Sports intellectual games chess. Chess. History, development and stages of the party. Chess players of all countries, unite

Once upon a time, entire generations grew up listening to the clatter of dominoes in the yard. And boxes with chess, checkers and lotto took pride of place in almost every apartment. Today, computers and television have pushed board games into the background. But experts say: by erasing the passion for intellectual games from our lives, we are depriving ourselves of enormous opportunities. After all, board games are both therapy and the development of skills necessary for competent management of your life.

Chess. Gymnastics of the mind
A LOGICAL game that combines elements of art, science and sports. One of the oldest games on Earth. Chess promotes the development of mental abilities, memory, and creative thinking. They teach you to develop multi-move combinations in your mind.

Go. Craving for philosophy
More than 50 million people play GO. This game develops systematic thinking, the ability to think strategically and develop tactics. The game also inclines a person to philosophize. The point is that people who play Go deal with images. A blurry image of a pattern of stones formed on a board spins in a person’s head and mysteriously influences the fuzzy logic of decision-making. They say that this is why a computer is not yet able to beat a person at this game.

Checkers. Ways of thinking
LIKE chess, checkers reproduce the actions of the combatants certain rules strength The game develops combinatorics of thinking (the ability to think in sets of images).

Shogi (Japanese chess). Game of feelings
THEY SAY that in order to make the correct winning move in shogi, you need to feel it. Even in ancient times, shogi in Japan was recognized as a game that developed strategic and tactical military thinking. In Japan, this game has been elevated to the rank of shrines; in many schools it is included in the compulsory curriculum. And although few people in Ukraine have even heard of shogi, it was a Ukrainian who became the champion of Europe and the Open World Championship in 2008.

Domino. Let's understand the structure of the universe
THEY SAY that dominoes were originally intended exclusively for fortune telling and magical ceremonies. It is even suggested that the dominant system of the universe is encrypted in dominoes - the Universal Law of Harmony of the macro- and microcosmos. And even the newfound name of the game, “slaughtering a goat,” does not detract from its merits. Dominoes develop focus, concentration, logical thinking, ability to analyze a situation, attentiveness, observation and memory.

"Cash Flow" (CashFlow). Business game
"CASH FLOW" is a modern adult version of the well-known "Monopoly". A specially trained trainer can teach you how to play Cash-Flow. Supporters of the game claim that the money spent on training (about 100 UAH) will very soon pay off. After all, the game allows the player to analyze his life and financial mistakes, realize them, and then correct them in the real world.

Backgammon
THIS ancient eastern game had a special meaning for the Persians: it symbolized the movement of the stars and served as a subject for fortune telling. In addition, based on the results of the game, partners often resolved commercial disputes: the winner dictated his terms to the loser. This happened because, according to the Persians, only a person whom fate loves (sends a “good stone” - suitable numbers on the dice), who knows how to think logically and see through the enemy, foreseeing his possible moves and blocking their negative consequences, could win at backgammon.

Cards
EACH card game is a separate world. And almost every one is useful for something: preference and “fool” train the mind, the ability to calculate the situation in advance and memory, and such “children’s games” as “witch” and “hello, jack” can turn players into real psychologists who can concentrate as much as possible at the right moment.

BY THE WAY

Today, the Federation of Board Games of Ukraine is trying to restore its former glory to board games. And even dominance computer games does not scare federation activists. “Due to the intensive development of computer games, board games are now in a period of decline,” notes Denis Krasnokutsky, head of the department of public events at the Federation of Board Games of Ukraine. “But a person’s imagination will not allow this to happen; they will be able to be reborn.” We strive to expand people's understanding of board games With the help of special projects, we plan to open intellectual clubs in every school. And in the near future, going to a cafe or bar, over a cup of tea, every visitor will be able to have a good time with friends, playing their favorite board game. We can say that we are creating a new culture, where sociability, intelligence and other human qualities that can be demonstrated and improved while playing will again be welcomed.”

COMPETENTLY

Valery Aristov, President of the Foundation for the Development of Intellectual Abilities, "Galaktika" President of the Association of Intellectual Games, researcher at the Institute of Pedagogy of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, director of the author's school, academician of the European Academy natural sciences and the International Academy of Original Ideas:

“The one who looks at chess or checkers only as recreation and entertainment is mistaken. On the contrary, games should be perceived as a psychological model for the development of human intellectual abilities. And above all, as the development of attention, which is always at the epicenter of mental activity. Intellectual play creates cognitive therapy - managing emotions, developing imagination - the main component of creative thinking. In the gameplay model, in conditions of hidden delight or panic, the player involuntarily learns to manage his emotions. It is especially important that children are brought up at the table strong-willed qualities player, his tolerance is formed, processes are thought through that will later be useful in life situations. This is a planned formation of experience, or as it is now called – training.

In the process of playing, a personality is formed that learns to take risks and always, in constantly changing situations, strives to play its game without yielding to the enemy. Each time, overcoming psychological discomfort from the destructive influence of internal “brakes” - uncertainty, doubt, feelings of danger and fear - the player cultivates self-respect and pride. At the same time, the ability to doubt the obvious and, disregarding authorities in a particular field of activity, to look for alternative ways to solve a problem is cultivated. And what is especially important is that a culture of player behavior is fostered.

The good thing about an intellectual game is that most players, without even thinking about the consequences, develop not only memory, sustained attention, attentiveness, observation, imaginative, logical, creative and philosophical thinking, speed of thinking, thinking on , the ability to think for a partner, as well as patience, confidence, endurance (during psychological pressure, loss or win), perseverance, tolerance and other strong-willed and personal qualities. They help you communicate! Intellectual sports are needed no less, and maybe more, than physical ones. The development of the nation’s intellect and the well-being of the country depend on this.”

An invaluable advantage of chess is also the use of two types of memory simultaneously: long-term and operational. Human brain demonstrates while playing unique abilities to analyze digital and visual sources, as well as the perception of color in one moment. Practical skills have an effective effect on memory and other brain functions, increasing general level intelligence.

How to play this game:

Making decisions and making correct predictions when playing chess is extremely important. It is also necessary to predict the outcome of certain moves. All this requires skill from the player. You can train these qualities for a long time, which will lead to quick success due to the development of abilities.

Experts recommend teaching chess from childhood. Adoption independent decisions and playing out different situations on the board will have a beneficial effect on the formation of personality. Children overcome any difficulties with ease and excitement and learn from mistakes. They have a competitive spirit and are ready to gain experience in mastering certain techniques. By learning from every move, children learn to take advantage of mistakes. Rules of a chess game

The game of chess is not at all entertainment, as it might seem upon a superficial study of its rules. Understanding the principles of how pieces move on the board is not enough. It is necessary to possess certain abilities leading to success. It’s not for nothing that championships are regularly organized, even at the world level, among countries to determine the winner. You can become a good strategist only with constant practice. Training should be carried out constantly, this will help chess players acquire qualities such as patience, attention, tactical skills, and the ability to create many combinations in a limited time.

The rules are quite easy to understand. To do this, just read a book about the hobby. You can find any publication in libraries, stores or the Internet. Electronic chess boards are posted on the Internet, where you can also find an opponent - a robot. You can install the application on your PC, tablet or even phone. If a hobby turns into something more, then in cities you can always find a free place in a chess club. There, find friends with similar interests and get training from trainers together.

It is better to have someone who is good at chess teach a trial lesson. The moves must be made slowly, carefully considering the consequences of rearranging each piece on the board. The “Living Mentor” will suggest mistakes and tell you how to avoid them.

Your first impression of chess may seem wrong. Some will find them too complex and confusing, requiring a lot of time to prepare, while others will find them boring. The exercises must be repeated daily, only in this way the essence of the game becomes clear. Over time, players notice that they begin to think differently, analyze events, draw completely different conclusions, and the world for them begins to look, like the reasoning of their peers, differently.

Don't forget about an active lifestyle! There are not only benefits from chess, but also harm. It is due to the fact that it takes a lot of time to think through moves. All this time you need to remain motionless. This sport should be combined with outdoor activities, swimming, running, basketball, and football.

If you have not yet started playing chess, be sure to read Kasparov’s autobiography “Chess as a Model of Life.”

Slide 1


“Chess: is it a sport or an intellectual game?” State budgetary educational institution Secondary comprehensive school No. 949 of the Southern District Administration Research work on the topic: Author: student of 1st grade “b” Antonova Amalia Scientific supervisor: primary school teacher Galishnikova L.Yu.

Slide 2


In this game you need: to be able to think, to have perseverance, to be attentive. Checkmate Is the ruler (shah) dead? What is chess: a sport or an intellectual game? Objectives: study literature about chess; gather the opinions of the people around me: find out the history of chess; outline the basic rules of the game; find out all the chess champions. Introduction

Slide 3


In India there lived a merciless Raja. One of his subjects came up with a game where the king meant little without the support and protection of the pieces. The game turned out to be surprisingly interesting and the Raja offered the creator any reward. The subject wanted to receive a reward in grains of grain, but in such a way that for the first square of the chessboard he would be given one grain , for the second - two, for the third - four, then eight, sixteen, etc. However, it turned out that so many grains could not be found in the whole world. This is the number 18 446 744 073 709 551 615 The legend of the chess game

Slide 4


there were only 4 pieces; there were 4 players, not two (they played pairs); moves were made by throwing dice; To win the game it was necessary to destroy the entire enemy army. History of chess The game originated in India in the 6th century and was called chaturanga. Differences from modern chess:

Slide 5


History of the origin of chess In 550, in the Arab East, chaturanga began to be called: among the Arabs - “shatranj”, among the Persians - “shatrang”, among the Tajiks - “chess”. The rules of the game have changed: there are now two players; everyone received 2 sets of figures; instead of bones, they began to walk one turn at a time; victory began to be recorded by checkmate or stalemate. By the 15th century chess has acquired a modern look.

Slide 6


International Chess Federation (FIDE), Popularization of chess Organization of various international competitions Founded on July 20, 1924 in Paris Has its own flag and anthem, FIDE motto is “We are all one family” Goals of FIDE: This is an international sports organization that unites national chess federations

Slide 7


World chess champions: The first world chess champion was Wilhelm Steinitz Next:

Slide 8


Chessboard Each square has its own name. The squares are designated: horizontally in Latin letters from a to h, vertically in numbers from 1 to 8 from bottom to top.

Slide 9


Slide 10


The white pieces start the game. Moves are made alternately, 1 piece at a time. The moves of each piece are shown in the diagrams below. Each piece has its own rules of movement. Basic rules of the game: King move Queen move Knight move Bishop move Rook move

Slide 11


Basic rules of the game: If the king is in check and there are no more moves, it's checkmate. If a player has no move during his turn, but the king is not in check, it is a stalemate. Game outcome The game ends in a win or a draw.

Slide 12


All official games use time control. Time control has been used since the 19th century, using hourglasses. IN late XIX century, Wilson designed a mechanical chess clock (1883). Electronic chess clocks are increasingly being used these days. Mechanical watches Electronic watches Time control

Slide 13


Is chess a sport? Sport is, first of all, about overcoming oneself, achieving mastery, striving to become the first, to win the highest awards and titles. Chess develops memory, attention, ingenuity, imagination, develops will, character, and teaches independent work. A person who plays this game acquires valuable qualities

Slide 14


Is chess a sport? Chess has a system of regular tournaments with national and international leagues and chess congresses. Chess as a sport is recognized in 100 countries. In 1999, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) recognized chess as a sport, but did not include it in the Olympic program. FIDE holds its own Chess Olympiads.

Slide 15


Questionnaire

Slide 16


Many people are well aware of the history of chess and the rules of the game. They know the first and current world champion. Many people have someone in their family who plays chess. Many people know the famous chess players Kasparov and Karpov. On my main question: “Is chess a sport?” many answered yes, it is a sport. There was even an answer that this is a sport for the mind. Many people expressed a desire to learn to play chess. Survey results:

Slide 17


Conclusion: I learned: The rules of chess were not always the same as they are now... Chess is a constant struggle. You need to have nerves of iron to survive a loss. But you not only need to survive this loss, but also prepare yourself for the next fight.

Slide 18


Conclusion: My parents and older brother really support me in this game. My goal at the moment is to get 4th grade and get to the finals of the Moscow Championship among children under 8 years old. I was able to answer my main research question. I believe that chess is a sport with its ups and downs, victories and losses. After all, only the strongest win. I think:

View all slides

Many of us think of sport as hard physical activity with the achievement of certain results. Then it is logical to ask the question: “Why is chess a sport?”

Story

Currently, chess as a sport is approved in 100 countries around the world. In 1999, chess was recognized as a sport by the International Olympic Committee. And in 2018, this sports discipline will debut at the Winter Olympic Games.

Of course, this seems strange, but despite the fact that the game is exclusively intellectual, it requires enormous physical preparation. Otherwise, no matter how talented a chess player is, he will not be able to achieve success. The fact is that to win a standard tournament, a chess player will have to sit through several rounds in one position. At the same time, it is important to correctly distribute forces, both physical and psychological.

First reason

Well, now let's look in more detail at why chess is a sports game. Firstly, because it is focused on achieving results and self-improvement. Secondly, without training it is impossible to achieve emotional stability and self-control. Third, as in any sport, winning requires a tactical and strategic plan.

Very often, it is precisely because of poor physical preparation that a chess player who started the tournament with the best results loses by the middle of the match. By the way, when comparing chess and checkers, bewilderment arises: why is chess a sport, but checkers is not? The answer is simple: to play chess well requires a certain mentality that few people possess, and checkers is just a game that develops intelligence, but just a game! With a certain desire, almost anyone can learn to play checkers, but few can think to play chess!

And no matter how indignant many citizens may be, saying: “Why is chess a sport if it does not require physical activity?”, the experience of competitions proves the opposite. This is not just a game - it is a strategy, a duel with your opponent, regular training of soul and body and work for results. That's why chess is a sport!

The second reason

Another reason for recognizing chess as a sports discipline is the equal chance of winning, since players are provided with absolutely the same conditions and time to think about their moves.

The fact is that the main disagreement lies in the lack, as it seems to many, of constant physical activity and activity to achieve results in this sport. By the way, when the time control was 4 hours for each chess player during games, they lost up to 10 kg in weight. So say that there is no physical activity!

In order to understand why chess is a sport, try sitting near the board for several hours in a row and at the same time be in constant mental tension, thinking about every move and every action, yours and your opponent’s. However, keep in mind that every mistake can deprive you of all chances of winning.

How to become a chess player

In order to master this sport, you should start practicing from early childhood. Professional chess players train regularly, not only in solving chess problems, but also in improving their physical fitness.

Physical activity is needed both in order not to get tired during the tournament, and to relieve the enormous stress loads that a chess player is exposed to. Many famous grandmasters had dumbbells as a permanent attribute. Mental stability is one of the most important qualities for a professional grandmaster. You can lose only because you couldn’t cope with your emotions, and a real athlete cannot afford such luxury.

Conclusion

In conclusion, let us once again answer the question: “Why is chess a sport?” Because it is a struggle that requires enormous workload and constant striving to be the first and the best. This is not a game, but a competition in which it is difficult to become a winner if you are not properly configured, not prepared and do not do this constantly, devoting yourself entirely to preparing for the decisive battle.

The history of the popular game goes back about five thousand years, although a lot has changed during this time. However, the main thing remains unchanged: chess is a game for the elite. Not everyone can conquer this now sporting discipline. And most importantly: to win at chess, you must have willpower, which is inherent only to athletes, only to champions, otherwise you will not conquer this game of kings!

Research
student 2 "B" class MOU "Secondary School No. 46"
Leninsky district of Saratov
Volkov Mikhail
“Chess – an intellectual game or a sport?”
(Head: Victoria Borisovna Abdullina)
Table of contents.
Introduction page 3
Main part pp. 3 - 6
Conclusion page 6
List of sources and literature used page 7
Introduction.
Target. Determine whether chess is an intellectual game, or chess is a sport.
Tasks.1. Study the literature, select the necessary material.2. Analyze the research results, summarize them and answer the question “Is chess a sport or an intellectual game?”
Research methods:
survey
testing
data collection and analysis
selection of literature
Hypothesis. Chess is an intellectual game that does not require physical activity, so it has nothing to do with sports.
IN modern world More and more children, like me, are interested in physical sports and have completely forgotten that chess is also a sport, only a mental one. Learning to play chess from a very early age helps to expand the circle of communication, the possibility of self-expression, promotes the development of logic of thinking, concentration, and the development of will. I have enjoyed playing chess for a very long time. Previously, when I pestered all my relatives to play with me, I received answers that they did not know how to play. I kept saying that I would teach. And only when I went to the chess section, I realized that playing chess is not at all easy. Now I understand that I can’t do anything myself, and I’m ready to learn.
But while you play chess, you sit motionless, only thinking through moves, there is no physical activity. The question arises, what is chess - a game or a sport?
Main part
"People move them,
While the evenings pass,
People play chess -
Brilliant game!
Each of us has heard the word “chess” more than once. Some play this game at an amateur level, while others have already reached the heights of chess art. Some people find chess boring and uninteresting, while others cannot live a day without a chess game. One thing is for sure - those who beat their opponent at chess once will want to try again and again. Some people give up, while others hone their skills and gain experience in an interesting game.
Chess is one of the most ancient games. It has existed for many centuries, and it is not surprising that various legends are associated with it, the veracity of which, due to the length of time, cannot be verified.
When one Indian sultan saw chess for the first time in his life, he fell to his knees in front of it and began to bow. His servant, barely holding back his laughter, said: “Sire, these are not idols for prayer, but pieces that need to be placed on the board, and then, moving them, play.”
So simply it was possible to explain what chess was in the 5th-7th centuries in their homeland of India.
I want to tell you one of the legends associated with chess. To understand it, you don’t need to know how to play chess at all: it’s enough to know that the game takes place on a board divided into 64 squares (alternately black and white).
Legend.
There lived a merciless Raja in India. One of his subjects came up with a game where the king meant little without the support and protection of the pieces. The game turned out to be surprisingly interesting, and the Raja offered the creator any reward. The subject wanted to be rewarded with grains of grain, but in such a way that for the first square of the chessboard he would be given one grain, for the second - two, for the third - four, then eight, sixteen, etc. The Raja was offended and said that he was very rich, to reward the subject with something more worthwhile, but he only asks for grain. However, it turned out that so many grains could not be found all over the world. This is the number: 18,446,744,073,709,551,615!
Of course, over time the rules, types of boards and pieces changed. Yes, and chess was once called completely differently: chatrang, chaturanga, shatranj. But people have always and everywhere believed that chess has fabulous powers, that a great secret is hidden in it, and that with its help one can solve the most difficult issues and even make a choice between life and death.
In India, chatrang was first used to train military commanders. One Arab vizier lost everything he had at chess and began to play for his beloved wife Dilaram. But the smart woman, seeing the winning move, whispered to her husband: “Sacrifice two rooks, don’t regret it,” and saved her honor and freedom, and returned her wealth to her husband. In Ireland, two neighboring noble families decided: whoever loses at chess at Christmas will pay his neighbor a fine for the whole year.
In 1061, a war broke out (the campaign of William the Conqueror) between England and France. The reason is that the French Majesty hit Their English Majesty on the head with a chessboard.
In Spain, in church, priests preached: “Whoever cheats in a game of chess will not enter the kingdom of heaven.”
In England, the love of chess went so far that a board with black and white squares was used to distribute public finances.
True, bleak facts are also known. During the Second World War, the Nazis mined fields using the move of a chess knight.
It turned out that chess, like a mirror, reflected people's lives.
Many famous people spoke about chess. For example, the first official world chess champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, said that “chess is not for the faint of heart.” Howard Staunton said: “Play chess and you will make a man out of yourself.” Emmanuel Lasker: “The game of chess is a theater whose puppets play with great strength and life truth."
And our Russian champion Alexander Alekhin wrote: “With the help of chess I developed my character. Everything in them is exactly the same as in life.” Anatoly Karpov said: “Chess is a colossal expenditure of energy. I don't see anything surprising in the fact that male chess players are stronger. They can withstand overloads better.”
Before last day chess was with Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.
“And everyone completes the prescribed path,
Not daring to step closer or further.”
A.S. could not step closer or further. Pushkin, when it was Dantes’ turn to shoot. They say that on the eve of the duel, Pushkin was playing chess. Taking a bishop off the board, he whispered: “This officer is threatening me with obscenities, so I will kill him.” But…
“Even though life is like chess,
But living is not playing chess.”
Our President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin speaks about chess like this: “Chess is not just a sport. They make a person wiser and more far-sighted, help to objectively assess the current situation, and calculate actions several moves ahead.”
Another question is, is this game a sport or just a game? Of course, if we talk about physical activity, then in a chess game it is minimal. We are all used to thinking that sport is movement, activity. But sport is about training, the zeal for championship, the desire to achieve ever greater results, the ability to control oneself and one’s emotions and move only forward. Chess receives the well-deserved title of a sport; this game contains all of the above. Playing chess promotes the development of logic, thinking, concentration and fosters the will to win. This is a game for smart people, because the main quality of a real chess player is the ability not only to analyze the course of the game, but also to anticipate the possible moves of the opponent.
Is chess a sport?
Sport is, first of all, about overcoming oneself, achieving mastery, striving to become the first, to win the highest awards and titles.
Chess develops memory, attention, ingenuity, imagination, develops will, character, and teaches independent work.
To achieve high results in chess, you cannot do without persistent and hard work. Also, success in other sports, say, running or swimming, is achieved with great difficulty. However, there is a difference. To win on the treadmill or in the swimming pool, you need to run or swim as much as possible. Chess is another matter. Participating in tournaments is necessary to maintain “sports shape,” but the grandmaster does most of his work in the quiet of his office. He studies the games of future opponents, analyzes different types of positions, and explores new ideas. And the results of a chess player depend on how fruitfully this work proceeds.
It should also be said about the system of individual coefficients of chess players - ratings. It is based on a scientific approach. The use of ratings forces players to strive for high results, as in sports, and to play creatively, with full dedication, like a true artist.
A person who plays this game also acquires valuable qualities.
Conclusion.
After studying the material, I realized that chess is a constant struggle. You need to have nerves of iron to survive a loss. But you not only need to survive this loss, but also prepare yourself for the next fight. To give a worthy fight to an opponent, you need to train a lot, as in any sport.
Chess makes us more resilient and stronger in spirit.
Chess, like a mirror, reflects our life.
Now I was able to answer my main research question. I believe that chess is a sport with its ups and downs, victories and losses. After all, only the strongest win.
Chess is a simple game,
I've been playing it for a long time.
In it the rivals are figures
They move around the board.
There are a lot of figures here,
It’s impossible to read everything at once.
They stand in two rows.
And the rivals want
Kings to eat from each other,
This means doing MAT.
The queen is the most active of all:
If he wants, he will go
And right and left,
Well, the pawn is unlucky
Just one cell forward
The pawn can make a move.
And the king, imagine, too
Can't go far.
However, this is nothing
He has protection:
Pawn, knights and rook...
What a nice game!
List of used sources and literature.
G.P. Shalaeva “I want to become a champion. Big Book about sports" - M., 2005
“Encyclopedia for Children” T.20 “Sports” - 2nd edition / ed. board: M. Aksenova, V. Volodin, G. Vilchek and others - M., 2005
V.V. Kostrov “This book will teach children and parents to play chess” - St. Petersburg, 2015
http://chess-poljany.ru/?page_id=146