Presentation on the topic of mineral resources of the Urals. The riches of the stone belt and the mineral resources of the Urals. Minerals of the Urals

Ural. Geographical position. Relief and minerals. presentation compiled by: Sulina N.L. teacher of the 1st category of MKOU secondary school 25 Svobrdny village, Sverdlovsk region URAL When they talk about Russia, I see my blue Ural. Like girls, barefoot pines run away from the cloudy cliffs. In the meadows, in the carpeted expanses, among the fruitful fields, blue lakes lie like fragments of ancient seas. Richer than the colors of dawn, Lighter than the star pattern, Earthly lights of gems In the solemn twilight of the mountains. I took it all in with my heart, loving my land forever. But the main strength of the Urals is in the wonderful art of labor. I love the fire of creation In its harsh beauty, Martin's breath and the domain of breath And the wind of high speeds. I value simple faces and hands that melt metal. ...When they talk about Russia, I see my blue Ural. L. Tatyanicheva.

Ancient authors called the Ural Mountains the Riphean Mountains. “Stone Belt of the Russian Land”, “Stone”, “Earth Belt” - this is how the Urals were called until the 18th century. The name “Ural” appears since the 18th century in the works of the famous Russian historian and geographer Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev.

“For two hundred years, all of Russia plowed and reaped, forged, dug and chopped with products from Ural factories. She wore crosses made of Ural copper on her chest, rode on Ural axles, shot from Ural steel guns, baked pancakes in Ural frying pans, and jingled Ural nickels in her pocket.”

Rice. Structure and minerals of the Urals. Conclusion: The Ural is a complex folded-block mid-altitude destroyed mountain structure of the Hercynian age, which underwent rejuvenation in the Neogene-Quaternary period. The Subpolar and Southern Urals experienced the greatest rejuvenation. Complex geological structure and geological history explain the richness of the Urals in minerals.

URAL GRAPES Manor's house, iron-bound, cast iron lace fence. The owner ordered the stone cutter to cut grapes out of stone: So that it would be just like the real thing, Like a sun-filled bunch. Only the stone cutter, unfortunately, did not have a chance to see the grapes. What did he see? White snowstorms, Peaked blue Taganay, Pines and frowning spruce trees Dear to the heart, But a harsh land. Not the fruits of blooming Ukraine And not the scent of Crimean fruits, He knew only the bitter rowan, Red as a windy sunset. And the Ural master said to himself: Many troubles, the answer is always the same... - He took not transparent thumpas, Not sea water aquamarine, But blood-red rubies And a thick, brooding pomegranate, He cut out a bunch of native mountain ash: Here you have, master, local grapes. The master was rewarded with rods. But since then, people have become accustomed to calling the Red Rowan bunch Ural grapes. L. Tatyanicheva.

No. 1" Guba Oksana Nikolaevna

Slide 3

Determine where these objects are located?

1-r. Volga

2- Moscow

4-oz. Baikal

5-volk. Klyuchevskaya Sopka

6- Yamantau

7- valley of geysers

8- Yakutsk

Which object remains undefined?

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To determine where object No. 6 is located, try to guess the riddle:

To a solemn cry,

Add a consonant sound

So that the mountains stretch out,

From North to South.

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Lesson topic:

PC of Russia: Ural. Features of nature

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1. Show the uniqueness of the natural region - the Urals.

2.Develop knowledge about cause-and-effect relationships in nature

1.Analyze geographical position Ural mountains

2. Explain the relationship between the location of landforms and minerals and the geological structure

3.Work with atlas maps and contour maps

1.Features of the FGP of the Urals

2.Relief and its features

3. Minerals of the Urals

4. Climatic conditions of the Ural Mountains

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Origin of the name - Ural

In ancient sources, the Urals are partly associated with the Riphean and more often with the Hyperborean mountains
Russian pioneers called it Stone
The name Ural was introduced
V. Tatishchev from the Mansi “ur” (mountain).

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Using the map, determine the features of the geographical location of the Ural Mountains.

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Sample control:

Stretches from north to south along the 60th meridian
On the border between Europe and Asia
On the border of the Russian and West Siberian Plains
On the border of the Volga and Ob
On the border of temperate continental and continental climate types
Length from north to south 2000 km

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Based on the map and text of the textbook p. 184, determine the features of the formation of the Ural Mountains?

Draw a conclusion.

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The Urals are ancient mountains of Hercynian folding

In the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic, their destruction occurred, and in the Cenozoic it rose a second time, but to a small height.

The mountains experienced block-vertical movements and became folded-block.

Mountains consist of several chains parallel to each other.

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Fold-block structure of mountains

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Describe the appearance of the Ural Mountains

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Remnants are individual elevated elements of the relief, preserved from destruction, in the form of separate massifs

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Weathering pillars

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Compare the relief of parts of the Urals

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Narodnaya - the highest point of the Urals

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Geographic profile of the Ural Mountains

The Urals are asymmetrical mountains, because the western slope is gentle and the eastern slope is steep.

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Minerals of the Urals

Iron ore
Gold
Salt
Potassium salt
Copper ores
Coal
Asbestos
Chrome ores
Oil

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Ilmensky Mineralogical Reserve

Created in order to preserve an exceptionally diverse complex of rocks and minerals, as well as fauna.

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January
Determine the average January t in the northern and southern parts of the Urals
Determine the average July t in the northern and southern parts

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Test yourself Find errors in the text

The Urals are one of the highest mountain systems in Russia.

It was formed during the Mesozoic era of folding. The mountains consist of several chains that stretch parallel to each other in the meridional direction. The highest point is Narodnaya 2147 m. Volcanoes are located in the south of the mountain system.

The Urals from north to south can be divided into 5 parts. The main wealth of the Urals is ore, but there are reserves of coal, oil, salt, asbestos, marble, etc.

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Resources

Physical map of Russia

View all slides

During the lesson, students consider the geographical location of the Urals. The main factors of the geographical location of the Urals are studied. Then students, using atlas maps, determine the geographical location of the Ural Mountains.

Afterwards, students become familiar with the geological profile of the Ural Mountains and the rocks that make up the mountains.

Then a diagram of the Ural Mountains is examined, showing photographs of each orographic unit of the mountains.

In the presentation, students will learn information about one of the major rivers of the Urals - the Chusovaya River.

The issue of mineral resources in the Urals is discussed separately, since the Ural Mountains are a storehouse of Russia’s mineral reserves.

At the end of the lesson it is proposed to consider ecological problems mountains

Slide 1GP, relief, geological structure and minerals of the Urals
Slide 2Main factors of the Urals state border Borderline 1. Between two parts of the world 2. Between different areas earth's crust. 3. Between various forms of relief 4. Between the basins of the largest rivers. 5. Between climatic zones and regions. 6. Between several natural areas. Geographical position Deep position 2. Position on the border of Europe and Asia Ural ridge
Slide 3Define (using physical card), how the geographic location of the Urals affects its nature. GP factors position inside the continent elongation from north to south accessibility to winds from the Arctic Ocean
Slide 41800m 1200m 1600m Western slope Eastern slope Main ridge Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks Igneous and volcanic rocks Metamorphic rocks East European Plain Pz Pt Pz West Siberian Plain
Slide 5 Scheme of the Ural Mountains 1. Pai-Khoi 2. Polar Ural 3. Subpolar Ural 4. Northern Ural 5. Middle Ural 6. Southern Ural 2 1 3 4 6 5
Slide 6Polar Ural
Slide 7 Subpolar Urals
Slide 8 Subpolar Urals Saber Mountain
Slide 9Northern Urals
Slide 10Middle Urals
Slide 11Middle Urals Chusovaya River
Slide 12The Chusovaya River, a left tributary of the Kama, originates in the Middle Urals and crosses it from southeast to northwest. The length of the river is about 600 km. Rocks up to 100 m high give this river its harsh beauty. The banks of Chusovaya with numerous cliffs and caves are a kind of chronicle of the Urals. The caves contain traces of the sacrifices of ancient hunters. According to legend, the squad of the legendary conqueror of the Kuchum kingdom spent the winter in the cave of the Ermak Stone.

Slide 14Southern Ural
Slide 15 Mountain of small boobies Palkinsky stone tents. Devil's Settlement How could such landforms be formed?
Slide 16 Mineral resources of the Urals Western slope Main ridge Eastern slope Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous and volcanic Salts Coal Limestone Sandstone Gneiss Quartzite Mica Rock Crystal Dragots. stones Crystal schists Iron ore Platinum Gold Silver Copper Bauxite Minerals
Slide 17Natural uniqueness of the Urals
Slide 18Ilmen Mineralogical Reserve
Slide 19 “Mineralogical Paradise” The Ilmen State Reserve is located in the Southern Urals in the Ilmen Mountains. The reserve was created in 1920 thanks to the efforts of academician A.E. Fersman. Minerals and rocks are protected here: precious and semi-precious stones. There are more than 200 minerals in the reserve. There are some rare ones that have not yet been found in any mountains in the world.
Slide 20 “The Edge of Gems” amethyst amazonite rock crystal corundum
Slide 21mica topaz malachite topaz
Slide 22rock crystal Chalcedony rhodonite aventurine Emerald crystals Precious stones and semi-precious stones
Slide 23Turquoise Alexandrite Sapphire Ruby Diamond Precious stones and gems
Slide 24 The ornamental stones of the Urals are distinguished by their extraordinary beauty of colors: jasper, marble, variegated coils. But especially prized are: green patterned malachite and pink eagle.
Slide 25Modern products with sapphires

Slide 27 “Underground Kingdom”
Slide 28Kungur Ice Cave One of the largest caves in Russia. Located near Kungur on the right bank of the Sylva River. The ice mountain is composed of soluble water rocks: limestone, gypsum, dolomite, anhydride. The Kungur cave is the result of the dissolution of rocks (karst) by water. The cave consists of grottoes located on four tiers. The length of 58 grottoes and passages is about 5 km
Slide 29Environmental problems of the Urals
Slide 30 The Urals have been being developed for a long time. This is a large industrial region of Russia. There are especially many cities in the Middle and Southern Urals. Often the distance between cities is 5 – 10 km. In the cities of the Urals there are “dirty” industries: metallurgical and chemical plants. In cities, there is high air smoke (smog, acid rain), heavy metals accumulate in the soil, and rivers and lakes are polluted by industrial wastewater. Deforestation and mining (quarries, dumps) have worsened the quality of the landscapes of the Urals. Valuable coniferous trees are destroyed. In the Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions, radioactive contamination is the result of nuclear weapons testing.
Slide 31 Leaders in the list of the most unfavorable cities for living in Russia Ekaterinburg N. Tagil Chelyabinsk
Slide 32The most polluted rivers of the Urals Iset Kosva Miass Pyshma
Slide 33Ufa Chusovaya Improvement measures ecological situation in the Urals: use waste-free technologies; construction of treatment facilities; reforestation; creation of nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries.

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Slide captions:

Mineral resources of the Urals Plaksina L. G. geography teacher, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 4, Karabash

The Taganay and Yurma ridges are composed mainly of quartzites. The Urals are a vast mountainous country stretching for almost two thousand kilometers. The Ural Mountains are the only ones on Earth that separate a whole continent to two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. Scientists say that today we see the remains of what were once the highest mountains on the planet. The sun, wind, water and ice destroyed these majestic mountains for millions of years. Everything that was once hidden at great depths is now practically on the surface. The mineral resources of the Urals are distinguished by their richness and diversity of species. Huge deposits of most metals, valuable deposits of precious stones and inexhaustible reserves of mineral raw materials are found here.

The natural resources of the Urals are very diverse and have a huge impact on its specialization and level of development. The Ural economic region has mineral resources, fuel, and non-metallic minerals. According to stocks of some species mineral resources(copper ores, asbestos, potassium salts) The Urals occupies a leading place in the world. Fersman called the Ilmen Mountains a mineralogical paradise. In 1920 they were declared a mineralogical reserve. Cuprite, Mednorudyanskoe deposit, Nizhny Tagil, Ural Beryl. Murzinka, Middle Urals

Deposits of iron ores and non-ferrous metal ores are concentrated mainly within the Ural Mountains. In the Urals, over 2 thousand deposits of iron ore occurrences are known, of which 75 are balance deposits, 29 are exploited. In terms of iron ore mining, the Urals are second only to the Central Chernozem economic region. Nevertheless, only 3/5 of the region's needs for iron ore are met through its own production. Currently, the development of low-grade ores of the Kachkanar and Bakal groups of deposits is underway, in which 3/4 of the reserves of the Ural iron ores are concentrated. Only due to the fact that the ores are multicomponent and also contain vanadium and titanium, their extraction is profitable. Pyrite, malachite are satellites of copper. Ilmenite is a mineral of iron and titanium. First found in the Ilmen Mountains

Refractory, construction, abrasive, molding and various other non-metallic minerals, many of which are absolutely necessary for the metallurgical and engineering industries, are available in huge quantities in the depths of the Chelyabinsk region. Clays and kaolins, limestones and dolomites, magnesite, marble, gypsum, roofing slates, tripoli and diatomites, talc and talc stone, quartz, graphite, corundum, garnet, barite, asbestos, kyanite, jasper, jades and a wide variety of construction, facing and ornamental stones form here the countless natural resources of the region and put it in this regard as one of the very first places in the world. Various granite – facing igneous rock

The Urals are distinguished by large reserves of various non-ferrous metal resources. These are copper ores (Krasnouralskaya, Karabashskaya, Kirovogradskaya, Gaiskoye, and other deposits), and zinc ores (mainly copper-zinc), and nickel ores (Verkhniy Ufaley, Orsk, Rezh). There are significant resources of aluminum raw materials (bauxite), concentrated in the North Ural bauxite basin (Krasnaya Shapochka, Severnaya, Sosvinskoye, etc. deposits). True, many bauxite deposits have already been depleted. The extraction of gold, precious and ornamental stones plays an important role. Smelting copper ore at the Karabashmed plant

The fuel resources of the Urals are represented by all main types: oil, natural gas, coal, oil shale, peat. Oil deposits are concentrated mainly in Bashkortostan, the Perm and Orenburg regions and in Udmurtia, natural gas - in the Orenburg gas condensate field, which is the largest in the European part of the country.

The Urals have large resources of potassium and table salts. One of the largest salt-bearing basins is located here - Verkhnekamensky, its balance reserves in all categories amount to over 173 billion tons. It should also be noted that the Iletsk deposit of table salt in the Orenburg region. But in the Urals there are especially many varieties of silica Halite (table salt), crystals on gypsum.

Did you know that... silica compounds are the most common on Earth (jasper, quartz, agate, chalcedony, onyx, opal, quartzite and much more...)

Did you know that... chalcedony is the name given to variously colored varieties of cryptocrystalline quartz. Agates are differently colored zonal formations of chalcedony. Since ancient times, cameos and gems have been carved from multi-layered onyx (agate with alternating light and dark stripes).

The main industrial reserves of asbestos in the country are concentrated in the Urals: Bazhenovskoye (Sverdlovsk region) and Kiembaevskoye (Orenburg region) deposits. There are deposits of clays, sands, limestone, marbles, slates, etc. Prokhorovo - Balandinskoye marble deposit Quarry of construction slate-flagstone

Did you know that... It is in the Urals that there are deposits of precious stones. For example, the mineral emerald, a bright green variety of beryl?

The yellowish-green stone is chrysoberyl (true beryl). This stone helps in scientific research and in the study of philosophy. Beryl makes a person cheerful, cheerful and friendly. Brings success to the opposite sex. In ancient times, beryl was considered a purely feminine stone: it was used in the treatment of female diseases. Ancient sorcerers, with the help of chrysoberyl, learned to understand the language of animals and birds and read the future. Do you know that…

Emerald is deep green or the color of spring grass. The following beryls are distinguished: augustite - dark blue, aquamarine - colors sea wave, just beryl - colorless or very lightly colored samples; heliodor - yellow; Geschenite - apple green. There are several varieties of beryl:

1. Chalcedony is: a type of amethyst; igneous rock; cryptocrystalline type of silica 2. The structure of agate is characterized by: solidity; various spots; banding. 3. The Taganay Mountains are composed of: Marbles; quartzites; granites. 5 . Aquamarine has a color: sea green; carrot colors; seaweed colors. . 5. Emerald is: Noble turquoise; a bright green variety of beryl; blue sapphire 6. Fersman called a mineral paradise: Hermitage Museum Ilmen Mountains Lake Turgoyak 1 2 3 Choose the correct answer (if the color is red when clicked, then the answer is incorrect) 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3

http://riaural.ru/prirodnye-resursy-urala.html Website Natural resources Urals http://vasi.net/uploads/podbor/karabash/thumbs/ceh00000.jpg Copper smelting at the Karabash Copper plant http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-Be_el.htm Site about minerals (beryl ) http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-Be_7_6778_Fers.JPG Yellow beryl from the Middle Urals http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-Be_7_2172.JPG Beryl from Murzinka http://geo.web .ru/druza/m-Tucs07_786.JPG Emeralds http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-izum_28_Mu-08_279_Moi.jpg Many emeralds http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-Tucs07_1100117.JPG Multicolored varieties of beryl http://vestnik.rosneft.ru/img/cont/v66_19_1.jpg Oil in the palms http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-cuprit_NTg.JPG cuprite http://geo.web.ru/ druza/m-halit_gyps.JPG Halite http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-chalc_Kant_2_1.JPG Chalcedony tea leaves color http://gorod.tomsk.ru/uploads/41829/1257924600/1_1.jpg Cameo from onyx http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-agat_6U-2a.JPG Blue agate http://geo.web.ru/druza/m-ilmen_7_1753_Zr.JPG Ilmenite Slides 1,2, 5,8,11, partially 4 – photo by the author

Description of the presentation WEALTH OF THE STONE BELT MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE URAL Slides

MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE URAL Mineral resources of the Urals are truly the treasures of our entire country, because out of one hundred and five elements of the famous periodic table, about fifty are mined in the Urals. During Soviet times, the majority of all scientific and intelligence associations were located in this part of our country. This is due to the fact that the maximum amount of useful elements that are necessary for life is concentrated here. modern society and the country as a whole. Of all the minerals mined here, the most important are:

METAL MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE URAL (NON-FERROUS METALS ORES) The Middle Urals are rich in ores of non-ferrous, noble and rare metals. Copper pyrite ore deposits are located in Krasnouralsk, Kirovograd, and Degtyarsk. Copper ores formed during the introduction of granites are developed in Nizhny Tagil (Mednorudnyanskoye deposit), near Polevskoye (Gumeshevskoye deposit). Complex copper ores are mined in Verkhnyaya Pyshma. There are many deposits of rare metals in the Middle Urals: gold (Berezovskoye deposit, valleys of the Tura, Salda, Tagil rivers), platinum (valleys of the Lobva, Kosya, Tagil rivers). Platinum nuggets weighing more than 10 kg were found in the Urals. In Soviet times, aluminum ores - bauxite - were discovered in the Urals.

In our country, large platinum nuggets are found in the Urals. It was here that the largest platinum nuggets in the world were found. Unfortunately, the largest (weighing about 9.5 kg) did not survive (it was melted down), and the second largest - “Unique” (weighing 8.395 kg) is currently stored in the Kremlin Diamond Fund. 1 gram of platinum = 1881, 14 rubles. Platinum

GOLD In Russia, the most famous gold nuggets were found in the Urals. The largest gold nugget found in Russia is “ Big triangle" - found near the city of Miass in 1842. This famous nugget weighed about 36 kilograms. Gold (Au) = 2,301.46 rubles. /g Dollar ($) - 60.16 rubles. The Sverdlovsk region contains 47.6% of the total gold reserves in the Ural Federal District, including 63.5% in primary deposits, 23.4% in complex deposits, 75.8% in placers. The total gold production in the Sverdlovsk region is about 11 tons of gold annually (including 8.3 tons from its own deposits and placers).

SILVER As such, there is almost no silver ore in the Urals. So, how is silver mined in those deposits? The bulk of this noble metal is produced from pyrite ore. It also contains: indium, zinc, gallium, cadmium, scandium, germanium, as well as noble metals: gold and silver. Determining the content of elements in sulfide ore is possible only after processing. And identifying silver ore deposits is as easy as cleaning silver with ammonia: a swab dipped in this substance will make the noble element shine. Uzelginskoe (Chelyabinsk region) Copper pyrite - 46.1 t per year 1 gram = 32.7 rubles

URAL EMERALD Each emerald mining deposit is unique, which is primarily due to different geological processes of formation. The Mariinsky deposit is the only one in Russia; Ural emeralds are considered one of the best in the world.

ALEXANDRITE Perhaps the rarest gemstone. Alexandrite is a type of mineral chrysoberyl, the stone has unique property change its color depending on the wavelength (lighting); the color can be bluish-green or crimson-red. Ural alexandrites are still considered the best in the world due to the unsurpassed property of pleochroism (color change); not a single gemstone can boast of such a wonderful property. The first alexandrite in the Urals was found in 1834; this mineral was named in honor of Emperor Alexander II. Chrysoberyl, which does not have pleochroism (color change effect), cannot be classified as alexandrite. Ural alexandrites are rare. The price of alexandrites on the world market can reach fabulous figures of up to 100 thousand dollars or more per 1 carat.

AMETHYST Amethyst. The Ural gem, according to experts, has no rivals on the international market. Amethysts from other deposits, when changing to artificial lighting, lose their play, beauty and richness of tone, while the precious stones of the Urals retain their shine, and stones discovered near Sanarka or Murzinka light up with red reflections.

DEMANTOID Demantoid. Large deposits have been developed only in the Middle Urals. The Karkodinskoe deposit is the largest supplier of the mineral to the world market. Demantoid is a gemstone that is one of the varieties of garnet. In nature, there are specimens of honey, golden yellow, swamp and emerald green shades. Thanks to its beautiful play of light, it is compared to diamonds. Even the name “demantoid” itself comes from the German “diamant” - “diamond” and the ancient Greek “eidos” - appearance, appearance, similar. That is, literally “diamond” is translated as “diamond-like.” 1 carat = 3100 dollars Weight: 2.92 carats