Difficult cases of punctuation. A comma before the conjunction "HOW". Turnover with “how”: when to highlight with commas Before like, a comma is needed
If “as” is used in the meaning of “like” and instead of it you can write another comparative conjunction (“as if”, “exactly”, “as if”, etc.), for example: “The scarlet flag blazed like.”
If demonstrative words (“such”, “so”, “so”, “that”) are used in the main part of the sentence, for example: “Nothing makes a person better than intelligence.”
If the comparative phrase is introduced by the phrase “like and”, for example: “The sister, like everyone else, tried to stand out from the crowd.”
If the comparative phrase is an application, it can be replaced by a subordinate clause with the conjunctions “since”, “since”, “because” or introduced by the conjunction “being”, for example: “As your guardian, I demand obedience and respect”;
If in a comparative conjunction “as” is used in the following combinations: “as an exception”, “as usual”, “as a rule”, “as”, “as before”, “as always”. For example: “As usual, it was full of people, most of whom we saw for the first time.”
If the comparative phrase is the following combinations: “no one else but”; "nothing else but"; “no one else like”; "nothing else but." For example: “Your action was nothing more than an attempt to disgrace me.”
Turnover with “how”: when not to use commas
If the meaning of the phrase represents a circumstance of a manner of action, which could be replaced by the instrumental case of a noun, for example: “Why are you following me like a tail?” - “Why are you following me with your tail?”
Commas are not used if the comparative phrase is a phraseological unit: “as if by chance,” “hungry like a wolf,” “dirty like a pig,” etc.
If the conjunction “as” has the meaning “as”, for example: “He presented me as a wife” - “He presented me as a wife.”
If the comparative phrase in its lexical meaning identifies with someone or equates to someone, for example: “Don’t look at me as if I’m dying (don’t look at me as if I’m dying).”
A comparative phrase with “how” is not separated by commas if it is a nominal part of the predicate, for example: “Father and mother are like strangers to her.”
If the comparative phrase is part of the predicate or is closely related lexically: “She is like the sun of warmth.”
If before the comparative phrase there is a negative particle “not” of the word: “completely”, “at all”, “like”, “exactly”, “almost”, “exactly”, “directly”, etc., for example : “You’re acting just like a child!”
Sources:
- Comparative turnover and turnover with HOW
In order for speech to be expressive and understandable to a person, one has to resort to figurative thinking. This, in turn, gives rise to all sorts of stylistic figures and tropes. One of the common means of expressive language is comparison - a figure of speech aimed at identifying similarities between different phenomena and objects.
Instructions
The comparative phrase is one of the structural ways of using comparison. Usually it is a part in which the object of comparison, the means of comparison and the basis of comparison can be distinguished. Comparative turnover is a means of comparison.
§1. Separate comparative phrases with commas
Comparative phrases are separated by commas. This:
1) comparative phrases with a conjunction such as, for example:
The ice there is smooth, like a mirror.
2) comparative phrases with conjunctions as if, as if, as if, exactly, like, that, than, rather than, for example:
The ice there is smooth, like a mirror.
The ice on the skating rink is smoother than on the river.
3) comparative phrases with the combination like and, for example:
She was beautiful, just like her mother.
4) comparative phrases with combinations: as usual, as usual, as always, as always, as before, as before, as before, as before, as now, as now, as now, as now etc., for example:
I got up, as usual, at six.
5) sentences containing demonstrative pronouns that, such or a pronominal adverb so, for example:
She was as beautiful as her mother.
§2. Turns with a conjunction like - different cases
The question: whether to use commas to highlight a phrase with a conjunction like , arises:
- firstly, because the formal indicator - the conjunction as - is not a sign of comparative turnover.
If you do not have a comparative phrase in front of you, then a comma is not needed.
1) the phrase with how can express adverbial meaning, for example:
You're acting like a little kid.
2) the phrase with how can convey the meaning “as”, for example:
As a mother, I know better what to do.
As a professional, he has no value;
- secondly, there are cases when the conjunction as expresses a comparative meaning, but a comma is not needed because:
1) comparison plays the role of a predicate or is part of a predicate, for example:
For many, the future is a blur.
2) before the conjunction as there are words completely, almost, simply, directly, completely, absolutely, for example:
In December, at six it was already almost as dark as night.
3) before there is a particle not, for example:
You're not acting like a girl: girls don't fight.
4) comparative turnover is expressed in stable combinations, for example:
slender like a poplar, cunning like a fox, cowardly like a hare, spinning like a squirrel in a wheel.
SIMILAR TO,union
Syntactic constructions beginning with the conjunction “likewise” are distinguished by punctuation marks (commas). In this case, the first punctuation mark can be placed either before a compound conjunction or between its parts (before the word “how”). For factors influencing punctuation, see Appendix 3.
Similar to the initial disposition and aversion to a stranger was determined to a greater or lesser extent by his external appearance, and the first sensation of an unknown city (and not only abroad) subjected Nikitin to the trusting power of pushing curiosity... Yu. Bondarev, Bereg. Poetry saturates the heart of the people similar to Myriads of moisture droplets saturate the air over Denmark. K. Paustovsky, Storyteller. But, similar to The golden rose of the old scavenger was intended for the happiness of Suzanne, so our creativity is intended so that the beauty of the earth, the call to fight for happiness, joy and freedom, the breadth of the human heart and the strength of the mind will prevail over the darkness and sparkle like the never-setting sun. K. Paustovsky, Golden Rose.
Like
pretext
The adverbial phrases “like + noun” can be distinguished by punctuation marks (commas). For more information about the factors influencing the placement of punctuation marks, see Appendix 1. ()
I remember only the eyes of her abandoned major, full of melancholy, and it’s like a picture hanging in front of me: morning fog, he’s on a horse, his lifeless, ashen face... an Austrian mill lifts off the ground like the crane, invisible, Sonechka is busy between us. B. Okudzhava, Date with Bonaparte. And in this reigned at once, similar collapse of cosmic silence, In the mountain silence, the she-wolf suddenly clearly heard within herself, or rather inside her womb, living tremors. Ch. Aitmatov, Scaffold.
Dictionary-reference book on punctuation. - M.: Reference and information Internet portal GRAMOTA.RU. V. V. Svintsov, V. M. Pakhomov, I. V. Filatova. 2010 .
Synonyms:See what “similar” is in other dictionaries:
like- Cm … Synonym dictionary
LIKE- LIKELY, adv., meaning. prepositions in dates As well as; in a way like; similar to someone or something. “A man is hardworking like an ant.” Nekrasov. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
like- (Source: “Complete accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak”) ... Forms of words
Like- a thousand live green snakes. And another world flashed before me, Not the beautiful world in which you lived... And life seemed to me a harsh depth With a surface that was light. P.’s works are distinguished by their captivating disorder; there is also mourning in them... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
like- service, used very often 1. If something is similar to something else, then this means that something happens in a similar, similar way to something. Something acts like anesthesia. | Like a radio, the human brain is able to perceive vibrations... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary
like- 1. preposition. to whom to what Just like who, what l. Like other ensembles, they sang in a modern style. 2. see also. just like As if who, what l., in the form of whom, what l. The clouds looked like knights' castles... Dictionary of many expressions
like- like/like Sang like a nightingale... Spelling difficult adverbs
Like- adv. qualities circumstances outdated In the same way; similar, similar. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova
like- @font face (font family: ChurchArial ; src: url(/fonts/ARIAL Church 02.ttf);) span (font size:17px;font weight:normal !important; font family: ChurchArial ,Arial,Serif;) adv. (προσηκον) decently, appropriately... Dictionary of Church Slavonic language
like- under an update (to whom, what), pretext... Russian spelling dictionary
Books
- Like a Star in the Darkness, David Zilberman. David Zilberman was born in Preili (Latvia). His family managed to leave the city before the arrival of German troops in 1941. In the 1960s, while living in Riga, he was an active fighter for the rights of Jews in the USSR,... Buy for 407 rubles
- Like Autumn Leaves Inspiring Stories of Faith and Service, Michalash I.. Presented to your attention is the book Like Autumn Leaves...
If the introductory word can be omitted or rearranged to another place in the sentence without disturbing its structure (usually this happens with conjunctions “and” and “but”), then the conjunction is not included in the introductory construction - a comma needed.
For example: “Firstly, it became dark, and, secondly, everyone was tired.”
If the introductory word cannot be removed or rearranged, then a comma after the conjunction (usually with the conjunction “a”) not placed.
For example: “She simply forgot about this fact, or maybe she never remembered it,” “..., and therefore, …”, “..., and maybe …”, “..., and therefore, …”.
If the introductory word can be removed or rearranged, then a comma needed after the conjunction “a”, since it is not associated with the introductory word.
For example: “She not only didn’t love him, but maybe even despised him.”
If at the beginning of the sentence there is a coordinating conjunction (in the connecting meaning) (“and”, “yes” in the meaning of “and”, “too”, “also”, “and that”, “and that”, “yes and”, “ and also”, etc.), and then an introductory word, then a comma before it need not.
For example: “And really, you shouldn’t have done that”; “And perhaps it was necessary to do something differently”; “And finally, the action of the play is ordered and divided into acts”; “Besides, other circumstances have come to light”; “But of course, everything ended well.”
Happens rarely: if at the beginning of a sentence worth the connecting union, A the introductory construction stands out intonationally, then commas are NEEDED.
For example: “But, to my great chagrin, Shvabrin decisively announced...”; “And, as usual, they remembered only one good thing.”
Always written WITHOUT commas:
Firstly
at first sight
for sure
similarly
More or less
literally
in addition
in the (eventual) end
in the end
as a last resort
best case scenario
Anyway
at the same time
overall
mostly
especially
in some cases
through thick and thin
subsequently
otherwise
as a result
due to this
in this case
in the same time
in this regard
mainly
often
exclusively
at most
meanwhile
just in case
in case of emergency
if possible
as far as possible
still
practically
approximately
with all that
with (all) desire
on occasion
equally
the biggest
at the very least
actually
in addition
to top it off
by the proposal
by decree
by decision
traditionally
A comma is NOT placed at the beginning of a sentence:
“Before... I found myself...”
"Since…"
"Before as…"
"Although…"
"As…"
"In order to…"
"Instead of…"
“Actually...”
"While…"
“Especially since...”
"Nevertheless…"
“Despite the fact that...” (at the same time - separately); There is NO comma before “what”.
"If…"
"After…"
“And...”
« Finally" in the meaning of "finally" - is not separated by commas.
« And this despite the fact that..."- a comma is always placed in the middle of a sentence!
« Based on this, …"- a comma is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
BUT: “He did this based on...” - no comma is used.
« After all, if... then..." - a comma is not placed before "if", since the second part of the double conjunction - "then" - comes next. If there is no “then”, then a comma is placed before “if”!
« Less than two years..." - a comma is not placed before “what”, because this is not a comparison.
Comma before "How" placed only in case of comparison.
« Politicians like Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov...” - a comma is added because there is a noun "policy".
BUT: "… policies such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov…” - there is no comma before “how”.
Commas are not used:
“God forbid”, “God forbid”, “for God’s sake”- not separated by commas, + the word “god” is written with a small letter.
BUT: commas are placed in both directions:
"God bless" in the middle of the sentence it is highlighted with commas on both sides (the word “God” in this case is written with a capital letter) + at the beginning of the sentence - it is highlighted with a comma (on the right side).
"By God"- in these cases, commas are placed on both sides (the word “god” in this case is written with a small letter).
"My God"- separated by commas on both sides; in the middle of the sentence, “God” - with a small letter.
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