The problem of the poem in Rus' is to live well. Who can live well in Rus' is a problem. The history of the poem
Introduction
“The people are liberated, but are the people happy?” Nekrasov asked this question, formulated in the poem “Elegy,” more than once. In his final work, “Who Lives Well in Rus',” the problem of happiness becomes the fundamental problem on which the plot of the poem is based.
Seven men from different villages (the names of these villages - Gorelovo, Neelovo, etc. make it clear to the reader that they have never seen happiness in them) set off on a journey in search of happiness. The plot of searching for something in itself is very common and is often found in fairy tales, as well as in hagiographic literature, where a long and dangerous journey to the Holy Land was often described. As a result of such a search, the hero acquires a very valuable thing (remember the fairy-tale I-don’t-know-what), or, in the case of pilgrims, grace. What will the wanderers find from Nekrasov’s poem? As you know, their search for happiness will not be crowned with success - either because the author did not have time to finish his poem, or because, due to their spiritual immaturity, they are still not ready to see a truly happy person. To answer this question, let’s look at how the problem of happiness is transformed in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
Evolution of the concept of “happiness” in the minds of the main characters
“Peace, wealth, honor” - this formula of happiness, derived at the beginning of the poem by the priest, exhaustively describes the understanding of happiness not only for the priest. It conveys the original, superficial view of the happiness of wanderers. Peasants who have lived in poverty for many years cannot imagine happiness that is not supported by material wealth and universal respect. They form a list of possible lucky ones according to their ideas: priest, boyar, landowner, official, minister and tsar. And, although Nekrasov did not have time to realize all his plans in the poem - the chapter where the wanderers would reach the tsar remained unwritten, but already two from this list - the priest and the landowner, were enough for the men to be disappointed in their initial view for luck.
The stories of the priest and the landowner, met by wanderers on the road, are quite similar to each other. Both sound sadness about the past happy, satisfying times, when power and prosperity themselves fell into their hands. Now, as shown in the poem, the landowners were taken away everything that made up their usual way of life: land, obedient slaves, and in return they were given an unclear and even frightening covenant to work. And so the happiness that seemed unshakable disappeared like smoke, leaving only regrets in its place: “... the landowner began to cry.”
After listening to these stories, the men abandon their original plan - they begin to understand that real happiness lies in something else. On their way they come across a peasant fair - a place where many peasants gather. The men decide to look for the happy one among them. The problematic of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” changes - it becomes important for wanderers to find not just an abstract happy person, but a happy one among the common people.
But none of the recipes for happiness proposed by people at the fair - neither the fabulous turnip harvest, nor the opportunity to eat enough bread, nor magical power, nor even a miraculous accident that allowed us to stay alive - convinces our wanderers. They develop an understanding that happiness cannot depend on material things and the simple preservation of life. This is confirmed by the life story of Ermil Girin, told there at the fair. Yermil always tried to act truthfully, and in any position - burgomaster, scribe, and then miller - he enjoyed the love of the people. To some extent, he serves as a harbinger of another hero, Grisha Dobrosklonov, who also devoted his whole life to serving the people. But what kind of gratitude was there for Yermil’s actions? They shouldn’t consider him happy, they tell the men, Yermil is in prison because he stood up for the peasants during the riot...
The image of happiness as freedom in the poem
A simple peasant woman, Matryona Timofeevna, offers wanderers a look at the problem of happiness from the other side. Having told them the story of her life, full of hardships and troubles - only then was she happy, as a child she lived with her parents - she adds:
"The keys to women's happiness,
From our free will,
Abandoned, lost..."
Happiness is compared to a thing unattainable for a long time for peasants - free will, i.e. freedom. Matryona obeyed all her life: to her husband, his unkind family, the evil will of the landowners who killed her eldest son and wanted to flog the younger one, injustice, because of which her husband was taken into the army. She receives some kind of joy in life only when she decides to rebel against this injustice and goes to ask for her husband. This is when Matryona finds peace of mind:
"Okay, easy,
Clear in my heart"
And this definition of happiness as freedom, apparently, is to the liking of the men, because already in the next chapter they indicate the goal of their journey as follows:
“We are looking, Uncle Vlas,
Unflogged province,
Ungutted parish,
Izbytkova village"
It is clear that here the first place is no longer given to “excess” - wealth, but to “purity”, a sign of freedom. The men realized that they would have wealth after they had the opportunity to manage their own lives. And here Nekrasov raises another important moral problem - the problem of servility in the minds of Russian people. Indeed, at the time of the creation of the poem, the peasants already had freedom - the decree on the abolition of serfdom. But they have yet to learn to live as free people. It is not for nothing that in the chapter “The Last One” many of the Vakhlachans so easily agree to play the role of imaginary serfs - this role is profitable, and, what is there to hide, habitual, not forcing one to think about the future. Freedom of speech has already been obtained, but the men still stand in front of the landowner, taking off their hats, and he graciously allows them to sit down (chapter “Landowner”). The author shows how dangerous such pretense is - Agap, supposedly flogged to please the old prince, actually dies in the morning, unable to bear the shame:
“The man is raw, special,
The head is unbowed”...
Conclusion
So, as we see, in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” the problems are quite complex and detailed and cannot be reduced in the end to simply finding a happy person. The main problem of the poem is precisely that, as the wandering of the men shows, the people are not yet ready to become happy, they do not see the right path. The consciousness of wanderers gradually changes, and they become able to discern the essence of happiness beyond its earthly components, but every person has to go through this path. Therefore, instead of the lucky one, at the end of the poem the figure of the people's intercessor, Grisha Dobrosklonov, appears. He himself is not from the peasant class, but from the clergy, which is why he so clearly sees the intangible component of happiness: a free, educated Rus' that has recovered from centuries of slavery. Grisha is unlikely to be happy on his own: fate is preparing for him “consumption and Siberia.” But he embodies in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” the people's happiness, which is yet to come. Along with the voice of Grisha, singing joyful songs about free Rus', one can hear the convinced voice of Nekrasov himself: when the peasants are freed not only verbally, but also internally, then each individual person will be happy.
The given thoughts about happiness in Nekrasov’s poem will be useful to 10th grade students when preparing an essay on the topic “The problem of happiness in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”.”
Work test
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is one of the greatest Russian poets. The main theme of his works is the hard life of the common Russian people, peasants. In his poems and poems, he describes the heavy burden of serfs. The poet worries about their fate and with all his heart wants to make it easier. Nikolai Alekseevich is trying to convey this idea to other people with the help of his works.
The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is also dedicated to the theme of the peasantry, it raises the topic of people’s happiness.
In the poem, Nekrasov paints a portrait of a poor, dark, downtrodden Rus'. The abolition of serfdom did not change the situation in the country; corruption among high officials, drunkenness among peasants and other vices still flourish. To make the description colorful, the author uses many descriptive names of villages and surnames. The villages are called “Zaplatovo”, “Dyryavino”, “Razutovo” and so on, which once again emphasizes the destruction of the country. The main characters of the poem set off on a journey through impoverished and downtrodden Rus', trying to find a happy person.
Using the example of Matryona Timofeevna, the author examines the life of peasant women of that time. For her, happiness is a close-knit family and voluntary marriage for love. But from early childhood she had to share the difficult fate of Russian peasants. She did not marry for love, tragically lost her child and was worried about long separations from her husband, who went to work. In Matryona Timofeevna, the author reflected all the problems and difficulties in the life of ordinary women of that time. Being the weakest and most unprotected layer of the population, even among peasants, they could not always cope with the hardships of life. And even the abolition of serfdom had almost no effect on their situation.
Another significant image in the poem is Ermil Girin. For him, happiness is honor and respect gained by intelligence and kindness. He runs a mill where he works honestly, never deceiving anyone. Also, being a literate person, he taught people writing. Thanks to his kindness, honesty and sincerity, Girin won the trust of people, he is respected and appreciated.
Fortunately, there are two possible roads. One of them is the path of personal enrichment. Nobles and officials follow this path to happiness. For them, wealth and power are the most important things in life. But I believe that this path cannot lead to true happiness, since it cannot be built on selfishness. Grigory Dobrosklonov chose a different path for himself - the path of intercession. He understands that this is a difficult, but beautiful and correct path, and this path will definitely lead him to happiness.
Nekrasov is the greatest Russian poet, singer of the people. When you read his beautiful poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” you get the feeling that these are the peasants themselves talking about their problems, experiences and thoughts. The author very accurately described the state of the people during the period of the abolition of serfdom and the concept of happiness for this people. For each of them it is different, and they are slowly moving towards their own happiness.
Updated: 2017-03-15
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After the reform of 1861, many were concerned with such questions as whether the life of the people had changed for the better, had they become happy? The answer to these questions was Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Nekrasov devoted 14 years of his life to this poem; he began work on it in 1863, but it was interrupted by his death.
The main problem of the poem is the problem of happiness, and Nekrasov saw its solution in the revolutionary struggle.
After the abolition of serfdom, many seekers of national happiness appeared. One of these are the seven wanderers. They left the villages: Zaplatova, Dyryavina, Razutova, Znobishina, Gorelova, Neelova, Neurozhaika in search of the Happy Man. Each of them knows that none of the common people can be happy. And what kind of happiness does a simple man have? BQ. T okay priest, landowner or prince. But for these people, happiness lies in living well, and not caring about others.
The priest sees his happiness in wealth, peace, honor. He claims that it is in vain that wanderers consider him happy; he has neither wealth, nor peace, nor honor:
Go where you are called! ...
Laws formerly strict
They softened towards the schismatics.
And with them the priest
The income has come.
The landowner sees his happiness in unlimited power over the peasant. Utyatin is happy that everyone obeys him. None of them cares about the people's happiness; they regret that they now have less elasticity over the peasant than before.
For the common people, happiness lies in having a fruitful year, so that everyone is healthy and well-fed; they don’t even think about wealth. The soldier considers himself lucky because he was in twenty battles and survived. The old woman is happy in her own way: she gave birth to up to a thousand turnips on a small ridge. For a Belarusian peasant, happiness is in a piece of bread:
Gubonin has his fill
They give you rye bread,
I'm chewing - I won't get chewed!
The wanderers listen to these peasants with bitterness, but mercilessly drive away their beloved slave, Prince Peremetyev, who is happy because he is suffering from a “noble disease” - gout, happy because:
With the best French truffle
I licked the plates
Foreign drinks
I drank from the glasses...
After listening to everyone, they decided that it was in vain that they had spilled the vodka. Happiness is a man's:
Leaky with patches,
Humpbacked with calluses...
Men's happiness consists of misfortunes, and they boast about it. Among the people there are people like Ermil Girin. His happiness lies in helping the people. In his entire life, he never took an extra penny from a man. He is respected and loved by ordinary men for his honesty, kindness, and for the fact that he is not indifferent to a man’s grief. Grandfather Savely is happy that he has retained human dignity, Ermil Girin and grandfather Savely are worthy of respect.
In my opinion, happiness is when you are ready to do anything for the happiness of others. This is how the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov appears in the poem, for whom the happiness of the people is his own happiness:
I don't need any silver
Neither. gold, God willing,
So that my fellow countrymen
And every peasant
Life was free and fun
All over holy Rus'!
Love for his poor, sick mother grows in Grisha's soul into love for his Motherland - Russia. At the age of fifteen, he decided for himself what he would do all his life, for whom he would live, what he would achieve.
In his poem, Nekrasov showed that the people are still far from happiness, but there are people who will always strive for it and achieve it, since their happiness is happiness for everyone.
SEARCH FOR HAPPINESS (Based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”)
Happiness is a multifaceted concept that does not lend itself to any formulation. It is individual for everyone, just like love, and everyone perceives it in their own way.
Happiness can be small and large, fleeting and lifelong. Every day, hour, minute, a person can experience a tiny bit of happiness.
From time immemorial, people have been looking for a stable definition of happiness that is suitable for every person. People have always wanted to know the answers to all questions, they wanted to define everything, even if in their hearts they understood that this could not be done. Maybe this is their tragedy, or maybe not, because curiosity often yielded positive results.
Many sages struggled with such concepts as happiness and love; writers, poets and just ordinary people, but the result was this: how many people - so many definitions.
But man, with his insatiable curiosity, was not satisfied with this arrangement of things: since it is impossible to give a definition, then it is necessary to find happiness or a happy person.
This search continues to this day and will continue.
We find confirmation of this in literature and life. Writers and poets can be called the most restless in search of happiness, unearthly love, and the meaning of life.
In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” Nekrasov touched on the topic of happiness. And again the main characters, men, were faced with the multi-determinacy of happiness. No matter who they meet: be it a peasant or a serf, a priest or a landowner, a man or a woman, each of the heroes has their own happiness.
The author shows us two types of happiness: peasant and lordly. A man's happiness is “holey with patches, hunchbacked with calluses.” We are convinced of this from the stories of the heroes of the chapter “Happy”; a soldier's happiness lies in
What's in twenty battles
I was, not killed!
....................................
Me even in times of peace
I walked neither full nor hungry,
But he didn’t give in to death!
For offenses
Great and small
I was beaten mercilessly with sticks,
Just touch it - it's alive!
For another, it’s that he’s strong from birth (“he waved his hammer like a feather”).
And lordly happiness is radically different from peasant happiness: for landowners, merchants, nobles - people of high society - happiness consists of honor, wealth, peace.
And the main characters seem to be Standing at the Crossroads, not knowing what definition of happiness is the most accurate and important. And to some extent, it outweighs the lordly, because for them, who have lived their whole lives in poverty, who have known hunger, happiness is primarily the material side. They may not fully realize that a person can be happy regardless of whether he is poor or rich.
Very often there is no need to go anywhere to find happiness, because a person is able to create it himself, for example by doing a good deed. After all, happiness, in my opinion, is first of all a state of mind, therefore a kind, sympathetic person is always happier than an evil, selfish person.
And yet people will look for happiness, for themselves or for others, it doesn’t matter, because if you feel happy at least once, you want these happy minutes or hours to never end.
The problem of happiness in N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”
N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is a work that embodies the primordial, “eternal” features of the Russian national character and touches on acute social problems that arose in Russia [before] after the abolition of serfdom. It is not by chance that the poet turns to this topic; he is very concerned about the fate of the country.
The problem of happiness is central to the poem. The author is extremely concerned about the following philosophical question: “The people are free, but are the people happy?” The heroes of the work, seven men, are trying to find the answer: “Who lives happily and freely in Rus'?” To understand who is truly happy, one should turn to the criteria of happiness, which are stated almost at the very beginning in the chapter “Pop”: “Peace, wealth, honor.” However, by analyzing the poem, one can expand their list and confirm the main idea that true happiness lies in serving the people. This idea is embodied in the image of Grigory Dobrosklonov.
Thus, the problem of well-being criteria is solved in the episode of the meeting of the men with the priest. However, Luke’s opinion, which is that the happiest person is a worshiper, is refuted, since the priest has no peace, no honor, no wealth.
The priest claims that there used to be profit from the landowners, but now he can only live on the funds of the poor peasants. There is also no honor for him. At the same time, the hero cannot live in peace, since the “arrival” of the priests is “big”: “sick, dying, born into the world.” [It is important to say that] It is hard for the hero to see the suffering of the people; he cannot be happy when other people around him are unhappy.
In addition, [from the point of view of ideological content] the characters assumed that the landowner was also happy, but turning to his image, one can note that he lacks honor. The reform of 1861 made life more difficult for Obolt-Obolduev. Now he has no power over the peasants, who were the main component of his well-being and a means of lordly tyranny (“Whoever I want, I will have mercy, whoever I want, I will execute”). From all this it follows that the landowner is unhappy, since he has no one to manage, he has to do everything himself, while he cannot even distinguish a “rye ear” from a “barley one.”
At the same time, wanderers are interested in finding a happy person from the common people. At the village fair they offer food and vodka to those who are truly happy. However, there were no such people. Not a single person fits the criteria provided by the men earlier: either their happiness is fleeting, or according to the principle “it could be worse.” So, the old woman considers herself happy because of a good turnip harvest, to which the wanderers tell her: “Drink at home, old woman, eat that turnip!” Also the hunter, who is glad that his comrades were killed by bears, but only his cheekbone was broken. All this, on the contrary, confirms the bad life of the Russian people, for whom any luck or everyday pettiness is already happiness.
Among other things, the heroes learn about Yermil Girin, who is famous for respect among the peasants. He represents the type of “people's defender”, as a result of which at first he is considered one of the lucky ones. However, afterwards the characters learn that Yermila is in prison, which destroys the idea of him as a lucky man.
Meanwhile, the men meet a woman, Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, whom the people themselves also consider happy. The heroine has both “honor”, “wealth”, and “honor”:
Not a woman! Kinder
And smoother - there is no woman.
However, Matryona Timofeevna herself recognizes only one moment of happiness in her life, when her future husband persuaded her to marry him:
While we were bargaining,
It must be so I think
Then there was happiness...
And hardly ever again!
It follows from this that a woman’s joy is associated with the anticipation of love, because after marriage her life turns into endless reproaches from her mother-in-law and father-in-law, and hard work. She, like all other serf women, suffers humiliation and neglect from her husband’s family, which is considered typical among peasants, and the heroine also faces many difficulties in life. It is no coincidence that Matryona sums up her entire story, which is general in nature:
The keys to women's happiness,
From our free will
Abandoned, lost
From God himself!
Thus, it turns out that respect, prosperity and peace are not enough to be happy.
Then let's look at another character who belongs to the type of a truly happy person, Grigory Dobrosklonov. The hero represents the people's interests; in his song he raises the topic of the future of Russia:
The army rises -
Uncountable,
The strength in her will affect
Indestructible!
The character represents the spiritual line of happiness, the essence of which is completely different from the ideas of men. The “great truth” expressed in Grisha Dobrosklonov’s song gives him such joy that he runs home, feeling “immense strength” within himself. The hero chooses the path of serving the people. His path will not be easy, but this constitutes happiness for the soul of the “people's defender,” which lies not in his own well-being, but in unity with the entire people. From the point of view of composition and ideological content, it is this idea that is key in the work.
Thus, in N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” there is no clear answer to the question of who is happy in the country, however, the author shows [, ] how men move from earthly ideas about happiness to the understanding that happiness - a spiritual category and to achieve it, changes are necessary not only in the social, but also in the spiritual structure of every peasant.
The problem of national happiness in Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
Well, it will be up to you!
Hey, man's happiness!
Leaky with patches
Humpbacked with calluses
N. A. Nekrasov
“Who Lives Well in Rus'” was supposed to be the crown of Nekrasov’s creativity, the crown
dedicated to the people. This truly “people's book” depicts life in an extremely broad way
of the Russian people, surveys their development problems from a great height, expresses their aspirations and
dreams, thoughts and feelings. This is epic. This exceptional people, however, are very
characteristic of Nekrasov, reflects the life of a Russian from all possible points, sides, angles
peasantry. Indeed, to cite single facts, to look at everything from only one
There is nothing complicated about the angle. It is much more problematic to try to unite
seemingly unrelated to each other, disparate elements to create a single, not
losing its versatility and universality of structure. This is N. A. Nekrasov
already managed to do it even in an unfinished poem. He presents to the reader everything that
constitutes the life of each individual Citizen: victories and defeats, joys and hardships,
daily work and short-term rest, the pursuit of happiness, freedom and their methods
achievements. Completeness and truthfulness, complexity of form and ease of understanding are the core
canons of the poem by Nekrasov the singer. He wanted to show the peasants in
comparison with priests, landowners, boyars, and the tsar. The second part of the plan for known reasons
did not have time to be recorded. But even without her, Nikolai Alekseevich confirmed his
commitment to the popular theme, proved that he writes about the people and for them. Catch his pain
compassion, melancholy, contrition, and at the same time pride, faith, will: he is a true singer of the people.
“In what year - calculate, in what land - guess”... By calculations and checking your
We won’t engage in luck: everything is, without a doubt, clear. Let's go further. Seven Wanderers
from the Terpigoreva district, Pustoporozhnaya volost, from the villages of Gorelov, Dyryavina, Zaplatov,
Znobishina, Neelova, Razutova, tormented by the question “Who lives well in Rus'?”, argue and decide
not to return home until they find an answer to such a serious question. "Mine
brother, peasant bast worker, artisans, beggars, soldiers, coachmen" - "small people", they
restless truth-seekers do not ask in search of truth that has not yet appeared on the horizon:
“Soldiers shave with awls, soldiers warm themselves with smoke, what happiness is there?” Peasant reform from
ruined, exhausted by hunger and backbreaking physical labor, abuse from
landowners, peasants; should have entailed a qualitative improvement in their lives. Must
was there, but didn’t do it; hope has not been transformed into a desired fact. Those who did not have land
the peasants were doomed to even greater “slavery”; they had to come to terms with their
the hardest lot (of the earth or an unhappy lot?). Only the existing ones have partially changed
faces: “Now, instead of the master, the volost will do the fighting.” The poet openly without hints and omissions
declares rural poverty, general drunkenness among the embittered and tired of work
peasants, their illiteracy and clumsiness, baseness of views (“When a man is not Blucher and not
my foolish lord - will Belinsky and Gogol be carried away from the market?") They come to Nekrasov’s aid
"talking" geographical names; the people themselves, openly expressing their life
hopelessness (“The light is dark, there is no bread, there is no shelter, there is no death”):
There are gentle hills
With fields, with hayfields,
And more often with an inconvenient
Abandoned land;
There are old villages,
There are new villages,
By the rivers, by the ponds...
"Hey, is there a happy one somewhere?" A skinny, fired sexton responds to the call of wanderers,
a one-eyed old woman, a soldier with medals, an Olonchan stonemason, a yard man,
Belarusian peasant, “cloudy” man. In order to drink wine for free, they sin
truly human qualities, not disdaining their trivial and extremely base ones,
statements about happiness that are true for them and essentially false. Do you feel the fullness?
happiness, “warming your braid in the sun”? Does life's happiness lie in huge turnips?
physical strength, satiety? And finally, the “yard man” happily shouts: “At the first boyar I
was a beloved slave. I licked the plates with the best French truffle," - this is what was lowered to
“absolute zero”, simplified happiness that does not have a hint of it. But is there still
among the peasants there are people who, despite everything, have preserved their original human dignity, honor,
kindness, generosity? Optimism: loading... Answer: "Yes!"
In the part “Peasant Woman” Nekrasov introduces us to the first, by and large, female image,
associated with ideas about the mother, the Motherland. Matryona Timofeevna - generous, sincere,
strong-willed, loving, persistent, hard-working woman. Her whole being, despite the lack of bread,
recruiting, the death of his son, his share as a peasant, he sings with immense faith in the bright, great
the future of the people. “I was lucky in the girls: we had a good, non-drinking family,” begins
happiness." And here's what she says about probably the happiest day of her life, when she
was returning home with her husband and son Lioduroshka, who had been saved from service:
Okay, light
In God's peace!
Okay, easy
Clear in my heart.
We're going, we're going -
Let's stop
To forests, meadows,
Let's admire it.
It was in Matryona Timofeevna that the potential power of the people became widespread.
His simplicity, spiritual purity, confidence in his own victory. "The keys to women's happiness,
abandoned by our free will, lost to God himself"…
What place does happiness occupy in the life of Bosogo village resident Yakima Nagogo?
Spontaneity, a sense of self-righteousness, dignity; wilfulness, exceptional
The integrity and sincerity of this little man cannot but arouse sympathy among readers. That's just...
“We drink a lot in time, but we work more,” he immediately interrupts us, with half a glance
labor; in the pleasure received from looking at pictures; and, of course, in wine (in vino veritas,
isn’t it?), from a glass of which “the kind peasant soul laughed.”
One of the fighters for people's happiness is “just a man” Ermil Girin. The court decided
sell his mill. During the auction with the merchant Altynnikov, they gave him
he needed 1000 rubles, which (what’s surprising here?) he didn’t have. He went to
market square and asked people to help him out. Helping the already poor peasants
tells his comrade about their love and respect for Ermila for his literacy, intelligence, justice and
kindness. While still working as a clerk for the estate manager, “he will give advice and make inquiries; where
enough strength - he will help out, he will not ask for gratitude." When the prince died, each patrimony had to
elect your headman. He unanimously chose Yermil. Working as a headman, he is for deliverance
from the recruitment of his younger brother Mitri, he appointed Vlasyevna’s son instead of him out of turn. This
The mistake, combined with his conscience, almost led Girin to suicide. "He had everything
what is needed for happiness: peace, money, and honor, enviable, true honor, not
bought neither by money nor by fear: by strict truth, intelligence and kindness!" exclaims the priest. But not
this is happiness for Ermila Ilyich. For him it lies in something else: following himself; readiness for
struggle, rebellion for freedom, happiness of the Russian people.
Savely the hero - Matryona Timofeevna's grandfather, huge, overgrown, bear-like
man. In the person of this brave and rebellious hero, Nekrasov testifies to the emergence
a new rebellious force, ready to actually fight against slavery; about awakening self-awareness
peasants For spontaneously organized death punishment of his manager Christian
Khristyanovich Vogel, he was in hard labor for twenty years, and in a settlement for twenty years. His
happiness is resistance to serfdom, rejection of humility and patience,
a heroic way out to fight for the peasant’s fate.
“In the middle of the world, there are two paths for a free heart.” The choice is one of the most difficult
life moments. An error in choice will lead to failure to achieve the fullness of human existence -
happiness, disappointment, defeat. The correct choice ensures finding yourself, success -
The main thing is not to deviate from the chosen path. Chooses the path with least resistance
the majority are a silent, nameless, weak-willed crowd. This path is wide, it captivates
wanderers with its lightness, there is a place for every... slave. This road does not ask travelers
questions about “a sincere life, about a lofty goal.” Those who follow this path need more
space: they are passionate about momentary values: wealth, rank, respect from others
colleagues. This road attracts with its initial brightness, which then gives way to everyday life.
dullness and death.
“Weigh the proud strength, weigh the firm will!” By the age of fifteen, Grisha Dobrosklonov,
the son of a farm laborer and a sexton, he firmly determined his path. "Grisha was lured by a narrow, winding
path." He chose an honest, and therefore thorny, path, supported by faith in life
motherland, the unshakability of their moral convictions. Gregory is confident that
national happiness is achievable only through all-encompassing active expression
disagreement, struggle.
In every character, action, image, word, Nekrasov emphasizes the imminent disappearance
existing system. All landowners and “round” gentlemen are the last ones. Their time is about to strike.
They end the centuries-long oppression of the common people, many of them
whose peasant fate is considered hopeless. But still a significant superiority
have those who, inspired “in the work of a saved free heart,” are ready for effective
protest. The seemingly endless tolerance of the peasants came to an end, the end came and
serfdom. It's only begining…
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