The earth is full of mysteries, the obvious and the incredible. Mysteries of the planet earth, which we are still looking for an explanation for. Stone balls in Costa Rica

Planet West For centuries we have looked into this mirror with both hatred and love. And sometimes it even seems to us that we see ourselves in our favorite glass. Why is it so important for us to understand the West? It is appropriate to compare with something similar, and both of our civilizations came from the same Hellenic tunic. Only the West has become

Our planet is a unique invention of the universe, which was formed from cosmic dust approximately 4.5 billion years ago. According to rough estimates, life appeared on it approximately 4.25 billion years ago, i.e. soon after its occurrence. During this time, so many events have happened on Earth that we will be unraveling them for centuries to come.

We have advanced quite far in science, but there are still many mysteries of the planet that scientists still cannot explain.

1. Stone balls in Costa Rica

These stone balls, also called petrospheres, are a real mystery of the planet. Scientists were able to discover about 300 of these balls on the territory of Costa Rica, and no one has yet been able to explain their appearance.

The first balls were found by workers in the 30s of the last century, when local forests were being cut down. Then they succumbed to legends that said that gold could be stored inside such spheres. Many balls were destroyed by human greed, but no one found the precious metal. Scientists had difficulty stopping the destruction of such mysterious historical monuments.

Radiocarbon dating showed that the age of the balls ranged from 200 BC. to 1500 AD Nobody knows their purpose to this day, and it is unlikely that we will find an explanation for this in the future.

2. A network of tunnels under Europe from the Stone Age

Speleologists have discovered thousands of underground tunnels under all of Europe, as well as in Scotland and Turkey. The height of such structures, as a rule, fluctuates around 1 meter, and the width is 60 centimeters. According to preliminary estimates, these tunnels were created back in the Stone Age and their purpose is one of the mysteries of the planet for humanity.

Some scientists suggest that the caves were dug by European tribes of that time to shelter from bad weather and predators, but no one can explain how the people of that time managed to dig such long passages in the rock without proper tools.

3. Mohenjo-Daro, or Mountain of the Dead

In Pakistan, in the Sindh province, there is a large ancient and dead city, the age of which is estimated at 2600 BC. After 900 years, the inhabitants abandoned it. At the moment, Mohenjo-Daro is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and, at the same time, is a mystery of the planet.

For several decades, scientists have been struggling with the main question: how this city died. According to scientists, its end came almost instantly. Its inhabitants could have been exterminated, but how then can we explain the places in the city where the bricks melted from exposure to enormous temperatures? Scientists put forward the most incredible theories, from nuclear bombing to the occurrence of thousands of ball lightning over the city at the same time. We risk never knowing the real answer.

4. Aswan Obelisk

The ancient Egyptians died long ago, but continue to put the whole planet on their ears. In the Egyptian city of Aswan in 1920, archaeologists found a huge obelisk, which the ancient inhabitants carved right into the rock. Its dimensions are impressive: 41.8 meters in length, and its weight could be 1200 tons. For unknown reasons, cutting down the monolith stopped. Scientists suggest that this could have happened due to a spontaneously occurring crack in the structure. The technology of stone processing by the ancient Egyptians still amazes archaeologists to this day.

5. Gate of the Sun

In Bolivia there is the ancient ruined site of Tiwanaku, which dates back to 1500 BC. e. This city is full of mysteries, the solution of which archaeologists have been struggling with for several decades. Near Lake Titicaca there is a strange stone arch, which scientists have dubbed the Gate of the Sun.

If the stone statues of ancient gods in Tiwanaku can be somehow explained, then the Gate, whose size is 3 meters high and 4 meters wide, has baffled archaeologists. They are covered with mysterious inscriptions and drawings, which no one has yet been able to solve.

6. Sacsayhuaman Citadel

This ancient structure is located in Peru and, according to scientists, was used as a temple complex and a fortress for the defense of the local garrison from external threats. It was not difficult for scientists to determine the purpose of Sacsayhuaman, but the method by which the stone blocks were placed on top of each other is one of the mysteries of the planet.

The stone is processed so carefully and accurately that it is impossible to insert even a blade of grass between two blocks. There are no cracks in the temple walls even after centuries.

Scientists still find historical mysteries that they cannot give a logical explanation.

The first stone calendar.

In the Sahara Desert in Egypt lie the oldest known astronomically aligned stones in the world: Nabta. A thousand years before the creation of Stonehenge, people built a stone circle and other structures on the shore of a lake that had long since dried up. More than 6,000 years ago, three-meter-tall stone slabs were dragged for more than a kilometer to create this site. The stones depicted are only part of the entire complex that has survived. Although the Western Egyptian Desert is currently completely dry, it was not so in the past. There is good evidence that there have been several wet cycles in the past (with up to 500mm of rainfall per year). The most recent one dates back to the interglacial period and the start of the last glaciation, which was approximately 130,000 to 70,000 years ago. During this period, the area was a savannah and supported numerous animals such as the extinct bison and large giraffes, antelopes of various species and gazelles. Beginning around the 10th millennium BC, this area of ​​the Nubian Desert began to receive more rainfall, filling the lakes. Early humans may have been attracted to the region by its sources of drinking water. Archaeological finds may indicate that human activity in the area is known from at least somewhere between the 10th and 8th millennium BC.

Chinese line mosaic.

These strange lines are located at the coordinates: 40°27'28.56"N, 93°23'34.42"E. There is not much information available about this "oddity", but a beautiful mosaic of lines does exist, it carved in the desert of Gansu Sheng Province in China. Some records indicate that the "lines" were created in 2004, but nothing officially confirming this assumption seems to have been found. It should be noted that these lines are located near Mogao Cave, which is a World Heritage Site. The lines stretch for a very long distance, and at the same time maintain their proportions, despite the curvature of the rough terrain.

Inexplicable stone doll.

In July 1889, a small human figure was found during a well drilling operation in Boise, Idaho. The find has generated intense scientific interest in the last century. Unmistakably man-made, the “doll” was discovered at a depth of 320 feet, placing it at a time long before the arrival of man in this part of the world. The find has never been disputed, but it has only been said that such a thing is, in principle, impossible.

Iron bolt, 300 million years old.

It was found almost by accident. The expedition of the MAI-Cosmopoisk Center was searching for meteorite fragments in the south of the Kaluga region, in Russia. Dmitry Kurkov decided to examine a seemingly ordinary piece of stone. What he found can change our understanding of earthly and cosmic history. When the dirt was wiped off the stone, on its chip one could clearly see... a bolt that had somehow gotten inside! About a centimeter long. How did he end up there? The bolt with a nut at the end (or - what this thing also looked like - a coil with a rod and two disks) sat tightly. This means that he got inside the stone back in the days when it was only sedimentary rock, bottom clay.

Ancient rocket ship.

This ancient cave painting from Japan dates back to more than 5000 BC.

Moving stones.

No one, not even NASA, has been able to explain this yet. The best thing to do is just watch and marvel at the shifting rocks in this dry lake in Death Valley National Park. The bottom of Racetrack Playa Lake is almost flat, 2.5 km from north to south and 1.25 km from east to west, and is covered with cracked mud. The stones move slowly along the clayey bottom of the lake, as evidenced by the long tracks left behind them. The stones move independently without the help of others, but no one has ever seen or recorded the movement on camera. Similar movements of stones have been recorded in several other places. However, in terms of the number and length of tracks, the dried-up lake Racetrack Playa is unique.

Electricity in the pyramids.

Teotihuacan, Mexico. Large sheets of mica are found embedded in the walls of this ancient Mexican city. The closest place is a quarry where mica is mined, located in Brazil, thousands of kilometers away. Mica is currently used in energy production technology. In this regard, the question arises as to why builders used this mineral in the buildings of their city. Did these ancient architects know some long-forgotten energy sources to use electricity in their cities?

Dog Death

Dog suicide on Overtown Bridge, near Milton, Dumbarton, Scotland. Built in 1859, the Overtown Bridge became famous for a number of unexplained cases in which dogs apparently committed suicide by jumping from it. These incidents were first reported in the 1950s or 1960s, when dogs—usually the long-nosed variety, like collies—were observed to quickly and unexpectedly jump from a bridge and fall fifty feet to their deaths.

Fossil giants

The fossilized Irish giants were discovered in 1895 and measure over 12 feet (3.6 m) tall. The giants were discovered during mining operations in Antrim, Ireland. This image is from the British Strand magazine, December 1895. “Height 12 feet 2 inches, chest 6 feet 6 inches, arm length 4 feet 6 inches. There are six toes on the right foot." The six fingers and toes are reminiscent of some characters from the Bible, where six-fingered giants are described.

Pyramids of Atlantis?

Scientists continue to explore the ruins of megaliths in the so-called Yucatan Canal in the Cuban region. They have been found for many miles along the coast. American archaeologists who discovered this place immediately announced that they had found Atlantis (not for the first time in the history of underwater archaeology). Now the place is sometimes visited by scuba divers to admire the majestic underwater structures. All other interested parties can only enjoy the filming and computer reconstruction of a city buried under water, thousands of years old.

Giants in Nevada

A Nevada Indian legend about 12 foot red giants that lived in the area when they arrived. According to American Indian history, the giants were killed in a cave. During excavations in 1911, this human jaw was discovered. This is what an artificial human jaw looks like next to it. In 1931, two skeletons were found at the bottom of the lake. One of them was 8 feet (2.4 m) high, the other was just under 10 (3 m.).

Inexplicable wedge

This aluminum wedge was found in Romania in 1974, on the banks of the Mures River, near the city of Ayud. It was found at a depth of 11 meters, next to the bones of Mastodon - a giant, elephant-like, extinct animal. The find itself is very reminiscent of the head of a huge hammer. At the archaeological institute of Cluj-Napoca, where the artifact was supposedly sent, it was determined that the metal from which this wedge is made is an aluminum alloy coated with a thick layer of oxide. The alloy contained 12 different elements, and the find was classified as strange, since aluminum was discovered only in 1808, and the age of this artifact, given its presence in the layer along with the remains of an extinct animal, is determined to be approximately 11 thousand years.

"Loladoff's Plate"

The Loladoff Plate is a 12,000-year-old stone dish found in Nepal. It seems that Egypt is not the only place visited by aliens in ancient times. This is clearly demonstrated by the disk-shaped UFO. There is also a drawing on the disk. The character bears a striking resemblance to the aliens known as the Greys.

Pure iron alloy hammer

A puzzling riddle for science is represented by... an ordinary-looking hammer. The metal part of the hammer is 15 centimeters long and about 3 centimeters in diameter. It literally grew into limestone about 140 million years old, and is stored together with a piece of rock. This miracle caught the eye of Mrs. Emma Khan in June 1934 in the rocks near the American town of London, in the state of Texas. The experts who examined the find came to a unanimous conclusion: a hoax. However, further research carried out by various scientific institutions, including the famous Battelle Laboratory (USA), showed that everything is much more complicated. Firstly, the wooden handle on which the hammer is mounted is already petrified on the outside, and completely turned into coal on the inside. This means that its age is also calculated in millions of years. Secondly, specialists at the Metallurgical Institute in Columbus (Ohio) were amazed by the chemical composition of the hammer itself: 96.6% iron, 2.6% chlorine and 0.74% sulfur. No other impurities could be identified. Such pure iron has never been obtained in the entire history of earthly metallurgy. Not a single bubble was found in the metal. The quality of iron, even by modern standards, is exceptionally high and raises many questions, since the content of metals used in the metallurgical industry in the production of various types of steel (such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, tungsten, vanadium) is not detected or molybdenum). There are also no foreign impurities, and the percentage of chlorine is unusually high. It is also surprising that no traces of carbon were found in iron, whereas iron ore from earthly deposits always contains carbon and other impurities. Generally speaking, from a modern point of view, it is not of high quality. But here's the detail: the iron of the “Texas hammer” does not rust! When a piece of rock with an embedded tool was chipped away from the rock in 1934, the metal was severely scratched in one place. And over the past sixty-odd years, not the slightest sign of corrosion has appeared on the scratch... According to Dr. K.E. Buff, director of the Museum of Fossil Antiquities, where this hammer is kept, the find comes from the Early Cretaceous period - from 140 to 65 million years ago . According to the current state of scientific knowledge, humanity learned to make such tools only 10 thousand years ago. Dr. Hans-Joachim Zillmer from Germany, who studied the mysterious find in detail, concludes: “This hammer was made using a technology unknown to us.”

Highest stone processing technologies

The second group of finds that pose mysteries for scientists consists of artifacts created after the currently accepted time of the appearance of man on Earth. But the technologies that were used to create them became known to us relatively recently or are still unknown. The most famous find of this group is a crystal skull found in 1927 in Belize during excavations of the Mayan city of Lubaantum. The skull is carved from a piece of pure quartz and measures 12x18x12 centimeters. In 1970, the skull was analyzed in the Hewlett-Packard laboratory. The results were stunning. The skull was created without respecting the natural crystalline axis, which is impossible in modern crystallography. No metal tools were used when working on the skull. According to restorers, the quartz was first cut with a diamond chisel, after which silica crystalline sand was used for more thorough processing. About three hundred years were spent working on the skull, which can be perceived as an incredible example of patience or recognize the use of high technologies unknown to us. One of the Hewlett-Packard experts said that creating a crystal skull is not a matter of skill, patience and time, but that it is simply impossible.

Fossil nail

However, most often objects found in rocks are similar in appearance to nails and bolts. In the 16th century, the Viceroy of Peru kept in his office a piece of rock in which was firmly held an 18-centimeter steel nail found in a local mine. In 1869, in Nevada, a metal screw 5 centimeters long was found in a piece of feldspar recovered from great depths. Skeptics believe that the appearance of these and many other objects can be explained by natural causes: a special kind of crystallization of mineral solutions and melts, the formation of pyrite rods in the voids between crystals. But pyrite is iron sulfide, and when fractured it is yellow (which is why it is often confused with gold) and has a clearly defined cubic structure. Eyewitnesses of the finds clearly speak of iron nails, sometimes covered with rust, and pyrite formations can more likely be called gold rather than iron. There is also an assumption that the rod-shaped NIOs are the fossilized skeletons of belemnites (invertebrate marine animals that lived at the same time as dinosaurs). But the remains of belemnites are found only in sedimentary rocks and never in bedrock, such as feldspar. In addition, they have a pronounced skeletal shape, and it is impossible to confuse them with something else. It is sometimes claimed that nail-shaped NIOs are molten fragments of meteorites or fulgurites (thunderbolts) produced by lightning striking rocks. However, finding such a fragment or trace left millions of years ago is extremely problematic. While one can still argue about the origin of the nail-shaped NIOs, one can only shrug at some of the finds.

Ancient battery

In 1936, the German scientist Wilhelm König, who worked at the Archaeological Museum of Baghdad, was brought a strange object that was found at the excavations of an ancient Parthian settlement near the Iraqi capital. It was a small clay vase about 15 centimeters high. Inside it was a cylinder made of sheet copper, its base was covered with a cap with a seal, and on top of the cylinder was covered with a layer of resin, which also held an iron rod directed to the center of the cylinder. From all this, Dr. Koenig concluded that in front of him was an electric battery, created almost two thousand years before the discoveries of Galvani and Volta. Egyptologist Arne Eggebrecht made an exact copy of the find, poured wine vinegar into a vase and connected a measuring device that showed a voltage of 0.5 V. Presumably, the ancients used electricity to apply a thin layer of gold to objects.

The largest stone carved by man

The largest of all the stones carved by man is the Lebanon stone. Its weight is 2000 tons. It was intended for Baalbek, which is 2 hours away by car from Beirut. The Baalbek Terrace is built from stone blocks that reach 20 meters in length, 4.5 meters in height and 4 meters in length. These stone blocks weigh up to 2000 tons. The terrace is much older than the Temple of Jupiter located on it. I wonder how ancient people carved, and then transported and built from such stones? And today there are no technical means for moving such cargo.

Mechanism

The Antikythera Mechanism (other spellings: Antikythera, Andythera, Antikythera, Greek: Μηχανισμός των Αντικυθήρων) is a mechanical device discovered in 1902 on a sunken ancient ship near the Greek island of Antikythera ( Greek: Αντικύθηρα). Dating back to approximately 100 BC. e. (possibly before 150 BC). Kept in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. The mechanism contained 37 bronze gears in a wooden case, on which dials with arrows were placed and, according to reconstruction, was used to calculate the movement of celestial bodies. Other devices of similar complexity are unknown in Hellenistic culture. It uses differential gearing, which was previously thought to have been invented no earlier than the 16th century, and has a level of miniaturization and complexity comparable to 18th-century mechanical watches. The approximate dimensions of the assembled mechanism are 33x18x10 cm.

Astronaut figurines from Ecuador

Figurines of ancient astronauts found in Ecuador. Age > 2000 years. In fact, there is a lot of such evidence, if you want, read Erich Von Denikin. He has many books, one of the most famous is “Chariots of the Gods”, it contains both physical evidence and deciphering of cuneiform scripts and so on, in general it’s quite interesting. True, it is contraindicated for ardent believers to read.