The Holy Quran in Arabic is the savior of the soul and body of man. Reading the Quran is a way to learn Arabic. How to learn to read the Koran in Arabic Description of Surah Al-Falyak

In the name of the Gracious and Merciful Allah!
Peace and blessings be upon His prophet!

Translation of the Koran into other languages ​​is, by and large, impossible. The translator, with all his skills, is forced to sacrifice beauty, eloquence, style, conciseness and part of the meaning of the Holy Book. But there was and still is a need for people who do not speak Arabic to understand the Qur’an, so semantic translations appear that, without claiming to reveal all the beauty of the Qur’an, give a certain idea of ​​the content of the Book.

XVIII century

First translation

In 1716, by decree of Peter I, the first translation of the Koran into Russian was published under the title “Alkoran about Mohammed, or the Turkish Law.” The author of the translation is considered to be Pyotr Postnikov (1666–1703), a diplomat, doctor and polyglot. Postnikov did not know Arabic and was not an orientalist, but his interest in the Koran led to the unofficial title of the first translator of the Koran into Russian. The translation was carried out not from the original, but from the French translation of Andre du Rieux, who handled the text quite freely. Naturally, the choice of source called into question the quality of Postnikov’s translation. Be that as it may, it was Postnikov’s translation that became the first work from which the Russian-speaking population received an idea of ​​​​the content of the Koran.

Translation of the 1st chapter of the Quran:

In the name of the generous and merciful GOD, and let there be praise to the generous and merciful God, the king of the day of judgment, for we pray to you and ask you for help, guide us on the right path, the path which you have blessed for those against whom you are not angry, so that we were delivered from your wrath.

About a hundred years ago, a manuscript dating from the first quarter of the 18th century and entitled “Alkoran or Mohammedan Law” was discovered in St. Petersburg. Translated from Arabic to French through Monsieur du Rieux." In total, the manuscript contained a translation of twenty chapters of the Koran. The unknown author, like Postnikov, chose the French translation as his source and, according to researchers, more accurately adhered to it.

Translation by Verevkin

In 1787, during the reign of Catherine II, a new translation of the Koran was published. The author was Mikhail Verevkin (1732–1795), a professional translator of various texts. His credit includes translations of French and German books on maritime affairs, work comparing the Russian translation of the Bible with French, German and Latin, books on agriculture etc. Among his translations there are also works on Islam. Verevkin looked at the Koran much more favorably than his fellow believers and contemporaries. He openly resented the bias of European Orientalists towards Islam, saying that they “...do not deserve respect, because everything they narrate is mixed with crude fables”. Nevertheless, like previous translators, he took as a basis French work André du Rieux. One of the readers of his translation was Pushkin.

Translation of the beginning of the 14th chapter:

I am a merciful God. I send down to you, Mohammed, this book, so that you may lead the people from darkness to light...

Two-volume book from the late 18th century

In 1792, the most detailed translation at that time was published in St. Petersburg, entitled “Magomedov’s Al Quran, translated from Arabic into English with the addition of explanatory and historical notes to each chapter in all the dark places, selected from the most reliable historians and Arab interpreters Al Koran by George Salem.” The difference from earlier works was that the basis was not du Rieux’s French translation, but English work George Sale, which is considered more complete due to the presence of explanations to the text. The published translation showed a biased attitude towards Islam. The author was Alexey Kolmakov (d. 1804), a translator who specialized in texts of a technical nature and had nothing to do with Oriental studies. He became the first translator to provide detailed explanations to the Russian text.

Translation of the beginning of the 2nd chapter:

In the name of the All-Merciful God. A. L. M. There is not a single doubt in this book; it is the guidance of the pious and those who believe in the mysteries of the faith, observing the established times of prayer and distributing alms from what we have given them...

19th century

Translation by Nikolaev

In 1864, a new Russian translation of the Koran was published. Its author was K. Nikolaev, who took the French text by Albin de Biberstein-Kazimirsky as a source. The book was reprinted several times and became widespread in Russia.

Translation of the beginning of the 27th chapter:

In the name of God, the Gracious and Merciful. Ta. Garden. These are the signs of reading and writing things that are evident. They serve as direction and good news for believers. For those who observe prayer, give alms and firmly believe in the future life...

First translation from Arabic

It is quite unexpected that the first translator of the Koran from the original language was a professional military man and general. Boguslavsky (1826–1893), who had already made a military career for himself, entered the faculty course oriental languages, who managed to finish as an external student. He was called a “worthy Orientalist,” and for a number of years he worked as an official translator in the countries of the East. In 1871, while working in Istanbul, he not only translated the Koran, but also wrote down his explanations for the Russian text. Boguslavsky complained about significant inaccuracies in Nikolaev’s Russian translation and this explained his desire to complete his work, in which he would like to rely exclusively on Muslim sources. It is noted that the basis for the explanations was, for the most part, the book “Mawaqib” by Ismail Farrukh. Compared to previous translations, this approach placed the work significantly above the rest. The translation remained unpublished for a long time. The general himself did not publish it, and the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, to which his widow approached with a proposal for publication, refused, although they spoke highly of this translation and spoke out about the desirability of its publication. The first translation was published only in 1995.

Translation of the 28th verse of the 7th chapter:

Committing a shameful deed, they say: we found our fathers doing this, God ordered us to do this. Tell them: God did not order shameful things to be done; Can you talk about God if you don’t know?

The most common translation of pre-revolutionary times

The most popular of all translations of times Russian Empire was published in 1878. Its author is professor of the Kazan Theological Seminary Gordiy Sablukov (1804–1880). The author was engaged in oriental studies and knew many languages, including Arabic.

Translation of Chapter 1:

In the name of God, the merciful, the merciful. Glory to God, the Lord of the worlds, the merciful, the merciful, who holds the day of judgment at his disposal! We worship You and ask You for help: lead us on the straight path, the path of those whom You have blessed, not those who are under anger, nor those who are wandering.

XX century

Translation by Krachkovsky

Until now, it is the translation of Ignatius Krachkovsky (1883–1951) that is perhaps the most famous. The author was an Arabist and lectured on the Koran at the Faculty of Oriental Languages ​​in St. Petersburg. Krachkovsky worked on the translation of the Koran from 1921 to 1930. The author worked on finalizing the Russian text almost until the end of his life. His translation was not published during his lifetime. The first edition was published only in 1963.

Translation of the beginning of the 3rd chapter:

In the name of Allah, the merciful, the merciful! Alm. Allah - there is no god but Him - living, existing! He sent down the Scripture to you in truth, confirming the truth of what was revealed before Him. And he sent down the Torah and the Gospel first as a guide for people, and he sent down Discernment.

Translation of Qadianites

In 1987, a translation of the Koran into Russian was published in London. The publisher was the Qadianite sect. One of the translators was Ravil Bukharaev (1951–2012).

Translation of the beginning of the 108th verse of the 6th chapter:

And do not revile those whom they call upon besides Allah, lest in revenge they revile Allah out of their ignorance. Thus, We made their deeds seem good to every people. Then they will return to their Master, and He will tell them their deeds.

Poetic translation by Porokhova

The author of the next translation of the Koran into Russian was Iman Porokhova (b. 1949). Porokhova began work on the poetic translation of the Koran in 1985. The text received its final design in 1991. For many, the book was a revelation: compared to previous translations, the text was distinguished by its ease of language. Refinement of the text continues, and new editions differ from previous ones.

Translation of the 1st chapter (in the 11th edition 2013):

In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Merciful! Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds! All-merciful and merciful (He is One), He alone is the ruler of the Day of Judgment. We surrender only to You and only to You we cry for help: “Guide us along the straight path, the path of those who are gifted with Thy mercy, and not the path of those on whom Your wrath is, and not the paths of the lost.”

Poetic translation by Shumovsky

In the 90s, two poetic translations of the Koran appeared at once. The author of the first was Porokhova, and the second was the Arabist Theodor Shumovsky (1913–2012), a student of Ignatius Krachkovsky. He worked on his work during 1992.

Translation of the beginning of the 1st chapter:

In the name of the Merciful, Gracious God! In the name of the Lord, whose heart is merciful, whose mercy we want, asking earnestly for it! Praise be to Him, the Ruler of the worlds, who has spread a veil over existence, to the One whose heart is merciful towards creatures, whose mercy we want, asking earnestly for it!

Translation by Shidfar

Like Szumowski, Betsy Shidfar (1928–1993) was a student of Ignatius Krachkovsky. During her lifetime, she did not have time to finalize her translation of the Koran. The text was published in 2012.

Translation of the beginning of the 14th chapter:

In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. Alif, lam, ra. This is the Scripture that We sent down to you, so that you would lead people from darkness to light, by the permission of their Lord, to the path of the Almighty, the Praised.

Translation by Karaogly

In 1994, a Russian translation by Fazil Karaogly was published in Azerbaijan. His work has been published several times in Turkey.

Translation by Osmanov

In 1995, a translation was published, which became quite widespread in Russia. Its author was Magomed-Nuri Osmanov (1924–2015), a professional orientalist from Dagestan, a specialist in the Persian language.

Translation of the beginning of the 7th chapter:

Alif, lam, mim, garden. [This] Scripture has been revealed to you [Muhammad,] - and do not let your heart be troubled because of it - so that you may admonish it and it may be an instruction for the believers.

Translation by Sadetsky

In 1997, the Qadianite sect released a translation in the United States, carried out by Russian language teacher Alexander Sadetsky. The publication also included commentaries on the verses.

"Al-Muntahab"

“Al-Muntahab” is a brief interpretation of the Koran in Russian, published in 2000 by the famous Egyptian university “Al-Azhar” together with the state religious authorities of Egypt. If usually works of this kind consist of a separate semantic translation of the verses and separate explanations for them, then Al-Muntahab is rather a mixture of both.

Tafsir of the beginning of the 1st chapter:

The sura begins with the name of Allah, the One, the Perfect, the Almighty, the Impeccable. He is the Merciful, the Giver of Good (great and small, general and private) and eternally Merciful. All kinds of most beautiful praise to Allah the One for everything that He has ordained for His slaves! All glory to Allah, the Creator and Lord of the inhabitants of the worlds! Allah is All-Merciful. He alone is the Source of Mercy and the Giver of every Good (great and small).

Let us note that Abdel Salam al-Mansi and Sumaya Afifi, two Egyptian philologists of the Russian language who translated the book “Al-Muntahab” from Arabic, had previously translated the five-volume set “The Meaning and Meaning of the Koran.” Published first in Germany (1999) and then in Russia (2002), the multi-volume set included explanations of the Koran based on the comments of Maududi, Said Qutb and others, as well as a translation of verses based on the work of Krachkovsky.

Translation by Gafurov

XXI Century

Translation by Kuliev

The most popular translation of the last 20 years is the work of Azerbaijani researcher Elmir Guliyev (b. 1975), released in 2002. It has a relatively simple and understandable language. This work is often used by translators of religious texts: it was, for example, used in the translation of the abridged version of the tafsir of Ibn Kathir and the first edition of the tafsir of Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Elmir Kuliev himself also translated the Salafi tafsir of Abdurrahman Saadi.

Translation of Chapter 1:

In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful! Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the Gracious, the Merciful, the Lord of the Day of Retribution! You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help. Lead us on the straight path, the path of those whom You have blessed, not those on whom anger has fallen, and not those who are lost.

Translation by Huseynov

In 2002, a translation by literary critic Chingiz Hasan-ogly Huseynov (b. 1929) was published under the title “Suras of the Koran, arranged by Ibn Hasan as they were revealed to the Prophet.” In his work, he arranged the chapters out of order and even split some chapters into several separate ones. The translation was carried out not from Arabic, but on the basis of Russian, Turkish and Azerbaijani translations.

Translation of the first verses of the chapter “Man”:

The times have passed when no one knew about man! Truly, we created man from a drop of seed, a mixture, subjected him to a test, and endowed him with hearing...

Third translation of the Qadianites

Despite its small numbers, the Qadianite sect distinguished itself with three translations of the Koran into Russian. The third was completed in 2005 and published in 2006. Like the first time, the publication was carried out in the UK. The authors of the translation were Khalid Akhmad, Rustam Khamatvaleev and Ravil Bukharaev. The publication was accompanied by explanations based on the Qadianite interpretation of the Koran.

Translation of the beginning of the 16th chapter of the Koran:

In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Merciful. The command of Allah will come, do not rush it. Glorified is He, and He is greater than what they associate with Him.

Translation by Abu Adel

In 2008, Abu Adel from Naberezhnye Chelny carried out a translation that quickly gained popularity in Salafi circles, sometimes eclipsing Kuliev’s translation. The work was based on a tafsir written under the direction of Ibn Abdul-Muhsin from Saudi Arabia.

Translation of Chapter 1:

In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful! (All) praise is to (only one) Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the Merciful (to all His creations in this world), (and) the Merciful (only to those who believe on the Day of Judgment), (the Only) King of the Day of Retribution! (Only) We worship You and (only) turn to You for help (in what only You can do)! Lead (You) us to the Straight Path, the Path of those whom You have bestowed with goodness, (and) not (the path) of those who are under (Your) wrath, and not (the path) of those who are lost.

Translation by Magomedov

In 2008, the Council of Muftis of Russia awarded Suleiman Magomedov (b. 1968), deputy, for a semantic translation of the Koran with commentaries. Mufti of the DUM ACR.

Translation of the 37th verse of the 2nd chapter:

And the Lord inspired Adam with words of repentance and He forgave him, because He accepts repentance and is Merciful.

Translation by the Sharipovs

In 2009, a new translation of the Koran was published from the orientalists Ural Sharipov (b. 1937) and Raisa Sharipova (b. 1940).

Translation of the 257th verse of the 2nd chapter:

Allah is the Protector of believers. He leads them out of darkness into light. Those who did not believe, their patrons are Taghuts, who lead them from light to darkness. These are the inhabitants of Fire, where they remain forever.

Translation by Oryahili and Shafiq

The translation published in Istanbul remained virtually unknown to the general reader. There is almost no information about its authors.

Translation of the 12th verse of the 11th chapter:

O messenger, do not miss anything that is sent down to you, so that your heart does not shrink from bitterness when those people say: “Why are treasures not sent to him or why does not an angel accompany him?” You are only a warner, and Allah is the Preserver of all things!

Translation by Alyautdinov

The translation of the Moscow imam Shamil Alyautdinov (b. 1974), published in 2012, became very popular. The publication also includes Alyautdinov’s own commentaries on the Koran.

Translation of Chapter 1:

In the name of Allah [the name of God, the Creator of all things, the One and Only for everyone and everything], whose mercy is eternal and limitless. “True praise belongs only to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, whose mercy is eternal and limitless, the Lord of the Day of Judgment. We worship You and ask You for help [support, God’s blessing in our affairs]. Direct us to the right way. The path of those to whom it was given [from among the prophets and messengers, the righteous and martyrs, as well as all those who were awarded such an honor]. Not those with whom You were angry, and not those who came down from him.” Amine.

Translation of the Rashad Khalifa sect

In 2014, the book “The Koran. The Last Testament” is a translation of the English edition by Rashad Khalifa (1935–1990), who is famous for declaring himself a messenger of God and denying hadith. The translator into Russian was Madina Belsizer. Some sources name Mila Komarninski as her co-author.

Translation of the beginning of the 5th chapter:

O you who believe, you must keep your obligations. You are allowed to eat livestock, except those that are specifically prohibited here. You should not allow hunting during the Hajj pilgrimage. GOD ordains whatever He wills.

Shia translation

Shiites were also noted for their translation: in 2015, the work of Nazim Zeynalov (b. 1979), who had previously translated the multi-volume tafsir of the Koran in the Shiite interpretation, was published.

Translation edited by Mukhetdinov

In 2015, the Medina Publishing House published a new edition of the tafsir of Abdullah Yusuf Ali. If in the first edition, Kuliev’s translation was used when translating the verses, then in the new edition, apparently, a new, own translation is presented. As translators of tafsir with in English several people are listed: Mikhail Yakubovich, Viktor Rubtsov, Nailya Khusainova, Valery Bikchentaev, editor-in-chief - Damir Mukhetdinov (b. 1977).

Translation of the beginning of the 187th verse of the 2nd chapter:

It is permissible for you to touch your wives on the night of fasting. They are a garment for you, and you are a garment for them. Allah knows what you used to do in secret among yourselves, but He turned to you and forgave you. So go in to them and seek what Allah has ordained for you. Eat and drink until at dawn you can distinguish a white thread from a black one, and then fast until night comes.

New translations

Despite the presence of more than twenty Russian translations of the Koran, there are probably dozens, or even hundreds of new works awaiting us. This is indicated not only by the general trend of increasing their number, but also by the experience of other countries: for example, the number English translations, apparently, is already indicated by three-digit numbers. Of interest, of course, are those semantic translations with explanations that are certified by trustworthy ulama.

Editorial website

Sources used: Yakubovich M. Russian translations of the meanings of the Koran in the linguistic space of the CIS countries // islamsng.com; Gavrilov Yu. A., Shevchenko A. G. The Koran in Russia: translations and translators // Bulletin of the Institute of Sociology. – No. 5, 2012. – Page. 81–96, etc.

Quranic verses used in translation:

﴿﴾ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ ﴿﴾ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴿﴾ مَـٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ ﴿﴾ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ ﴿﴾ ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ ﴿﴾ صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ

بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
الٓر ۚ كِتَـٰبٌ أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ ٱلنَّاسَ مِنَ ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلْحَمِيدِ

بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
الٓمٓ ﴿١﴾ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبُ لَا رَيْبَ ۛ فِيهِ ۛ هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ ﴿٢﴾ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَـٰهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ

بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
طسٓ ۚ تِلْكَ ءَايَـٰتُ ٱلْقُرْءَانِ وَكِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ ﴿١﴾ هُدًى وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿٢﴾ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَهُم بِٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ

وَإِذَا فَعَلُوا۟ فَـٰحِشَةً قَالُوا۟ وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهَآ ءَابَآءَنَا وَٱللَّـهُ أَمَرَنَا بِهَا ۗ قُلْ إِنَّ ٱللَّـهَ لَا يَأْمُرُ بِٱلْفَحْشَآءِ ۖ أَتَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّـهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ

بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
الٓمٓ ﴿١﴾ ٱللَّـهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلْحَىُّ ٱلْقَيُّومُ ﴿٢﴾ نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ بِٱلْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَأَنزَلَ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ وَٱلْإِنجِيلَ ﴿٣﴾ مِن قَبْلُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَنزَلَ ٱلْفُرْقَانَ

وَلَا تَسُبُّوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّـهِ فَيَسُبُّوا۟ ٱللَّـهَ عَدْوًۢا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ زَيَّنَّا لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ عَمَلَهُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِم مَّرْجِعُهُمْ فَيُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ

بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
الٓمٓصٓ ﴿١﴾ كِتَـٰبٌ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ فَلَا يَكُن فِى صَدْرِكَ حَرَجٌ مِّنْهُ لِتُنذِرَ بِهِۦ وَذِكْرَىٰ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ

بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
هَلْ أَتَىٰ عَلَى ٱلْإِنسَـٰنِ حِينٌ مِّنَ ٱلدَّهْرِ لَمْ يَكُن شَيْـًٔا مَّذْكُورًا ﴿١﴾ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍ نَّبْتَلِيهِ فَجَعَلْنَـٰهُ سَمِيعًۢا بَصِيرًا

بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
أَتَىٰٓ أَمْرُ ٱللَّـهِ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ ۚ سُبْحَـٰنَهُۥ وَتَعَـٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ

فَتَلَقَّىٰٓ ءَادَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ كَلِمَـٰتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

ٱللَّـهُ وَلِىُّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ يُخْرِجُهُم مِّنَ ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ ۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ أَوْلِيَآؤُهُمُ ٱلطَّـٰغُوتُ يُخْرِجُونَهُم مِّنَ ٱلنُّورِ إِلَى ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ ۗ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ أَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَـٰلِدُونَ

فَلَعَلَّكَ تَارِكٌۢ بَعْضَ مَا يُوحَىٰٓ إِلَيْكَ وَضَآئِقٌۢ بِهِۦ صَدْرُكَ أَن يَقُولُوا۟ لَوْلَآ أُنزِلَ عَلَيْهِ كَنزٌ أَوْ جَآءَ مَعَهُۥ مَلَكٌ إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ نَذِيرٌ وَٱللَّـهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ وَكِيلٌ

بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَوْفُوا۟ بِٱلْعُقُودِ ۚ أُحِلَّتْ لَكُم بَهِيمَةُ ٱلْأَنْعَـٰمِ إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ غَيْرَ مُحِلِّى ٱلصَّيْدِ وَأَنتُمْ حُرُمٌ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّـهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ

أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ ٱلصِّيَامِ ٱلرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَآئِكُمْ ۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ ٱللَّـهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنكُمْ ۖ فَٱلْـَٔـٰنَ بَـٰشِرُوهُنَّ وَٱبْتَغُوا۟ مَا كَتَبَ ٱللَّـهُ لَكُمْ ۚ وَكُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ ٱلْخَيْطُ ٱلْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ ٱلْخَيْطِ ٱلْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ ٱلْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا۟ ٱلصِّيَامَ إِلَى ٱلَّيْلِ

The Koran, or, as it is also called, Al-Qur'an, is a sacred book for every Muslim, recognized as the uncreated Word of God, a copy of the Tablet stored in heaven and created before the creation of the world. Today it is considered the most reliable Koran on Arabic , because it was originally written in it, which means it does not contain translation inaccuracies.

In accordance with the teachings of Islam, the Koran is a full-fledged continuation and replacement of two more ancient revelations: the Torah and the Gospel. By the way, I will mention my knowledge of Arabic, in which the names of revelations sound like Taurat and Injile.

Although the Holy Scriptures of Muslims are completely different from the Bible, it contains references to the prophets from the Old Testament and Jesus Christ. From its pages, people learn about the history of Adam and Eve, about Cain, who killed brother Abel, about the ark of Noah, about Moses, Abraham, Ismail, Solomon and other prophets, and prophets unknown to Christians are also mentioned: Shuyab, Dhul-Qarnain, Salih and Dhul -Kifl.

The Holy Qur'an is the Word revealed by God and not a narrative about Him. It was transmitted through the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in Arabic. It is believed that over many centuries the text of the Koran in Arabic has not changed and still remains unchanged, although many question the accuracy of the presentation, which I will mention below.

Al-Qur'an can be called the cornerstone of the Muslim world, because it is the basis of the state, legal, social and economic structure of countries. Living according to the Koran means following the will of the Almighty, and an ideal society is one in which all regulations are observed. God is one and only, he is omniscient and omnipotent.

Allah sent prophets to people many times, but no one was heard to the end, and the Koran is the last chance for people to submit to the will of the Almighty.

How did the Quran appear in Arabic, and why is there so much controversy surrounding it?

The name of the holy book comes from the word "qara'a", which means "to read" in Arabic. Muslim mythology says that the Word was transmitted to the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) through Jebrail, one of the heavenly archangels.

However, the Prophet himself did not write down his sermons, since he was not trained to read and write and considered the oral transmission of knowledge more reliable. Instead, his students did this; they wrote down sayings on everything that came to hand: pieces of leather, bones, leaves and parchment, memorized the speeches and passed them on to people.

IN historical sources Forty people are mentioned who recorded the revelations. However, during the life of the prophet, a single collection never appeared, perhaps because there was simply no need for it.

Later, all the entries were nevertheless entered into one book, but without any systematization. The first copy of the holy scripture was called “Mushaful-iman” and was kept by Hafsa, the wife of the prophet and daughter of the first caliph Abu Bakr. It is interesting that outside Arabia, disputes immediately flared up about the accuracy and order of the narrative, but the Arabs had no shadow of doubt, everyone knew it there.

Although it is believed that Quran in Arabic never rewritten, but scientists have their own opinion.

• Firstly, the Koran is a work of many authors, which is confirmed by the absence of a single style; to understand this, you do not need to be an expert, just read the texts.
• Secondly, it has been established that the final edition of the Koran in Arabic appeared under Caliph Osman, who ruled in 644-656. In those days, a huge amount of work was carried out, during which the editorial commission streamlined the Koran as a collection of mandatory religious and everyday rules.

The remaining collections, even those collected by the prophet's relatives, were burned. When Osman's Koran was completed, each member of the commission, assembled from those close to the prophet, swore that all parts of the text were arranged and presented correctly.

If you decide to buy the Qur'an in Arabic today, it will definitely reproduce this canonical text. I suggest watching a very interesting documentary about the Holy Scriptures:

Structure of the Quran in Arabic: verses and juzes

The Koran consists of 114 suras (they are also called “juz”), that is, chapters, each of which is endowed with a special meaning and conveys a revelation consisting of verses or verses (signs, wonders). In modern editions they are numbered, but traditionally labeled. One of the most important surahs is Al-Fatiha (Opening). It summarizes the contents of the Koran and is chanted by believers during their five-time daily prayer (namaz).

Often, thoughts and proposals contained in one chapter are in no way consistent with each other and do not even correspond to the title of the chapter. This may be due to hasty editing and omissions or deliberate destruction of portions of Scripture. For example, the second sura is called Al-Bakara (translated from Arabic as “The Cow”), but the name is in no way justified by the content.

Of the 286 verses that form the second chapter, the word “cow” is mentioned incidentally in only four. That is, the title does not at all correspond to the text telling about the basic principles of religion. And half of the suras were named after the first word with which they begin. As a rule, these words also do not reflect the content.

Traditionally, names are usually appended with the name of the place where the revelations were revealed: in Mecca or Medina. Meccan suras are often short, dynamic and emotional. The Medina suras are more prosaic and contain information about the worldly affairs of Muslim society.

On the stylistic features of Holy Scripture

The compressed and figurative style of the Quran cannot be compared with anything else. Often in one surah it contains different rhythmic patterns, abrupt transitions from one topic to another and from the first person to the third, repetitions of what has already been said and hints at subsequent chapters.

The rhymed passages do not coincide with the poetic metric of Arab countries, so they cannot be called poetry, but they are not prose either. Quran in Arabic- this is not an ordinary literary text, but a unique creation of its kind; it is absurd to expect from it the usual European turn with a climax and denouement. Each reader must himself be imbued with the deep meaning of Scripture.

Back in the 10th century, the definition of ijaz was invented for the special style of the Koran, expressing its incomparability. The Koran has not yet been 100% translated, therefore, regardless of nationality, Muslims are required to be able to read the holy book in the original. Of course, for a more complete understanding, you can use ready-made translations, but the translation of the Quran is only a subjective attempt by the translator to explain his own understanding and vision.

It’s not enough to buy the Quran in Arabic, you need to be able to read and understand it!

The correct way to read the Koran is not by pronouncing each sound, but by chanting it (avaz). There are seven ways of reading the Scriptures, called qirats, they relate specifically to pronunciation, but have virtually no effect on semantic accents. I myself spent a long time learning how to read beautifully, and even made some progress. But most of all I love beautiful reading by Arabists. Listen for yourself, isn't it wonderful?

The Holy Quran will always be relevant and in demand among believers, because time has no power over the Word of the Almighty, it is addressed to the essence of the human being and cannot be changed.

Our online store offers various Qurans - from beautiful gift editions to small travel editions. Everyone will find an option to their liking. Click the button and select:

Peace to your home! Sincerely, Ali Askerov.

Learning to read the Quran consists of 4 basic rules:

1. Learning the alphabet (the alphabet in Arabic is called Alif wa ba).
2. Teaching writing.
3. Grammar (Tajweed).
4. Reading.

Right away it may seem simple to you. However, all these stages are divided into several sub-items. The main point is that you need to learn how to write correctly. That's right, not correct! If you do not learn to write, then you cannot move on to learning grammar and reading.

2 more very important points: first, with this method you will only learn to read and write in Arabic, but not to translate. To fully delve into this language, you can go to an Arab country and gnaw on the granite of science there. Secondly, you need to immediately decide which Quran you will study from, since there are differences in them. Most of the old teachers teach from the Koran, which is called “Ghazan”.

But I do not recommend doing this, because then it will be difficult to switch to the modern Koran. The font is very different everywhere, but the meaning of the text is the same. Naturally, “Gazan” is easier to learn to read, but it is better to start learning with a modern font. If you don’t quite understand the difference, then look at the picture below, this is exactly what the font in the Koran should look like:

I think that if you want to learn how to read the Quran, you have already bought it. Now you can move on to the alphabet. At this stage, I advise you to start a notebook and remember school. All letters individually must be written out in a notebook 100 times. The Arabic alphabet is no more complicated than the Russian one. Firstly, it has only 28 letters, and secondly, there are only 2 vowels: “ey” and “alif”.

But this can also make the language difficult to understand. Because in addition to letters, there are also sounds: “un”, “u”, “i”, “a”. Moreover, almost all letters (except for “uau”, “zey”, “ray”, “zal”, “dal”, “alif”) at the end, in the middle and at the beginning of words are written differently. Most people also have problems with reading from right to left. After all, they read from left to right. But in Arabic it's the other way around.

It can also make writing difficult. The main thing in it is that the handwriting has a bias from right to left, and not vice versa. It may take you a long time to get used to it, but after a while you will bring everything to automaticity. Now UchiEto will show you the Arabic alphabet (the yellow frames highlight the spelling options for letters depending on their location in the word):

First, it is important that you write as much as possible. You need to get better at this, because now you are building the foundation of your training. In a month it is quite possible to learn the alphabet, know the spelling variants and learn to write. If you are interested, you can do it in half a month.

Once you have learned the alphabet and learned to write, you can move on to grammar. In Arabic it is called "tajweed". You can learn grammar directly while reading. Just a small nuance - in the Koran the beginning is not where everyone is used to. The beginning is at the end of the book, but it is better to start with the first surah of the Quran called Al-Fatihah.

The Koran, being the word of the Almighty, serves as a true guide, the main guideline in the life of the Islamic Ummah, as well as a source of universal knowledge and worldly wisdom that has no analogues in the world. Revelation itself says:

“Allah has sent down the best narrative - the Scripture, the verses of which are similar and repeated. For those who fear their Creator, it sends a shiver down their spine. And then their skin and hearts soften when remembering the Almighty. This is the sure guidance of Allah, by which He guides whomever He wills to the straight path" (39:23)

Throughout history, the Lord has revealed four Holy Scriptures to His servants, namely: the Torah (Tawrat), the Psalter (Zabur), the Gospel (Injil) and the Koran (Kur'an). The latter is His final Scripture, and the Creator has undertaken to protect it from any distortion until the day of the Great Judgment. And this is stated in the next verse:

“Verily We have sent down a Reminder and We guard it” (15:9)

In addition to the traditional name, the final Revelation of God also uses other names that characterize some of its qualities. The most common among them are the following:

1. Furqan (Discrimination)

This name means that the Quran serves as a distinction between “halal” (permissible) and (forbidden).

2. Kitab (Book)

That is, the Holy Quran is the Book of the Almighty.

3. Dhikr (Reminder)

It is understood that the text of Holy Scripture is at the same time a reminder and a warning for all believers.

4. Tanzil (Sent Down)

The essence of this name is that the Quran was revealed by our Creator as His direct mercy for the worlds.

5. Nur (Light)

Structure of the Quran

The Holy Book of Muslims includes 114 suras. Each of them has its own special meaning and its own history of revelation. All suras consist of verses that also carry a certain meaning. The number of verses in each sura varies, and therefore there are relatively long suras and short ones.

The Koranic suras themselves, depending on the period of their revelation, are divided into the so-called “Meccan” (that is, sent down to the Messenger of the Almighty Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, during the period of his prophetic mission in Mecca) and “Madin” (respectively, in Medina).

In addition to surahs, the Koran is also divided into juzes - there are thirty of them, and each of them consists of two hizbs. In practice, this division is used for the convenience of reading the Quran during Taraweeh prayers in the Holy month of Ramadan (khatm), since reading the entire text of the Book of Allah from the first to the last verses is desired action in a blessed month.

History of the Quran

The process of sending down Revelation took place in parts and over a fairly long period of time - over 23 years. This is mentioned in Surah Al-Isra:

“We sent it (the Quran) with the truth, and it came down with the truth, but We sent you (Muhammad) only as a good messenger and a warner. We have divided the Quran so that you can read it to people slowly. We sent it down in parts" (17:105-106)

The revelation to the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.w.) was carried out through the angel Gabriel. The Messenger retold them to his companions. The first were the initial verses of Surah Al-Alaq (The Clot). It was with them that the prophetic mission of Muhammad (s.g.w.) began, twenty-three years long.

In the hadiths, this historical moment is described as follows (according to Aisha bint Abu Bakr): “The sending of revelations to the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu haleyhi wa sallam, begins with a good dream, and no other visions except those that came like the dawn. Later, he was inspired by the desire to retire, and he preferred to do this in the Hira cave on the mountain of the same name. There he was engaged in deeds of piety - he worshiped the Almighty for many nights on end, until the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.w.) had a desire to return to his family. All this lasted until the truth was revealed to him, when he was once again inside the cave of Hira. An angel appeared before him and commanded: “Read!”, but in response he heard: “I don’t know how to read!” Then, as Muhammad (s.g.w.) himself narrated, the angel took him and squeezed him tightly - so much so that he tensed to the limit, and then unclenched his embrace and said again: “Read!” The Prophet objected: “I can’t read!” The angel again squeezed him so that he (again) became very tense, and released him, commanding: “Read!” - and he (again) repeated: “I can’t read!” And then the angel squeezed the Final Messenger of Allah for the 3rd time and, releasing him, said: “Read in the name of your Lord, Who created, created man from a clot! Read, and your Lord is the most generous...” (Bukhari).

The revelation of the Holy Book of Muslims began on the most blessed night of the month of Ramadan - Laylat ul-Qadr (Night of Predestination). This is also written in the Holy Quran:

"We sent it down on a blessed night, and We warn" (44:3)

The Quran, familiar to us, appeared after the passing of the Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.), since during his life the answer to any question of interest to people could be given by Muhammad (s.g.v.) himself. The 1st righteous caliph Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (ra) ordered all the companions who knew the Quran by heart exactly to write down its text on scrolls, since there was a threat of losing the original text after the death of all the companions who knew it by heart. All these scrolls were collected together during the reign of the 3rd Caliph - (r.a.). It is this copy of the Koran that has survived to this day.

The virtues of reading

The Holy Scripture, being the word of the Most High, carries many advantages for people who read and study it. The text of the Book says:

“We have sent down to you the Scripture to clarify all things, as a guide to the straight path, mercy and good news for Muslims” (16:89)

The benefits of reading and studying Quranic surahs are also mentioned in a number of hadiths. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) once said: “The best of you is the one who studied the Quran and taught it to others” (Bukhari). It follows that studying the Book of the Lord is one of the best deeds for which one can earn the pleasure of one’s Creator.

In addition, for reading each letter contained in the Holy Quran, good deeds are recorded, as narrated by the following saying of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.): “Whoever reads one letter of the Book of Allah will have one good deed recorded, and The reward for doing good deeds increases 10-fold” (Tirmidhi).

Naturally, memorizing the verses will also be a virtue for the believer: “To those who knew the Quran, it will be said: “Read and ascend, and pronounce the words clearly, as you did in earthly life, for, truly, your place will correspond to the last verse you read.” "(this hadith is reported by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah). Moreover, even if a believer has memorized certain verses, he should re-read them so as not to forget. God's Messenger (s.g.w.) said: “Continue to repeat the Quran, as it leaves the hearts of people faster than camels freed from their fetters” (Bukhari, Muslim).

It is also important to remember that the time devoted by believers to reading and studying the Book of the Creator will benefit them not only in this mortal world. There is a hadith on this subject: “Read the Koran, for, verily, on the Day of Resurrection it will appear as an intercessor for those who read it!” (Muslim).

Did you like the material? Send it to your brothers and sisters in faith and receive sawab!

1975 is the year of birth of Elmir Kuliev. He began attending school at the age of five. However, such a young age did not prevent him from studying with honors. For all ten years of study at Baku School No. 102, he did not receive a single B. During his studies, Elmir was not at all interested in religious issues, and certainly did not read books reflecting religious themes.

Since 1990, at the age of 15, Elmir Guliyev studied at the Azerbaijani medical institute at the Faculty of Dentistry, having done an excellent job in the profiling exam. Students from Palestine studied dentistry together with Elmir. From conversations with them, Kuliev first learned about Islam and the rituals of performing namaz, after which he became interested in this religion. While studying aspects of religion, Elmir Kuliev became more interested in the Arabic language. Kuliev decided to start attending Arabic language courses. For more effective learning, Kuliev acquired an Arabic dictionary, which he often worked with at home. Over time, studying from two to three hours a day, Kuliev began to memorize up to 30 new Arabic words daily. Such zeal for learning the language allowed him to master the Arabic language perfectly in a fairly short time. Subsequently, Elmir decided to start translating Arabic books into Russian.

Today Elmir Kuliev is scientific editor a number of books. He created about fifty articles and translations of theological books into Russian, and translations not only from Arabic, but also from Azerbaijani and English. However, the main work is undoubtedly the semantic translation of the Koran by Elmir Kuliev. This work was completed in 2002. Later, Kuliev created some additions and comments to the work. The translation of the Koran is constantly being improved by Elmir Kuliev, who is accustomed to doing all his work flawlessly!

Advantages of reading the semantic translation of the Qur'an.

The Koran in Russian now exists in large quantities. You can find it in any mosque, in addition, you can read the Koran in Russian on the Internet on sites dedicated to the religion of Islam. For reading the Koran in Russian, a Muslim will definitely receive a good reward, since the desire to understand the essence of what he read fills the consciousness of a Muslim necessary knowledge about Islam and information contained in the Holy Scriptures.

As one of the hadiths of the Prophet of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) says:

“Whoever sets out on the path of acquiring knowledge, Allah will make the path to Paradise easier for him. The angels spread their wings over him, rejoicing for him. Every creature in heaven and on earth, even fish in the water, asks for forgiveness of the sins of the one receiving knowledge. The dignity of an alim over an abid (ordinary worshiper) is like the dignity of the full moon over the rest of the stars.". (Abu Dawud, hadith 3641, narrated by Abu Darda).

The hadith testifies that everyone who tries to read the Koran in Russian and understand what they read will find it easier to get into the Gardens of Eden. But often, when reading the Koran in Russian, the reader has numerous questions, since there are a large number of verses that are difficult to interpret. It is often almost impossible to understand what you read yourself. To facilitate understanding of the written translation of the Koran in Russian, interpretations of the Holy Scriptures, or tafsirs, were created. The interpretation of the Qur'an is a painstaking work carried out over many years by the most eminent scholars of Islam.

The best reading of the Koran in Russian is considered to be reading it using interpretations. Only with the use of tafsir can a Muslim understand the meaning of the Koran as effectively as possible. Reflection on the meaning of sacred words gives a Muslim a more correct understanding of his religion, drawing intelligent conclusions regarding the further structure of his life, and the opportunity to achieve the right path of following Islam.

Every true Muslim should strive to read the Quran first in Russian, using and studying tafsirs, then read the Quran in Arabic, keeping in mind the meaning of the read Arabic words of the Holy Scripture and reflecting on them. Thus, he no longer just mindlessly rereads the Arabic letters of the Koran, but reads it with full understanding. And reading the Koran in Arabic and understanding the text gives more sawab than reading the Koran in Russian or reading the Koran in Arabic without understanding.