"warm bread" - analysis of the work. What does K.G.’s fairy tale teach? Paustovsky “Warm bread Konstantin Paustovsky warm bread the main idea of the story
“Warm bread” analysis - theme and main idea, real and fabulous in the story. You will also learn what the fairy tale “Warm Bread” teaches.
“Warm bread” Paustov analysis
Genre- story
Subject- labor and care for animals
The main idea. An evil deed must be corrected, but in general it is better not to do evil to anyone, ever.
Time- events take place during the Civil War, in the village of Berezhki
- Filka is the main character of the work “Warm Bread”
- Wounded horse
- Melnik Pankrat
- Grandma
- Magpie
- Frost, blizzard
- Guys
- Residents of the village of Berezhki
What does the fairy tale “Warm Bread” teach?
The fairy tale teaches you to live correctly and treat people kindly. And then life will become easier and more interesting. You need to do good to people, and if you make a mistake, you shouldn’t be afraid to repent and correct the mistake. The fairy tale teaches us kindness, mercy, responsibility for our words and actions, respect for bread, work and perseverance in achieving noble goals.
What is real in the fairy tale “Warm Bread”
1. War, a wounded horse, hunger, human anger, an indifferent boy
2. A disabled person begging for alms, humiliation of the beggar.
3. Grandmother Filka
4. The boy’s decision to go to people for help.
5. Help from Pankrat and other village residents: joint work, work that melts the ice, bringing the mill and the inhabitants of the entire village back to life.
6. The joy of forgiveness, reconciliation. Sensitivity of a horse.
What is fantastic about the fairy tale “Warm Bread”?
1. Miller-sorcerer; a whistle that causes a cold and punishes an evil person. Wind, frost, mice.
2. Grandmother's story about an incident 100 years ago (legend).
This literary fairy tale by K. G. Paustovsky, more like a true story, makes us think about love and cordiality, about indifference and its consequences, about the possibility of making amends for the harm caused, about mercy and forgiveness. One plot connects the present and the past, people and animals, guilt and redemption.
History of creation
In 1954, nine years after the end of the war, a children's writer told the children an amazing story about good and evil. The work was first published in the famous magazine “Murzilka”, and later, in 1973, a short cartoon of the same name was shot.
Story Analysis
Description of the story
The plot of the story takes place during wartime in a simple village. The life of the peasants is hard and difficult; there is not enough food. The old miller Pankrat, having sheltered a crippled horse, who by chance ended up in Berezhki, is unable to feed the poor fellow. The villagers treat the horse kindly and help to the best of their ability. Only the angry and aggressive Filka, indifferent to those around him and the concerns of others, hurt the horse. Callousness turned into a disaster for the village: severe cold set in, a harbinger of starvation.
Wanting to help cope with the general misfortune, the boy offers his way out of the critical situation.
Realizing that he was wrong, Filka does everything possible to compensate for his rash step, and in the end he makes peace with the horse, treating him to warm bread.
Main characters
Distrust, heartlessness, anger, unsociability, callousness and greed characterize the central character of the work - Filka, a teenager living with his grandmother. By refusing any proposals and requests from friends, he can often offend an old woman with his disdainful attitude. There is no kindness in his heart either towards people or animals.
The boy understands the cruelty and irreversibility of his prank only after talking with his grandmother, and, having comprehended what he has done, rushes to correct the situation. Having found the strength to admit her mistake, Filka appears before the reader from the other side: we see genuine hard work, sincere repentance, intelligence, and organizational skills. The teenager showed the villagers his positive qualities and made them believe him.
Melnik Pankrat
Another main character in the fairy tale “Warm Bread” is the mysterious miller Pankrat, who gave shelter to a wounded horse. The old man acquired patience and wisdom, responsiveness and prudence, practicality and foresight over the many years of his life. Knowing the true value of things, he does not deny Filka the opportunity to atone, realizing that every person has good sides.
In the exposition, the reader gets acquainted with the scene of action and the main characters. The plot of the story is the ugly step of a heartless boy, which brought about sad consequences.
Using a strict sequence of events, the writer allows us to trace the gradual revelation of the character of the hero, clearly showing the motivation for his behavior.
The denouement of the tale is the reconciliation of the boy and the horse, the repentance of one and the forgiveness of the other.
In simple words, Paustovsky speaks of spiritual generosity, compassion, and responsiveness. Good thoughts and actions respond well, but callousness inevitably turns into evil and troubles. The writer is confident that having realized a mistake in time and repented, every person has a chance to change the situation, make amends, and become more merciful.
Development of a literature lesson for the 5th grade on the topic “Reading the fairy tale by K. G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread.” This material is a step-by-step analysis of the fairy tale, allowing children to better understand the ideological intent of the author, his attitude to the events depicted.
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Reading a fairy tale by K.G. Paustovsky “Warm Bread”
The purpose of the lesson: expand the reading range of students, continue work on analyzing prose works.
Lesson objectives:
educational: develop the ability to observe the literary word, draw independent conclusions, show the role of speech characteristics in revealing the characters’ characters, the role of detail, means of expression;
developing: develop the ability to analyze a prose work, conduct a dialogue, form the main idea of a work, develop the ability to reason, develop research abilities (the ability to compare);
educational: draw students' attention to issues related to showing empathy, respect for other people and all living things.
During the classes
- Organizing time.
- Teacher's opening speech.
If you had to retell this tale in one sentence, how would you do it?
The fairy tale tells how one boy had a quarrel with a horse, and because of this the whole village in which they lived could have died, but kind people told the boy how to correct the situation.
Did you like the fairy tale? How do you feel about her characters?
Writers take the choice of titles for their works seriously: after all, it should reflect the main idea of the book. We will try to understand why K.G. Paustovsky called the fairy tale “Warm Bread.” To do this, let’s talk about it in more detail.
3. Conversation on the content of the fairy tale.
Who would you call the main characters of the fairy tale?
At what time did the horse appear in the village? (The writer shows the difficult wartime. Life was hard, there was nothing to eat, the mill had not worked for a long time. And at that time a horse appeared in the village. He was wounded by a German shell, the commander decided to leave him in the village. Miller Pankrat sheltered the wounded , and the residents helped the horse as much as they could, calling him social. The horse was a noble animal: after the miller cured him, he did not sit back, but began to help make the dam)
Why was Filka nicknamed “Well, you”?
How did Filka meet the horse? (Filka treated the horse the same way he treated everything: cold and indifferent. The boy called the horse names, hit him in the mouth, and threw the bread he was reaching for far into the snow. Filka didn’t think that the horse needed help, support, that he cannot live without people.
Filka is also to blame for the fact that he abused the bread. A lot of human labor was invested in bread, and by throwing it under his feet, Filka devalued this important product).
The author uses the epithet “gloating”. We see how much evil there is in the boy and how this evil spreads to others. Has anything changed in the village after Filka’s crime? Let's read and compare the two episodes. What's interesting about them?
4. Comparative analysis of episodes
1. Description of nature before Filka’s meeting with the horse (from the words “The winter was warm this year...”).
2. Description of the blizzard (from the words “A tear rolled down from the horse’s eyes...”).
The first episode describes warm weather, the water did not freeze, the repaired mill was about to start working and would give people life - bread. And in the second episode it is shown how “the blizzard roared, maddened.” The author uses the technique of personification. Blizzard acts like an angry person. There are a lot of verbs in this episode. They show how dynamically everything happened; nothing could stop nature. But Filka still couldn’t find the porch (he was lost in life too, there was cold in his soul, cold all around).
How do you explain the phrase: “...through its [blizzard] roar, Filka heard a thin and short whistle, like a horse’s tail whistles when an angry horse hits its sides with it?”
The snowstorm began precisely at the moment when Filka offended the horse. This act showed disrespect for nature, and the horse is part of nature. The horse is man's friend and does a lot for people. Filka didn’t just drive him away, he scared away happiness. And the horse “neighed pitifully and protractedly, and waved its tail.” In nature, everything is interconnected. By offending the horse, Filka offended the world around him. Nature decided to stand up for the horse. An evil person brought evil to a living being, evil began to rule the world. And it was not for nothing that the neighing of a horse was heard...
And since the horse was a public one, Filka brought grief to the entire village.
Everything was frozen in ice, “there is no water, everyone’s flour has run out, and now the mill will not be able to work...” The grandmother’s tears personified the tears of the entire village, and even Filka “also cried with fear.”
(Reading by role of the grandmother’s dialogue with Filka.)
Why did the grandmother tell Filka a story from a hundred years ago? Why are the stories so similar? (What happened a hundred years ago in the village is very similar to the situation with Filka. Both the horse and the old soldier were wounded in the leg while defending their homeland. Both came to people for help. But the people turned out to be evil, lazy. They gave bread to the evil words. And then the man whistled (like the horse). And a blizzard, a storm came, and the man died. The pattern: if he brought evil to another, he acquired evil for himself. The grandmother told Filka the story so that he would think about what he had done).
Why did Filka, indifferent, lazy, fearful, run to the mill at night?
Filka realized that only the one who did the evil is able to correct it. He was also afraid that evil might return to him.
(An expressive reading of the description of the night from the words “The snow sang under his feet...” to the words “He could no longer run, but walked heavily, shoveling the snow with felt boots.”)
How do you understand the comparison “the snow sang underfoot, as if a team of cheerful sawyers were cutting down a birch grove across the river to the roots”?
Inconsistency: the sawyers were destroying the grove, which could have brought a lot more good, pleasant moments, and their fun did not correspond to the situation, perhaps it was feigned. The snow sang in the same way, threatening the entire village with death.
Was it easy for Filka to go to the miller? Why?
Let's listen to the conversation between the miller and Filka.
Was Filka able to tell about his crime? How does this characterize him?
Filka behaved courageously. He managed to admit that he acted ugly, which means he can fix everything. Pankrat also advised him this, because he, a wise man who knows people, realized that Filka was beginning to change for the better.
What does the expression “change for the better” mean? What did Pankrat call Filka?
First, Pankrat calls Filka a meaningless person, that is, living without meaning, without a goal in life, who does not know what to do or why. Such a person can commit both evil and good deeds, without answering to anyone for them. Pankrat hopes that in the future Filka will be a “clean person”, cheerful. Cheerful means without evil. Just like the guys from the village. After all, Filka is very confident in them: they are good, hardworking, honest, kind, friendly. And Filka will definitely become like that. He felt responsible for other people, this helped him change.
Did Filka succeed in his plans? How did Pankrat and Soroka explain this?
Pankrat believed that it was the warm wind that helped the children and old people break off the ice. The magpie told everyone that it was she, feeling sorry for the people, who asked the summer wind to drive away the severe frost.
Who is right?
(Expressive reading of the episode from the words “On frosty days, the sun rises crimson, in heavy smoke...” to the words “The smell of spring is in the air...”)
Both old people and young guys - everyone started working on the river early in the morning (“The frequent knocking of crowbars could be heard”). The ice at the mill was chipped together and cheerfully. The younger generation learned from the old. The anger left Filka’s heart with tears, with fear, and in joint work. Once again the author talks about the birch grove, only now it “made a cheerful, echoing noise over the river.” Nature thawed, just as a mother’s heart thaws at the sight of a repentant child. The birches rustle cheerfully: with hope for life, not death.
What was the reward for the villagers for their friendly work?
The mill started working. After the cold and frost, you could dip “your chilled hands” into hot flour.
Why did the women laugh at this?
Laughter is happiness, joy, bright hopes. It’s very good when people laugh - life comes back to them. The huts glowed from the fire, all living things “spun around the housewives,” came to life, and did not freeze in tears and sadness. Goodness has settled in the houses again.
What else symbolized life in this village?
The housewives baked bread at night. This is “warm”, “wonderful” bread. It gives a good mood and peace. There is a wonderful proverb: “Bread is the head of everything.” The story talks about warmth, about warm human hands that breathed life into bread. Bread is a symbol of comfort and friendship.
Did Filka feel redeemed? Why do you think so?
No, until Filka talked to the horse, he could not admit that his guilt had been exhausted. The boy needed to see the one he had offended and personally ask for his forgiveness.
(Reading by roles from the words “The next morning Filka came with the guys to the mill...” to the words “And when he ate all the bread, he put his head on Filka’s shoulder, sighed and closed his eyes from satiety and pleasure...”)
Why didn’t the horse accept the bread that Filka brought him?
The horse's soul remained distrustful of this man. A very important idea: if you deceive once, you will lose respect forever. And Filka was afraid of this. He realized that a bad deed is done quickly and easily, but it is difficult to regain a good opinion of oneself.
Who helped Filka make peace with his horse?
Pankrat believed in Filka and asked him to believe in him and the horse. The miller did this at the right time, otherwise Filka might have become embittered again. This tale shows the importance of an adult friend in the lives of children. Both the grandmother and the miller have a lot of wisdom. Timely advice can prevent any misfortune.
Read the scene of Filka’s reconciliation with the horse. What feelings did the main characters begin to experience? Do you think Filka will keep the nickname “Well!”?
The horse forgave Filka; he believed that the boy could no longer offend him or any other creature. The main character has changed, he has ceased to be indifferent to everything. This is a touching moment in a fairy tale: forgiving an enemy, finding a friend. And no one will ever call Filka “Well!”
How do you explain the title of Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”?
The title uses both direct and figurative meanings of the words. The main thing is that what happened helped Filka understand himself, understand people, become different, understand that any action (good or evil) is connected with the entire subsequent life of a person.
Homework.Make a plan for an oral story on the topic “The Transfiguration of Filka.”
Preview:
The theme of the lesson is “The soul screams.” (based on the story “Yesterday’s Man” by G.I. Pinyasov)
The purpose of the lesson:
1. Systematize the proposed and independently selected information;
2. In the process of analysis, lead students to the ideological significance of the work;
3. Develop students’ speech and creative thinking.
The only thing in the world that has value is
This is an active soul.
R. Emerson
During the classes
- Teacher's opening speech.
Throughout history, man has surrounded himself with animals. At first, this was caused only by selfish motives: some helped in the hunt, others warned of danger, and still others made hard work easier. However, with the advent of various technologies, the need for this disappeared, but man did not lose interest in animals.
Expressive reading of B. Slutsky’s poem “Horses in the Ocean” and an excerpt from G. Pinyasov’s story “Yesterday’s Man.”
What do the poem and this passage have in common?
How did you feel while listening?
When reading what works have you experienced similar feelings before?
Indeed, many writers have sought to create the image of a four-legged friend in literature. Ahead of us is the study of such wonderful works as “Bite” by L. Andreev, “What Horses Cry About” by F. Abramov, which will allow you to once again be convinced that animals, like people, know how to rejoice, yearn, and worry.
Of course, turning to this topic is not accidental, because it is through the attitude towards animals that a person’s soul is revealed and his moral qualities are revealed. And we can be convinced of this by the example of the wonderful story “Yesterday’s Man” by the talented modern Mordovian writer Grigory Ilyich Pinyasov.
2. Conversation about the biography of the writer.
The name of G. Pinyasov does not appear on the covers of books very often: he is extremely demanding of his creativity.
What did you manage to learn about the life and work of the writer?
G. Pinyasov was born on September 11, 1944 in the village of Mordovskaya Polyana, Zubovo-Polyansky district, in the family of a collective farmer. After graduating from the seven-year school, he entered the Zubovo-Polyanskoye Pedagogical School. After completing his studies, he worked in the editorial office of the newspaper Mokshen Pravda. In 1982, he was approved as editor-in-chief of the Moksha magazine.
A huge amount of material accumulated from life observations and meetings with interesting people was reflected in travel notes, essays, stories published on the pages of the newspapers “Soviet Mordovia”, “Mokshen Prava”, “Young Leninist”.
The best works of G. Pinyasov were translated into Russian and the languages of other peoples of Russia.
- Conversation on the work.
Did you have difficulty reading and comprehending the story “Yesterday's Man”?
Who is the main character of the story? What did you find out about him?
How does his wife feel about his work?
- “Uh-uh, yesterday’s man”! What meaning does the wife put into the definition of “yesterday”?
Does Sergei understand her?
Watch Sergei's behavior at the stable, see how he treats each horse and how the horses treat him?
Prove with the words of the text that Sergei constantly draws a parallel between horses and people.
How do you understand Sergei’s words “such a person is colder than Epiphany frost”?
And what does Sergei himself say about such people?
“But some people’s souls have become coarser”!
Who does Sergei mean?
Fedor is Sergei’s partner, the same groom, but what distinguishes him from Sergei?
Sergei, looking at Fyodor’s “work,” resolutely says: “Go to the construction brigade, as soon as you cut a log, everything will be fine.” Why is he sure that “he shouldn’t be allowed anywhere near horses”?
- Fedor, realizing that he has nothing to object to Sergei, rudely declares: “Well, tell me, who needs your horses now? No one. Soon the horses will be sent to the sausage shop.” How did Sergei change after such words?
“Half the size”
It is no coincidence that after the news that the chairman was calling him, “it was as if a ceiling had descended on him.” With what thoughts does Sergei go to the club?
Were his terrible thoughts confirmed?
Fortunately, no. He was called for an award. The moment of the award ceremony is, of course, the brightest and most solemn in the story. And here the voice of the author sounds very clearly, telling us that Sergei was awarded not only for conscientious thirty years of work.
What else do you think he was awarded for?
He, Sergei, still carefully preserves the spirit of the village so that his descendants can sense it.
Guys, raise your hands, who has grandparents in the village?
Are there many people like Sergei in the countryside now?
Is this problem relevant today?
Unfortunately, Sergei did not have to rejoice for long. As we already know, trouble happened to the horses. The stable caught fire. Why? Who or what caused the fire?
Why does the story end with an ellipsis?
Each of you probably sees the ending of the story differently. What do you think this depends on?
(As the teacher works with the text of the work, the words are attached to the board, but not commented on in any way - LIVING, SOUL, CARELESS, INDIFFERENT)
Write down the given words on the board. The words are arranged as follows:
LIVE
SOUL
SOULLESSNESS
INDIFFERENCE
Draw a line between the words that you would like to separate.
How do these words resonate with the topic of the lesson and the epigraph to it?
Can we say about Sergei that he is “yesterday’s” person?
- Summing up the lesson, grading.
- Homework.
Write a miniature essay on the topic “If the soul screams...”
The main characters of Konstantin Paustovsky’s story “Warm Bread” are a village boy Filka and a horse named Boy. The horse was special, a cavalry horse, he was wounded in the leg and was left in the village, with the miller Pankrat. It was difficult for the old miller to feed his horse, and the horse often wandered around the village in search of food.
One day he came to the house where the boy Filka lived with his grandmother. Filka was eating bread and salt at that moment. He left the house, and the horse reached for bread. But the boy hit the horse on the lips, shouted angrily at him and threw the bread into the snow.
The horse neighed in fear, waved its tail, and at that moment a snowstorm began. The snowstorm was so strong that Filka had difficulty getting home. His grandmother was able to return home only in the evening, when the snowstorm subsided. After the snowstorm, it became sharply cold, and the grandmother was worried that because of the frost there would be famine in the village.
She said that once upon a time there was the same frost, generated by human malice. One man did not want to give bread to a disabled soldier and threw the bread on the floor. The soldier picked up the bread, left the house, whistled and a severe frost fell on the village.
Filka, realizing that his rudeness to the horse had caused the frost, asked his grandmother what to do now? Grandmother said that we should go to the miller Pankrat for advice. That's what Filka did. He came to the miller and told him how rudely he had treated the horse. The miller said that Filka must come up with a way to correct the situation, because the frost froze the water, the mill stopped, and he could not grind flour.
Filka thought and said that he would persuade the guys to go out to the pond with crowbars to break up the ice. This conversation was heard by an old magpie who lived in the miller's outhouse. The magpie flew away somewhere unnoticed.
The next day, the village boys went out to break the ice. Old people also joined them. Everyone worked together, and no one noticed how the warm southern wind began to blow. By evening the ice cracked and water poured onto the mill wheel.
In the evening the magpie also returned. She told the village crows that she flew to the warm sea, where she woke up a warm wind in the mountains and asked him for help. But the crows didn't believe her.
Meanwhile, at the mill, Pankrat was grinding grain into flour. Delighted residents lit the stoves and began baking bread from flour.
In the morning, the village children, led by Filka, came to Pankrat with a loaf of warm bread. They said that Filka wants to make peace with the horse. At first the horse was afraid of Filka, but the miller calmed him down. Then the horse took a piece of bread sprinkled with salt from the boy’s hands and ate it. Then he ate another piece and put his head on Filka’s shoulder as a sign of reconciliation.
This is the summary of the tale.
The main idea of Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread” is that one should not offend the weak. Filka offended the horse, and nature itself took revenge on both him and the villagers by sending in a severe frost. And only the active actions of people and the help of the old magpie helped correct the situation.
The fairy tale teaches us to be kind to both people and animals, and not to offend anyone needlessly.
In the fairy tale, I liked the old magpie, who went on a long flight to ask the warm wind to help people escape from the frost.
What proverbs fit Paustovsky’s fairy tale “Warm Bread”?
When doing evil, do not hope for good.
Take care of your nose in the extreme cold.
Even an old lady can’t live without the edge.
For a great cause - great help.
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