Holidays and events of August. Holidays and events of August Independence Day of South Ossetia

On August 26, 1382, two years after the Battle of Kulikovo, which was victorious for Rus', the Tatar Khan Tokhtamysh, who had taken power in the Horde from Mamai, on the 4th day of the siege, by cunning, captured, plundered and burned Moscow. This time the Russians were unable to unite. The Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Donskoy did not come out to fight and fled with his family to Kostroma. The defense of Moscow was led by the young Lithuanian prince Ostej, who was killed when he went outside the city walls to negotiate with the attackers.
The fate of Moscow soon befell Vladimir, Zvenigorod, Yuryev, Mozhaisk and the Ryazan lands. So Rus' was again subject to tribute.

The endless “hurrah”, the thunder of cannons and the drumming did not stop on the same day in 1856 on the Kremlin’s Cathedral Square. Moscow welcomed Alexander II, who was crowned king in the Assumption Cathedral. On this occasion, all kinds of favors awaited the subjects: conscription was abolished for 3 years, all arrears were forgiven, and the surviving Decembrists were amnestied. The participants in the events on Senate Square were given back their estates and titles. On this day, the leader of the uprising, Prince Sergei Petrovich Trubetskoy, received freedom - after 30 years of hard labor and exile.

And 14 years later - on August 26, 1879 - the Executive Committee of Narodnaya Volya adopted a resolution on the execution of Emperor Alexander II

“... Tsar Alexander II, the main representative of the usurpation of the people’s autocracy, the main pillar of reaction, the main culprit of judicial murders, must be executed,” the decision of the executive committee said. It took two and a half years to carry out the sentence. And on March 1, 1881, the emperor was mortally wounded on the embankment of the Catherine Canal.

On August 26, 1957, a TASS report was published about the successful testing of an intercontinental ballistic missile (speed 22,000 kilometers per hour, flight range over 5,000 kilometers).
A test of a similar missile in the United States on June 12 ended in failure. Meanwhile Soviet Union increased success. The launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite on October 4, which circled the planet at a speed of 24,500 km/h in 95 minutes, caused a shock in the United States.
In November 1957, the USSR launched the second satellite, with the dog Laika on board. The third Soviet satellite was launched into orbit on May 15, 1958. This was followed by the launches of new satellites and space probes to the Moon and into interplanetary space.
The USSR's leadership in space technology seriously worried the American public and forced the United States to take a closer look at space issues. They launched the first artificial satellite, Explorer, on February 1, 1958.

Variety fans don’t need to be told for a long time who Anna German is. Her exciting voice immediately attracted attention, no matter what language the song was sung in - Russian, Polish, English or Italian. “Once a year the gardens bloom”, “We are a long echo of each other”, “Hope” - these unforgettable songs still do not leave anyone indifferent. On the same day in 1982, Anna German passed away. She was 46 years old.

In 1451, Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa. He made the journey that radically changed his life at a fairly mature age. When the expedition led by Columbus on three sailing ships - "Santa Maria", "Nina" and "Pinta" - left Spain to find a western route from Europe to the East, the navigator was already in his 42nd year. Nowadays every schoolchild knows what happened on October 14, 1492. Upon returning to Madrid, the discoverer of America expected the greatest honors and... wealth. So rumors that the great Genoese died in poverty are “grossly exaggerated.”

Admiral was born on August 26, 1787 Alexander Sergeevich Menshikov, Commander-in-Chief of the ground and naval forces during the Crimean War, which was unsuccessful for Russia.
His Serene Highness, great-grandson of the famous Alexander Menshikov, ally of Peter the Great, distinguished himself in the wars with Napoleon, was wounded during the capture of Paris. From 1817, as adjutant general, he accompanied Alexander I on his trips abroad to congresses. Holy Alliance. This gifted man was prevented from making a more enviable career by his sharp tongue. Alexander Sergeevich hung a crucifix in his office, and on both sides of it were portraits of Arakcheev and Benkendorf. “Here is Christ crucified between two thieves,” he explained to visitors. It is not surprising that at the end of the reign of Alexander I, Menshikov was dismissed from service. But with the accession of Nicholas I, the scoffer again became one of the most influential people at court. Since 1827, he was the chief of the Naval Staff and actually led the Russian fleet, and in addition, he carried out important assignments of the sovereign - he ruled Finland, led the censorship committee, and was ambassador to Constantinople. It seemed that Menshikov understood absolutely everything - he even had a veterinary diploma. But by the beginning of the Crimean War, the generalist had fallen on dark times: his careless policy in the Turkish capital accelerated Crimean War, and during the military operations he was unable to cope with the attack of the British and French on the Crimea. After his resignation, the admiral settled in the village and did not get involved in politics again until his death in 1869.

Hero of the failed coup in 1991 Gennady Yanaev, who was born exactly 150 years after Menshikov, also no longer gets involved in politics.
The former vice-president of the USSR and head of the State Emergency Committee was born on the same day in 1937 in the village of Perevoz, Gorky region. In 1959, he graduated from the Agricultural Institute in Gorky and worked as an engineer in the Nizhny Novgorod outback for more than three years. In 1963, Yanaev’s first career leap took place: he was elected second, and three years later, first secretary of the Gorky Regional Committee of the Komsomol. At the beginning of 1968, the 30-year-old Komsomol leader received the enviable position of chairman of the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR. In this capacity, he often visited abroad. Bard Alexander Gorodnitsky was with Yanaev in Paris in 1968 and remembered how during an excursion to the Louvre he was indignant: “What kind of museum? They put some kind of stone woman without a head and with wings at the very entrance. And there is no beer anywhere!” When in 1980 Gennady Ivanovich became deputy chairman of the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, dreams of a big position could be abandoned. Since 1986, Yanaev served in the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, which was also a career sink for unlucky party bureaucrats. But in September 1989, his sharp leap up the bureaucratic ladder began. First, he was made deputy chairman of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions, in April 1990 - head of Soviet trade unions, and in July of the same year - secretary of the party's Central Committee for international affairs. On December 27, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR elected Yanaev as vice president of the country. Gennady Ivanovich knew how to speak fluently on perestroika topics, but did not have any real political weight. Nevertheless, when the State Emergency Committee was created, it was he who was appointed chairman. Nowadays, Yanaev blames Gorbachev for everything, who, according to his version, was the main initiator of the creation of the State Emergency Committee, and then stepped aside. On August 22, 1991, the head of the State Emergency Committee was arrested. In February 1994, he, along with the rest of the putschists, was amnestied and since then has been fundamentally far from politics.

Today is the birthday of a popular Russian singer. Zemfira.

The fate of Moscow soon befell Vladimir, Zvenigorod, Yuryev, Mozhaisk and the Ryazan lands. So Rus' was again subject to tribute.

On August 26, 1451, Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa. He made the journey that radically changed his life at a fairly mature age. When the expedition led by Columbus on three sailing ships - "Santa Maria", "Nina" and "Pinta" - left Spain to find a western route from Europe to the East, the navigator was already in his 42nd year. Nowadays every schoolchild knows what happened on October 14, 1492.

Upon returning to Madrid, the discoverer of America expected the greatest honors and... wealth. So rumors that the great Genoese died in poverty are “grossly exaggerated.”

On August 26, 1787, Admiral Alexander Sergeevich Menshikov, commander-in-chief of land and naval forces during the Crimean War, which was unsuccessful for Russia, was born.

His Serene Highness, great-grandson of the famous Alexander Menshikov, ally of Peter the Great, distinguished himself in the wars with Napoleon, was wounded during the capture of Paris. From 1817, as adjutant general, he accompanied Alexander I on his trips abroad to the congresses of the Holy Alliance. This gifted man was prevented from making a more enviable career by his sharp tongue. Alexander Sergeevich hung a crucifix in his office, and on both sides of it were portraits of Arakcheev and Benkendorf. “Here is Christ crucified between two thieves,” he explained to visitors. It is not surprising that at the end of the reign of Alexander I, Menshikov was dismissed from service. But with the accession of Nicholas I, the scoffer again became one of the most influential people at court.

Since 1827, he was the chief of the Naval Staff and actually led the Russian fleet, and in addition, he carried out important assignments of the sovereign - he ruled Finland, led the censorship committee, and was ambassador to Constantinople. It seemed that Menshikov understood absolutely everything - he even had a veterinary diploma. But by the beginning of the Crimean War, the generalist had fallen on dark times: his careless policies in the Turkish capital accelerated the Crimean War, and during the military operations he was unable to cope with the attack of the British and French on the Crimea. After his resignation, the admiral settled in the village and did not get involved in politics again until his death in 1869.

The endless “hurrah”, the thunder of cannons and the drumming did not stop on August 26, 1856 on the Kremlin’s Cathedral Square. Moscow welcomed Alexander II, who was crowned king in the Assumption Cathedral. On this occasion, all kinds of favors awaited the subjects: conscription was abolished for 3 years, all arrears were forgiven, and the surviving Decembrists were amnestied. The participants in the events on Senate Square were given back their estates and titles. On this day, the leader of the uprising, Prince Sergei Petrovich Trubetskoy, received freedom - after 30 years of hard labor and exile.

And 14 years later - on August 26, 1879 - the Executive Committee of Narodnaya Volya adopted a resolution on the execution of Emperor Alexander II.

The hero of the failed coup in 1991, Gennady Yanaev, no longer gets involved in politics.

The former vice-president of the USSR and head of the State Emergency Committee was born on August 26, 1937 in the village of Perevoz, Gorky region. In 1959, he graduated from the Agricultural Institute in Gorky and worked as an engineer in the Nizhny Novgorod outback for more than three years. In 1963, Yanaev’s first career leap took place: he was elected second, and three years later, first secretary of the Gorky Regional Committee of the Komsomol. At the beginning of 1968, the 30-year-old Komsomol leader received the enviable position of chairman of the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR. In this capacity, he often visited abroad. Bard Alexander Gorodnitsky was with Yanaev in Paris in 1968 and remembered how during an excursion to the Louvre he was indignant: “What kind of museum? They put some kind of stone woman without a head and with wings at the very entrance. And there is no beer anywhere!” When in 1980 Gennady Ivanovich became deputy chairman of the Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries, dreams of a big position could be abandoned. Since 1986, Yanaev served in the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, which was also a career sink for unlucky party bureaucrats. But in September 1989, his sharp leap up the bureaucratic ladder began.

First, he was made deputy chairman of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions, in April 1990 - head of Soviet trade unions, and in July of the same year - secretary of the party's Central Committee for international affairs. On December 27, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR elected Yanaev as vice president of the country. Gennady Ivanovich knew how to speak fluently on perestroika topics, but did not have any real political weight. Nevertheless, when the State Emergency Committee was created, it was he who was appointed chairman. Nowadays, Yanaev blames Gorbachev for everything, who, according to his version, was the main initiator of the creation of the State Emergency Committee, and then stepped aside. On August 22, 1991, the head of the State Emergency Committee was arrested. In February 1994, he, along with the rest of the putschists, was amnestied and since then has been fundamentally far from politics.

August 26, 55 BC e. Julius Caesar invaded Britain. Two Roman legions (about ten thousand people) under the leadership of Julius Caesar crossed the strait that separated the continent and Britain. Warriors ready for battle were waiting for them on the rocks, so the landing took place the next day, when a suitable beach was found. The Romans were confronted by a serious enemy, armed with horse-drawn carts. Caesar did not wait for his cavalry due to worsening weather. Having repaired the ships, the Romans returned back with nothing. A year later, a new invasion attempt will be made, but a strong storm will foil this too. For almost a century, Rome will not disturb the islanders after this.

On August 26, 1071, the Battle of Manzikert took place, ending with the victory of the Seljuk Turks over Byzantium.

North of Lake Van in Armenia, Seljuk troops (one of the branches of the Turkmens) under the leadership of Alp Arslan defeated the army of the Byzantine emperor Romanus IV Diogenes, who was captured. The Seljuks, who then settled in Azerbaijan and Asia Minor, merged with the indigenous population and formed the Azerbaijani and Turkish peoples.

On this day in 1346 the Battle of Crecy took place., the English troops of King Edward III defeated the French army of King Philip VI. At the same time, the army of Edward III was the first in Europe to use cannons that fired round cannonballs.

The outcome of the battle was decided by the English archers, who brought confusion into the ranks of the attacking French mounted knights. Arrows fired from the long bows of the British flew at a distance of up to 350 m. In the same battle, the British used firearms for the first time. More than one and a half thousand French knights died, and Philip, who was wounded, escaped. For the next 90 years, England dominated the continent, occupying the French port of Calais the following year.

On August 26, 1382, the troops of Khan Tokhtamysh captured, plundered and burned Moscow. The previous two days had passed in fruitless attempts by the Tatars to take the city by storm. However, the townspeople, left at a critical moment without the Grand Duke Dmitry of Moscow, who had gone to Kostroma for reinforcements, were able to overcome the unrest and establish a defense. The young Lithuanian prince Ostej played an important role in this. Then Tokhtamysh offered the defenders negotiations, during which he promised to pardon the residents of Moscow if they voluntarily open the gates. Two Nizhny Novgorod princes, sons of the Suzdal prince, who were in his army, confirmed the khan’s words. When the gates opened, the Tatars attacked the townspeople who came out to meet them, led by Prince Ostey, after which massacres, robberies and arson began in Moscow.

On August 26, 1498, 23-year-old Michelangelo received a commission to create a sculptural group for St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. The Pieta, or Lamentation of Christ, made from a single block of Carrara marble, became one of his most famous creations.

This day in 1648 became the “Day of the Barricades” in Paris.

They grew up in the French capital in response to Cardinal Mazarin's attempt ten days earlier to arrest the parliamentary opposition leaders Blancmenil and Brussels. The protest of the people against the regent Anne of Austria and the government of Cardinal Mazarin took on a massive armed character, which was immediately taken advantage of by the cardinal's opponents among the aristocracy - the Prince of Condé, the Duke of Orleans, Cardinal De Retz, who led the movement called the Fronde. The Queen and the First Minister were forced to flee Paris along with the young Louis XIV in order to collect royal troops and begin the siege of the city.

The country has begun Civil War. The ensuing turmoil showed that the prince was no better than his predecessors, and at the end of 1652 the Queen Mother and young Louis XIV returned to Paris amid general rejoicing. “Unrest, when it reaches an extreme, inevitably leads to the establishment of absolute power,” stated Cardinal Mazarin.

On August 26, 1728, Vitus Bering discovered the strait between Asia and America, called the Bering Strait.

Johann Heinrich Lambert was born on August 26, 1728. German astronomer, mathematician, physicist, philosopher, author mathematical theory map projections.

On August 26, 1735, the first attempt was made to found the fortified city of Orenburg at the confluence of the Or and Yaik rivers. The name of the city itself is most often translated as “fortress on the Or River.” The original location turned out to be not very favorable and, moreover, subject to severe flooding during spring floods, so preparations began for the construction of a fortress downstream of the Yaik, on Red Mountain. However, construction never began, and on April 30, 1743, Orenburg was founded again, on the site of the former Berd fortress, this time successfully. In connection with such vicissitudes, the city is called “thrice conceived and once born.” Orenburg was the main fortress on the southeastern border of Russia and the largest center of trade with Central Asia.

Born August 26, 1743 Antoine Lavoisier, French scientist, founder of modern chemistry.

On August 26, 1770, the first scientific article on the subject of potatoes, “Notes on Potatoes,” appeared.. Agronomist Andrei Timofeevich Bolotov published a scientific article on the proper cultivation of crops in the garden, marking the beginning of the mass distribution of “second bread” in Rus'. The article was published in “Proceedings of the Imperial Free Economic Society" - the oldest Russian special periodical magazine, published in St. Petersburg in 1766 - 1915.

On August 26, 1789, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was adopted in France, a document that laid the foundations of bourgeois law in Europe.

The ideas of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen are based on the concept of equality and freedom that belongs to everyone from birth. Personal freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of belief, and the right to resist oppression were declared the natural rights of man and citizen.

On this day in 1791, American John Fitch received a patent for the steamboat he had invented. demonstrated four years earlier. In the same year he will receive a patent in France. Unable to prove the economic benefits of building ships with a steam engine, Fitch would die in 1798, and fame would go to the Englishman Robert Fulton, who would achieve success only twenty years after Finch.

August 26, 1795 imprisoned in the Castle of San Leo in the Marche mountains died either from pneumonia, or from the poison put into his food by his jailers, a great spirit exorcist, adventurer and alchemist Giuseppe Balsamo, better known as Alessandro Cagliostro.

On August 26, 1801, Philippe Le Bon patented a two-stroke internal combustion engine.

On August 26, 1806, on the orders of Napoleon, the Nuremberg bookseller Johann Palm was shot for distributing the brochure “Germany in its Humiliation.”

By this time, the Confederation of the Rhine was formed and the Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist. German nation. Instead of 112 mini-states, power was first distributed among a dozen German princes, and of the imperial cities, only six retained their independence: Augsburg, Nuremberg, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck.

Later, they were all deprived of political independence, as were numerous counts, dukes, barons and knights. In Germany, deprived of the right to control its own destiny, resistance began to grow, and several publications were published calling for an uprising. Such agitation did not bring success, but the emperor, always sensitive to such attacks, ordered Marshal Berthier, under the pretext that the pamphleteers threatened the safety of the French army, to influence them with intimidating examples. Palm was the victim, but his execution led to the unanimous indignation of writers, professors and students - the most enlightened part of the population.

On this day in 1813, Napoleon's last victory took place.. In a two-day battle on the Elbe River near Dresden, the 165,000-strong army of the French emperor defeated the Bohemian Army (227,000 people) of the anti-Napoleonic coalition (Prussia, Austria and Russia under the command of Austrian Field Marshal Karl Philipp Schwarzenberg. The Allied army was saved from death by the successful actions of the 15th Army that covered its retreat. thousand-strong Russian rearguard, which defeated the pursuing French in the battle of Kulm on August 29-30. And in October, at the Battle of Leipzig, nicknamed the “Battle of the Nations,” Napoleon will suffer a severe defeat, after which Russian troops will soon enter Paris and Napoleon will be forced to abdicate the throne .

On August 26, 1847, the Republic of Liberia was proclaimed the first independent state in black Africa. The founding fathers were immigrants - freed blacks exported (starting in 1821) from the United States, who took dominant positions in all spheres of activity.

On this day in 1858, the first news was sent by telegraph.

On this day in 1866, Shamil took the oath of allegiance to Russia. 3 years later, by the Highest Decree, Shamil was elevated to hereditary nobility. In 1868, knowing that Shamil was no longer young and the Kaluga climate was not having the best effect on his health, the emperor decided to choose a more suitable place for him, which was Kyiv. In 1870, Alexander II allowed him to travel to Mecca for a pilgrimage. After performing the Hajj, Shamil visited Medina, where he died in February 1871. He was buried in Medina at the al-Baqi cemetery (now Saudi Arabia).

August 26, 1883 - the beginning of the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano in Indonesia- one of the most powerful and tragic in its consequences in the history of the Earth.

On August 26, 1903, paleontologist Otto Hauser discovers a perfectly preserved skeleton of a Cro-Magnon man.

On August 26, 1907, Houdini, chained and thrown into the water, surfaced after 57 seconds.(Water park in San Francisco).

On August 26, 1910, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, better known as Mother Teresa of Calcutta, was born in the Macedonian city of Skopje. From an early age, she dreamed of devoting herself to monastic service and caring for the poor in India. At the age of eighteen, Agnes went to Ireland and joined the monastic order “Irish Sisters of Loreto”, where she took monastic vows under the name of Teresa. Soon her dream came true: she was sent to Calcutta, where she taught for almost 20 years.

In 1948, Mother Teresa founded the monastic congregation “Sisters of the Missionaries of Love”, which was engaged in the creation of schools, hospitals and shelters for the poor. Since 1965, its activities have expanded beyond India, focusing mainly on economically disadvantaged areas and natural disaster areas.

In 1979, Mother Teresa was awarded Nobel Prize peace. However, critics note many shortcomings in the activities of the Mission of Mercy, mainly related to the issue of distribution of incoming donations and poor care for the sick. Mother Teresa died in September 1997.

August 26, 1915was born Boris Safonov, fighter pilot, twice Hero of the Soviet Union.

On August 26, 1920, 95 years ago, the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR; since 1936 - the Soviet Union, now independent Kazakhstan.

August 26, 1925 R got dressedPetr Todorovsky, film director. He directed such popular films as “The Beloved Woman of Mechanic Gavrilov”, “Intergirl”, “Anchor, More Anchor!”, and his “Field Romance” was nominated for an Oscar in 1984.

On this day in 1936, the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, signed in the Swiss city of Montreux, ended the British occupation of Egypt. Great Britain retained the right to maintain 10,000 soldiers and 400 aircraft in the Suez Canal zone for twenty years.

On August 26, 1944, Charles de Gaulle enters Paris. Despite the general capitulation of the Germans and Vichys, the city was still unsafe, since several dozen of the most fanatical soldiers (mostly snipers) continued to resist in certain parts of the city. Their actions killed and injured several dozen soldiers and civilians. There is even a known case when on the afternoon of August 29, 1944, a German sniper from the roof of one of the houses in the center of Paris near the Hôtel de Crillon fired a shot at Charles de Gaulle, speaking at the parade, but missed and was destroyed by return fire. De Gaulle calmly finished his speech and left the podium.

On August 26, 1946, Norma Jeane Baker signed a contract with XX Century Fox. They started calling her Marilyn Monroe(Monroe was her mother's maiden name, and the name was taken from the famous dancer Marilyn Miller).

On August 26, 1957, TASS reported the successful test of an intercontinental ballistic missile.

On August 26, 1972, the XX Summer Opened in Munich Olympic Games. At the opening of the games, a terrorist attack occurred against Israeli athletes. Members of the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September killed 11 people from the Israeli Olympic team: four coaches, five competitors and two judges. Five of the eight terrorists were killed by police during a failed attempt to free the hostages.

The three surviving terrorists were captured but later released by West Germany after the Black September hijacking of a Lufthansa airliner. Israel responded to the release of the terrorists with Operations Spring of Youth and Wrath of God, during which Israeli intelligence services tracked down and killed those suspected of preparing a terrorist attack.

On this day in 1974, the independence of Guinea-Bissau was declared.

August 26, 1975 Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie was strangled. During the Italo-Ethiopian War of 1935-1936, he led the fight against the Italian invaders.

August 26, 1980was born Macaulay Culkin, American film actor from the films "Home Alone".

August 26, 1982 died Anna German. The cause of death was given as sarcoma. The main difference between sarcoma and cancerous tumors is that the first disease develops much faster, without a specific focus, spreading throughout all internal organs.

For many years, pain did not leave the performer, and as a result resulted in such a disappointing diagnosis. Anna German actively fought the disease for several months, but the diagnosis turned out to be stronger. On the night of August 26, 1982, the performer died in the hospital, after which she was buried in a cemetery in Warsaw.

On August 26, 1988, the famous American swimmer Lynn Cox performed another record swim in open water, crossing Lake Baikal in 4 hours and 20 minutes.

August 26, 1989 died Irving Stone, American writer, famous for his fictional biographies of famous personalities. At first he wrote plays and detective stories until, in 1934, he was able to publish Lust for Life, a novel about the life of Vincent van Gogh that had previously been rejected by 17 publishers. Among his heroes are Michelangelo, Sigmund Freud, Charles Darwin, Jack London.

August 26, 1996 of the year ex-president South Korea's Chun Doo-hwan has been sentenced to death for mass shootings of demonstrations.

On this day in 2002, the Georgian parliament in the evening decided to secede Georgia from the CIS and the complete withdrawal of military bases and peacekeeping forces from Georgian territory.

Miner's Day

The holiday was established by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 10, 1947 at the proposal of the Ministers of the USSR Coal Industry Dmitry Onika and Alexander Zasyadko. It is celebrated annually on the last Sunday of August.

Mining in Russia began under the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III in the second half of the 15th century. But only during the reign of Peter I, mining began to actively develop. He was the first to see “...the benefits of mining factories, from which the land becomes richer and prosperous.” Intensive development of the mining industry began in the central part of Russia, the Urals, and Siberia.

TO end of the 19th century century, mining took a leading place among other branches of Russian industry. The number of workers employed in mining was more than 400 thousand people.

By the beginning of the 20th century, coal production increased to 12 million tons, and in 1913 it reached almost 36 million tons.

And today the Russian coal industry is one of the system-forming ones. In 2012, the Long-term program for the development of the coal industry until 2030 was adopted. Coal mining in our country is carried out by about 200 coal enterprises, including over 70 coal mines and more than 120 open-pit mines. Enterprises in the industry produced about 400 million tons of coal.

Today, Miner's Day is also celebrated by coal miners in Belarus, Estonia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Ukraine.

10 years ago (2008) Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed decrees on recognition Russian Federation independence of the Republic of Abkhazia and the Republic of South Ossetia.

Until 2008, referendums were held several times in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, in which the absolute majority of residents of the republics spoke out for the independence of their republics.

At the end of July - beginning of August 2008, the situation in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict began to deteriorate sharply. Active fighting began on the night of August 7-8, when Georgia began a massive shelling of the capital of South Ossetia, Tskhinvali. The locations of Russian peacekeepers were also attacked.

On August 8, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev announced the start of an operation to force Georgia to peace in the conflict zone. About 10 thousand Russian military personnel and hundreds of units of military equipment were brought into the region to protect Russian citizens living there and to help Russian peacekeepers; ships approached the shores of Abkhazia Black Sea Fleet RF.

On August 9, the armed forces of Abkhazia entered the conflict and began an operation to oust Georgian troops from the Kodori Gorge.

The fighting continued until August 12. Russia's Russian operation to force Georgia to peace ended in the defeat of Georgian troops.

Later, the heads of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Georgia and Russia signed a plan for a peaceful resolution of the conflict, developed by Dmitry Medvedev and French President Nicolas Sarkozy.

On August 25, the Federation Council and the State Duma adopted a joint appeal to the President of Russia to recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The very next day, Russia officially recognized South Ossetia and Abkhazia as independent states. Later, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru, Tuvalu and Syria did so.

At the moment, Abkhazia and South Ossetia are partially recognized states.

99 years ago (1919) By the decree of the Council of People's Commissars “On the unification of the theatrical business,” all private circuses were nationalized.

The origins of circus art in Russia date back to the 11th century - with the performances of buffoons. The first stationary circuses appeared

only in the 19th century. In 1849, the Imperial Circus began its work in St. Petersburg, and in 1880, the Albert Salamonsky Circus opened in Moscow on Tsvetnoy Boulevard (now the Moscow Nikulin Circus).

In 1919, a circus section was established under the Theater Department of the People's Commissariat of Education, which nationalized Moscow circuses and developed a plan for reforming their repertoire. In the summer of the same year, the Salamonsky Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard and the Nikitin Circus on Sadovo-Triumfalnaya were nationalized and renamed the First and Second Moscow State Circuses.

On August 26, 1919, Vladimir Lenin signed a decree according to which all Russian circuses became state-owned.

In 1957, on the basis of the Main Directorate of Circuses, the All-Union Association “Soyuzgoscirk” was formed, which included all Soviet circuses, except for the Great Moscow Circus on Vernadsky Avenue, the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard, the St. Petersburg Circus on Fontanka and the Kazan State Circus.

After the collapse of the USSR, the association was transformed into the State Company "Russian Circus" (now the "Russian State Circus Company").

"Rosgostsirk" is the largest circus company in the world. It unites more than 40 stationary circuses throughout Russia, employing almost 3 thousand artists.

636 years ago (1382) Tatar Khan Tokhtamysh captured and burned Moscow.

In 1377, Khan Tokhtamysh, with the support of Tamerlane's troops, began to conquer the Golden Horde. Three years later, he managed to capture the entire Golden Horde, including its capital, Sarai-Berke.

In the summer of 1382, Khan Tokhtamysh captured Volga Bulgaria (a state that existed in X-XIII centuries in the middle Volga region and the Kama basin), and moved towards Moscow. On August 24, 1382, he approached the capital. While Grand Duke Moscow's Dmitry Donskoy gathered an army in the northern Russian lands, so the defense of Moscow was led by the young Lithuanian prince Ostey. During the three-day siege of the city, for the first time in our country military history artillery pieces (“mattresses” and “great cannons”) were used. On August 26, 1382, the Khan took Moscow by cunning, promising the townspeople an honorable peace, provided that they let in the Tatar embassy. Muscovites believed and opened the gates. Khan did not fulfill his promise. More than half of the townspeople (about 20 thousand people) were killed, and the city was plundered and burned.

After this, the Tatars took Pereyaslavl, Vladimir, Yuryev, Zvenigorod, Mozhaisk and other cities near Moscow, imposing tribute on them.

46 years ago (1972) The 20th Summer Olympic Games opened in Munich (Germany).

More than 7 thousand athletes from 121 countries took part in them. The games were marred by a horrific terrorist attack. On September 5, militants from the Palestinian extremist organization Black September captured nine members of the Israeli national team in the Olympic village. During the unsuccessful liberation operation, all the hostages died. Five terrorists were killed and three more were arrested.

At an emergency meeting of the IOC, it was decided to continue the XX Summer Olympic Games. On September 7, the competition was resumed. The leaders of the unofficial team standings were the USSR team, which won 50 gold, 27 silver and 22 bronze medals. The second place was taken by the US team (33 gold, 31 silver, 30 bronze), and the third place by the GDR team (20, 23, 23).

98 years ago (1920) In the United States, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution abolishing voting restrictions for women came into force.

Until the 19th century, throughout the world, women's right to participate in elections was granted locally, and, as a rule, there were additional restrictions, in particular, property qualifications and social status. One of the first countries where women's suffrage was introduced were New Zealand (1893) and Australia (1902).

In the United States, women first began voting in Wyoming in 1869. Utah women also gained this right in 1870, although they were later denied the right to vote by the federal Edmunds-Tucker Act passed by Congress in 1887.

After World War I, women became more involved in public life and accept independent decisions in production. American women began to fight for equality with men, primarily in the field of voting rights.

On August 18, 1920, the US Senate passed the 19th Amendment to the Constitution, which introduced active suffrage for women. Its text was written by American public figures Susan Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton. The amendment was officially introduced by California Senator Aaron Sargent.

250 years ago (1768) from the English city of Plymouth (Great Britain) the first round the world expedition James Cook.

Its goals were astronomical observations, searches for Antarctica, as well as exploration of the coastal territory of Australia and adjacent archipelagos.

During the expedition, which lasted three years, the Great Barrier Reef was discovered, New Zealand's island position was established, and a number of islands northwest of the island were mapped. Tahiti.

Abkhazia Independence Day

Abkhazians believe that on this day in 2008, historical justice finally triumphed - Russia recognized the independence of Abkhazia. It was difficult process— Sukhum, having learned the news, stopped working. A huge mass of people gathered in Freedom Square. Framed by three destroyed buildings, there was a pedestal for the monument to Lenin; rallies and various events are traditionally held around it. The President of Abkhazia also attended the rally and congratulated the people. He noted that the people's dream has finally come true, and the achieved result is the result of collective efforts.

South Ossetia Independence Day

On August 26, 2008, Russia decided to recognize the independence of South Ossetia. After the attack by Georgian troops on the capital of South Ossetia, Tskhinvali, Russia sent its troops into the republic and then recognized independence. The Georgian side shelled areas of the city, resulting in casualties. Some 1,632 people died, mostly refugees. Georgia broke with Moscow diplomatic relations, considering the two independent republics as occupied territories.

Women's Equality Day in USA

American women celebrated the holiday for the first time in 1971. The US is a true champion for women's rights around the world. Bella Abzug, a politician and lawyer who first initiated the holiday, is a feminist with Russian roots. The first Jewish woman summoned to the American Congress looked very unusual - her head was always decorated with a wide-brimmed hat. Women's equality was thought about back in the 19th century. A group of enthusiasts proclaimed that men and women are created equally, and a real national movement began. In 1920, the 19th Amendment was passed, guaranteeing women's rights to participate in elections. Women received voting rights. American women fight for women's rights around the world, opposing circumcision, prostitution, and child marriage.

August 26 in the folk calendar

Day of Tikhon the Passionate

Timofey Zadonsky in the world bore the simple surname Sokolov. The famous church leader and theologian lived in the 18th century and was a major Orthodox educator. Beginning his education at the Department of Rhetoric, Tikhon took monastic vows and eventually became an archimandrite of the Assumption Monastery, then a bishop. Under him, the system of spiritual education rose to a new level, he was also involved in the arrangement of temples and had a moral influence on social life society.

In 1861 he was canonized as a saint. Many miracles took place at his relics. He is considered a helper against all despondency. On this day you need to go around the house with the “Passionate” icon, which is why two names appeared in the name of the holiday. On this day, the peasants cleaned up the barns, casting spells on the canopy against the evil eye and all evil spirits. If the winds blow calmly, it will be windy for several days ahead. Storms foreshadowed rainy September days. If there are a lot of mushrooms in the forest, you can hope for a good harvest of bread.

Historical events of August 26

The struggle between the Golden Horde and other parts of the Tatars heated up, Tokhtamysh was able to capture large territories from Mamai, starting from Azov, with the capital in Saray, and approached Moscow. Moscow was ruled by Dmitry Donskoy, and he decided not to take the fight, fleeing to Kostroma with his family, and leaving the defense of Moscow to the young prince from Lithuania Osteya. The Muscovites did not surrender the city for two days, but Tokhtamysh outwitted the Muscovites by promising pardon upon surrendering the city. The promise could not be fulfilled - the city was plundered, a lot of people died. The nearest cities and Moscow were subject to tribute.

The evangelist and apostle Luke wrote this icon on a board from the table at which Jesus dined with the Mother of God; in the 12th century it was given to Yuri Dolgoruky; the icon was kept in Kyiv, in the Vyshegorodsky monastery. It was moved to the Assumption Cathedral by the prince's son Andrei Bogolyubsky, and the Moscow prince decided to move the icon to Moscow. The journey to Moscow took 10 days. On the sides of the road people were kneeling and praying. The Tatar Khan Tamerlane had a vision at that moment - with high mountain Several saints with golden rods descended to him in a dream. This, as the wise men explained to the khan, was the Mother of God herself coming to the defense of the Russian land. Today the icon is kept in the Tretyakov Gallery.

The newfangled exotic dish did not immediately take root on Russian tables. At court banquets it began to be served as an exotic dish. A little later, when they learned to use potatoes correctly, a special decree was issued ordering the cultivation of potatoes in order to prevent famine. In some areas, real potato riots swept through - the peasants, who had not yet understood the benefits of potatoes, expressed their protest. Today potatoes are considered the second bread, and in those days Andrei Bolotov became the first scientific agronomist to describe the properties of potatoes.

Born on August 26

Petr Todorovsky(1925 -2013) - Russian film director

His films feature ordinary people and everyday events, but feelings are expressed in difficult circumstances. Therefore, the stories and directing are simply breathtaking. Pyotr Efimovich survived the war, reached the Elbe, and this left an indelible imprint on his life and work. The audience’s favorite films are “Two Fedoras”, “Never”, “City Romance”, “It Was the Month of May”, “Spring on Zarechnaya Street”, “My Daughter”.

Mother Teresa(1910-1997) - Mother Teresa of Calcutta

Agnes Gonja is of Albanian origin, but at the age of 18 she became a member of the Catholic monastic order “Irish Sisters of Loreto”. She received her name in honor of the saint, Therese of Lisieux, canonized in 1927. The charitable nun worked in India on a mission to organize disaster relief in economically disadvantaged regions.

Georgiy Georgiou(1915 - 1991) - Soviet actor.

The bright and memorable actor made his debut in the role of a hooligan, and subsequently had no end to offers to act in films. He received the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR, starred in a huge number of films: “First Joys”, “ Secret mission", "An Ordinary Miracle", "An Old, Old Tale".

Yan Arlazorov(1947 -2009) – Russian actor and comedian.

At the time when he first appeared on the big television stage, he had more than 30 years of work at the Mossovet Theater behind him. In the early 90s, he became very popular with the theme “Man”, his famous catchphrase “God!” His method of working was to go out into the room and engage people, he was the only artist of his kind in the spoken word genre. He was also the author of many of his monologues and hosted a small show on the radio.

Valery Popenchenko(1937) – Soviet boxer

Valery Vladimirovich made his first successes in sports at the age of 12 - he became the champion of the Union. In 1959 he became the 2nd middleweight champion. Over the next 5 years, he becomes the permanent champion of the USSR, claims international gold at the Tokyo Olympics, but becomes the owner of the technicality cup. His track record includes 200 victories in 213 fights.

Name day August 26

Name day on this day Ivan, Konstantin, Vasily, Evdokia, Maxim, Ksenia, Alexey, Nikolai, Paramon, Tikhon, Yakov.

News of show business.