Complex sentences? It's simple! Types of subordinate clauses in adjectives Complex adjectives

A sentence is a syntactic unit characterized by semantic and grammatical completeness. One of its main features is the presence of predicative parts. According to the number of grammatical bases, all sentences are classified as simple or complex. Both perform their main function in speech - communicative.

Types of complex sentences in Russian

A complex sentence consists of two or more simple sentences connected to each other using conjunctions or just intonation. At the same time, its predicative parts retain their structure, but lose their semantic and intonational completeness. Methods and means of communication determine the types of complex sentences. A table with examples allows you to identify the main differences between them.

Compound Sentences

Their predicative parts are independent in relation to each other and equal in meaning. They can be easily divided into simple ones and rearranged. Coordinating conjunctions, which are divided into three groups, act as a means of communication. Based on them, the following types of complex sentences with coordinating connections are distinguished.

With connecting conjunctions: AND, ALSO, YES (=AND), ALSO, NEITHER...NOR, NOT ONLY...BUT AND, AS...SO AND, YES AND. In this case, parts of compound conjunctions will be located in different simple sentences.

The whole city was already asleep, I Same went home. Soon Anton Not only I re-read all the books in my home library, but also turned to his comrades.

A feature of complex sentences is that the events described in different predicative parts can occur simultaneously ( AND thunder roared And the sun was breaking through the clouds), sequentially ( The train rumbled And a dump truck rushed after him) or one follows from the other ( It's already completely dark, And it was necessary to disperse).

With adversative conjunctions: BUT, A, HOWEVER, YES (= BUT), THEN, THE SAME. These types of complex sentences are characterized by the establishment of opposition relations ( Grandfather seemed to understand everything, But Grigory had to convince him of the need for the trip for a long time) or comparisons ( Some were fussing in the kitchen, A others started cleaning the garden) between its parts.
With disjunctive conjunctions: EITHER, OR, NOT THAT...NOT THAT, THAT...THAT, EITHER...EITHER. The first two conjunctions can be single or repeating. It was time to get to work, or he would be fired. Possible relationships between parts: mutual exclusion ( Either Pal Palych really had a headache, either he just got bored), alternation ( All day long That the blues took hold, That suddenly there was an inexplicable attack of fun).

Considering the types of complex sentences with a coordinating connection, it should be noted that the connecting conjunctions ALSO, ALSO and the adversative SAME are always located after the first word of the second part.

Main types of complex sentences with subordinating connections

The presence of a main and dependent (subordinate) part is their main quality. The means of communication are subordinating conjunctions or allied words: adverbs and relative pronouns. The main difficulty in distinguishing them is that some of them are homonymous. In such cases, a hint will help: an allied word, unlike a conjunction, is always a member of a sentence. Here are examples of such homoforms. I knew for sure What(union word, you can ask a question) look for me. Tanya completely forgot What(union) the meeting was scheduled for the morning.

Another feature of NGN is the location of its predicative parts. The location of the subordinate clause is not clearly defined. It can stand before, after or in the middle of the main part.

Types of subordinate clauses in SPP

It is traditional to correlate dependent parts with members of a sentence. Based on this, there are three main groups into which such complex sentences are divided. Examples are presented in the table.

Subordinate clause type		Question	Means of communication	Example
Definitive			Which, which, whose, when, what, where, etc.	There was a house near the mountain, a roof whom* I'm already pretty thin.*
Explanatory		Cases	What (s. and s.w.), how (s. and s.w.), so that, as if, as if, or... or, who, like, etc.	Mikhail didn't understand How* solve the problem of.*
Circumstantial		When? How long?	When, while, how, barely, while, since, etc.	The boy waited until Bye* the sun hasn't set at all.*
		Where? Where? Where?	Where, where, where	Izmestiev put the papers there, Where* no one could find them.*
		Why? From what?	Because, since, for, due to the fact that, etc.	The driver stopped for* the horses suddenly began to snort.*
	Consequences	What follows from this?		By morning it cleared up So the detachment moved on.
		Under what conditions?	If, when (= if), if, once, in case	If the daughter did not call for a week, the mother involuntarily began to worry.
		For what? For what purpose?	In order to, in order to, in order to, in order to, if only,	Frolov was ready for anything to get this place.
		Despite what? In spite of what?	Although, despite the fact that, even if, for nothing, whoever, etc.	Overall the evening was a success Although* and there were minor shortcomings in its organization.*
	Comparisons	How? Like what?	As if, exactly, as if, just as, as if, just as, as if,	Snowflakes flew down in large, frequent flakes, as if* someone poured them out of a bag.*
	Measures and degrees	To what extent?	What, in order, how, as if, as if, how much, how much	There was such silence What* I felt somehow uneasy.*
	Connection		what (in the oblique case), why, why, why = the pronoun this	There was still no car, from what* The anxiety only grew.*

SPP with several subordinate clauses

Sometimes a complex sentence may contain two or more dependent parts that relate to each other in different ways.

Depending on this, the following methods of connecting simple ones into complex sentences are distinguished (examples help to build a diagram of the described structures).

With consistent submission. The next subordinate clause depends directly on the previous one. It seemed to me, What this day will never end, because There were more and more problems.
With parallel homogeneous subordination. Both (all) subordinate clauses depend on one word (the entire part) and belong to the same type. This construction resembles a sentence with homogeneous members. There can be coordinating conjunctions between subordinate clauses. It soon became clear What it was all just a bluff So what no major decisions were made.
With parallel heterogeneous subordination. Dependents are of different types and refer to different words (the entire part). Garden, which sowed in May, already produced the first harvest, That's why life became easier.

Non-union complex sentence

The main difference is that the parts are connected only in meaning and intonation. Therefore, the relationships developing between them come to the fore. They are the ones who influence the placement of punctuation marks: commas, dashes, colons, semicolons.

Types of non-union complex sentences

The parts are equal, the order of their arrangement is free. Tall trees grew to the left of the road , to the right stretched a shallow ravine.
The parts are unequal, the second:

reveals the contents of the 1st ( These sounds caused concern: (= namely) in the corner someone was rustling persistently);
complements the 1st ( I peered into the distance: someone’s figure appeared there);
indicates the reason ( Sveta laughed: (= because) the neighbor’s face was smeared with dirt).

3. Contrasting relationships between parts. This manifests itself in the following:

the first indicates a time or condition ( I'm five minutes late - there is no one anymore);
in the second unexpected result ( Fedor just got up to speed - the opponent immediately remained behind); opposition ( The pain becomes unbearable - you be patient); comparison ( Looks from under his brows - Elena will immediately burn with fire).

JV with different types of communications

Often there are constructions that contain three or more predicative parts. Accordingly, between them there can be coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, allied words or only punctuation marks (intonation and semantic relations). These are complex sentences (examples are widely presented in fiction) with various types of connections. Mikhail has long wanted to change his life, But Something was constantly stopping him; As a result, the routine bogged him down more and more every day.

The diagram will help to summarize information on the topic “Types of complex sentences”:

1. Complex sentences(SPP) are sentences that have a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are subordinate to the main clause and answer the questions of the members of the sentence.

before the main clause:

Since Nonna refused Andrey, the old man has been officially dry with Nonna(Panova).

(Since), .

Subordinate clauses can stand after the main clause:

What leads through the grove(Goncharov).

, (What)

Subordinate clauses can stand in the middle of the main clause:

And in the evening, when all the cats were gray, the prince went to breathe clean air(Leskov).

[ , (When), ]

2. Subordinate clauses may refer to one word in the main or to the whole main sentence.

One word in the main clause the following types of subordinate clauses include:

subject clauses;
predicate (according to another classification, subject and predicate clauses are classified as pronominal clauses);
definitive;
additional (according to another classification - explanatory);
mode of action and degree.

To the whole main offer The following types of clauses usually include:

clauses, time, cause, effect, comparison, purpose, condition, concession (that is, adverbial types of clauses, except clauses of manner and degree).

Adverbial clauses, except for clauses of manner and degree, as a rule, refer to the entire main clause, but the question for them is usually asked from the predicate.

The typology of subordinate clauses is given according to the textbook: Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language: Theory. 5-9 grades: Textbook. for general education institutions.

3. The means of connecting subordinate and main clauses are:

in a subordinate clause- subordinating conjunctions ( what, so, for, while, when, how, if etc.) or allied words ( which, which, who, what, how, where, where, from, when and etc.);
in the main clause- demonstrative words ( that, such, there, there, because, because etc.).

Unions and allied words are the main means of communication in a complex sentence.

There may or may not be demonstrative words in the main clause.

Conjunctions and allied words usually appear at the beginning of a subordinate clause and serve as an indicator of the boundary between the main and subordinate clauses.

Exception constitutes a conjunction-particle whether, which is in the middle of the subordinate clause. Pay attention to this!

Distinguishing between conjunctions and allied words

Unions	Conjunctive words
1. They are not members of a sentence, for example: He said his sister wouldn't be back for dinner.(which is a conjunction, is not a member of the sentence).	1. They are members of a subordinate clause, for example: She didn't take her eyes off the road What leads through the grove(the conjunctive word that is the subject).
2. Often (but not always!) the conjunction can be removed from the subordinate clause, cf.: He said his sister wouldn't be back for dinner. - He said: my sister won’t be back for dinner.	2. Since the conjunctive word is a member of a subordinate clause, it cannot be removed without changing the meaning, for example: She didn't take her eyes off the road What leads through the grove; impossible: She didn't take her eyes off the road, leading through the grove.
3. Logical stress cannot fall on the conjunction.	3. Logical stress may fall on a conjunctive word, for example: I know what he will do tomorrow.
4. After the union it is impossible to put particles of the same, namely.	4. After the conjunctive word you can put the same particles, namely, cf.: I know what he will do tomorrow; I know exactly what he will do tomorrow.
5. The conjunction cannot be replaced by a demonstrative pronoun or a pronominal adverb.	5. The conjunctive word can be replaced by a demonstrative pronoun or a pronominal adverb, cf.: I know what he will do tomorrow. - I know: he will do this tomorrow; I know where he was yesterday. - I know: he was there yesterday.

Note!

1) What, how, when can be both conjunctions and allied words. Therefore, when parsing complex sentences with these words, you need to be especially careful. In addition to the above methods of distinguishing between conjunctions and allied words, the following should be taken into account.

When is union in subordinate tense ( My father died when I was sixteen years old. Leskov) and in the subordinate clause ( When you need the devil, go to hell! Gogol).

When is union word in the additional clause ( I know, When he will return) and in the attributive clause ( That day, When ; when in a attributive clause one can replace the main conjunctive word for this clause which, cf.: That day, in which we met for the first time, I will never forget).

How is union in all adverbial clauses, except for clauses of manner of action and degree (cf.: Serve me as you served him(Pushkin) - comparative clause; Just as the soul is black, you can’t wash it off with soap.(proverb) - subordinate clause; can be replaced: if the soul is black. - Do it like this How you were taught- subordinate clause of manner of action and degree).

Pay special attention to additional clauses: how and what in them can be both conjunctions and allied words.

Wed: He said he'd be back for dinner (What- union). - I know, What he will do tomorrow (What- allied word); I heard a child crying behind the wall (How- union). - I know, How she loves her son (How- conjunction word).

In an additional clause, how can one replace the conjunction with the conjunction that, cf.: I heard a child crying behind the wall. - I heard that a child was crying behind the wall.

2) What is union in two cases:

A) as part of a double union than... that:

b) in subordinate clauses of complex sentences that have an adjective, comparative adverb or words in the main part different, different, otherwise.

He turned out to be tougher than we thought; Rather than consider the godmother to work, isn’t it better to turn to yourself, godfather?(Krylov).

3) Where, where, from, who, why, why, how much, which, which, whose- allied words and cannot be conjunctions.

I know where he's hiding; I know where he will go; I know who did it; I know why he did it; I know why he said it; I know how long it took him to renovate the apartment; I know what our holiday will be like; I know whose briefcase this is.

When parsing a subordinate clause as a simple one, the following mistake is very often made: the meaning of the subordinate clause is transferred to the meaning of the allied word. To avoid such a mistake, try replacing the conjunctive word with the corresponding demonstrative word and determine which part of the sentence this word is.

Wed: I know where he's hiding. - There he is hiding.

Conjunctive words which, which, whose in a attributive clause, it can be replaced by the noun to which this clause refers.

Wed: Tell me that fairy tale that mom loved(Hermann). - Mom loved fairy tales; Stuart Yakovlevich is a manager like no other in the world. - Such a manager and not in the world.

The opposite error is also possible: the meaning of the conjunctive word is transferred to the meaning of the subordinate word. To avoid mistakes, put the question from the main clause to the subordinate clause.

I know(What?), When he will return; I know(What?), Where he was- additional clauses; He's back in town(to which city?), Where spent his youth; That day(what day?), When we met, I will never forget- subordinate clauses.

In addition, in the attributive clause, conjunctive words where, where, where, when can be replaced by the allied word which.

Wed: He returned to the city Where spent his youth. - He returned to the city, in which spent his youth; That day, When we met, I won't forget. - That day, in which we met, I won't forget.

4. Demonstrative words are found in the main clause and usually answer the same questions and have the same syntactic meaning as subordinate clauses. The main function of demonstrative words is to be a harbinger of a subordinate clause. Therefore, in most cases, the demonstrative word can tell you what type of subordinate clause it is:

He returned to That city, Where spent his youth (That- definition; attributive clause); He stayed with that to prove your innocence (with that- circumstance of the goal; clause of purpose); Read so that no one saw the note (So- circumstance of the manner of action, measure and degree; subordinate clause of manner of action and degree).

Way of expressing demonstrative words

Discharge	List of words	Examples
1. Demonstrative pronouns and pronominal adverbs	That, this, such, there, there, from there, then, so, so, so much, because, because and etc.	So this is the gift that he promised to give her in ten years(Paustovsky). Read it so no one can see(Leskov). There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth(L. Tolstoy).
2. Determinative pronouns and pronominal adverbs	All, all, every, every, everywhere, everywhere, always and etc.	I remember the whole day that we spent in Zagorsk minute by minute(Fedoseev). Everywhere we have been, we see traces of desolation(Soloukhin).
3. Negative pronouns and pronominal adverbs	Nobody, nothing, nowhere, never and etc.	I don't know anyone who could replace the old count(Leskov).
4. Indefinite pronouns and pronominal adverbs	Someone, something, somewhere, sometime and etc.	For some reason that we had no idea about, everyone in the house spoke in whispers and walked barely audible(Leskov).
5. Nouns and whole combinations of nouns with demonstrative pronouns	Provided (that, if, when), at the time (when, how), in that case (when, if), for that reason (that), for the purpose (that), to such an extent (that)	And this succeeds if he himself treats words with care and in an unusual way(Marshak). I decided to have lunch alone for the reason that lunch fell on Butler's watch(Green).

Complex sentences - complex sentences consisting of two parts that are unequal to each other.

Simple sentences in complex sentences are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions and allied words.

Subordinating conjunctions and words are used with certain clauses.

There are several types of clauses.

Subordinate clause.

The question is asked from a noun

Which? Which? Whose?

The subordinate clause is attached to the main one using allied words WHAT, WHERE, WHERE, WHICH, WHICH.

There can be demonstrative words next to the noun THE ONE WHAT. They specify the noun they define.

The place of the subordinate clause is unchanged; it is located after the main one.

Close in meaning to subordinate attributives are pronominal attributives. To main clauses they refer to pronouns WHO, EVERYONE, EVERYONE, EVERYTHING.

A pronominal attribute can come before the main thing, that is, change its place in the sentence.

Egorushka, suffocating from the heat, which was especially felt now, ran to the sedge. The heat (what kind?), which was especially felt now.

Explanatory clause

Answers questions about indirect cases (all except I.p.)

The question is asked in the main clause of a verb with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling.

These verbs can be replaced by nouns (thought, message, conversation), adjectives (satisfied, glad, known).

Subordinate clauses are attached to the main one using conjunctions WHAT IT'S LIKE and allied words WHO WHAT.

Adverbial clauses.

Types of adverbial clauses	Conjunctions and allied words
Mode of action and degrees	How, how much, how much, what, so that, as if, etc.	The student did everything So, How demanded the master.
	Where, where, where	Alexey crawled there, Where the plane left.
	When, while, barely, as soon as, since (since), until (until), etc.	When I got out of the thickets onto the meadow road, That I saw three girls far ahead.
	If, when, times, etc.	If If imagination disappears, then a person will cease to be a person.
	Because, because, due to the fact that, since, for, due to the fact that, etc.	The forest was quiet and silent, because the main singers flew away.
	In order to, in order to, etc.	Everyone was silent to hear the rustling of flowers.
Comparisons	How, with what, with what - as if, as if, exactly, etc.	The forest stands silently as if looking somewhere and waiting for something.
	Although, despite the fact that, no matter how, etc.	The night was quiet and bright, Although there was no moon.
Consequences		The rain poured down like buckets, So It was impossible to go out onto the porch.

Subordinate clause- a syntactically dependent predicative part of a complex sentence containing a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word.

For example: Vladimir saw with horror that he drove into an unfamiliar forest (Pushkin). Portray the feeling which I was experiencing at the time, very hard(Korolenko). Term used in educational practice "subordinate clause" usually replaced in theoretical works by the term “subordinate part”(accordingly, instead of “main sentence” - “main part”); This avoids the use of the same term “sentence” in relation to the whole and its individual parts, and also emphasizes the interconnectedness of the structural parts of a complex sentence.

Subordinate clause can be associated with a separate word (group of words) of the main sentence, performing the function of distributing or explaining these members.

For example: She dreams that she is walking through a snowy meadow(Pushkin) (the subordinate clause extends the predicate of the main sentence is dreaming). His nature was one of those who need an audience for a good deed.(L. Tolstoy) (the subordinate clause explains the group of words one of those).

In other cases, the subordinate clause correlates with the entire composition of the main clause.

For example: If grandfather left home, grandmother would arrange the most interesting meetings in the kitchen.(Gorky) (the subordinate clause refers to the main thing as a whole).

A subordinate clause can clarify a word in the main clause that is not a member of the sentence.

For example: Grow, a country where, by the will of a single people, all merged into one people!(Lebedev-Kumach) the subordinate clause refers to the address word country).

A subordinate clause can refer to two main clauses as a whole.

For example: It was already quite dawn and people began to rise when I returned to my room.(L. Tolstoy).

Classification of types of subordinate clauses

School textbooks present two types of classifications of subordinate clauses.

In the complexes of T.A. Ladyzhenskaya and M.M. Razumovsky subordinate clauses are divided into three groups: definitive , explanatory And circumstances ; the latter are divided into subgroups.

In the V.V. complex Babaytseva's subordinate clauses are divided into subject , predicates , definitive , additional And circumstances depending on which member of the sentence is replaced by a subordinate clause (to determine the type of subordinate clause, questions are asked to various members of the sentence).

Since the classification adopted in the complexes of T.A. is more common in the practice of school and pre-university teaching. Ladyzhenskaya and M.M. Razumovskaya, let’s turn to her.

Let's present information about the types of subordinate clauses in the form of a summary table.

Types of subordinate clauses

*1. Definitive* (including pronominal attributives)	Answer questions Which? whose? Who exactly? What exactly? and refer to a noun or pronoun in the main part; most often joined with the help of allied words which, which, whose, where etc. and unions what, to, as if and etc.	The native places where I grew up will forever remain in my heart; That, who does nothing, will achieve nothing; She looked with such a look that everyone was silent.
*2. Explanatory*	They answer questions about indirect cases and usually refer to the predicate in the main part; join through unions what, so, if, if, if etc. and allied words where, where, how many, which and etc.	I soon realized that I was lost; It seemed to him, as if everyone around him was happy about his happiness.
*3. Circumstantial:*
*mode of action, measure and degree*	Answer questions How? how? to what extent? in what degree? how much? and usually refer to one word in the main sentence; join through unions what, to, as if, exactly and allied words how, how much, how much.	We're so tired that we couldn't go further.
*time*	Answer questions When? From what time? until what time? how long? when, while, how, while, as, while, as long as, after, barely, since, only, slightly, before, as soon as, just, just, just, only, just a little, earlier than, before.	Until the rain stops, you will have to stay at home.
places	Answer questions Where? Where? where? and usually refer to the entire main clause; join with the help of allied words where, where, where.	For folklore practice they go to places where the folk traditions of song and tale are still alive.
*goals*	Answer questions For what? for what purpose? and usually refer to the entire main clause; join through unions so that, in order to, in order to, then that, in order, if only, yes, if only.	To avoid getting lost, we went out onto the path.
*causes*	Answer questions Why? from what? for what reason? and usually refer to the entire main clause; are joined with the help of conjunctions because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, because of the fact that, then that, since, for, good, since, in connection with the fact that, especially since .	Because the candle burned weakly, the room was almost dark.
conditions	Answer the question under what condition? and usually refer to the entire main clause; join through unions if, if, when, if, if, how, once, as soon, whether... whether.	If the weather does not improve within 24 hours, the trip will have to be postponed.
*concessions*	Answer questions no matter what? in spite of what? and usually refer to the entire main clause; join through unions although, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, let and combinations of pronominal words with a particle no matter how, no matter where, no matter how much, no matter where.	Even though it was already well after midnight b, the guests did not leave; No matter how you rot the tree, it keeps growing.
*comparisons*	Answer questions like what? like who? than what? than who? and usually refer to the entire main clause; join through unions as, just as, as if, as if, exactly, as if, as if, what.	Birch branches reach towards the sun, as if they were holding out their hands to him.
*consequences*	They answer questions about why what happened? what follows from this? and usually refer to the entire main clause; join by union So.	The summer was not very hot so the mushroom harvest should be good.

Subordinate clauses can be attached to the main clause using a particle whether, used in the meaning of a union.

For example: He didn't know if tomorrow would come. Union-particle whether can serve to convey an indirect question: They asked if we would go with them.

REMEMBER: The main thing for determining the type of subordinate clauses is the semantic question.

Conjunctions and allied words can add additional shades of meaning to a complex sentence.

For example: The village where Evgeniy was bored was a charming place. This complex sentence with attributive clause , having an additional spatial connotation of meaning.

In the Russian language, there is a group of complex sentences, the subordinate parts of which cannot be called either attributive, explanatory, or adverbial. This complex sentences with subordinate clauses .

Such clauses contain additional, incidental, additional message to the content of the main part of a complex sentence. In this sense, such subordinate clauses often approach in meaning to plug-in constructions.

The means of communication in them are allied words what, why, why, why, as a result of which and others, which seem to repeat in a generalized form the content of the main part.

For example: His enemies, his friends, which may be the same thing, he was honored this way and that.(A. Pushkin) The coachman decided to travel along the river, which was supposed to shorten the naked path by three miles. (A. Pushkin)
It is impossible to pose a question to connecting subordinate clauses, since in the main part of a complex sentence there is no word or phrase that would require the presence of a subordinate clause.

Algorithm for determining the type of subordinate clause

1. Determine the main part of a complex sentence.

2. Identify the supporting word in the main part (if there is one).

3. Ask a question from the main part to the subordinate clause:

b) from the predicate in the main part;

c) from a noun or pronoun in the main part;

d) it is impossible to ask a question to a subordinate clause (with adjectives and comparatives).

4. Indicate the means of communication in the subordinate part (conjunctions or allied words).

5. Name the type of subordinate clause.

The predicative parts of which are connected by a subordinating relationship. A complex sentence consists of two syntactically unequal parts: the main and subordinate parts.

The main part is basic and independent; it determines the syntactic position of the subordinate clause and the functional type of the entire complex structure as a whole. The subordinate part is subordinate to the main part and reflects the relationship of dependence of one situation on another (relations of condition, cause, effect and purpose, etc.)

To become a musician, you need skill(I. Krylov).

The subordinate clause in a complex sentence can:

distribute one word in the main clause: I don't know how I can forget you;
refer to the entire main clause: When I see illuminated snow, I immediately remember your name(E. Rein).

In this regard, all complex sentences are divided into sentences of an undivided structure ( proverbs) and sentences of dismembered structure ( ancillary). Parts of a complex sentence are combined using a subordinating conjunction, a conjunctive word (relative pronoun or pronominal adverb), and also using intonation.

The main part, as a rule, serves as a means of indicating the main situation, and the subordinate part describes the situation that motivates it in one way or another:

When there is bread, then there is measure, when there is money, then there is faith ( Proverb). When we crossed East Prussia, I saw columns of returning prisoners(Solzhenitsyn)

– the temporal conditionality of situations is established.

In complex sentences with explanatory-objective subordinate clauses, the main part, in addition to indicating the situation, can also evaluatively interpret the message in the subordinate clause:

It's good that the persistent rain has stopped.

Main types of complex sentences by meaning

In linguistics, there are several classifications of subordinate clauses, which differ slightly from each other. According to the traditional classification, subordinate clauses are of three types: defining, explanatory and adverbial. Their names are correlated with the secondary members of the sentence, and the types of subordinate clauses differ in meaning and the questions to which they answer.

The subordinate part of a complex sentence can reveal additional information about an object, phenomenon, person, indicate the conditions, goals or reasons for those events mentioned in the main part of the sentence. In this regard, three types of subordinate clauses are distinguished: explanatory, definitive And circumstances(place, time, purpose, cause, condition, concession, consequence, mode of action, measure and degree, comparison).

The fish made a slight noise on the surface of the water, which resembled the sound of a kiss.(I.S. Turgenev).

Subordinate adverbial clauses answer questions of circumstance, for example: HOW?, WHEN?, WHERE?, WHY? and others, for example:

It was already quite evening when we returned home(I.S. Turgenev).

Means of communication between the main and subordinate clauses:

Subordinating conjunctions.
Conjunctive words that are expressed by relative pronouns or pronominal adverbs and can be combined with supporting words: O n wrote about the Japanese attack on Anuchino, where the main partisan forces were concentrated (Fadeev).
Intonation.
Correlates– (demonstrative pronouns used in the main part and indicating its incompleteness: The same man with whom I was introduced yesterday at the theater approached me.
Supporting words are words in the main sentence that are extended by the subordinate part of the sentence: Confidence that he would not let me down gave me strength.
Order of predicative parts (fixed or non-fixed: I intended to go at dawn to the fortress gates, from where Marya Ivanovna was supposed to leave.(Pushkin) and I don’t understand how he could lie so calmly.
Paradigm– the relationship between the types of tense forms and modal plans of the predicates: When we arrived at the house, the lanterns were turned on ( succession relation) and When we walked in the garden, the moon was shining ( relations of simultaneity).