Literature lesson "Glorification of freedom as the main value of life. The role of descriptions of nature in the poem." V. G. Belinsky Implementation of homework The life of Mtsyri in the monastery, the character and dreams of the young novice Mtsyri, education in the monastery

“Bela, Hero of Our Time” - Social and psychological philosophical novel. Tragic confession of a hero. Is evil really that attractive? Everything that happened was painful. I. Annensky, 1955 Pechorin - Anatoly Verbitsky. The story "Taman". The mutiny killed 1,271 people. Decembrist revolt. The main character of a literary work.

“Lermontov the poet” - A family resemblance to the poet was found in the facial features of the person depicted. Four years after the death of her grandson, E.A. died. Arsenyev. On the way to the regiment, Lermontov stopped in Pyatigorsk and was in Stavropol. Martynov quickly walked up to the barrier and fired. At the same time as the poet, V.G. studied at the university. Belinsky, A.I. Herzen, N.P. Ogarev.

“Lermontov biography” - Tower in Sioni. 1837-1838. Cross Mountain. 1837-1838. Beshtau near Zheleznovodsk.1837. The place of Lermontov's duel in Pyatigorsk in our time. Mom - M.M.Arsenyeva. Dad - Yu.P. Lermontov. Memories of the Caucasus. Ruins near the village of Karaagach in Kakheti.1837-1838. Lermontov's bedroom and office. Grandmother – E.A. Arsenyeva.

“Lermontov’s novel” - 1 2 3 4 5 6. After reading the second part: Contempt or hatred for humanity!” (from a letter to his wife). "Fatalist". "Bela." For what purpose does the author use such an unusual arrangement of parts? In the magazine “Domestic Notes” for 1839, “Bela. A.A. Kraevsky suggested the title “One of the Heroes of Our Time.”

“Lessons on Lermontov” - Hello! Pushkin is the daylight, Lermontov is the night luminary of Russian poetry. Green path Answer to question 2. What other Russian poet has a poem with the same title? Red carpet Answer 1 question. We all remember that Lermontov died tragically in a duel. Methodological development of the lesson.

“Lermontov about love” - Ekaterina Bykhovets. The main motives of the cycle: unrequited love, memory, separation, death. “I will not humiliate myself before you...”: Countess, Russian writer. Why exactly Bykhovets? Sushkovsky cycle (1830-1831). The condition of true love is the absence of a beloved. Rostopchina was the sister of Lermontov’s comrade from his boarding years, S.P. Sushkov.

There are a total of 32 presentations in the topic

Subject
Celebrating freedom as the main value of life. The role of descriptions of nature in the poem.

Goals
Educational
Improve skills:

• determine the role of figurative and expressive means of language in a poetic text;
• identify ways to reveal the image of the main character of the poem.

Developmental

• develop text analysis skills, character characteristics;
• analyze the work in the unity of form and content.

Educational

• to cultivate interest in the work of M.Yu. Lermontov
• develop communication skills through group work, create a comfortable environment for the realization of the individual’s capabilities and abilities and a situation of success.
• in an atmosphere of cooperation, to provide conditions for the aesthetic development of students, to consolidate the ability to receive aesthetic pleasure when communicating with a work of art.

Equipment
Reproductions of paintings by M.Yu. Lermontov, illustrations for the poem “Mtsyri”, multimedia projector, Microsoft Power Point presentation.

During the classes:

1. Org. moment
Good afternoon Today we continue to study the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri". The topic of our lesson today “The glorification of freedom as the main value of life. The role of descriptions of nature in the poem." Today in the lesson we will identify ways to reveal the image of the main character of the poem, continue to work on developing the skills of text analysis, characterization of the characters, and I hope that each of you in today's lesson will discover something new in the works of M.Yu. Lermontov .

2. Checking homework
At home, you were asked to compose a short story about Mtsyri’s life in the monastery, about the character and dreams of the main character of the poem. Let's hear what you came up with.

Now let's summarize what you said.
The story “Mtsyri’s life in the monastery.
The character and dreams of a young novice.”
Lermontov does not give a detailed description of the monastic life of Mtsyri. Monastic life meant, first of all, withdrawal from people, from the world, complete renunciation of one’s own personality, “service to God,” expressed in monotonously alternating fasts and prayers. The main condition of life in a monastery is obedience. Anyone who took the monastic vow found himself forever cut off from human society; the monk's return to secular life was prohibited.
Lermontov does not give a detailed description of the monastic life of Mtsyri, however, we understand that for the hero the monastery is a symbol of bondage, a prison with gloomy walls and “stuffy cells.” To remain in the monastery meant for him to forever renounce his homeland and freedom, to be doomed to eternal slavery and loneliness. The author does not reveal the character of the boy who ended up in the monastery: he only depicts his physical weakness and timidity, and then gives a few touches of his behavior, and the personality of the captive highlander emerges clearly. He is hardy, proud, and distrustful, because he sees his enemies in the monks around him; from a very early age he is familiar with the unchildish feelings of loneliness and melancholy. There is also a direct author’s assessment of the boy’s behavior, which enhances the impression - Lermontov speaks of his powerful spirit, inherited from his fathers.

Now let's move on to the topic of our lesson today and start with the characterization of the main character as a hero who glorifies freedom as the main value of life.

3. Learning new material

1. Conversation on issues
Mtsyri - translated from Georgian: non-serving monk, stranger, foreigner, stranger.
- Which interpretation of this word most accurately defines the character of the hero?
(Mtsyri is a “natural man”, living not according to the far-fetched laws of the state that suppress human freedom, but according to the natural laws of nature, allowing a person to open up and realize his aspirations. But the hero is forced to live in captivity, within the walls of a monastery alien to him).
- What was the purpose of the escape? What does it mean for Mtsyri to be free?
(Mtsyri’s idea of ​​freedom is connected with the dream of returning to his homeland. To be free means for him to escape from monastic captivity and return to his native village. The image of an unknown, but desired “wonderful world of anxiety and battles” constantly lived in his soul).

2. Work in groups
Episode Analysis
A) escape from the monastery, an attempt to find a way to his native land.
b) meeting with a Georgian woman
V) fight with leopard
3. Conversation
- Why did Mtsyri run during a thunderstorm without any preparation?
- Why didn’t Mtsyri follow the Georgian woman to the hut, to the free people to whom he had strived all his life?
- Why did Mtsyri fight the leopard? After all, he could have left freely until the leopard sensed him.
(Mtsyri’s feeling of happiness is caused not only by what he saw, but also by what he managed to accomplish. Fleeing from the monastery during a thunderstorm gave him the pleasure of feeling friendship “between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm”; communication with nature brought joy (he “was sigh merrily... the night freshness of those forests"); in a battle with a leopard, he knew the happiness of struggle and the delight of victory; meeting with a Georgian woman caused "sweet melancholy". Mtsyri unites all these experiences with one word - life! .. "What did I do in freedom? // Lived").

- Which episodes of Mtsyri’s three-day wanderings do you consider especially important? Why?
(Mtsyri’s personality and character are reflected in what pictures attract him and how he talks about them. He is struck by the richness of nature, contrasting with the monotony of monastic existence. And in the close attention with which the hero looks at the world, his love for life is felt, to everything beautiful in her, sympathy for all living things).

- What did Mtsyri learn when he found himself free?
(In freedom, Mtsyri’s love for his homeland was revealed with renewed vigor, which for the young man merged with the desire for freedom. In freedom, he learned the “bliss of freedom” and became stronger in his thirst for earthly happiness. After living in freedom for three days, Mtsyri learned that he was brave and fearless. Mtsyri’s feeling of happiness was caused not only by what he saw, but also by what he managed to accomplish. Fleeing from the monastery during a thunderstorm gave me the pleasure of feeling friendship “between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm”; communication with nature brought joy (“it was fun for him to sigh... the night freshness of those forests”); in the battle with the leopard he knew the happiness of struggle and the delight of victory; the meeting with the Georgian woman caused “sweet melancholy.” Mtsyri unites all these experiences with one word - life! (What did I do in freedom - Lived...)

- What does it mean for a hero to live?
(Being in constant search, anxiety, fighting and winning, and most importantly - experiencing the bliss of “holy freedom” - in these experiences the fiery character of Mtsyri is very clearly revealed. Only real life tests a person, revealing his essence).

- Did Mtsyri find answers to the questions “is the earth beautiful”? Why does man live on earth?
(Mtsyri saw nature in its diversity, felt its life, experienced the joy of communicating with it. Yes, the world is beautiful! - this is the meaning of Mtsyri’s story about what he saw. His monologue is a hymn to this world. And the fact that the world is beautiful, full of colors and sounds, full of joy, Mtsyri gives the answer to the second question: why was man created, why does he live. Man was born for freedom, not for prison).

- Landscape paintings, mentions of wind, storm, birds, animals are very important in the poem. What is the role of nature paintings in the work?
(Nature is akin to the hero, and the call of freedom turns out to be irresistible: a fish sings a love song to him “like a brother,” he is ready to embrace the storm, “like a beast,” he is alien to people. And on the contrary, nature is hostile and alien to the monks of the monastery: “Mtsyri runs away at the hour of the night, a terrible hour, // When the thunderstorm frightened you, // When, crowded at the altar, // You lay prostrate on the ground").

The landscape in the poem plays a significant role: it is given in the perception of the hero, which means it becomes a means of characterizing Mtsyri.

- Re-read the description of the morning from chapter 11. What's special about you? What can be said about a person who perceives nature this way?
We read the text from the words “God’s garden bloomed around me...” to the words “I was drowning in it with my eyes and soul // Drowning...”
(The landscape is unusually beautiful, for the hero it is doubly attractive because this is Mtsyri’s first morning in freedom. From this morning his knowledge of the world begins, and the romantically minded young man populates it with fantastic invisible creatures who know the secrets of “heaven and earth.” In the blue and the purity of heaven, the hero is ready to see the "angel of flight". The poetically exalted soul and the desire for freedom allow Mtsyri to compare free life, wild nature with paradise. Before death, this comparison takes on an even more rebellious, rebellious character. Mtsyri is ready for the future after death "paradise and eternity "exchange for the fulfillment of your dreams, for "a few minutes // Between steep and dark rocks").

- Re-read the excerpt from the 6th chapter of the poem “Mtsyri”. Prove that the poet painted a romantic landscape. (Read chapter 6.)
(This is a romantic landscape: every detail of it is extraordinary, exotic, belonging not only to reality (“lush fields... hills... piles of dark rocks”), but also to the realm of dreams, fantasy, the divine (“mountain ranges, bizarre, like dreams ", "smoked like altars"; "through the fog, // In the snow, burning like a diamond, // The gray-haired, unshakable Caucasus...", "secret voice").

- What artistic means did M.Yu. use? Lermontov in the description of the landscape?
(In the description of the landscape, epithets are widely used (lush fields, fresh crowds, stone embraces, secret overnight stay), metaphors (crown of trees, piles of rocks), personifications (thoughts of rocks; gray-haired Caucasus); similes (trees, like brothers in a circular dance; in the snow, burning like a diamond; mountain ranges, bizarre, like dreams; their heights smoked like altars; clouds, like a white caravan of migratory birds).

The visual impressions that the reader receives thanks to these artistic means are enhanced by sound. Alliterations on hissing convey the noise of the forest (lush, overgrown, noisy, fresh); rolling “r”s emphasize the power of rocks and the roar of rolling and falling stones (piles, mountain ranges, smoked like altars), soft sonorous “l” indicate the lightness and tenderness of dreams (flying, distant, far away, easy).

- Why did Mtsyri die? Why, despite the death of the hero, do we not perceive the poem as a gloomy work, full of despair and hopelessness?
(The origins of Mtsyri's tragedy lie in the conditions that surrounded the hero from childhood. The circumstances in which he found himself since childhood deprived him of contact with people, practical experience, knowledge of life, left their mark on him, making him a “prison flower,” and caused the death of the hero. His last wish is to be buried outside the monastery walls, to once again experience the beauty of the world, to see his native Caucasus. This cannot be called reconciliation with the fate and defeat of the hero. The death of Mtsyri cannot be called reconciliation with fate and defeat. Such a defeat is at the same time a victory: life doomed Mtsyri to slavery, humility, loneliness, but he managed to know freedom, experience the happiness of struggle and the joy of merging with the world. Therefore, his death, despite all the tragedy, makes the reader proud of Mtsyri and hatred of the conditions that deprive him of happiness).

4. Fixing the material
Now let's check how you have mastered the content of our lesson today and answer the test questions.

5. Summing up
So, today in the lesson we continued to work on developing text analysis skills, learned to characterize the lyrical hero of the work, identified ways to reveal the image of Mtsyri in the poem, comparing the hero’s lifestyle within the walls of the monastery and in the wild, drew conclusions about the meaning of freedom in Mtsyri’s life, about the role of landscape in the poem.

I would like to acknowledge the excellent work...
Good work…
We didn’t work to the full extent of our abilities... and I hope that in the next lessons you will work more actively.

6. Homework

1. Prepare an expressive memorization of an excerpt from the poem “Mtsyri” ch. 17 – 18.
2. Read the textbook article (pp. 240-243); answer questions (pp. 243-244).

1. Mtsyri’s life in the monastery. The character and dreams of a young novice; 2. What Mtsyri saw and learned during his wanderings. 3. Mtsyri’s personality traits, revealed in three blissful days. 4. Why didn’t Mtsyri reach his homeland? 5. What do you think personal did M. Yu. Lermontov bring into his poem?

What does Mtsyri say about the place where he grew up? (quotes from the text) ü “I grew up in gloomy walls”; ü “The prison left its mark on me...”; ü Mtsyri flees from a “foreign land,” “from stuffy cells.” What should Mtsyri strive for? (quotes from the text) ü “I had one goal in my soul - to go to my native country”; ü Mtsyri runs “into that wonderful world of worries and battles, where people are free like eagles.”

Life in the monastery is impossible for Mtsyri, since it is hostile to his dreams and desires. The demand for freedom, the desire for it is inherent in Mtsyri, but the hero is doomed to loneliness among “strangers” - this is the tragedy of Mtsyri’s fate.

Composition is the construction of a work of art, the structure of combining individual parts into one whole. 1. Introduction (Chapter 1). 2. Life of Mtsyri (Chapter 2). 3. Confession of Mtsyri (from chapters 3 to 26): ü Mtsyri’s life in the monastery; ü a story about three days of freedom; ü death of Mtsyri, his will.

1. Introduction. "Mtsyri" is a romantic poem. 2. Main part. ü Mtsyri lives in a “foreign land” and longs to return to his homeland; ü the hero feels locked in prison, but dreams of freedom; ü he is lonely, but strives for people with whom he would like to overcome dangers. 3. Conclusion. ü Mtsyri is doomed to loneliness among “strangers”. ü The hero’s fate is tragic. Mtsyri explains the tragedy of his path by the meaninglessness of arguing with fate (“But I argued in vain with fate, She laughed at me”), and by the fact that, being brought up in a monastery, he became a stranger to his own - beautiful, native - world (“I have my stamp on me left the prison...")

Romanticism (French romantisme) is a phenomenon of European culture in the XVIII-XX. It is characterized by an affirmation of the intrinsic value of the spiritual and creative life of the individual, the depiction of strong (often rebellious) passions and characters, spiritualized and healing nature.

Epithets ü fiery passion, gloomy walls, blissful days, flaming chest, in cold eternal silence, stormy heart, mighty spirit, terribly pale, living friendship between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm threatening the abyss, an angry shaft, a desperate hand, a mad leap, a terrible death , a mortal battle, and I was terrible, a terrible cry, a terrible dream, a wild will, a powerless and empty heat, a merciless day,” the light noise of footsteps; voice, sweetly free; sweet melancholy, a flower raised in prison - convey the spiritual mood, depth of feelings, their passion, inner impulse, strength and

ü snows burning like diamonds; a scattered village in the shadows, sleepy flowers, magical, strange voices; two saklas as a friendly couple, “greedy embraces” of clouds, a silent world; light, mad horses; wonderful battles, life-giving rays, fresh islands, whispering bushes, the gaze of the fish “sadly tender and deep,” its silvery voice, wonderful dreams, a free stream, the air is so fragrant, a leaf playing in the sun - convey the hero’s poetic perception of the world.

Metaphors ü “The summer heat covered her golden face and chest with a shadow, and the heat breathed from her lips and cheeks. And the darkness of the eyes was so deep. . . » ü “It seemed as if two saklas had grown to the rock like a friendly couple.” ü “And sparks flew from two fires. . . He was an eternal guest of the desert. . ", "My heart suddenly lit up with a thirst for fight and blood. . . Yes, the hand of fate led me in a different direction. . . » ü “The battle has begun.” ü “But the damp cover of the earth will refresh them and death will heal forever.” "Fate. . . Laughed at me!” ü “The day woke up, and the round dance of parting luminaries disappeared in its rays. The misty forest has spoken."

ü “The day woke up, and the round dance of parting luminaries disappeared in its rays. The misty forest has spoken." ü “A vague rumble ran through the valley with the wind. . ", "I caressed a secret plan. . . ". ". . . to take to the grave the longing for the holy homeland, the reproach of deceived hopes. . . ". “It seemed that the ringing was coming from the heart.” ü ". . . The fire of a merciless day burned me,” “its withered leaf curled like a crown of thorns over my brow, and the earth itself breathed fire into my face. Sparks swirled quickly in the heights. . . The world of God slept in a stupor of dull despair in a heavy sleep.” ü ". . . mine is on fire. . . (hand) Know, this flame has lived in my chest since my youth; But now there is no food for him, And he has burned through his prison..."

Personifications ü “Where, merging, the streams of Aragva and Kura make noise, hugging like two sisters.” “The stream, intensified by the thunderstorm, roared, and its noise was like a dull angry hundred voices. Although without words I could understand that conversation, the silent murmur, the eternal argument with the stubborn pile of stones. Sometimes it suddenly died down, sometimes it sounded louder in the silence. . . ". ü “The rainbow outfit of the plants kept traces of heavenly tears, and the curls of the vines curled, flaunting the transparent green leaves between the trees; and the grapes full of them, the likeness of expensive earrings, hung magnificently. . . And again he began to listen attentively to the magical, strange voices; they whispered through the bushes, as if they were talking about the secrets of heaven and earth; and all the voices of nature merged here. . . »

ü “The moon was already shining above, and only one cloud was creeping after it, as if it were its prey, opening its greedy arms.” ü “And the darkness watched the night with a million black eyes through the branches of every bush.” With the help of expanded personifications, an understanding of nature is conveyed, Mtsyri’s complete merging with it. In the nature of the Caucasus, the romantic poet finds the greatness and beauty that human society lacks.

Comparisons ü “Like a chamois of the mountains, timid and wild and weak and flexible, like a reed,” “he was terribly pale and thin and weak, as if he had experienced long labor, illness or hunger.” ü “I saw mountain ranges, whimsical as dreams, when at the hour of dawn they smoked like altars, their heights in the blue sky, and cloud after cloud, leaving their secret lodging for the night, ran towards the east - as if a white caravan of migratory birds from distant countries! , “in the snow, burning like a diamond”, “like a pattern, on it are the teeth of distant mountains.” ü “trees growing all around, rustling in a motley crowd, like brothers in a circular dance” “a prolonged howl, plaintive, like a groan”, “he groaned like a man.”

ü “Intertwined like a pair of snakes” ü “I myself, like an animal, was alien to people and crawled and hid like a snake”, “I was a stranger to them forever, like a steppe animal” - the jackal “screamed and cried like a child”, "he groaned like a man." ü “Like a desert leopard, angry and wild, I flamed, squealed like him, As if I myself was born In a family of leopards and wolves. . . “That terrible cry was born in my chest, As if my tongue had not been accustomed to a different sound since childhood!” “He met death face to face, As a fighter should in battle!”

These comparisons express the power of passion, energy, and the mighty spirit of Mtsyri. A fight with a leopard turns into an awareness of the high value of struggle and courage. With the help of comparisons it is shown as a battle of wild natural forces. And in nature, fair laws are naturally established.

ü For Christians: confession of one’s sins to a priest who absolves sins on behalf of the church and God, church repentance. ü A frank confession of something, a story about one’s innermost thoughts and views. (Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova).

Essay topics: ü The image of Mtsyri in the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov. ü What role do pictures of nature play in revealing the idea of ​​the work? ü Why didn’t Mtsyri find his way to his homeland?

...what a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has!

V.G. Belinsky

1. Implementation of homework

Mtsyri’s life in the monastery, the character and dreams of a young novice

Teacher's comment

Lermontov does not give a detailed description of the monastic life of Mtsyri. Monastic life, first of all, meant withdrawal from people, from the world, complete renunciation of one’s own personality, service to God, expressed primarily in fasting and prayers. The main condition of life in a monastery is obedience. Anyone who took the monastic vow found himself forever cut off from human society, and the monk’s return to life was prohibited.

For the hero, the monastery is a symbol of bondage, a prison with gloomy walls “stuffy cells.” For him, remaining to live in the monastery meant giving up freedom and homeland forever, being doomed to eternal slavery and loneliness (“to be a slave and an orphan”). The author does not reveal the character of the boy who ended up in the monastery, he only depicts his physical weakness and timidity, and then gives a few touches of his behavior - and the personality of the prisoner emerges clearly. He is hardy (he languished without complaints - not even a faint moan escaped from the children's lips), proud, distrustful, because he sees his enemies in the monks around him, and from a very early age he is familiar with the unchildish feelings of loneliness and melancholy. There is also a direct author's assessment of the boy's behavior, which strengthens the impression - Lermontov speaks of his powerful spirit, inherited from his fathers.

What is the purpose of the escape? What does it mean for Mtsyri to be free?

A long time ago I thought

Look at the distant fields

Find out if the earth is beautiful

Find out for freedom or prison

We are born into this world
My burning chest

Press another with longing to the chest

Though unfamiliar, but dear
I lived little and lived in captivity

Such two lives in one,

But only full of anxiety

I would trade it if I could
I have one goal -

Go to your home country -

Had it in my soul.

Conclusion: Mtsyri’s idea of ​​freedom is connected with the dream of returning to his homeland. To be free means for him to escape from monastic captivity and return to his native village. While living in the monastery, the young man did not stop seeing “living dreams”

About loved ones, loved ones and relatives,

About the wild will of the steppes

About light, mad horses,

About alien battles between the rocks

The image of an unknown but desired “wonderful world of anxiety and battle” constantly lived in his soul.
2 Work on the image of Mtsyri (Conversation on the text of the poem)

Lermontov's poem is romantic. Her hero is not like the people around him, he denies their life values, strives for something different. Prove this idea with lines from Mtsyri’s confession.

Mtsyri confesses to the old monk

I knew only the power of thoughts,

One fiery passion:

She lived inside me like a worm

Gnawed out my soul and burned it

She called my dreams

From stuffy cells and prayers

Into that wonderful world of anxiety and battles.

The main passion of the hero is the desire to live fully, in a world of struggle and freedom, outside the walls of the monastery, in his distant beloved homeland.

Work with text

What did Mtsyri see and learn about life during his wanderings?

(Answer in 6, 9-11 chapters)

Mtsyri's personality and character are reflected in what pictures attract him and how he talks about them. He is struck by the richness and diversity of nature, contrasting with the monotony of the monastic environment. And in the close attention with which the hero looks at the world, one can feel his love for life, for everything beautiful in it.

The role of landscape in the poem

The landscape plays a significant role in the poem, especially since it is given in the perception of the hero, which means it becomes a means of characterizing Mtsyri

Re-read the description of the morning from chapter 11. What is special about you? What can be said about a person who perceives nature this way?

(From the words “God’s garden bloomed around me” to the words “I was drowning in it with my eyes and soul”)

The landscape is unusually beautiful; for the hero it is doubly attractive because this is his first morning in freedom. From this morning, his knowledge of the world begins and the romantically minded young man populates it with fantastic invisible creatures who know the secrets of heaven and earth. The hero perceives the blue and purity of heaven unusually, he is ready to see an angel of flight. A poetically exalted soul and the desire for freedom allow Mtsyri to compare free life, wild nature with paradise. Before death, this comparison takes on an even more rebellious, rebellious character. Mtsyri is ready to exchange the “paradise of eternity” for the fulfillment of his dream.

In romantic fiction, an exceptional hero acts in exceptional circumstances. Reread the passage from Chapter 6. Prove that the poet painted a romantic landscape. What artistic means did Lermontov use? (From the words “I saw piles of dark rocks” to the words “gray-haired, unshakable Caucasus”) This landscape, of course, can be called romantic, because every detail of it is unusual, exotic - “mountain ranges are as bizarre as dreams” smoking at dawn, along the banks of a mountain stream - “piles of dark rocks”, snowy mountain peaks hiding in the clouds.

Analysis of artistic techniques

The main artistic techniques in the poem are personification and comparison. It is interesting that the basis of the expanded metaphor-personification about the two banks of a mountain stream is a Russian folk riddle (two brothers look into the water - they will never meet)

Comparisons: the tops of the mountains smoked “like altars”, the snow “burns like a diamond”, the clouds are compared to a caravan of white birds. The landscape is shown through the eyes of the hero and conveys his thoughts and feelings. The first picture is of banks separated by a stream - loneliness, despair. The final one is clouds heading east towards the Caucasus - an irresistible desire for the Motherland.

Did Mtsyri find the answer to the question “is the earth beautiful”? Why does man live on earth?

Mtsyri saw nature in its diversity, felt its life, and experienced the joy of communicating with it. “Yes, the world is beautiful!” - this is the meaning of Mtsyri’s story about what he saw. His monologue is a hymn to this world. And the fact that the world is beautiful, full of colors and sounds, full of joy, gives Mtsyri the answer to the second question: why was man created, why does he live? Man is born for freedom, not for prison - this is the conclusion.
3. Group work

Analysis of episodes where Mtsyri acts.

Mtsyri’s feeling of happiness is caused not only by what he saw, but also by what he managed to accomplish

A) Escape from the monastery, an attempt to find a way to his native land

B) Meeting with a Georgian woman

B) Fight with a leopard

Fleeing from the monastery during a thunderstorm gave him the pleasure of feeling friendship “between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm,” communication with nature brought joy (it was fun to breathe in the night freshness of those forests), in a battle with a leopard he learned the joy of struggle and the delight of victory, the meeting with a Georgian woman caused “ sweet melancholy." Mtsyri unites all these experiences with one word - life. “What I did in freedom: Lived”

What does it mean to live for a hero?

To be in constant search, anxiety, fight and win, and most importantly, experience the bliss of “holy freedom.” In these experiences, Mtsyri’s fiery character is very clearly revealed.

At the beginning of the lesson we already talked about Mtsyri the captive who lived in the monastery. Even then he was a strong and proud young man, obsessed with a “fiery passion” - love for his homeland and freedom. But it is important to note that even then, in the monastery, he himself did not know much about himself, since only real life tests a person and shows what he is.

What did Mtsyri learn about himself when he found himself free?

In freedom, Mtsyri’s love for the Motherland was revealed with renewed vigor, which for the young man merged with the desire for freedom. And if in the monastery the hero only languished with the desire for freedom, then in freedom he learned the “bliss of freedom” and became stronger in his thirst for earthly happiness. Mtsyri learned that he was brave and fearless. Fearlessness, contempt for death, and passionate love of life, thirst for fight and readiness for it are revealed in the battle with the leopard. Mtsyri’s “fiery passion” - love for his homeland makes him purposeful and firm, he refuses the possible happiness of love, overcomes the suffering of hunger, in a desperate impulse tries to pass through the forest for the purpose of “going to his native land.” The death of this dream gives rise to despair in him, but even in a desperate impulse, Mtsyri appears not weak and defenseless, but a proud, brave man, rejecting pity and compassion. Mtsyri is hardy. Tormented by the leopard, he forgets about his wounds and, gathering the rest of his strength, again tries to leave the forest.

What artistic means does the poet use when drawing his hero? Give examples.

Hyperbole: Oh, I'm like a brother

I would be glad to embrace the storm!

I watched with the eyes of a cloud,

I caught lightning with my hand

Metaphors: I fed this passion in the darkness of the night with tears and longing...

I gnawed at the damp breast of the earth...

Comparisons: I myself, like an animal, was alien to people

And crawled and hid like a snake

Epithets: But free youth is strong

And death seemed not scary
Assignment: Find in Belinsky’s article “Lermontov’s Poems” the lines in which the critic talks about the language of the poem, about the meter in which the poem is written.

“It can be said without exaggeration that the poet took colors from the rainbow, rays from the sun, shine from lightning, roar from thunder, roar from the winds - that all of nature itself carried and gave him materials when he wrote this poem.

This is an iambic tetrameter with only masculine endings - it sounds and falls abruptly, like the blow of a sword striking its victim. Its elasticity, energy and sonorous, monotonous fall are in amazing harmony with the concentrated feeling, indestructible strength and tragic situation of the hero of the poem."

Mtsyri is a powerful and fiery nature. The main thing in him is passion and the desire for happiness, impossible for him without freedom and homeland, irreconcilability to life in captivity, fearlessness, courage, bravery and courage. Mtsyri is poetic and youthfully pure in his aspirations.

Why did Mtsyri die? Why, despite the death of the hero, do we not perceive the poem as a gloomy work, full of despair and hopelessness?

The origins of Mtsyri's tragedy lie in the conditions that surrounded the hero from childhood. The circumstances in which he found himself deprived him of connections with people, practical experience, and knowledge of life, making him a “prison flower” and causing the death of the hero. His last wish is to be buried outside the monastery walls, to once again experience the beauty of the world, to see his native Caucasus. This cannot be called reconciliation with the fate and defeat of the hero. Life doomed Mtsyri to slavery, humility, loneliness, but he managed to know freedom, experience the happiness of struggle and the joy of merging with the world.
4 The meaning of the poem

Teacher's word.

The entire poem is a passionate appeal to the struggle for freedom; it calls not to put up with slave conditions of existence, which separate a person from nature, from his native people, from his homeland and doom him to vegetation, to a passive attitude towards life. In the specific historical conditions of the 30s, such a call sounded like a bold challenge to contemporaries, because Mtsyri's feelings and experiences are the feelings and experiences of the poet himself. The poem posed questions to readers about fate and individual rights, about the meaning of existence. The image of Mtsyri forced his contemporaries to abandon indifference and apathy, calling them to see and feel the beauty of the feat. The poem led to the idea of ​​the need to change life, to make it as beautiful as Mtsyri had revealed it to be.

Many people memorized the poem; Belinsky was very fond of the poem.

Student’s message “Our contemporaries about Lermontov’s work” - material in the textbook on p. 158
Homework is to prepare an excerpt from the poem for expressive reading by heart, to prepare for a test on the poem.