There are fogs in London. Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members. The algorithm for completing the task should be like this
Task 15
1.Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to put one comma.
1)Someone was cleaning the mansion and waiting for the owners.
2) Many literary scholars and historians argue again and again about Goethe’s relationship with the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin.
3) From the houses there were rows of trees or bushes or flowers in all directions.
4) In the syntactic structure of the two poetic texts we can find both similarities and differences.
5) Ancient Spanish craftsmen used either stone or brick masonry when building castles.
Answer:____________
2. Place punctuation marks one comma.
1) Life is amazing and beautiful.
2) The struggle taught cunning and caution, vigilance and courage.
3) The road either fell between mountain ridges, then climbed rounded hills, or disappeared into the grass.
4) Everything shines and basks and joyfully reaches for the sun.
5) Good manners and properly developed behavior will bring a person both a good mood and the respect of others.
Answer:____________
3. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) He stopped every minute and only took steps when there was a flash of lightning.
2) The moonlight glittered not only on the glass of the windows but also on the surface of the river.
3) At night the wind gets angry and knocks on the window.
4)Give me a pencil or pen.
5) In college, he was passionate about both the humanities and science and mathematics.
Answer:____________
4. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) The agronomist examined the wheat and pea crops and wrote something down in a notebook.
2) The hero of the day was congratulated not only by employees but also by complete strangers.
3) An anaconda or some other large snake has been here.
4) The boyar gave silver and gold, diamonds and pearls, emeralds and yachts to his little lady.
5) I wanted a lot but didn’t catch anything.
Answer:____________
5. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) I sit alone over a cliff and stroke the kindest dog with incredibly funny yellow manly eyes in their false ferocity.
2) A gray kite with outstretched, moving wingtips flew over the ridge of the mountain.
3) All the furniture in the room consisted of a table, a bed and a stool.
4) On the holiday, someone in the house made jam or baked a cake or cooked something else tasty and always treated the neighbors.
5) Intonation always lies on the border between verbal and non-verbal, said and unsaid.
Answer:____________
6. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Library visitors either study somewhere or dream of studying.
2) The cloud in the north grew and captured the west and east.
3) It is human nature not only to admire the great, but also to strive to surpass it.
4) Larks sang everywhere above and below.
5) In the evenings, children and adults gathered around the table and read aloud.
Answer:____________
7. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Siberia has many peculiarities both in nature and in human customs.
2) Imperceptibly and quickly, an orange stripe of dawn lit up and began to flare up in the sky.
3) The tramp of sailors’ feet and the slight noise of ropes disturbed the silence of the work.
4) Tractors fell into ice or got stuck in hummocks.
Answer:____________
8. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Writing talent will equally manifest itself both in books for adults and in children's literature.
2) Krylov and Dal and Goncharov were officials and did not lose their talents because of this.
3) The magician deceives the audience, but never presents the illusion at face value.
4) I wanted to catch a bear somewhere in a clearing or fishing on the river bank.
5) Ivan was almost always sleepy and lazy.
Answer:____________
9. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) The basis for a beaver's hut is an old stump or hummock or bush at the water's edge.
2) Vasily Petrovich listened reluctantly and almost discourteously to the elderly visitor and even showed impatience.
3) Special wax paints were used both in South America and in Ancient Egypt.
4) The spouses read together or played four hands on the piano.
5) Our shelter is small but calm.
Answer:____________
10. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Neither wounds nor pain nor death frightened this courageous man.
2) Doctrine refers to both a scientific theory and a coherent concept in foreign or domestic policy.
4) In the evening, Vadim went to his room and sat down to re-read the letter and write a response.
5) The spores of cap mushrooms are very small and light and are carried by air flow.
Answer:____________
11. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) The pantry smelled of sea resin, the splash of waves and the rustling of coastal pebbles were heard.
2) My travel companion spoke fluent French and German and English and Spanish.
3) Youth knows no bounds either in adoration or contempt.
4) Guests flocked from all over in droshky on horseback and in carriages and settled comfortably in the numerous rooms of the castle and its outbuildings.
5) Participles are capable of both figuratively describing an object or phenomenon and presenting its characteristic in dynamics.
Answer:____________
12. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) I took a piece of bread and a slice of ham and went back up to the deck.
2) He either amused us with stories or played with us or sang.
3) There are fogs in London, if not every day, then certainly every other day.
4) In autumn, the leaves fell day and night.
5) The radio operator’s face alternately frowned and smiled.
Answer:____________
13. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) E. Broshkevich in the book “The Image of Love” shows us the greatness of Chopin and his human charm and the breadth of his interests.
2) The late uncle was a passionate lover of hound hunting and went with greyhounds to hunt hares, foxes and wolves.
3) We decided to go on an excursion to Pskov or Novgorod, Pavlovsk or Peterhof.
4).Thunder was already roaring both ahead and to the right and to the left.
5) There was no word from him.
Answer:____________
14. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) In the song, a Russian person confesses his fate and is sad and happy.
2) They plan to show works by Levitan or Polenov at the new exhibition.
3) The reddish turrets and gazebos stood out sharply against the background of the dark green trees and bushes.
4) Several answers to questions showed both his erudition and deep intelligence.
5) The snowstorm either pushed us in the back or swooped in from the side and turned us across the street.
Answer:____________
15. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Splashes of water jets warmly refreshed the face, either flew up in a multi-colored sheaf or hung in the air like a gentle rainbow.
2) Winter hit the fields and forests with frost and swirled snow along the roads.
3) The exhibition presented not only paintings but also graphics.
4) The guests did not see the torn notebook, the trembling of hands, or the tears of little Chopin.
5) Khlopusha and Beloborodov did not say a word and looked at each other gloomily.
Answer:____________
16. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) For a schoolchild, it is not so much the moment of retribution that is painful as the anticipation of it.
2) The sky was covered with clouds and then suddenly cleared for a moment.
3) The stars blinking in the sky were reflected on the calm surface of the water.
4) Everywhere in the club on the streets in the houses there were noisy conversations.
5) For many, the books of Dostoevsky or Tolstoy are more interesting than any detective novel.
Answer:____________
17. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Kuprin not only was not seduced by fame, but was even burdened by it.
2) The steppe moved close to the port and the sea and covered the Fisherman’s Settlement with white dust.
3) The hollow water is raging, the noise is dull and drawn-out.
4) He stopped and looked for a long time at the caps of snow on stumps and on fences and on spruce branches.
5) The clouds on the horizon either converged or diverged, or lined up into bizarre castles.
Answer:____________
18. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) She was young and smart and considered it necessary to take the best from life.
2) There is a lot of fussy and funny, businesslike and serious behavior in the starling.
3) Natasha drank the milk and immediately fell asleep on the wide and long bench.
4) Scraps of thread were patiently sorted and tied piece by piece and multi-colored thread was wound onto long spools.
5) In the morning Nikolai was going to get money from the post office to buy some books and visit a friend.
Answer:____________
19. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) The cart got stuck in thick mud and did not move back or forth.
2) Both hare and fox tracks were visible in the snow.
3) It was necessary to ride on dogs or reindeer.
4) The meadow smells of hay and grass and is lulled by the chatter of grasshoppers.
5) It is human nature not only to admire the great, but also to strive to surpass it.
Answer:____________
20. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Such a strong passion for music by Chopin did not fit either with his age, or with the love of fun games characteristic of children, or with his environment.
2) Gushchin plucks up courage and asks a question in a quiet and timid voice.
3) Work on planting garden crops is carried out both in spring and autumn.
4) The tourists made their way among drifts of soft and loose snow and got stuck in thick mud.
5) Music was for Chopin both a form of heartfelt outpouring and a weapon in his struggle.
Answer:____________
21. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Lightning either strikes the ground with a direct blow or blazes on black clouds.
2) Due to drafts, doors and windows opened on their own and slammed shut with an incredible roar.
3) Elephants and rhinoceroses and monkeys took part in this fun performance.
4) Everything was unattractive: the sky and the lake and the cloudy distances and the low island.
5) A strange knock was heard, either on the parquet floor or behind the wall paneling.
Answer:____________
22. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Suddenly behind him there are arrows buzzing and screaming and neighing.
2) Both day and night the trains kept going and going to the west.
3) He came to us from an enchanted distance and took us into the nightingale gardens of his brilliant and sad poetry.
4) After the “Duel,” Kuprin’s fame acquired not only an all-Russian but also a global character.
5) This creature still does not know a shadow of envy or evil intent.
Answer:____________
23. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) In the village, all the village children went fishing on the Volga at the crack of dawn.
2) Golovin was a shepherd, a supplier and a cheese maker on his farm.
3) In Chopin’s playing, already in childhood one could feel both the dexterity of his fingers and the understanding of the meaning and content of even the most empty arietta.
4) Meanwhile, the coachman with the footman and the maid brought baskets and prepared dinner.
5) Pahom grieves but doesn’t know about whom.
Answer:____________
24. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) All days the owners of the villa stayed at home or spent time on the private beach.
2) Neither special blasting nor additional fortifications could stop the snow avalanche.
3) The wheels of the cart either creaked pitifully, or seemed to groan, or shuddered and jumped convulsively.
4) The river meandered like a bright and clean snake and disappeared somewhere behind a hillock.
5) Andersen published 156 fairy tales, varied in both content and artistic form, over thirty-seven years.
Answer:____________
25. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Grigory dressed like this in summer and winter, in the heat and in the cold.
2) F. Chopin's apartments are on highway dיּ Anten and on the Rue Tronchet reminded his French friends of elegant bonbonnieres.
3) We saw thickets of strawberries and wild raspberries and decided to fill our baskets.
4) Human rumor either executes, then has mercy, or crowns.
5) Neither science nor the latest machines nor the best weather will ever help a person working without a soul to grow a good harvest
Answer:____________
26. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) It was uncomfortable in the garden and in the forest and in the house.
2) An artist must be a historian and a poet and a philosopher and an observer.
3) You must be equally honest in both big and small things.
4) Everything around the hut, acacia sunflowers and dry grass, was covered with this rough dust
5) My life in the Belogorsk fortress became not only bearable for me, but also pleasant.
Answer:____________
27. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) He loved nature not only as a contemplator but also as a forester.
2) The whole life of this restless and brilliant writer was a merciless battle with stupidity and meanness.
3) He was neither alive nor dead from fear.
4) The sun rose and flooded the water surface and the drowned forest and people with waves of light and heat.
5) Zoya held the edge of her wide hat with two fingers and looked sideways and back.
Answer:____________
28. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) The first Russian scientist was not a nobleman, but a peasant from the village of Denisovka, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.
2) The ocean walked before my eyes and swayed and thundered and sparkled and went somewhere into infinity.
3) The noble Polish nobility transferred to their only sons both rights and privileges and income from all estates.
4) While his mother was performing musical works, little Chopin either laughed quietly, wrinkled his forehead importantly, or fell into sadness and politely asked to play an even more beautiful melody
5) Insarov read Bersenev his translation of two or three Bulgarian songs and wanted to know his opinion.
Answer:____________
29. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) In the 8th century, most of Europe was part of the empire of Charlemagne, but after his death the empire collapsed.
2) Paintings and vases and small things bore the imprint of sophistication.
3) Both young and old stood up to defend the Motherland.
4) All the furniture in the room consisted of a bed and a table.
5) Smart and handy, but not good for business.
Answer:____________
30. Place punctuation marks . Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which you need to putone comma.
1) Everyone sat down around the spread tablecloth and began to eat pate and other dishes.
2) Roll a stone or climb a tree or stand on a bench.
3) The cycle of natural sciences includes biology, chemistry and physics.
4) The area with its ridges and potholes with forests and clearings had dozens of microclimates.
Answer:____________
Answers
Mark the sentence that requires only one
comma. (There are no punctuation marks in sentences.)
1) I took a piece of bread and a slice of ham and went up again
deck.
2) He either amused us with stories or played with us or sang.
3) There are fogs in London, if not every day then every other day
certainly.
4) In autumn, the leaves fell day and night.
1) The night is getting dark over Taganrog, a “driving” wind is blowing and on the wide piers
The steppe grasses rustle.
2) The steppe moved close to the port and the sea and brought
white dust Fisherman's settlement.
3) The hollow water is raging, the noise is dull and drawn-out.
4) He stopped and looked at the snow caps for a long time
stumps and on fences and on spruce branches.
1) The whole life of this restless and brilliant writer was
a merciless battle with stupidity and meanness.
2) Green began to write and created in his books a world of funny and
brave people.
3) He came to us from the enchanted distance and took us into the nightingales
gardens of their brilliant and sad poetry.
4) After the “Duel,” Kuprin’s fame gained not only
All-Russian but also global in nature.
1) He loved nature not only as a contemplator but also as
forester.
2) There the snow-covered walls sparkled with sparklers
palaces and tin soldiers stood on the clock on one leg.
3) He was neither alive nor dead from fear.
4) The sun rose and flooded the water with waves of light and heat
smooth surface and sunken forest and people.
1) In the harbor, the lights of the lanterns crowded into a multi-colored group and
the match trunks were visible. 2) And there was smoke and battle and death all around.
3) Drops of dew or dew began to glisten on the birch leaves
yesterday's rain.
4) By that time I had become
I visited his house more and more often and got to know his whole family.
1) The waters are beautiful everywhere, both in the south and in the silence of our northern
forests
2) Reddish swamps alternate with rye stubble and
black stripes and bright spots of winter crops.
3) I saw only the tops of the willow tree and the winding edge
opposite bank. 4) Both summer and autumn were rainy.
1) I follow him through fire and water.
2) The snowstorm became stronger and stronger and the snow was dry and
small.
3) We can’t wait for sunny days.
4) Laughter and talking and splashing of bathers can be heard.
1) Bullfinches flew out of the forest and appeared in the gardens and
vegetable gardens
2) Under the birches a gazebo with a flat green dome was visible
and wooden blue columns.
3) The south is gigantic
Plant condenser is the birthplace of heat and human culture.
4) He put it in
a fire of dry grass and brushwood and fanned the flames.
Test 9
1)Summer days in the south
In short, the northern and southern plants there weaken from the light and wither away
From him.
2) Orally and
Thoughts and experiences accumulate and live on in the written word for thousands of years.
People.
3) An exhibition of young people will open in the fall
Rostov artists.
4) Thin layer
transparent paint could convey on the canvas the wet shine of the eyes and
Suddenly flared up
blush and openwork lace.
Test 10
1)During childhood
Chekhov, the whole of Taganrog was covered with fat grain and money and
It was settled by the Greeks and
Italians.
2) Long evenings
I listened to fairy tales and
countless stories of coachmen and
Postmen.
3) He grieves with his groin but doesn’t know about whom.
4) You can’t educate in one word or
re-educate the person
Between homogeneous members connected by single connecting and disjunctive conjunctions, a comma is not placed (After the verb there can be a direct and/or indirect object).
Between homogeneous members connected by adversative conjunctions, a comma is placed (I wanted to come, but I got sick).
A comma is placed between homogeneous members connected by repeating conjunctions: There was no one on the right, nor on the left, nor on the water, nor on the shore (A.P. Gaidar); With strangers I was either shy or self-important (M. Gorky); Up above, behind the ceiling, someone is either moaning or laughing (A.P. Chekhov); ...In your heart there is both pride and direct honor (A.S. Pushkin).
In the literature you can find examples where one performs the function of an intensifying particle, and the second is a single connecting conjunction: It was both summer and autumn rainy (V.A. Zhukovsky); It was light and green all around (I.S. Turgenev).
A comma is not placed if the first two homogeneous members, connected by the union and, form a close group (semantic and intonation), to which, with the help of the same union, a third member is added: He is well built and strong and (also) unusually beautiful.
If homogeneous members not connected by unions are followed by homogeneous members connected by repeating unions, then a comma is placed immediately before the first union: And all around there was smoke, and battle, and death (B.L. Gorbatov); He is blind, stubborn, impatient, frivolous, and arrogant (A.S. Pushkin).
Between two uncommon homogeneous antonyms, connected by repeated conjunctions and constituting a phraseological turn (both old and young, and laughter and grief, neither here nor there, neither end nor end, etc.), a comma is not placed. Between two common homogeneous members, connected by repeating conjunctions and constituting a phraseological unit, a comma is placed (Neither a candle to God, nor a poker to the devil).
If homogeneous members are connected by paired gradational unions, then a comma is placed before the second part of the union: She is not so much beautiful as she is charming. Within gradational conjunctions, not just that... but, not that... but/but there is no comma before that and so (She’s not exactly beautiful, but charming). Before the words although and if, which make up paired gradational conjunctions although... but, if... then, in a simple sentence (unlike a complex one) a comma is not placed (Although she is not beautiful, she is charming. If she is not beautiful, then charming).
There is no comma between homogeneous members connected by single connecting and dividing conjunctions.
The sentry reached the corner and turned back.
I listen and listen and fall asleep.
I only saw the tops of the willow tree, yes
the winding edge of the opposite shore.
Flowers are best cut in the morning or evening.
We will go to the Caucasus or Crimea in the summer.
Now I’ll go to the North or the Far East.
A comma is placed between homogeneous members connected by adversative conjunctions.
Now the sea no longer shone entirely, but only in a few places.
It was light, but dull and gray like autumn.
It looks good, but green.
The days are cloudy, but warm.
Our shelter is small, but calm.
The issue is controversial, but nevertheless important.
The case is exceptional, if not the only one of its kind.
The fog was lifting, but still covered the treetops.
The Tit brought glory, but did not set the sea on fire.
Between homogeneous members connected by repeating conjunctions, as a rule, a comma is placed.
There was admiration, gratitude, and love in this exclamation.
With strangers I was either shy or self-important.
Up above, behind the ceiling, someone is either moaning or laughing.
There is both pride and downright honor in your heart.
Neither sacrifices, nor losses, nor suffering will cool people's love.
From the barrel on the pavement there was clatter, and thunder, and a column of dust.
There was no housing or people on this deserted shore.
If a homogeneous member (homogeneous members not connected by conjunctions) is followed by homogeneous members connected by repeating conjunctions, then a comma is placed immediately before the first conjunction.
The leaves in the field have turned yellow and are spinning and flying.
Other owners have already grown cherries, or lilacs, or jasmine.
They carry flax, linen, and yarn.
Only hollyhocks, marigolds, and twisted panych were blooming here and there in the courtyards.
Lensky was distracted all evening, sometimes silent, then cheerful again.
Between two uncommon homogeneous antonyms, connected by repeated conjunctions and constituting a phraseological turn, a comma is not placed.
I haven't heard from my brother.
Come exactly at six, neither earlier nor later.
The children returned from the forest, neither alive nor dead from fear.
There is no end to this forest.
They offend a good person for no reason!
There were both old and young at the celebration.
They tried this way and that, but didn’t decide anything.
He's kind of lethargic, boring, neither this nor that.
Neither brother is anything like his mother.
If homogeneous members are connected by paired gradational unions, then a comma is placed before the second part of the union.
I have instructions from both the judge and all our friends to reconcile you with your friend.
The work is not so much difficult as it is labor-intensive.
The glow spread not only over the city center, but also far around.
The professor immediately showed me all the necessary tools both for catching butterflies and for laying them out.
The grass lay not only on the window sills, but also on the clay floor, on the table, on the bench.
I thank you not so much for the parcel, but for the memory and attention.
He is not so much smart as he is cunning and dexterous in dealing with his superiors.
As bold as he is with others, he is as timid with Dasha.
Both friends and ill-wishers of the applicant came to his defense.
It's not so hot today, but rather stuffy.
Place punctuation marks. List two sentences that require ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The fruits of this plant are healthy and tasty and have a wonderful aroma.
2) It became unbearably stuffy and I had to open all the windows.
4) The study of the growth of unusual crystals has theoretical, practical and general scientific significance.
5) Ancient Spanish craftsmen used either stone or brick masonry when building castles.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Let's give the correct spelling.
1) The fruits of this plant are healthy and tasty and have a wonderful aroma. Two rows of the same type.
2) It became unbearably stuffy, and I had to open all the windows.
3) From the window one could see the trunks of cherry trees and a piece of the alley.
4) The study of the growth of unusual crystals has theoretical, practical, and general scientific significance.
5) Ancient Spanish craftsmen used either stone or brick masonry when building castles.
One comma is needed:
in the 5th sentence: its homogeneous members are connected by a repeating conjunction or
in the 2nd sentence: it is complex, contains two predicative parts that do not have a common secondary member of the sentence or an introductory word and do not have a common subordinate clause. A comma is needed before the conjunction I.
The correct answer is indicated under numbers 2 and 5.
Answer: 25|52
Relevance: 2016-2017
Difficulty: normal
Codifier section: Punctuation marks in BSC and sentences with homogeneous members
Rule: Task 16. Punctuation marks in BSC and in sentences with homogeneous members, Task 16. Punctuation marks in BSC and in sentences with homogeneous members
Target
Legend:
OC - homogeneous members.
For example:
two rows: two predicates, hit and covered; two additions, gusts and groans.
note:
General scheme: OOO .
Example: yellow, green, red apples.
General scheme: O and/yes/either/or O .
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and red apples.
Example 2: .
Example 3
Example 4
General scheme: O, O and O.
Example: The still life depicts yellow, green and red apples.
AND
AND
General scheme: Oh, and Oh, and Oh.
General scheme: and O, and O, and O.
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow, and green, and red apples.
Example 2: The still life depicts apples.
More complex examples:
Example 3:
Example 4:
Example 5: Houses and trees and sidewalks were covered with snow
note:
Let's look at examples.
Example 1: children and adults and read it aloud. How many rows? Two: children and adults; gathered and read
Example 2: reread letter and write a response.
Scheme: O, a/no/da O
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3: Small spool but precious .
Scheme: O, or O, or O
Example 1:
Than others.
Examples: I have an errand How from the judge So equals And from all our friends.
Green was Not only But It was still And a very subtle psychologist.
Mother not really angry, But I was still unhappy.
There are fogs in London if not every day , That every other day for sure.
He was not so much disappointed , How many
Example1: .
Example 2:
Example 3:
And it snowed and snowed.
If the offer contains heterogeneous definitions
Example:
impersonal part, with a predicate in . For example:
[O Skaz and O Skaz].
Leaves crimson, gold
common minor member.
Example 1: .
in a year
just the beginning of a sentence
Example 2:By evening the wind died down and it started to freeze. What happened By the evening?
Now more complex example 1: On the outskirts of the city comma added
Example 2 a comma is placed.
PUNCTUATION MARKS IN COMPLEX SENTENCES AND IN SENTENCES WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS
This task tests knowledge of two punctograms:
1. Commas in a simple sentence with homogeneous members.
2. Commas in a complex sentence, the parts of which are connected by coordinating conjunctions, in particular, the conjunction I.
Target: Find TWO sentences that require ONE comma in each. Not two, not three (but this happens!) commas, but one. In this case, you need to indicate the numbers of those sentences where the missing comma was PUT, since there are cases when the sentence already has a comma, for example, in an adverbial phrase. We don't count it.
You should not look for commas in various phrases, introductory words and in the IPP: according to the specification in this task, only the three indicated punctograms are checked. If the sentence requires commas for other rules, they will already be placed
The correct answer will be two numbers, from 1 to 5, in any sequence, without commas or spaces, for example: 15, 12, 34.
Legend:
OC - homogeneous members.
SSP is a compound sentence.
The algorithm for completing the task should be like this:
1. Determine the number of bases.
2. If the sentence is simple, then we find ALL rows of homogeneous members in it and turn to the rule.
3. If there are two basics, then this is a complex sentence, and each part is considered separately (see point 2).
Do not forget that homogeneous subjects and predicates create NOT a complex, but a simple complicated sentence.
15.1 PUNCTION MARKS FOR HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS
Homogeneous members of a sentence are those members that answer the same question and relate to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members of a sentence (both main and secondary) are always connected by a coordinating connection, with or without a conjunction.
For example: In “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” S. Aksakov describes with truly poetic inspiration both summer and winter pictures of Russian nature.
In this sentence there is one row of meanings, these are two homogeneous definitions.
One sentence can have several rows of homogeneous members. Yes, in a sentence Soon a heavy downpour hit and covered with the noise of rain streams and gusts of wind, and the groans of the pine forest two rows: two predicates, hit and covered; two additions, gusts and groans.
note: Each row of OCs has its own punctuation rules.
Let's look at various sentence patterns with OP and formulate the rules for placing commas.
15.1.1. A series of homogeneous members connected ONLY by intonation, without conjunctions.
General scheme: OOO .
Rule: if two or more words are connected only by intonation, a comma is placed between them.
Example: The still life depicts yellow, green, red apples.
15.1.2 Two homogeneous members are connected by the union AND, YES (in the meaning of AND), EITHER, OR
General scheme: O and/yes/either/or O .
Rule: if two words are connected by a single conjunction I/DA, no comma is placed between them.
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow and red apples.
Example 2: Everywhere she was greeted cheerfully and friendly.
Example 3: Only you and I will stay in this house.
Example 4: I will cook rice with vegetables or pilaf.
15.1.3 The last OC is joined by the union I.
General scheme: O, O and O.
Rule: If the last homogeneous member is joined by a conjunction and, then a comma is not placed in front of it.
Example: The still life depicts yellow, green and red apples.
15.1.4. There are more than two homogeneous members and a union AND repeated at least twice
Rule: For various combinations of union (clause 15.1.2) and non-union (clause 15.1.1) combinations of homogeneous members of a sentence, the rule is observed: if there are more than two homogeneous members and the union AND is repeated at least twice, then a comma is placed between all homogeneous terms
General scheme: Oh, and Oh, and Oh.
General scheme: and O, and O, and O.
Example 1: The still life depicts yellow, and green, and red apples.
Example 2: The still life depicts and yellow, and green, and red apples.
More complex examples:
Example 3: From the house, from the trees, and from the dovecote, and from the gallery- Long shadows ran far away from everything.
Two unions and, four och. Comma between och.
Example 4: It was sad in the spring air, and in the darkening sky, and in the carriage. Three unions and, three och. Comma between och.
Example 5: Houses and trees and sidewalks were covered with snow. Two unions and, three och. Comma between och.
Please note that there is no comma after the last och, because this is not between the och, but after it.
It is this scheme that is often perceived as erroneous and non-existent; keep this in mind when completing the task.
note: This rule only works if the conjunction AND is repeated in one row, and not in the entire sentence.
Let's look at examples.
Example 1: In the evenings they gathered around the table children and adults and read it aloud. How many rows? Two: children and adults; gathered and read. The conjunction is not repeated in each row, it is used once. Therefore, commas are NOT placed according to rule 15.1.2.
Example 2: In the evening Vadim went to his room and sat down reread letter and write a response. Two rows: left and sat down; I sat down (why? for what purpose?) to re-read and write.
15.1.5 Homogeneous members are connected by the union A, BUT, YES (= but)
Scheme: O, a/no/da O
Rule: If there is a conjunction A, BUT, YES (= but), commas are added.
Example 1: The student writes quickly but sloppily.
Example 2: The baby no longer whimpered, but cried bitterly.
Example 3: Small spool but precious .
15.1.6 With homogeneous members, conjunctions are repeated NO NO; NOT THIS, NOT THAT; THAT, THAT; OR EITHER; OR OR
Scheme: O, or O, or O
Rule: when repeating other conjunctions (except I) twice, neither, nor; not this, not that; this, that; or either; or, or a comma is always used:
Example 1: And the old man walked around the room and either hummed psalms in a low voice or impressively lectured his daughter.
Please note that the sentence also contains homogeneous circumstances and additions, but we do not highlight them for a clearer picture.
There is no comma after the predicate “paced”! But if instead of the union AND THEN, AND THEN there was simply AND, there would be three whole commas (according to rule 15.1.4)
15.1.7. With homogeneous members there are double unions.
Rule: In double conjunctions, a comma is placed before the second part. These are unions of both... and; not only but; not so much... but; how much... so much; although and... but; if not... then; not that... but; not that... but; not only not, but rather... than others.
Examples: I have an errand How from the judge So equals And from all our friends.
Green was Not only a magnificent landscape painter and master of plot, But It was still And a very subtle psychologist.
Mother not really angry, But I was still unhappy.
There are fogs in London if not every day , That every other day for sure.
He was not so much disappointed , How many surprised by the current situation.
Please note that each part of a double conjunction is BEFORE OC, which is very important to take into account when completing task 7 (type “error on homogeneous members”), we have already encountered these conjunctions.
15.1.8. Often homogeneous members are connected in pairs
General scheme: Scheme: O and O, O and O
Rule: When combining minor members of a sentence in pairs, a comma is placed between the pairs (the conjunction AND acts locally, only within groups):
Example1: Alleys planted with lilacs and lindens, elms and poplars led to a wooden stage.
Example 2: The songs were different: about joy and sorrow, the day that has passed and the day to come.
Example 3: Geography books and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild corners of Bulgaria.
15.1.9. They are not homogeneous, therefore they are not separated by commas:
A number of repetitions that have an intensifying connotation are not homogeneous members.
And it snowed and snowed.
Simple complicated predicates are also not homogeneous
That's what he said, I'll go check it out.
Phraseologisms with repeating conjunctions are not homogeneous members
Neither this nor that, neither fish nor meat; neither light nor dawn; neither day nor night
If the offer contains heterogeneous definitions, which stand before the word being explained and characterize one object from different sides, it is impossible to insert a conjunction between them and.
A sleepy golden bumblebee suddenly rose from the depths of the flower.
15.2. PUNCTUATION MARKS IN COMPLEX SENTENCES
Complex sentences are complex sentences in which simple sentences are equal in meaning and are connected by coordinating conjunctions. The parts of a complex sentence are independent of each other and form one semantic whole.
Example: Three times he wintered in Mirny, and each time returning home seemed to him the limit of human happiness.
Depending on the type of coordinating conjunction that connects the parts of the sentence, all complex sentences (CCS) are divided into three main categories:
1) SSP with connecting conjunctions (and; yes in the meaning and; neither..., nor; also; also; not only..., but also; both..., and);
2) BSC with dividing conjunctions (that..., that; not that..., not that; or; either; either..., or);
3) SSP with adversative conjunctions (a, but, yes in the meaning but, however, but, but then, only, the same).
15.2.1 The basic rule for placing a comma in the BSC.
A comma between parts of a complex sentence is placed according to the basic rule, that is, ALWAYS, with the exception of special conditions, which limit the application of this rule. These conditions are discussed in the second part of the rule. In any case, to determine whether a sentence is complex, you need to find its grammatical basis. What to consider when doing this:
a) Not always every simple sentence can have both a subject and a predicate. So, the frequency of sentences with one impersonal part, with a predicate in vague personal proposal. For example: He had a lot of work ahead of him, and he knew it.
Scheme: [is coming], and [he knew].
The doorbell rang and no one moved.
Scheme: [they called], and [no one moved].
b) The subject can be expressed by pronouns, both personal and other categories: I suddenly heard a painfully familiar voice, and it brought me back to life.
Scheme: [I heard], and [it returned]. Don't lose a pronoun as a subject if it duplicates the subject from the first part! These are two sentences, each with its own basis, for example: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests, and he was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.
Scheme: [The artist was familiar], and [he was surprised]. Let's compare with a similar construction in a simple sentence: The artist was well acquainted with all the guests and was a little surprised to see a face unfamiliar to him.[O Skaz and O Skaz].
c) Since a complex sentence consists of two simple ones, it is quite likely that each of them can have homogeneous members in its composition. Commas are placed both according to the rule of homogeneous members and according to the rule of complex sentences. For example: Leaves crimson, gold They fell quietly to the ground, and the wind circled them in the air and threw them up. Sentence pattern: [Leaves fell], and [wind O Skaz and O Skaz].
15.2.2 Special conditions for placing signs in a complex sentence
In a school course of the Russian language, the only condition under which a comma is not placed between parts of a complex sentence is the presence common minor member.
The most difficult thing for students is to understand whether there is common minor clause, which will give the right not to put a comma between parts, or there is none. General means that it relates simultaneously to both the first part and the second. If there is a common member, a comma is not placed between the parts of the BSC. If it exists, then in the second part there cannot be a similar minor member, there is only one, it is at the very beginning of the sentence. Let's consider simple cases:
Example 1: A year later, my daughter went to school and my mother was able to go to work..
Both simple sentences can equally qualify for the time adverbial “in a year.” What's happened in a year? My daughter went to school. Mom was able to go to work.
Moving the common member to the end of the sentence changes the meaning: My daughter went to school, and my mother was able to go to work a year later. And now this minor member is no longer general, but relates only to the second simple sentence. That is why it is so important for us, firstly, the place of the common member, just the beginning of a sentence , and secondly, the general meaning of the sentence.
Example 2:By evening the wind died down and it started to freeze. What happened By the evening? The wind died down. It started to freeze.
Now more complex example 1: On the outskirts of the city the snow had already begun to melt, and it was already quite a spring picture here. There are two circumstances in the sentence, each simple has its own. That's why comma added. There is no common minor member. Thus, the presence of a second minor member of the same type (place, time, purpose) in the second sentence gives the right to insert a comma.
Example 2: By nightfall, my mother’s temperature rose even more, and we did not sleep all night. There is no reason to attribute the adverbial “to the night” to the second part of a complex sentence, therefore a comma is placed.
It should be noted that there are other cases in which a comma is not placed between parts of a complex sentence. These include the presence of a common introductory word, a common subordinate clause, as well as two sentences that are indefinitely personal, impersonal, identical in structure, and exclamatory. But these cases were not included in the Unified State Examination tasks, and they are not presented in manuals and are not studied in the school course.
Homogeneous members of the sentence(major and minor), not connected by conjunctions, are separated by commas.
For example: In the office there were brown velvet armchairs, bookcase (Nab.); After lunch he sat on the balcony, held a book on my knees (Bun.); Cold, emptiness, uninhabited spirit meets the house (Sol.); Shcherbatova told about my childhood, about Dnieper, About how their estate came to life in the spring dried out, old and you(Paust.).
Combinations of verbs like I'll take it and go and have a look. In the first case, this is a designation of one action: I'll take it and go to the forest to pick mushrooms(the first verb is lexically defective); in the second case verb I'll take a look denotes the purpose of an action: I'll go have a look New film.
A comma is not used for homogeneous terms:
1. If homogeneous members are connected by non-repeating single connecting And dividing unions And , or , or , Yes (=and ).
For example: Motor ship became across the river and gave turn it downstream(Spread); Will support is he Uzdechkina or won't support?
(Pan.). It's never too early to ask yourself: business I'm working out or trifles?
(A.P.Ch.) A training of mental strength possible and necessary in any conditions.
2. If homogeneous members are connected by means of a union YES AND
:
For example: I'll take it yes and I'll leave.
3. If the last member of a series of homogeneous members is joined by unions and, yes, or, then a comma is not placed in front of it.
For example: Dense, tall thickets stretch for kilometers daisies, chicory, clover, wild dill, carnations, coltsfoot, dandelions, gentians, plantains, bells, buttercups and dozens other blooming herbs (Paust.).
4. There is no comma in phraseological units with repeated conjunctions and... and, neither... nor (they connect words with opposing meanings): and day and night, and old and young, and laughter and grief, and here and there, and this and that, and here and there, neither two nor one and a half, neither give nor take, neither matchmaker nor brother, neither back nor forth, neither bottom nor tire, neither this nor that, neither stand nor sit, neither alive nor dead, neither yes nor no, neither hearing nor spirit, neither oneself nor people, neither fish nor meat, nor this nor that, neither peahen nor crow, neither shaky nor shaky, neither this nor that etc. The same with paired combinations of words, when there is no third option: and husband and wife, and earth and sky.
A comma is placed for homogeneous terms
1. If there are between homogeneous members adversarial union ah, but, yes (in meaning " But »), however, although, but, however ) and connecting union and also, and even .
For example: The secretary stopped taking notes and secretly cast a surprised glance, but not against the arrested person, but against the procurator (Bulg.); The child was harsh but sweet (P.); Student capable, although lazy; He visited the library on Fridays however not always; Mokeevna had already taken the wicker basket out of the house, however stopped- I decided to look for apples(Shcherb.); The apartment is small, but cozy(gas.); She knows German and French.
2. At pairwise combination of homogeneous members of a sentence a comma is placed between pairs (conjunction And valid only within groups).
For example: Alleys planted lilacs and lindens, elms and poplars, led to the wooden stage(Fed.); The songs were different: about joy and sorrow, the day past and the day to come (Gaych.); Geography books and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances they told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild corners of Bulgaria(Sol.).
In sentences with homogeneous members, it is possible to use the same conjunctions on different grounds (between different members of the sentence or their groups). In this case, when placing punctuation marks, different positions of conjunctions are taken into account.
For example: ...Everywhere she was greeted cheerfully And friendly And assured her that she was good, sweet, rare(Ch.) - in this sentence there are conjunctions And not repeating, but single, connecting pairs of two homogeneous members of a sentence ( fun and friendly; met and assured).
In the example: No one else disturbed the silence of the channels and rivers, no longer picked off cold river lilies with a spoon, and no one admired out loud what is best to admire without words(Paust.) - first And connects the word forms of channels and rivers dependent on the word silence, the second And closes the series of predicates (did not violate, did not break off and did not admire).
Homogeneous members of a sentence, united in pairs, can be included in other, larger groups, which in turn have unions. Commas in such groups are placed taking into account the entire complex unity as a whole, for example, the contrastive relations between groups of homogeneous members of the sentence are taken into account.
For example: Father Christopher, holding a wide-brimmed top hat, to someone bowed and smiled not softly and touchingly, as always, and respectfully and tensely (Ch.).
The different levels of connecting relationships are also taken into account.
For example: In them[bench] you will find calico for shrouds and tar, candy and borax for exterminating cockroaches(M.G.) - here, on the one hand, word forms are combined calico and tar, candy and borax, and on the other hand, these groups, already with the rights of single members, are united by a repeating union And .
Compare the option without pairwise union (with separate design of homogeneous members): ...You will find calico for shrouds, tar, candy, and borax for exterminating cockroaches.
3. Homogeneous members of a sentence, connected repeating conjunctions , if there are more than two ( and... and... and, yes.., yes... yes, neither... nor... nor, or... or... or, li... li... li, either... or... or, either... or... or, then... then... then, not that... not that... not that, either... or ...either ), separated by commas.
For example: It was sad And in the spring air, And in the darkening sky And in the wagon(Ch.); Did not have neither stormy words neither passionate confessions, neither oaths(Paust.); You could see her every day That with a can, That with a bag and That and with a bag and a can together - or in the oil shop, or On the market, or in front of the house gate, or on the stairs(Bulg.).
In the absence of a union And before the first of the listed members of the sentence, the rule is observed: if there are more than two homogeneous members of the sentence and the conjunction and is repeated at least twice, a comma is placed between all homogeneous terms (including before the first And ).
For example: They brought a bouquet of thistles and placed it on the table, and here in front of me fire, and turmoil, and crimson round dance of lights (Sick.); And today the poet’s rhyme - weasel, and slogan, and bayonet, and whip (M.).
One should not confuse the repeated conjunction and and conjunctions and, placed on different bases: It was quiet and dark, and smelled sweetly of herbs (the first stands between the homogeneous parts of the main member of the sentence, and the second joins part of the complex sentence).
When repeating other conjunctions twice, except And , a comma is always used .
For example: Constantly prick my gypsy eyes life is either stupid or merciless (A. Ost.); lady not that barefoot, not that in some transparent... shoes(Bulg.); Early whether, late whether, but I'll come.
Unions either, or are not always repetitive.
Yes, in a sentence And you can’t understand whether Matvey Karev is laughing at his words or at the way the students are looking into his mouth(Fed.) Union whether introduces an explanatory subordinate clause, and a conjunction or connects homogeneous members.
Compare unions either, or as repeating: Going whether rain, or the sun is shining - he doesn’t care; Sees whether he is, or does not see(G.).
4. With homogeneous members of the sentence, in addition to single or repeating conjunctions, they can be used double(comparative) unions, which are divided into two parts, each located at each member of the sentence: both... and, not only... but also, not so much... as, as much as... so much, although and... but, if not... then, not that... but, not that... ah, not only not., but rather... than etc. A comma is always placed before the second part of such conjunctions.
For example: I have an errand How from the judge So equals And from all our friends(G.); Green was Not only a magnificent landscape painter and master of plot, But It was still And a very subtle psychologist(Paust.); They say that in summer Sozopol is flooded with holidaymakers, that is Not really holidaymakers, A vacationers who came to spend their holidays near the Black Sea(Sol.); Mother not really angry, But I was still unhappy(Kav.); There are fogs in London if not every day, That every other day for sure(Gonch.); He was not so much disappointed, How many surprised by the current situation.
A semicolon can be placed between homogeneous members of a sentence (or their groups):
1. If they include introductory words: It turns out that there are subtleties. There must be a fire Firstly, smokeless; Secondly, not very hot; A Thirdly, in complete calm(Sol.).
2. If homogeneous members are common (have dependent words or subordinate clauses related to them): He was respected behind its excellent, aristocratic manners, for the rumors about his victories; for that that he dressed beautifully and always stayed in the best room of the best hotel; for that that he generally dined well, and once even dined with Wellington at Louis Philippe’s; for that that he carried with him everywhere a real silver travel bag and a camp bathtub; for that that he smelled of some extraordinary, surprisingly “noble” perfume; for that that he played whist masterfully and always lost...(T.)
A dash is placed between homogeneous members of the sentence:
1. When omitting an adversative conjunction: People's knowledge of laws is not desirable - it is mandatory(gas.); A tragic voice, no longer flying, no longer ringing - deep, chesty, “Mkhatovsky”(gas.).
2. When there is a conjunction to denote a sharp and unexpected transition from one action or state to another: Then Alexey clenched his teeth, closed his eyes, pulled the boots with all his might with both hands - and immediately lost consciousness(B.P.); ...I always wanted to live in the city - and now I’m ending my life in the village(Ch.).
Homogeneous members of the sentence and their various combinations when dividing a sentence (parcelations) separated by dots .
For example: And then there were long hot months, the wind from the low mountains near Stavropol, smelling of immortelle, the silver crown of the Caucasus Mountains, fights near forest rubble with Chechens, the screech of bullets. Pyatigorsk, strangers with whom you had to treat yourself as friends. And again fleeting Petersburg and the Caucasus, the yellow peaks of Dagestan and the same beloved and saving Pyatigorsk. Short rest, broad ideas and poems, light and soaring to the sky, like clouds over the tops of mountains. And a duel (Paust.).
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