Punctuation marks in complex sentences. Repetition of punctuation of a complex sentence Punctuation marks in BSP in which simple sentences do not depend on each other

Assignment: write down the number(s) indicating the commas between the parts complex sentence:

1. In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between:

Varenka stuck a needle into her sewing and turned her head towards the door, (1) it seems, (2) guessing in advance, (3) who should enter. (M. Avdeev)

2. In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

And the ship was getting closer. Black, (1) stocky, (2) like a rock, (3) he still seemed small for this river, (4) lost in its bright plain, (5) although his roar, (6) like a hurricane, (7) shook the cedars on the mountains. (R. Fraerman)

3. In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

At first, Reshetnikov simply looked at the sunset, (1) wondering, (2) how he hadn’t noticed all its beauty before. But soon vague, (3) elusive thoughts floated in an unclear sequence in his head under the low, (4) powerful hum of engines, (5) solemn, (6) like an organ chord. (L. Sobolev)

4. In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

Lieutenant Ogarkov, (1) riding a white horse, (2) overtook the soldiers walking along the road and soon passed a small hill, (3) on the slope of which half-naked people, (4) sweating, (5) were digging a new defensive line. (E. Kazakevich)

5. In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

I had to spend the night in haystacks in October, (1) when the grass at dawn is covered with frost, (2) like salt. I dug a deep hole in the hay, (3) climbed into it and slept all night in a haystack, (4) as if in a locked room. (K. Paustovsky)

6. In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

Olya was slightly shorter than me. She had blond long hair, (1) braided in one thick braid, (2) and gray stern eyes. When Olya smiled, (3) this severity instantly disappeared. (E. Kokovin)

7. In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

And suddenly there was a smell of a cold draft in the hall. The examiners' faces stretched out, (1) some of them winced, (2) and Ulyanov discovered (3) that no one was looking at him anymore. Everyone's gaze turned over his head, (4) to (5) where the entrance to the hall was. (N. Grigoriev)

8. In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

The train was heading in a southwestern direction, (1) there, (2) where the climate is, (3) natural, (4) milder, (5) although winter had not yet given up its positions. (S. Vashentsev)

9. In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

Here, (1) in the servants’ room, (2) I definitely found myself, (3) finally, (3) in my society, (4) instantly found a foothold in myself, (5) decided, (6) that I wouldn’t come here anymore I’ll come, (7) and kissed Aksyusha with all my heart. (M. Prishvin)

10. In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of a complex sentence:

A large sailing ship, (1) that was standing in the roadstead, (2) raised the anchor, (3) set a tiny sail, (4) like a handkerchief, (5) and rushed to the port, (6) through the gate: it could not withstand the weather. (B. Zhitkov)

Exercise: write down the number(s) indicating the commas between the parts compound sentence:

11. .

The goal is distant and unrealistic, (1) but the crime is real; (2) it is terrible and cannot be justified by anything.

12. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) in a complex sentence(s).

When I was at school, (1) and then at the university, it seemed to me (2) that my “adult life” would be in some completely different environment, (3) as if in a different world, (4) and I would be surrounded by completely different people.

13. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts complex offers.

I believe (1) that each person has his own specific mission, (2) but not everyone fulfills this mission.

14. complex offers.

A person is born, (1) and the first care for him is the mother; (2) gradually (after a few days) the father’s care for him comes into direct contact with the child (before the birth of the child, there was already care for him, (3) but it was before to a certain extent “abstract” - (4) parents were preparing for the birth of a child, dreaming about him).

15. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts.

Respect is (1) a strengthening of a Person, (2) and for an individual this is not always pleasant.

16. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts compound sentence.

You avoid communicating with this person, (1) but it turns out that (2) your resentment will turn against you.

17. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between the parts compound sentence.

This is if they “offend” you, (1) but what should you do, (2) when you yourself can offend another?

18. In the sentence below from the text read, all punctuation marks are numbered. Write down all the numbers indicating punctuation marks that separate .

But, (1) like everyone else, (2) the era of the Middle Ages passed, (3) and other times came, (4) completely different ones, (5) and with them the meaning of honor changed.

19. In the given sentence of the read text, the commas are numbered. Write down the number that indicates the punctuation marks separating parts of a compound sentence.

Yes, good manners can be very external, (1) but in general, good manners are created by the experience of many generations and mark the centuries-old desire of people to be better, (2) to live more conveniently and beautifully.

20. In the sentences below of the read text, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas between parts compound sentence.

The Renaissance changed morals and manners, (1) and people began to be interested in art, (2) fashion and each other.

REPETITION.

1. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.

No, (1) I wasn’t offended, (2) but, (3) unfortunately, (4) adults don’t understand anything. You say something accidentally, (5) and they decide...

2. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.

Grandfather too, (1) apparently, (2) has eaten too much, (3) but now for some reason he’s breaking blueberry branches.

That's enough, (4) - I tell my grandfather, (5) - we're full, (6) let's go.

3. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.

True, (1) my mother used to say, (2) that Lyoshka had unusually beautiful eyes and eyelashes. But this is what (3) probably, (4) all mothers say about their children, (5) even if they are freaks.

4. In the sentence below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.

Now, (1) please, (2) a poem, (3) - said Elena Frantsevna

5. In the sentences below from the text, all commas are numbered. Write down all the numbers indicating commas when addressing.

Dima read: “Dear Valya, (1) the teacher wants (2) us to refer to the year. And I’m turning to you, (3) living in that very year!”

6.In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) in the introductory word.

(15) You, (1) my soul, (2) lack spiritual nobility. (16) For example, (3) yesterday you ate, (4) if I’m not mistaken, (5) four servings

ice cream, (6) but didn’t share it with my younger sister.

7. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas when addressing.

A fish swam to him, (1) joined

What do you want, (2) older? (Pushkin).

8. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas when addressing.

Our sovereign, Vladimir Andreevich, (1) I, (2) your old nanny, (3) decided to report to you about Papa’s health. (Pushkin).

9. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas when addressing.

Tsyts, (1) damned, (2) how there is no death for you. (Turgenev).

10.In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) in the introductory word.

(17) The apple tree is Michurinka, (1) the “golden filling” variety, (2) and, (3) of course, (4) it was taken, (5) poor, (6) Kvakin’s choice

11. In the sentences below from the text read, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in introductory words.

They reported (1) that they were very bored. And, (2) probably, (3) they just didn’t realize... Of course, (4) I could write to them about everything

12.In the sentences below, all commas are numbered.

Related information.

Handbook of the Russian language. Punctuation Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

§ 33. Comma between the main and subordinate parts of a complex sentence

1. The subordinate part of a complex sentence is separated or highlighted with commas: While the wife was preparing breakfast,Danilov went out into the garden(Pan.); How long did he sit by the fallen spruce tree?Andrey didn't remember(Bub.); Her shrill, harsh voicethe kind that only exist in the south,crossed the distance, almost without weakening(Paul.); Kapustin promised to reach an agreement with the head of the school,so that he increases Meresyev’s number of sorties,and suggested Alexey create a training program for himself(Floor.); Injecting water can provide direct evidencethat painful influences by themselves are not able to reduce secretion(I.P.); The old man ordered the meat to be cooked for real,so that it looks good(Sem.).

2. A complex sentence may contain an incomplete sentence - in the main part or subordinate clause:

1) incomplete in the main part: Alreadytwoyears we've been married(cf.: We've been married for two years now- simple sentence); It's been a month nowhow he returned from the south(cf.: He's been back from the south for a month now- comma before conjunction How would “tear off” the predicate from the subject); It's been three weeks nowhow are we here(cf.: We've been here for three weeks already - the circumstance of place is expressed by the combination like here); But: It's the third day he's been here - a simple sentence, whereas in the above examples the words in the main part of the sentence were implied: has passed since that time, since that moment;

2) incomplete or close to incomplete in the subordinate clause: It was difficult to understandwhat's the matter;Ready to help,as much as I can;Gradually we learned to understandwhat is what(cf.: You'll understand what's what); People knowwhat they are doing;Come on in,who already has checks;Sit down,where free;Do everythingwhat do you need;Put it downas you wish;Please let me knowwho should;Absolutely everyone scoldedwho cares(with a touch of clarification; cf.: The leaflets are piled up in a heap, they are taken by all and sundry - phraseological phrase meaning “anyone who wants, whoever wants”); Send where necessary; But: Do what you want etc. (see § 41, paragraph 2).

3. If the main part of a complex sentence is inside a subordinate clause (in colloquial style of speech), then comma usually placed only after the main part (and not before it); compare: Farmingit's impossible to sayfor him to do...(G.) - It cannot be said that he would do housework; But these wordsI feel uncomfortable,for you to say...(Hertz.) But I don't feel comfortable for you to say these words.

Words are not separated by commas you see, you know etc. in interrogative and exclamatory sentences like: And you know how good he is!; Do you see what he is doing?(see § 25, paragraph 8).

4. A comma is not placed between the main clause and the subordinate clause that follows it in the following cases:

1) if there is a negative particle before the subordinating conjunction or allied word not: At sea, in motion, sleepingnot when you want, but when you can(Gonch.); Try to find outnot what they have already done, but what they are going to do next;I camenot to interfere with your work, but, on the contrary, to help;Roman generals considered it important to establishnot how many enemy troops are in front of them, but where they are;He knowsnot only where the game is found, but also what varieties live there;

2) if before the subordinating conjunction or allied word there is coordinating conjunction and, or, either etc. (usually repeated): Please noteand what he said, and how he said it;He didn't hearneither how the sister entered the room, nor how she then silently left;I will answer your requestor when the next issue of the newsletter arrives, or when I myself make the necessary inquiries, Wed also with a single union: I didn't imagineand how to get out of this situation;I knowand how it is done;The boy was forgivenand when he didn't listen to anyone, but (with the reverse order of the main and subordinate parts): What was this boy's name?and I don’t remember;

3) if the subordinate clause consists of one allied word (relative pronoun or adverb): I would also like to knowWhy(L.T.); Don't knowWhy,but I didn't understand him(Trif.); He left and didn't sayWhere;He promised to return soon, but did not specifyWhen;Hard to sayWhy;The mother determined the child’s temperature with her lips: she would put them to the forehead and immediately determineHow many;Someone handed the sick man a cup of water, he didn’t even look at who; I will not saywhich,I say - a great misfortune.

A comma is not used even if there are several relative words that act as homogeneous members offers: Don't knowwhy and how,but the letter suddenly disappeared; They'll call- R askwho and why.

If there is a particle with a conjunctive word, then the statement comma optional; compare: I don't remember,What exactly;He finds it difficult to saywhat else;This quote can be found, I even rememberapproximately where.

Given the context, it is possible to set comma and before a single allied word; compare: What should be done? TeachWhat(strengthened logical emphasis of the pronoun). - At one time he whispered something, they could not understand -What?(A.T.) (the placement of a dash emphasizes the meaning of the pronoun and is justified by interrogative intonation).

5. If the subordinating conjunction is preceded by the words especially, in particular, that is, namely, for example, and also, but simply etc. with a connecting meaning, then a comma is not placed after these words (cf. § 24, paragraph 4): Schoolchildren don’t want to study in the spring,especiallywhen the sun is warm and shining brightly; I had to carry out additional research work, Vin particularwhen the experimental testing of the machine’s operation began; The author has the right to receive a portion of the royalties in accordance with the terms of the contract,that iswhen the manuscript is approved by the publisher; The expedition will have to end early under unfavorable conditions, andexactlywhen the rainy season begins; Just in case, have your ID with you,For examplewhen will you receive money by postal order? The graduate student came to Moscow to meet his scientific supervisor, AAlsoto work in the archives.

6. If the subordinating conjunction is preceded by intensifying particles just, only, only, exclusively etc., then comma is placed in front of them contrary to intonation (when reading, there is no pause before them; cf. § 20): Katya left the dining room,justwhen we stepped towards each other through some suitcases(Kav.); I will do this jobonlyif I am free (cf.: ... if only I am free); He arrivedexclusivelyto help me(cf.: He came not only to see me, but also to help me - in merging negative particle Not).

There is no comma after excretory particles here, after all, standing before the subordinating conjunction in the subordinate clause preceding the main one: There’s nothing much to brag about yet,HereOnce we get the job done, then come.

7. If between the main and subordinate parts of a complex sentence there is introductory word, then it stands out commas on a universal basis: He thoughtMaybe,that I don't want to meet him; If there is a demand for anything,Means,there will be a proposal. The assignment of an introductory word in meaning to the main or subordinate part is determined by the conditions of the context; compare: He was angryapparentlybecause his face was excited(the introductory word refers to the main part: an excited person may be a consequence, not a cause, of his condition). - He was in a hurry becauseapparentlythat I was afraid of being late for the meeting(the introductory word refers to the subordinate clause, as evidenced by the dismemberment of the complex subordinating conjunction; see § 34, paragraph 2).

From the book Handbook of the Russian Language. Punctuation author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

SECTION 2 Dash between members of a sentence § 5. Dash between subject and predicate 1. A dash is placed between the subject and predicate in the absence of a connective, if both main members of the sentence are expressed by nouns in the nominative case: Loneliness in creativity -

From the book Balancers and nozzle jigs author Smirnov Sergey Georgievich

SECTION 11 Punctuation marks for phrases that are not subordinate clauses

From book Newest book facts. Volume 1 [Astronomy and astrophysics. Geography and other earth sciences. Biology and Medicine] author

Distance between components Due to the fact that water is still a very weak electrolyte, the distance between the components of the spoon ranges from 0.05 to 0.15 mm, which in practice is comparable to the usual overlay of one sphere on another and slight mixing of one of the

From the book Commanders of Elite SS Units author Zalessky Konstantin Alexandrovich

Over what parts globe and how many times a year is the Sun at its zenith? The sun is at the zenith (the point of the celestial sphere located above the observer's head) only in the region of the globe lying between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Tropics are imaginary

From the book Handbook of Spelling and Stylistics author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

The future belongs to the shock units Felix Steiner At some - admittedly very short - moment in his career, Felix Steiner became the most necessary person for Hitler. It was he who was the last, albeit illusory, hope of the Fuhrer of the Third Reich, who was living his last hours

From the book Handbook of Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Dietmar Elyashevich

XXI. Dash between the members of the sentence § 79. Dash between the subject and the predicate 1. A dash is placed between the subject and the predicate in the absence of a connective, if both main members of the sentence are expressed by nouns in the nominative case, for example: Man is the smith of his own happiness;

From the book Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation. Complete Academic Reference author Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

§ 107. Comma between the main and subordinate clauses The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by a comma, or is separated by commas on both sides if it is inside the main clause, for example: How long he sat by the fallen fir tree, Andrei did not remember...

From the book The Newest Book of Facts. Volume 1. Astronomy and astrophysics. Geography and other earth sciences. Biology and medicine author Kondrashov Anatoly Pavlovich

XXI. DASH BETWEEN SENTENCE MEMBERS § 79. Dash between the subject and the predicate 1. A dash is placed between the subject and the predicate in the absence of a connective, if both main members of the sentence are expressed by nouns in the nominative case, for example: Moscow is the capital of Russia. Place

From the book Mythology of the British Isles author Korolev Konstantin

§ 107. Comma between the main and subordinate clauses The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by a comma or separated by commas on both sides if it is inside the main clause, for example: When we crossed East Prussia, I saw the columns

From the author's book

PUNCIPATION MARKS AT THE END AND AT THE BEGINNING OF SENTENCES. ENDING SIGNS IN THE MIDDLE OF A SENTENCE Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence § 1. Depending on the purpose of the message, the presence or absence of emotional overtones of the statement, a period is placed at the end of the sentence

From the author's book

Sentence end marks within a sentence § 5. When semantically emphasizing individual members of an interrogative or exclamation sentence, punctuation marks are placed after each of the members, which are formalized as an independent syntactic unit, i.e.

From the author's book

DASH BETWEEN THE MEMBERS OF THE SENTENCE Dash between the subject and the predicate § 10. Between the subject and the nominal predicate, a dash is placed in place of the missing connective if the subject and predicate are expressed by nouns in the nominative case: Outbuilding near the house on Sadovaya street

From the author's book

End-of-sentence marks within a sentence: question and exclamation marks when semantically emphasizing individual members of an interrogative or exclamation sentence § 5 when included in an insert § 6 when replacing an insert § 6, § 7 ellipsis when transferred

From the author's book

Dash as a function of highlighting between members of a sentence to emphasize their meaning for stylistic purposes § 21, paragraphs. 12;

From the author's book

Chapter 10 HALLOWEEN: BETWEEN WORLDS, BETWEEN TIMES Samhain. - Christianization of pagan holidays. - Day of Another World. - Witches. - Bonfires of the Druids. - “Burning the Witch.” - Dressing up. - Games and entertainment. - Enchantment and fortune telling. - Recipes. In the middle of the table is a pumpkin: top

Punctuation analysis. Punctuation marks in compound and complex sentences

Russian language grade 9 | ID: 6414 | Date: 12/6/2015

Question No. 1

Passing by the ill-fated place, (1) from which his suffering yesterday began, (2) Tema saw a flower, (3) lying overturned on the ground.

Enter your answer:

Question No. 2

In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of the complex sentence:
When the ship left the shore and turned around, (1) the pilot went down to his cabin, (2) opened the porthole and for the last time looked around the city, (3) lying like an amphitheater over the bay.

Enter your answer:

Question No. 3

In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of the complex sentence:
I have only ever heard such a friendly clatter of hundreds of feet in the theater, (1) when the audience, (2) knocking each other over, (3) rushed to the wardrobe.

Enter your answer:

Question No. 4

The lake near the shores was covered with heaps of yellow leaves. There were so many of them, (1) that we could not fish. The fishing lines lay on the leaves and did not sink. We had to take an old boat out to the middle of the lake, (2) where the water lilies were blooming and the blue water seemed black, (3) like tar.

Enter your answer:

Question No. 5

In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of the complex sentence:
Chipmunks were whistling from all sides, (1) the dew did not dry on the lingonberries until noon, (2) on the mossy boulders, (3) and such a red flower bloomed on these stones, (4) as if small fires were burning among the moss.

Enter your answer:

Question No. 6

In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of the complex sentence:
The gray, (1) frozen autumn-like water, (2) the water, already covered in fog, did not reflect high stars, (3) bushes on the shore, (4) from where machine guns were firing all night, (5) stood hidden, (6) motionless.

Enter your answer:

Question No. 7

In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of the complex sentence:
On a July afternoon, along a path (1) cut along the shore, (2) a horseman was hastily riding with a gun thrown behind his back. At one of the turns in the path, he stood, (3) lowered the reins and, (4) squinting his eyes, (5) looked carefully at the river bathed in the midday sun, (6) as if waiting, (7) if someone would appear on it from behind sharp turn.

Enter your answer:

Question No. 8

In the sentence below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of the complex sentence:
And so the gymnast hangs upside down, (1) and his partner deftly slides off the rocket and at some moment catches his hands, (2) puts palm in palm, (3) to spin under the dome, (4) squeeze and unclench, (5) like a spring, (6) casting light, (7) swift shadows on the walls, (8) sometimes causing dead silence, (9) sometimes a sigh of relief, (10) sometimes wild applause.

Enter your answer:

Question No. 9

In the text below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number(s) indicating the comma(s) between parts of the complex sentence:
The director and three assistants took hold of the handles and carried the suitcase to the second floor. Rising behind them, (1) the professor looked with pleasure at the bluish walls of the living room, (2) the comfortable furniture, (3) the small desk next to the wide one, (4) the entire wall, (5) the windows. He felt (6) that the room smelled of pine forest, (7) and smiled.

1. Complex sentence.

Complex is a sentence that has two or more independent grammatical stems connected by coordinating conjunctions.

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence.

A comma is placed between parts complex sentence, connected by unions:
1. connecting ( and, yes in meaning and, neither... nor);
2. adversative ( ah, but, yes in meaning but, however, on the other hand, otherwise, not);
3. dividing ( or, either, whether... whether, then... that, not those... not that);
4. connecting ( yes, yes and, too, also);
5. explanatory ( that is, namely).
If parts of a complex sentence are significantly common or have commas inside them, then between them a semicolon is added(before unions But And Yes meaning "and" only when they connect parts that would otherwise be separated by a point): Almost every evening later they went somewhere out of town to Oreanda or to a waterfall; And the walk was a success, the impressions were invariably beautiful and majestic each time (H), I only had blue paint, But, despite this, I decided to draw a hunt (L. T), I thought he started crying, A I must tell you that Azamat was a stubborn boy, and nothing could make him cry, even when he was younger (L.)
If in second part compound sentence contains an unexpected addition or sharp contrast to the first part, then between them a dash is placed instead of a comma: Deft and strong blows with sledgehammers on the barrels of machine guns - and the Nazis can no longer shoot (V. Stavsky). I rush there - and the whole city is already there (P.)

Comma before unions oh yeah(meaning "and"), or, or in a compound sentence not placed:
1. common minor member (In such a storm the wolf does not prowl and the bear does not crawl out of the den);
2. if parts of a complex sentence have (When the thunderstorm started, the game stopped and the children rushed to run home);
3. between two nominal proposals (Walk in the forest and boating);
4. between two interrogative proposals (What time is it now and how much time is left before the train leaves?).
There is no comma between two impersonal proposals that have synonymous words as part of predicates (You need to rewrite the work and explain the mistakes made in it).
A comma is placed between parts of a complex sentence that have common minor member or general subordinate clause , if these parts are connected repeating conjunction (Heavy trucks were moving along the streets, cars were rushing, and pedestrians were hurrying along).
If the parts of the sentence are not connected by a repeating conjunction, but have a common member, then a comma between them not placed: The eyes sparkled on the pale face and the nose stretched out.

2. Complex sentence.

Difficult to subordinate a sentence is a complex sentence that contains main part And dependent(subordinate clause). The parts of such a sentence are interconnected subordinating conjunctions or allied words.

Punctuation marks in complex sentences.

Subordinate clause separated from the main one comma or separated by commas on both sides, if located inside the main.
Sometimes, with intonational emphasis, explanatory clauses (as well as conditional ones with the conjunction whether), standing before the main clause, are separated from it not by a comma, but dash: He who is cheerful laughs (L.-K.); As the teacher said, I listened for a long time at the window (Plsch.); Of course, it’s good that he’s getting married to her, but who knows how they’ll live (M. G.); Whether a plowman sings a song in the distance, the long song touches the heart; Will the forest begin - pine and aspen (N.)(in the last example in the second part there is an incomplete sentence).
In rare cases, a subordinating conjunction is preceded by colon: this occurs when in the previous part of a complex sentence contains a special warning about further clarification(you can insert the words here "namely"): Hadji Murat sat next to him in the room and, although he did not understand what they were saying, he understood, however, what he needed to understand: that they were arguing about him and that his departure from Shamil was a matter of great importance for the Russians.. (L T .)
When a subordinate clause is connected to the main clause using complex subordinating conjunction (because, in view of the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, because of that, so that, instead of, in order to, so that, after, while, since like, etc.), That the comma is placed once:
1. before the union, if the subordinate clause follows the main clause: We sat on the corner of the bastion, so we could see everything in both directions (L.);
2. after the entire subordinate clause, if it precedes the main thing: As I spoke, he came to his senses (M. G.)
Note. Depending on the meaning, a complex conjunction can break up into two parts: the first part will be part of the main sentence as a relative word, and the second will serve as a conjunction; in such cases a comma is placed only before the second part of a complex conjunction: He lost weight overnight so that only skin and bones remained (L. T.); Grandfather ordered not to wake up Tanyusha until she wakes up (Ax.). Complex unions then, as if, even if, only when don't break.
If a subordinating conjunction or relative word is preceded by negation "Not" or repeating coordinating conjunction oh, or, or and so on., then the subordinate clause not separated from main comma: What matters is not what he said, but how he said it; It was noisy both when the children played in the yard and when they gathered in the dining room(a comma is placed between subordinate clauses in such cases).
They are not subordinate clauses and do not separate That's why comma irreducible expressions at any cost, as if nothing had happened, whatever it takes, whatever it takes and so on.
Subordinate clause, consisting of only one relative word, no comma separated: He was offended, but he said why.

3. Difficult non-union proposal.

A non-union complex sentence is a sentence in which its constituent parts ( simple sentences) are interconnected in meaning, intonation, and the order of the parts. Between the parts of such a sentence no unions.

Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence.

Comma and semicolon in a non-union complex sentence

Between independent sentences combined into one complex non-union sentence, a comma is added, if such proposals are closely related in meaning: The deep darkness in the sky was thinning, day fell on the dark valley, dawn rose (P.).
If parts of a non-union complex sentence distant from each other by meaning or are very common and have commas inside them, then between them a semicolon is added: At the gate I saw an old cast-iron cannon; the streets were cramped and crooked, the huts were low and mostly covered with thatch (P.); It was already evening; the sun disappeared behind a small aspen grove that lay half a mile from the garden; its shadow stretched endlessly across the motionless fields (T.).
If a non-union complex sentence falls apart(groups of sentences), meaningfully distant from each other, then between them a semicolon is added, and within these parts simple sentences are separated by a comma: The forest smell intensifies, there is a slight whiff of warm dampness; the wind that has taken off near you freezes (T.); The pale gray sky became lighter, colder, and bluer; the stars blinked with faint light and then disappeared; the ground became damp, the leaves began to sweat, in some places living sounds and voices began to be heard (T.).

A colon in a non-union complex sentence is placed:

If the second part (one or more sentences) explains, reveals the content of what is said in the first part (you can insert words between both parts "namely"): I was not mistaken: the old man did not refuse the offered glass. (P.) Here a rather interesting picture opened up: a wide hut, the roof of which rested on two sooty pillars, was full of people (L.);
If in the first sentence using verbs see, watch, hear, know, feel etc. a warning is given that what will follow is a statement of some fact or some description: I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor (P.); Pavel feels: someone’s fingers are touching his arm above the elbow (N.O.).
1. Sometimes these verbs are omitted: He thought, sniffed: it smells like honey (Ch.)(missing: and felt that).
2. If the first sentence is pronounced without a hint of warning, then a comma is placed instead of a colon: I hear the earth tremble (N.).
If the second part indicates the basis, the reason for what is said in the first part (you can insert a conjunction between both parts because): They were silent the whole way to the farm: the bumpy ride made it difficult to talk (Ch.).

In these cases, most often the main part of the statement (corresponding to the main clause in complex sentences) is contained in the first part of the non-union complex sentence, and in the second part (corresponding to the subordinate clause in complex sentences) an explanation is provided, revealing the content of the first part.

A dash in a non-union complex sentence is placed:

If the second part contains an unexpected addition, an indication of a rapid change of events: Suddenly men with axes appeared - the forest rang, groaned, crackled (N.); Ignat pulled the trigger - the gun misfired (Ch.);
If the second part contains sharp contrast in relation to the first part: The oak is holding on - the reed has fallen to the ground (Kr.); They mowed a mile - they mowed a penny (M. G.);
If the second part contains consequence, conclusion from what is said in the first part: Praise is tempting - how can you not want it? (Kr.);
If in the first part the time of the action is indicated, which is discussed in the second part (you can add the union When): They plow the arable land - they don’t wave their hands (ate); The forest is being cut down - the chips are flying (ate);
If the first part means condition for performing an action, which is discussed in the second part (you can add the union If): If you like to ride, you also like to carry sleds(last); Lying on the stove - no workdays to be seen(last);
If one part contains comparison with what is said in another: Says a word - the nightingale sings (L.).

A dash is placed also in cases where The second part a non-conjunctive complex sentence is incomplete sentence : (I thought it was a wolf).

Complex sentence- this is a type of complex sentence in which the main clause and the subordinate clause(s) are interconnected by a subordinate relationship, that is, the subordinate clause or subordinate clauses answer the main questions:

I went outside as soon as (when?) I heard the sirens wailing.

Punctuation marks in complex sentences.

Subordinate clauses in complex subordinate clauses are separated by commas, if it is inside the main clause or one comma, if it is before or after the main clause:

As soon as it was light, we set off. We set off as soon as it was light. As soon as it was dawn, we immediately set off.

Sometimes A colon is placed between the main clause and the subordinate clause. This is acceptable in cases where there is a special warning in the main clause that there will be an explanation in the subordinate clause. In such cases, in place of the colon you can put the words "namely":

The light turned on in the room and she saw what she wanted: in the corner, curled up in a ball, a little boy was sleeping.

Dash in a complex sentence also placed in rare cases. this happens when there is a need to emphasize with intonation the explanatory type of subordinate clause (or the conditional type - if there is a particle whether):

It’s good that I was able to come and visit, but who knows whether it’s good that I’m leaving?

If complex subordinating conjunctions are used to connect the subordinate clause with the main clause “instead of”, “in order to”, “due to the fact that”, “since” etc., then a comma separates the main and subordinate clauses just one time:

Before the union, if:

He stopped sleeping normally after thieves broke in on him one day.

After a subordinate clause, if the subordinate clause comes after the main clause:

Instead of preparing for exams, he went to the river and walked in the yard.

note. Sometimes some of the complex conjunctions may fall apart, and then one part is included in the main clause, as a relative pronoun or adverb, and the second will take on the function of a conjunction in a subordinate clause:

Outside, the moon was shining so brightly that you could read a book without a flashlight.

Conjunctions are not broken in Russian “as if”, “while”, “only when” and “even if”.

Type designs “as if nothing had happened”, “at any cost”, “as best you can”, “whoever does anything” and others are not subordinate clauses, therefore are not separated by commas(commas):

In the village everyone dressed in whatever they wanted.

If subordinate clause expressed in one word, then it is not separated by a comma(s):

She burst into tears, but didn't want to say why.