance of up to 6000 km, after which it entered solar orbit.
Is the Moon an artificial satellite?
In the early 1960s, Mikhail Vasin and Alexander Shcherbakov from the USSR Academy of Sciences stated that the Moon could have appeared unnaturally. This hypothesis has eight main postulates. Scientists have analyzed some mysterious nuances of everything connected with the satellite.
Eight lunar secrets
First secret: Is the Moon a spaceship?
In reality, the orbit and size of the Moon at the physical level are not entirely possible. If everything were natural, then one would think that these are very unusual “quirks” of the cosmos. This is based on the fact that the Moon occupies a quarter of the size of the Earth, and the ratio of the sizes of satellites and planets is usually much smaller.
The distance between the Moon and the Earth is such that the visible dimensions are equivalent to those of the sun. Because of this, such a common phenomenon for earthlings as a total solar eclipse is observed. The same mathematical impossibility explains the location and mass ratio of two celestial objects. If the Moon had once been pulled by the Earth, it would have acquired a natural orbit. This orbit should have been elliptical, but it is surprisingly round.
The second secret: the presence of surface curvature
Scientists cannot explain the incredible curvature that the surface of the Moon has. The Moon's body is not round. After conducting geological studies, scientists decided that it is a planetoid, almost a hollow ball. At the same time, it is not clear how it can have such a strange structure and not collapse.
According to one of the versions proposed by the above-mentioned scientists, the lunar crust was made artificially. Supposedly it has a solid titanium frame. Russian scientists Vasin and Shcherbakov proved that the lunar crust and rocks contain an extraordinary level of titanium, in some places a layer of titanium at least 30 km thick.
The third secret: the presence of lunar craters
Scientists explain the huge number of meteorite craters on the lunar surface by the lack of an atmosphere. Cosmic bodies trying to make their way to Earth encounter kilometers of its atmosphere, where they burn up or disintegrate. The Moon does not have protective layers of atmosphere, so its surface is covered with all the traces left in it by meteorites. These are craters of various sizes.
However, no one explains why they have such little depth. And it looks as if the extremely durable material does not allow meteorites to penetrate deep into the satellite. Moreover, even for craters with a diameter of more than 150 km, the depth does not exceed four kilometers. This is inexplicable in terms of anything that has to do with science. Logically, there should be craters at least fifty kilometers deep there.
The fourth secret: the presence of “lunar seas”
Scientists are still debating how the lunar oceans and seas could have formed. According to one version, hardened lava could have flowed out after a meteorite bombardment if it had been a hot planetoid.
However, based on physical characteristics, it is much more likely that the Moon, based on its size, is a cold body. In addition, questions also arise about where the “lunar seas” are located. Thus, it turned out that 80% of these objects are located on the side of the satellite visible to the Earth.
Fifth secret: the presence of mascons
Gravity on the lunar surface is not uniform. This was already noted by the crew of Apollo VIII when flying over the lunar seas. Mascons (from the English “Mass Concentration” - mass accumulation) are places where substances are concentrated with greater density or in large quantities. In the case of the Moon, this principle is closely related to the lunar maria, because the mascons are located under them.
The sixth secret: the presence of geographical asymmetry
A shocking fact for science, which has not yet been explained, is the presence of geographic asymmetry on the lunar surface. So, on the legendary “dark” side of the Moon there are many more mountains, craters, and other features in the relief. While most of the seas, on the contrary, are located on the side visible from the Earth.
The seventh secret: the presence of low density
The density of the Moon is no higher than 60% of the Earth's density. This fact proves why the Moon is not a planet, but a hollow object. In addition, some scientists believe that such a cavity may be of unnatural origin. However, given the location of the surface layers that have been identified, scientists dare to say that the Moon may look like a planet that could have formed “inside out.” And this is used as an argument in favor of the “artificial casting” version.
The Eighth Secret: Origin
In the last century, over a long period, three theories about the origin of the earth's satellite were accepted. Nowadays, the majority of the scientific community has accepted the hypothesis about the artificial origin of the Moon as not unfounded.
One theory suggests that the Moon is a fragment of the Earth. However, the differences in the characteristics of these two objects indicate the inconsistency of this theory. According to another theory, the presented celestial object was formed at the same time as our planet. Moreover, the material for their formation was the same cloud of cosmic gases. However, the previous conclusion is also valid regarding this judgment. Both objects should have at least similar structures.
The third theory suggests that the Moon, wandering through space, was attracted by the Earth's gravity. The big disadvantage of this theory is that the Moon's orbit is circular and cyclical. The proof would be an off-center or elliptical orbit.
However, there is another theory, the most incredible of all. With its help, many anomalies that are associated with the earth's satellite can be explained. If the Moon was constructed by intelligent beings, then the physical laws to which it is subject would not be equally applicable to other celestial objects.
There are many more interesting things in the versions about the origin of the Moon put forward by Soviet scientists. So far, this is only a small part of the real physical assessments of lunar anomalies. In addition, there are many other videos, photographs and research that prove that our “natural” satellite is not like that at all.
If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them
Lesson summary using information technology (ICT)
Item: the world.
UMK: N.Ya. Dmitrieva, A.N. Kazakov, developmental training “L.V. Zankov System”
Class: 2
Lesson type: familiarization with new material.
Lesson topic: The Moon is the Earth's satellite.
Duration: 40 min.
Annotation: II quarter, studied module “Space”, lesson 5.
Methods, techniques, forms:
– verbal (conversation), playful;
– visual (multimedia presentation;);
– practical;
– method of self-control;
– problematic, organization of search and research work;
A combination of frontal, individual, group and pair work;
The lesson on the surrounding world was developed in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of NEO.
Target: expand students' knowledge about the Moon.
Tasks:
Educational objectives:
introduce the Earth's satellite - the Moon, with its movement around the Earth, size and distance from the Earth;
explain why the visible shape of the Moon changes throughout the month.
Developmental tasks:
develop spatial imagination, cognitive interest, horizons, creative abilities;
develop the ability to work with a globe and educational text;
develop self-control and control skills, skills of practical work in groups;
develop children’s cognitive activity, the ability to observe, compare, generalize and draw conclusions.
Educational tasks:
contribute to the formation of the student’s personality, support the needs and motives to learn “new things”;
instill respect for each other;
to form an emotionally positive attitude towards the subject, showing the connection of the subjects being studied with life.
Value guidelines: inquisitive, actively and interestedly exploring the world.
Planned results:
Personal UUD:
the formation of a holistic, socially oriented view of the world in its limited unity;
to form motivation for learning and purposeful cognitive activity;
perceive classmates as members of your team (group);
contribute to the work to achieve common results;
be tolerant of other people’s and own mistakes, other opinions and be willing to discuss them.
Metasubject UUD.
Regulatory UUD:
together with the teacher, discover and formulate an educational problem;
after preliminary discussion, independently formulate the topic of the lesson and the purpose of the lesson;
predict upcoming work: determining the purpose of educational activities, choosing a topic, drawing up a plan;
evaluate learning activities in accordance with the task;
compare your actions with the goal, learn to evaluate the results of educational activities;
perform self-checks against the standard and adjust your activities.
Cognitive UUD:
navigate your knowledge system;
extract and process information to discover new knowledge;
extract information presented in different forms (test, text, illustration);
process the information received: draw conclusions as a result of the joint work of the entire class, group, pair.
Communication UUD:
convey your position to others: express your point of view and try to substantiate it by giving arguments;
express your thoughts in speech and convey your position to others;
listen to others, try to accept a different point of view, be willing to change your point of view;
jointly agree on the rules of communication and behavior in the group and follow them;
consciously choose a criterion for qualitative assessment of the group’s work.
Subject UUD:
be able to explain the meaning of “The Moon is a satellite of the Earth”;
work with ready-made models (globe);
expand knowledge about the Moon.
Training technologies: developmental education technology, activity-based approach technology, problem-based learning technology, health-saving technology, technology for assessing educational achievements.
Equipment: computer, multimedia presentation of the lesson, handouts for group work: assessment signal cards, masks for the skit (moon phases), vocabulary word “crater”.
During the classes
I .Motivation for learning activities(children in chorus) (slide 1)
The bell rang
The lesson begins.
To become nature's friend
Find out all her secrets,
Solve all the riddles
We learn to observe.
Let's develop mindfulness together,
And our curiosity will help us find out everything.
Hello guys, look at each other, smile and sit down. Now we have a lesson about the world around us.
I I . Updating knowledge
Before moving on to studying a new topic, we will take a test, thereby checking how well you have mastered the topic of the last lesson.(slide 2 - 7)
Test (System for control and monitoring of knowledge quality) PRoClass
The planets of the solar system are being studied...
A) geographers;
B) chemists;
B) astronomers;
D) physicists.
Planets revolve around the Sun. Their...
A) 7;
B) 9;
AT 11.
Pluto is...
A) the largest planet in the solar system;
B) the smallest planet in the solar system;
C) the planet closest to the Sun in the Solar System.
The planets are located relative to the Sun as follows:
A) Venus, Earth, Mars, Mercury, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Uranus, Jupiter;
B) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus;
C) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto.
What is Earth?
A) star;
B) planet;
B) a flaming ball.
III . Formulating a lesson topic, setting a goal
I have prepared a small crossword puzzle for you. Let's guess it and see what keyword we come up with. (slide 8)
The star around which the Earth revolves?
What is the most distant planet from the Sun?
A celestial body orbiting the Sun?
A celestial body that itself glows?
So, what was the keyword? (Moon)
So what are we going to talk about today? (about the Moon)
Have you seen the moon?
What do you know about her?
Do you know everything about her?
Would you like to know more? (Yes)
What do you think is the topic of our lesson? ("The Moon is the Earth's satellite") (slide 9)
Let's see what we should learn about her during this lesson? (slide 10)
1. The Moon is a satellite of the Earth.
Surface of the Moon.
Lunar phases.
Human exploration of the Moon.
To find out all this, we will go on an extraordinary journey to the Moon. You will be real researchers, astronomers. You will draw conclusions based on scientific facts.
So, are you ready to go on an extraordinary journey?
Fasten seat belts! Attention! Takeoff!
I V. Discovery of new knowledge.
Here you and I are in place. Let's start looking for answers to our questions?
1. The Moon is a satellite of the Earth. (slide 11)
Guys, in front of you is our planet Earth and the Moon. What can you say about them?
What is the size of the Moon compared to the size of the Earth?
The Moon turns out to be 4 times smaller than the Earth.
What is the distance from the Earth to the Moon?
The distance to the moon is approximately 400 thousand km. This is the closest cosmic body to Earth.
It turns out that the Earth and the Moon, they are like 2 brothers, are always inseparable. The Moon moves around the Earth, and together with the Earth around the Sun. That's why the Moon is called the Earth's satellite.
To better imagine all this, let’s briefly turn ourselves into the Sun, planet Earth and the Moon. We will try to show the movement of the Earth around the Sun, and the Moon around the Earth. (Children demonstrate how the Sun, Earth and Moon move. Student - The Sun rotates around itself. Student - Earth - around itself and very slowly around the Sun. Student - The Moon rotates around itself and around the Earth.)
Here we have clearly seen the movement of the Earth's satellite, the Moon.
Well done, sit down.
Now open the textbooks p. 65 and read the first paragraph. Let's find out what the authors of the textbook offer us? (slide 12)
So, why is the Moon called the Earth's satellite? (children's answers)
2. Surface of the Moon.(slide 13)
What do you see in the image?
Look at the surface of the Moon and tell me what it is like?
Look at the photo of the Moon and listen to the poem by Gianni Rodari, which your classmate will tell us... (one student says). Think about what was called the lunar seas. (Most likely, these are mountains and depressions on the surface of the Moon.)
By the lunar sea
Special secret -
It doesn't look like the sea.
There is not a drop of water in this sea,
And there are no fish either.
In the waves of it
Impossible to dive
You can't splash around in it,
You can't drown.
Swim in that sea
Convenient only for those
Who swim
He still can’t do it at all!
What does it say about the surface of the Moon? (the surface of the Moon is rocky and very uneven. Mountains alternate with plains covered with dust. There are many depressions on the Moon that were formed from meteorite impacts on its surface).
Guys, these depressions are called craters, or in another way they are called “lunar seas”.
Let's repeat this word in chorus - crater (in unison).
People even gave names to these seas: Sea of Tranquility, Sea of Rains, Ocean of Storms.
So what are “lunar seas”? (craters formed due to the fall of meteorites - stones fallen from space).
Fizminutka
Don't yawn around, there will be a right turn.
You are an astronaut today! One - clap, two - clap,
Let's start training, turn around one more time!
To become strong and agile. One two three four,
Let's put our arms to the sides, shoulders higher, arms wider.
Let's get the left one with the right one, lower our hands down
And then vice versa - And sit down at your desk again!
3. Moon phases
- Now, guys, watch the fairy tale that your classmates and I have prepared for you. It's called "Why doesn't the month have a dress?" And think about why they called her that? (dramatization of a fairy tale by two students)Annex 1
What secret does this tale reveal? (slide 14)
Why doesn't the month have a dress? (The moon is different)
Do you know what determines the different appearance of the Moon?
Work in pairs (using document and cameras)
- Let's remember the rules of working in pairs and groups. Appendix 2
- Compare your sketches of the Moon with those in the textbook.
Why do we see the Moon so different from Earth? (Messages from children)
The different appearance of the Moon depends on how it is illuminated by the Sun, which is invisible to us at night. The appearance of the Moon changes throughout the month because it occupies different positions relative to the Sun and Earth. Even in ancient times, people noticed that the Moon changes its shape all the time. Sometimes it looks like a round plate, sometimes like a sickle, which was called the month. There is an explanation for all this. The sun is a flaming ball. It emits light. And the Moon does not emit light; it is like a mirror, reflecting the light of the Sun. The sun's rays illuminate it from only one side. Only this illuminated side of the Moon is visible from Earth. As the Moon moves around the Earth, the Sun illuminates it differently. Depending on what part of the Moon is illuminated, we see it in the sky – either in its entirety, then in half, or as a narrow crescent. If you observe the Moon, you will notice that the crescent of the “young”, “growing” Moon is different from the “aging” Moon. To do this, you need to connect the tips of the horns with a straight line segment and extend this line down a little. We will get the letter “P”, i.e. the first letter of the word "growing". So we drew a young Moon. And the “aging” sickle itself speaks about this, because it looks like the letter “C” - the first letter of the word “aging”.
Human exploration of the Moon.(slide 15)
Guys, do you think people dreamed of visiting the Moon? (Messages from children)
People have long dreamed of visiting the Moon. The real assault on the Moon begins in 1959. In 1966, the Luna 9 station landed on the moon and transmitted a television image of the lunar landscape. In 1970, the Luna-16 station drilled and delivered lunar soil to Earth. Other countries also studied the Moon.
And now you will learn about who managed to visit the Moon. (Messages from children)
In 1969, American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin walked on the moon. They even managed to ride on a lunar rover. In 1970, the first domestic self-propelled vehicle “Lunokhod - 1” began its movement on the surface of the Moon. Many craters on the Moon are caused by falling meteorites, because... The Moon does not have an atmosphere, unlike the Earth. Due to the lack of atmosphere on the surface of the Moon, sharp temperature fluctuations occur. On a sunlit surface it rises to +130 degrees, and at night it drops to -160 degrees.
- What were the names of the American astronauts who walked on the moon? ( Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin)
What did astronomers manage to find out as a result of studying the Moon? (Scientists have proven that there is no air, water, and therefore no animals and plants on the Moon.)
Have we received answers to previously unknown questions?
Now close your eyes and imagine that you and I are flying back to Earth. Happy landing to you guys!
V. Consolidation of the studied material(slide 16)
So you and I have learned a lot about the Earth’s satellite, the Moon. Now let’s check how well you remember everything.
Group work
Place statements on the tables using the words given to you. But keep in mind that not all words will be useful to you.
I group
II group
(
III group
Read the statements you received.
One of the groups came across the surname Gagarin. Who can tell me who this is? (the first person to fly into space).
Give his full name. (Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin)
Or maybe someone can tell me the year when Yuri Gagarin made his flight? ( April 12, 1961)
Well done boys!
VI. Reflection on learning activities in the classroom.
- The bell will ring soon
Let's sum it up quickly.
What new did you learn in the lesson? (about the fact that the Moon is a satellite of the Earth, about the surface of the Moon, about the phases, about people who conquered the moon)
Self-assessment of work
I suggest that you evaluate your work in class: (on everyone’s table there are stars of three colors)
Red star- the lesson was easy and interesting.
Yellow star- experienced difficulties.
Brown star- the lesson was boring, difficult, I didn’t understand anything.
Home rear Prepare a message about the Moon on behalf of an astronaut or astronomer scientist.
Bibliography:
Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around us: Textbook for grade 2: In 2 hours – 8th edition. – Samara: Publishing House “Educational Literature”: Publishing House “Fedorov”, 2012.
Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. Workbook on the surrounding world for grade 2 - Samara: Publishing House "Educational Literature": Publishing House "Fedorov", 2013.
Gulueva T.S. The world around us, grade 2. Methodological recommendations for the textbook Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around us, grade 2. – Volgograd: Teacher, 2009. – 281 p.
Annex 1
Fairy tale “Why the month doesn’t have a dress”
Crescent dropped in to see Tailor,
Not to the heavenly, but to the earthly.
-Sew me, master, an elegant dress,
I will walk across the sky on holiday!
The Tailor took the measurements from the Crescent.
Invites him to a fitting.
But in just a few days
The month became twice as full.
Both his shoulders and chest are tight
Thus the Heavenly Moon has recovered!
Tailor almost cries with frustration:
-What kind of demon played a trick on me!
Your Grace has gained a little weight
Or the matter has shrunk from washing, -
To be honest, I don't understand...
OK! I'll take a new fitting.
Day after day goes by,
Tailor doesn't waste a minute.
Well, the Moon is a night reveler
In the meantime it became the full moon.
He tries on a tight dress
And, sighing, mutters curses:
-Sinner, swindler, villain!
I would be ashamed of good people.
For the last three days and three nights
The dress has become tighter and shorter!
Tailor did not answer anything,
Why can Tailor argue with Luna?
He took the customer’s measurements again:
The dress will be ready for the holiday.
The seams of the dress were ripped apart by the tailor,
The chest was expanded and the hem was added.
There's a little work left to do,
And the Moon is knocking on the window.
Yes, not a Month, but a thin Sickle
At this time he was doing damage,
Not the Moon, but just half:
Only horns and a round back.
Tailor shook all over with anger:
-No, stop joking with me!
I tried to please you foolishly.
Every day, you changed your figure.
Then you became round like a pancake.
That's as thin as this arshin.
Sewing a dress for you is a waste of time,
Better stay without a dress!
Appendix 2
Rules for working in pairs
Both should work.
One speaks, the other listens.
If you don't understand, ask again.
Group rules
There must be a person in charge in the group.
If you don't understand, ask again.
One speaks, others listen.
Express your disagreement politely.
Everyone must work for the common result.
Appendix 3
Cards with statements for group work.
I group
Mars, Sun, Moon, artificial, natural, satellite of the Earth, Pluto.
(“The Moon is the natural satellite of the Earth”)
II group
The first, people, animals, Armstrong, Gagarin, who conquered, Aldrin, the Moon. ( The first people to conquer the moon - Armstrong and Aldrin")
III group
Craters formed by comets, from impacts, depressions, these are meteorites. (Craters are depressions formed by meteorite impacts.)
Appendix 4
Creative report with photographic materials
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