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History is a powerful factor in the education of conscious patriotism.

To belittle your history and forget it means to spit on the graves of your ancestors who fought for their native land...

V. Pikul

Kulikovo Field, Poltava Field, Borodino - covered with the glory of Russian weapons, which gave birth to freedom and power of our country. All of them have become majestic memorials to history.

At all times, the Russian people came out as a single friendly family to expel the greedy conquerors who came to our land, and were staunch defenders of their native home - the Russian land.

The development and formation of the Russian Armed Forces is inextricably linked with the history of the Russian state.

For many years, the Russian people constantly had to wage armed struggle, defending their lands from foreign invaders. In the period from the XIV to the XVII centuries. There is practically not a single year of peace when the borders of the Russian state would be calm and there would be no need to repel the enemy. Therefore, the state was in constant readiness for war, and its structure met this requirement

“Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword.

This is where the Russian land stood and will stand.”

Alexander Nevskiy

HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Lesson plan:

Organization of the armed forces of the Moscow state in the XIV-XV centuries.
Military reform of Ivan the Terrible in the middle of the 16th century.
Military reform of Peter I in the first quarter of the 18th century, the creation of a regular army and navy.
Military reforms of 1860-1870 under the leadership of Minister of War D.Yu. Milyutin, their features.
Military reforms of 1905-912 and their features.

Working with a table

Working on definitions

MILITARY REFORM OF IVAN THE TERRIBLE

1550 – 1571 G.G.

The origins of the military organization in our Fatherland go back to the reign of Ivan III the Great (1462-1505), who began the massive distribution of land plots and estates to the servants of the princely court, as well as free people, subject to their service, that is, marked the beginning of the formation serviceman nobility.

The efforts of Ivan III to create a strong military organization of the Russian state were continued by Ivan IV, who created one of the largest armies in Europe - 250-300 thousand people (about 3% of the population of Rus').

In the period from 1550 to 1571. Ivan the Terrible carried out military reforms, which began with a decree of October 3, 1550 on the division of lands around Moscow by 1000 landowners who occupied key command positions in the army.

Main content:

creation of the Streltsy army.

Local army(noble cavalry, which formed the main branch of the Russian army in the 15th-17th centuries) had the character of a militia.

Organizationally, it was divided into hundreds. All owners of estates and estates fit for service, according to the Code of Service of 1556, went on a campaign with their horses, supplies and weapons and fielded 1 armed warrior for every 50 acres of land that belonged to them. Reorganized by Peter I in 1701 into regular regiments of dragoons.

Streletsky army- the first standing army in the Russian state of the mid-16th - early 18th centuries. It was staffed by the free urban and rural non-taxable (tax-free) population, was armed with arquebuses and reeds, and was governed by governors. Organizationally, it consisted of “devices” (detachments), then orders (500-1000 people each), and from 1681 - regiments, and was under the jurisdiction of the Streletsky Order.

In the 80s of the 17th century it was reorganized in the image of the “new order” regiments. Disbanded by decree of Peter I at the beginning of the 18th century.

1ST QUARTER

The regular Russian army was created under Peter I at the beginning of the 18th century. Its creation was facilitated by the defeat of Russian troops in 1700 near Narva in a battle with the Swedish army. Streltsy regiments and noble cavalry showed their complete helplessness. The Russian army lost more than 6 thousand people and all artillery near Narva.

Peter I introduced a new army recruitment system. It began to be carried out on the principle of recruitment, when 10-20 peasant households, by lot, supplied one person for lifelong military service. The introduction of conscription allowed Peter I to significantly increase the number of standing troops. The officer corps of the Russian army consisted of nobles; for them, public service was mandatory and lifelong. To receive an officer rank, a nobleman had to serve as a soldier in the Guards regiments - Preobrazhensky or Semenovsky.

In terms of organization, armament, and combat training, the reforms of Peter I brought the Russian army to one of the first places in Europe.

Main content:

introduction of recruitment;
creation of a regular army;
military training;
creation of the Russian fleet.

MILITARY REFORM

1860-70'S

Transformation in the Russian armed forces under the leadership of Minister of War D. A. Milyutin. They had the goal of creating a mass army and eliminating the military backwardness of Russia, revealed in the Crimean War of 1853-56.

In 1874, a new Charter on military service was approved.

From that time on, army recruitment was abolished in Russia and universal military service was introduced, which extended to the male population of all classes and estates who had reached the age of 21. The total service life was set at 15 years: 6 years of which were spent in active military service, and 9 years in reserve. Particular attention was paid to improving the professional training of officers. Literacy among soldiers was recognized as essential, so teaching them to read and write became mandatory.

Main content:

professional training;
literacy training for soldiers;
rearmament of the army.

D. A. Milyutin recalled:

“My most notorious enemies had to admit that never before had the Russian army arrived at the theater of war so well prepared and equipped.”

Military-judicial reforms of 1860-1870 contributed to the strengthening of the Russian army.

MILITARY REFORM

1905-1912'S

After the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, the government of Nicholas II took measures to revive the combat power of the Russian armed forces. This was forced by the difficult international situation.

The First World War was approaching, which began on July 19, 1914. Germany declared war on Russia, and after it, France. Within days of this, the main European states entered the war. The First World War became another heroic and at the same time tragic page for the history of Russia and its armed forces.

Main content:

service life has been reduced;

Year of reforms	Head of ongoing reforms
	Ivan groznyj	recruitment of local troops; centralized control and supply of the army; creation of the Streltsy army.
		introduction of recruitment; creation of a regular army; military training; creation of the Russian fleet.
	YES. Milyutin	creation of a mobilization reserve for the duration of the war; professional training; literacy training for soldiers; rearmament of the army.
	Nicholas II	the centralization of military command has been strengthened; service life has been reduced; new educational programs for schools have been adopted; new types of artillery pieces; improvement of material supply.

Working with a table

Definition	Correct answer
A nobleman obliged to perform military service for life was called...	SERVANT
Auxiliary units consisting of peasants who were poorly armed and unsuitable for combat were called...	MILITA
Infantry armed with arquebuses and reeds	SAGITTARIUS
An armed army consisting of noble cavalry was called ... army	LOCAL
A regiment of soldiers consisting of Russian people, in which the officers were foreigners in Russian service, was called a regiment ... formation
A man from a peasant household sent for lifelong military service was subjected to... recruitment	RECRUIT

Definitions. Right answers

Check yourself!

	noble formations regular army streltsy
	Ivan III Peter I Ivan the Terrible Pavel I
	Ivan the Terrible Peter 1 Catherine II Ivan III
	Defeat in the Crimean War Civil Wars Victory in the Russian-Turkish War Russo-Japanese War
	1918 1904 1874

Right answers

The basis of the armed forces of the Moscow state in the 16th century were:	noble formations regular army archers cavalry
The first permanent units of the Streltsy were formed during:	Ivan III Peter I Ivan the Terrible Pavel I
The first regular army was created under:	Ivan the Terrible Peter 1 Catherine II Ivan III
The main reason for the military reform carried out in the 60-70s. XIX century:	Defeat in the Crimean War Civil Wars Victory in the Russian-Turkish War Russo-Japanese War
Date of introduction of universal military service in Russia:	1918 1904 1874

Over the past 3,400 years, there have been only 250 years of peaceful life on earth. During this time, 15,000 wars occurred. Unfortunately, this situation does not change at the present stage. Humanity still resolves controversial issues using force and is in no hurry to disarm. Therefore, our state needs the army. But what it will be like depends, among other things, on you and me.

MAIN REFORM OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY FROM 1550 TO 1918 Purpose: To form an idea of the content of military reforms in Russia in the period from 1550 to 1918. History is a powerful factor in the education of conscious patriotism. To belittle your history, to forget it, means to spit on the graves of your ancestors who fought for their native land... V. Pikul

1. Work on definitions Add sentences: A nobleman obliged to perform military service for life was called ________________. Auxiliary units consisting of peasants who were poorly armed and unsuitable for combat were called ______________. Infantry armed with axes and guns - ___________. An armed army consisting of noble cavalry was called __________________ army. A regiment of soldiers consisting of Russian people, in which the officers were foreigners in Russian service, was called a regiment of _______________ formation. A man from a peasant household sent for lifelong military service was subjected to ____________________ recruitment.

Evaluation paper. Last name First name of the student Working on definitions Working with the table Test Final grade for the lesson Note on working with definitions When working with definitions, you need to complete the missing word. Score “5” - all missing words are filled in without errors. For a “4” rating, 1-2 errors were made. For a rating of “3” - 3 errors were made. Note on working with the table When working in pairs with the table, you need to record the year of implementation, the leader of the reforms, and the main content of the reforms. For a rating of “5” - filling out the table coincides with the example of filling out the table in the correct version. Score “4” - filling out a table with one incorrect entry of information. Score "3" - with two incorrect information filled in. Note on working with the test Tests are performed in independent work. During which you need to choose the correct answer to the question. After solving the test, the work is checked against the answers. For a rating of “5”, the test solution coincides with the answers to the tests. For a rating of “4” - 1-2 errors were made during the solution. For a rating of “3” - 3-4 errors were made during the solution.

Correct answer: 1. A nobleman obliged to perform military service for life was called a SERVANT. 2. Auxiliary units consisting of peasants who were poorly armed and unsuitable for combat operations were called MILITARY. 3. Infantry armed with axes and guns - SAGITTARIUS. 4. The armed army consisting of noble cavalry was called the LOCAL army. 5. A regiment of soldiers consisting of Russian people, in which the officers were foreigners in Russian service, was called a regiment of the NEW system. 6. A man from a peasant household sent for lifelong military service was subjected to RECRUITMENT.

The main reformers of the Russian army

The correct option to fill out the table is the year of the reforms. The leader of the reforms being carried out. The main content of the reforms Ivan the Terrible 1 recruitment of local troops; centralized control and supply of the army; creation of the Streltsy army Peter I 4 introduction of recruitment; creation of a regular army; military training; creation of the Russian fleet D.A. Milyutin 2 creation of a mobilization reserve for the duration of the war; professional training; literacy training for soldiers; rearmament of the army Nicholas II 5 increased centralization of military control; service life has been reduced; new educational programs for schools have been adopted; new types of artillery pieces; improvement of material supplies V.I. Lenin (Ulyanov) 3 military ranks abolished; unity of command was abolished; selection of commanders at general meetings; formation of an army on a voluntary basis.

Correct answer I) The basis of the armed forces of the Moscow state in the 16th century were: 1) noble formations + 2) regular army 3) archers + 4) cavalry 5) artillery II) The first permanent units of the archers were formed under: 1) Ivan III 2) Peter I 3) Ivan the Terrible + 4) Paul I 5) V.I. Lenin (Ulyanov) III) The first regular army was created under: 1) Ivan the Terrible 2) Peter 1+ 3) V.I. Lenin 4) Catherine II 5) Ivan III IV) The main reason for the military reform carried out in the 1920s. XIX century: 1) Defeat in the Crimean War + 2) Civil wars 3) Peasant unrest 4) Victory in the Russian-Turkish War 5) Russian-Japanese War V) Date of introduction of universal conscription in Russia: 1) 1918 2) 1904 3) 1776 g 4) 1874 g + 5) 1550 g

O military service.

WITH At this time in Russia, recruitment into the army was canceled and introduced

universal conscription, which extended to the male population of all classes and estates who had reached the age of 21. The total service life was set at 15 years: 6 years of which were spent in active military service, and 9 years in reserve. Particular attention was paid to improving the professional training of officers. Literacy among soldiers was recognized as essential, so teaching them to read and write became mandatory.

Main content:

Replacement of conscription with all-class military service, creation of an exchange reserve stock, formation of a military district control system (15 districts);

Identification of the new “Regulations on field command and control of troops

V wartime,” rearmament of the army with rifled small arms and artillery;

Reorganization of combat training of troops (development and introduction

V troops with new military regulations), as well as the officer training system (replacement of cadet corps with military gymnasiums, establishment of military and cadet schools);

Permanent military courts (regimental, military district and main) were established.

D. A. Milyutin recalled: “My most notorious enemies had to admit that never before had the Russian army come to the theater of war so well prepared and equipped.” Military-judicial reforms of 1860-1870 contributed to the strengthening of the Russian army.