Lesson of the country of western and central Africa, Nigeria. Presentation on the topic "African countries. Sudan." Presentation “Countries of Africa”

Africa is the ancestral home of man. The modern population of Africa belongs to three main races : Caucasoid, equatorial and Mongoloid.

Representatives Caucasian The races live mainly in northern Africa. These are the Arab peoples (Algerians, Moroccans, Egyptians, etc.) who speak Arabic, as well as the Berbers who speak the Berber language. They are characterized by dark skin, dark hair and eyes, an elongated skull, a narrow nose and an oval face.

Most of the continent south of the Sahara is inhabited by Negroids, who make up African branch equatorial race. Among Negroids there are significant differences in skin color, height, facial features, and head shape.

Peoples of the equatorial forest zone - pygmies - short in stature (below 150 cm). Their skin color is less dark than that of many other Negroids, their lips are thin, their noses are wide, and they are stocky. Pygmies are forest dwellers.

Bushmen and Hottentots live in the semi-deserts and deserts of South Africa. They are characterized by a yellowish-brown skin color and a wide, flat face, which gives them a resemblance to the Mongoloids. Bushmen, like pygmies, are short in stature, but thin-boned.

Some experts consider the intermediate race Ethiopians . They are distinguished by lighter skin color, but with a reddish tint. In appearance, Ethiopians are closer to the southern branch of the Caucasian race.

African countries.

According to natural conditions and population composition, Africa can be divided into four parts: 1) Northern, 2) Western and Central, 3) Eastern, 4) Southern.

North Africa extends from the Mediterranean Sea and occupies most of the Sahara Desert. According to natural conditions, the subtropical north and the Sahara desert can be distinguished here. Almost the entire population of North Africa is Caucasian.

TO West Africa include that part of the continent that is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean from the south and west, includes part of the Sahara in the north, and extends to Lake Chad in the east. IN Central Africa includes the territory located between the Northern Tropic and 13° S. w. This part of the continent receives the greatest amount of solar heat and moisture, so flora and fauna are especially rich here. This region contains most of the continent's population and about half of Africa's states. The population is unusually diverse, mainly people belonging to the Negroid race. The linguistic composition of the population is varied. The appearance of the peoples is also diverse. Some have very dark skin and curly hair, others are light-skinned. There are also great differences in height. Pygmies live in the equatorial forests of Central Africa.

East Africa located east of the Congo Basin, occupies the high part of the mainland (see Fig. 62). Here are located the large lakes of the continent, the highest point of the continent, the world's grandest faults in the earth's crust, and the longest river in the world originates. Savannas predominate in East Africa. However, due to the wide variety of topography, there are noticeable differences in climate and vegetation. Significant areas here are reserved for nature reserves and national parks.

South Africa occupies a narrow part of the mainland lying south of the watershed of the Congo - Zambezi rivers. The plateau of South Africa in the central part decreases, and in the basin lies the Kalahari semi-desert. Towards the edges the plateau gradually rises, and in the east it turns into the Drakensberg Mountains. In the very south rise the folded and blocky Cape Mountains, younger than the rest of South Africa. Most of South Africa is occupied by savannas.

Countries and capitals.

Goal: to form an idea of ​​the diversity of states located on the continent of Africa; introduce the natural conditions and natural resources of individual states, their climate, topography and human economic activities.

Equipment: political map of Africa, photo booklets or drawings with types of countries, outline maps of Africa,

Digital educational resources: entertaining geography “Dragon”, educational electronic manual “Geography. Our home is Earth. Continents, oceans, peoples and countries”, 7th grade.

Textbook: Geography of continents and oceans. Grade 7. Authors: V.A. Korinskaya, I.V. Dushina, V.A. Shchenev. Bustard, 2005.

Lesson progress

1. Organizational moment.

2. Studying new material.

The teacher’s introductory speech is accompanied by a diagram on the board: “According to natural conditions and population composition, Africa can be divided into four parts: Northern, Western and Central, Eastern, Southern.”

2.1. Laboratory work with contour maps “Determine the geographical location of African regions”, using Figure 62 on page 136 of the textbook.

Acquaintance with the diversity of African countries takes place in groups in 4 blocks, using the electronic educational manual “Geography. Our home is Earth. Continents, oceans, peoples and countries.” Each group studies one block.

1. North African countries ( Mauritania, Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria , Tunisia, Libya, Egypt ).
2. Countries of West and Central Africa(Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Togo. Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Angola, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea).
3. East African countries(Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia. Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi).
4. Southern African countries(Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia , South Africa O. Madagascar, Lesotho).

Students in each group simultaneously fill out the table for the block being studied:

After studying the material in groups of the first composition, students form groups of the second composition. At this stage of the lesson there is VPT– mutual transfer of topics, one of the elements CSR. Each student transfers the information received to a new group, followed by an entry in the table. Thus, each student receives all the information about the 4 blocks of the new lesson topic.

Consolidation of new material.

Using the entertaining geography disk “Dragon”, students consolidate their acquired knowledge in a playful way (game “Rank the countries”, “Guess the country”, “Guess the capital”)

Homework items 31,32, 33, 34.

Geography 7th grade

Lesson topic:African countries

Target: to form an idea of ​​the diversity of states located on the continent of Africa; introduce the natural conditions and natural resources of individual states, their climate, topography and human economic activities.

Equipment: political map of Africa, photo booklets or drawings with types of countries, outline maps of Africa,

Lesson progress

1. Organizational moment.

2. Studying new material.

The teacher’s introductory speech is accompanied by a diagram on the board: “According to natural conditions and population composition, Africa can be divided into four parts: Northern, Western and Central, Eastern, Southern.”

2.1. Laboratory work with contour maps “Determine the geographical location of African regions”, using Figure 62 on page 136 of the textbook.

Acquaintance with the diversity of African countries takes place in groups in 4 blocks, using the electronic educational manual “Geography. Our home is Earth. Continents, oceans, peoples and countries.” Each group studies one block.

1. North African countries- Mauritania, Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt.

2. Countries of West and Central Africa- Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Benin, Ghana, Togo. Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Angola, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea.

3. East African countries- Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia. Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi.

4. Southern African countries- Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia , South Africa,O. Madagascar, Lesotho.

Students in each group simultaneously fill out the table for the block being studied:

After studying the material in groups of the first composition, students form groups of the second composition. At this stage of the lesson there is VPT-interchange of topics, one of the elements CSR. Each student transfers the received information to a new group, followed by an entry in the table. Thus, each student receives all the information about the 4 blocks of the new lesson topic.

Consolidation of new material.

Using entertaining geography, students consolidate their acquired knowledge in a playful way (game “Rank the countries”, “Guess the country”, “Guess the capital”)

Homework items 31,32, 33, 34.

Lesson 29. West and Central Africa. Nigeria

Lesson objectives: introduce the features of the geographical location, nature and population of the region; reveal the specifics of economic activity of the population in individual countries, determined by natural conditions and the colonial past; improve the ability to write descriptions of countries and compare countries.

Teaching aids: geographical maps of Africa (political, physical, economic activities of the population, socio-economic, thematic), educational pictures, screen aids.

Basic ideas and concepts: geographical location, relief, climate types, equatorial forest, savannah, Negroids, pygmies, colony, plantations.

Nomenclature: main countries of the region, their capitals, monuments of world natural and cultural heritage.

Interdisciplinary connections: the colonial past of Africa, the slave trade (history).

Lesson plan (methods, techniques, forms of educational activities)

1. General characteristics of the region

Teacher's explanation. Features of the composition, geographical location, borders of the region, its colonial past, complex composition of the population.

Practical work. Group countries by size of territory, geographic location, natural conditions and wealth, composition and density of population, and by type of economic activity. Use thematic atlas maps.

Conversation. What natural resources do each country in the region have? What agricultural crops and mining products are exported to the world market by countries in the region?

2. Nigeria

Teacher's story. Nigeria – Africa in miniature. The manifestation of geographical zonality in the nature of the country, natural resources, the complex ethnic composition of the population, the diverse, rapidly developing economy of the country.

Practical work. Based on geographical maps and the text of the textbook (§ 27, pp. 111-112), compile a description of individual components of the nature of Nigeria (terrain, climate, waters, natural zones) and economic sectors.

Conversation. How is the population distributed across Nigeria? Why? Where are the country's major cities located? Why?

Exercise. Using the atlas maps, create a brief description of one of the countries in the region (optional)

Consolidation of what has been learned

On what grounds is the region of West and Central Africa distinguished?

By what criteria can countries in the region be grouped?

What natural resources are used in the countries of the region for the development of agriculture, and which ones for the development of industry?

How does the nature of the region affect the lifestyle of the population? Give examples.

What significant events are happening today in West and Central Africa?

Homework ( optional)

Creative tasks ( optional)

Announcements and information for students