November 10 events in history. Miass communists without Zyuganov united communist party. World Science Day for Peace and Development

On November 10, 1619, Rene Descartes discovered the foundations of analytic geometry, which was of great importance for mathematics and the natural sciences.

On November 10, 1910, Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy left his estate Yasnaya Polyana, intending to start living in accordance with his own teachings of the new Christianity.

November 10, 1917 adopted a resolution "On the workers' militia". Until 1931, the Soviet militia was under the jurisdiction of local Soviets, then transferred to the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs. Since 1962, it has been celebrated as a professional holiday.

On November 10, 1919, Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, the inventor of the Kalashnikov assault rifle, holder of the Medal "For Services to the Fatherland" No. 1, was born in the village of Kurya, Kurinsky District (now Altai Territory).

On November 10, 1933, the newspapers of Paris came out with huge headlines: "Bunin - Nobel Laureate".

November 10, 1941 near Tikhvin (near Leningrad) began a counteroffensive of the Soviet troops during the Great Patriotic War.

On November 10, 1961, the city of Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd. Almost no one remembers the former name of the city - Tsaritsyn - and the second will remain in history in connection with the Battle of Stalingrad.

On November 10, 1963, the first solo concert of the legendary singer Muslim Magomayev took place in the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall.

On November 10, 1970, the Soviet Union launched the Luna-17 scientific space station, which landed on the Moon a week later in the area of ​​the Sea of ​​Rains.

On November 10, 1975, Lev Leshchenko first performed the song "Victory Day", which became a hit.

On November 10, 1982, the Soviet statesman and politician Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee since October 14, 1964, died. His death was announced only a day later.

November 10, 1986 singer Valery Yakovlevich Leontiev starred in the program "Musical Ring" on the 1st television channel.

On November 10, 1989, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a decree on the restoration of Soviet citizenship to "certain persons currently living abroad." The decree affected such people as: singer Galina Pavlovna Vishnevskaya, cellist and conductor Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich and writer Vladimir Nikolaevich Voinovich.

On November 10, 1998, pop singer Gelena Martselievna Velikanova died at the age of 76. Glory came to Velikanova in the late 50s with the song "Lilies of the valley" by Oscar Borisovich Feltsman.

Arseny, African, Dmitry, Ivan, Kiriak, Maxim, Nestor, Neonila, Praskovya, Stepan, Terenty and Fedul.

In the 14th century, the Austrian Habsburg monarchy ruled over most of the Swiss cantons. In one of them - Uri - the governor Gesler started a new custom. On November 10, 1307, on his orders, a pole was erected on the square of the town, topped with Gesler's hat - so that every passer-by would bow low to this attribute of Austrian power. A simple hunter, William Tell was famous for his marksmanship and proud disposition. An arrow fired by his faithful hand knocked the cap off the pole. Soon, on a denunciation, William was seized and taken to the court of the ruler. Gesler promised the prisoner freedom in exchange for the risk: the proud man is obliged to knock the apple off the head of his own son with a bow. The pale Tell accepted the challenge, but took out two arrows. The first one carried the fetus from the top of the child. And the archer threw in the face of the feudal lord: "Take me a little lower, and the second one would be yours." The shrew was again dragged into the dungeon. But luck smiled again - at night Wilhelm fled. And soon, on a narrow road between the rocks, Tell ambushed the offender and put him to death - with the same arrow, as promised. This news raised the townsfolk to revolt. As a result, the haughty Habsburgs were forced to recognize the independence of most of the freedom-loving cantons. Whether this was actually the case is not known for certain. But the Swiss believed in this legend so much that back in the 19th century they told children in schools about William Tell as a real historical person, and those who allowed themselves to doubt were brought to trial.

On November 10, 1630, Cardinal Armand Jean du Plessis Richelieu, who announced his resignation and had already sent carts with property from Paris to Le Havre, “succumbing to the persuasion” of Louis XIII, entwined in his network of intrigues, agreed to remain at the helm of power. His mother, Marie de Medici, who was in a confrontation with the king, through whose efforts Richelieu received the cardinal mantle eight years earlier, failed. This day of the return of Richelieu to his former position, which he left a few hours earlier, entered French history as "journee des dupes", that is, "the day of the fools."

On November 10, 1862, in St. Petersburg, at the Bolshoi (Kamenny) Theater, they played the premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's opera The Force of Destiny, written especially for this scene. There, the marquis breaks into his daughter's room when an unworthy, in his opinion, lover, with whom she is going to run away, comes to her. Armed servants are with the marquis, an uninvited guest has his own pistol, which accidentally shoots and kills a fighter for the honor of his daughter, she runs, dressed in a man's dress ... and so on, in the best traditions of theatrical bloodshed.

Two years later, on November 10, 1864, an unimaginable event took place. Duke Maximilian I of Austria was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico. That Mexico was an empire is also somewhat strange, but where is Mexico and where is Austria? And the casket opened like this: this Latin American country was occupied by French troops that same year, as it refused to pay its debts, and as a counterweight to its president, Napoleon III sent Maximilian (brother of the Austrian emperor Franz Joseph), whom he himself persuaded to the royal mission. But the United States forced France to withdraw its troops, and the Mexican republicans quickly defeated the uninvited emperor, took him prisoner and shot him. Although he was not a tyrant and a robber, but quite a liberal. Such are the things.

On this day in 1866, on the eve of his 45th birthday, Fyodor Dostoevsky, then already the most popular writer in Russia, finished dictating to the 20-year-old stenographer Anna Snitkina the novel “The Gambler”, which began at 8 pm on October 16, that is, a few weeks before. Dostoevsky was threatened with a debtor's prison, so in the summer of 1866 he had to conclude an enslaving agreement with the publisher Fyodor Stellovsky to sell him the rights to publish a complete three-volume collection of his works and a new novel for 3,000 rubles, which was required to be submitted by November 14. To speed up the work, friends advised the writer to use the free help of the best student of the St. Petersburg school of cursive writing, his admirer. On November 13, Dostoevsky took the manuscript to Stelovsky, and on the 20th he offered Anna his hand and heart.

On November 10, 1871, journalist Henry Stanley discovered Scottish explorer David Livingston, who was ill and lost in Central Africa. There had been no news from Livingston for two years, and the Europeans had last seen him six years ago. Seeing a white man surrounded by blacks, Stanley greeted the missing researcher in a somewhat unusual way: "Dr. Livingston, I presume?" One must think, professional habit has affected, so as not to make a mistake and interview the wrong person who is needed.

“The traveler has no memory,” said Nikolai Przhevalsky, as he snapped, who completed his main, perhaps, expedition to Central Asia on November 10, 1885. The meaning is simple: you need to keep a diary. Przhevalsky did this every day.

On this day in 1885, from Bad Cannstatt to Untertürkheim (a suburb of Stuttgart), the first motorcycle swept along the embankment of the Neckar River at an incredible speed of 12 km / h for that time. On a vehicle equipped with a gasoline engine, a wooden frame and a belt drive, sat Adolf Daimler, the son of Gottlieb Daimler, who, like Karl Benz, is credited with creating the first cars that received real use. The four-stroke single-cylinder internal combustion engine developed a rotation speed of up to 600 rpm and had a half-horsepower power with a displacement of 264 cm3. Daimler Sr. patented it a year earlier, but he was in no hurry to "invent a motorcycle", considering the device commercially unpromising. And Daimler Jr., after a trip without shock absorbers, said that he would no longer sit on this “bone crusher”.

On November 10, 1898, the icebreaker Yermak was launched. The world's first ship capable of breaking through heavy ice was built in 10 months by the British company Armstrong according to the design of the Russian naval commander Stepan Makarov. In February 1899, "Ermak" came to Kronstadt, cleared the way for the ships that were in Revel, and in early April opened the Neva, which made it possible to open navigation unusually early. The icebreaker remained in operation until 1963. "Ermak" is also famous for the fact that in February 1900 it received a dispatch by "wireless telegraph" of Alexander Popov about an ice floe with fishermen in the Gulf of Finland, and hurried to save people. It was the first in national history"practical" application of radio communications.

November 10, 1908, in the United States in a hotel in Montana, for the first time, a copy of the Bible was placed in each room. The experiment was considered successful, and it became a general rule. But pluralism and political correctness have triumphed, and now even the Book with a capital letter is issued only at the request of the guest.

On November 10, 1910, 82-year-old Leo Tolstoy did not find family happiness, but, on the contrary, left Yasnaya Polyana, intending to start living in accordance with his own teachings of the new Christianity. He left in secret from his wife, to whom he wrote: “I can no longer live in those conditions of luxury in which I lived, and I do what an old man of my age usually does: he leaves worldly life to live in solitude and silence. the last days own life".

On this day in 1913, at the trial in the Kiev District Court on charges of ritual murder of the clerk of the brick factory Mendel Beilis, the jury delivered a verdict of not guilty.

On November 10, 1917, Kerensky attempted a counter-coup in Russia. The attempt ended, two days later, in failure.

On this day in 1918, Germany capitulated in the First World War. And exactly one year later, in 1919, the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution, called the Weimar Constitution, since it was held in Weimar, in the building of the German National Theatre.

November 10, 1940 Walt Disney agrees to report subversive elements in Hollywood to the FBI.

On this day in 1945, the Great Conference of Democratic Youth was held, attended by representatives from 63 countries. During this conference, it was decided to create the World Federation of Democratic Youth. The purpose of creating a single federation is to promote mutual understanding and cooperation of young people in all areas of society. As well as the fight against national, social and racial oppression. For peace and security of the population, for the rights of youth. November 10 is the date chosen for World Youth Day.

On November 10, 1959, the UN General Assembly condemned apartheid in South Africa and racial discrimination in every part of the world. On the other hand, on November 10, 1975, the same international body equated Zionism, that is, the movement for the gathering of the Jewish people in their historical homeland, Israel, with racism; in 1991 this resolution was cancelled.

November 10, 1961 Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd. The foundation of the city is considered to be the date of the royal charter "to the Kazan governor Grigory Osipovich Zasekin and Roman Vasilyevich Olferov and Ivan Afanasyevich Nashchekin to make a prison on the portage." The charter was annotated on July 12, 1589. The city of Tsaritsyn was founded in 1589 among the steppes and conceived as a guard fortress on the southern borders of the state. According to one version, the name of the city came from the phrase sary chin - "golden sand", according to another - from the consonance of sary-su - "yellow water". Tsaritsyn maintained its military-border role for more than two centuries. According to a number of historians, by 1615 Tsaritsyn already looked like a small town. The rapid development of the economy here began only in the second half of the 19th century, when three major railways passed through Tsaritsyn, large enterprises and the transportation of goods along the Volga began to develop rapidly. The city has become a major transport hub in southern Russia. This caused a huge influx of capital, and at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Tsaritsyn began to turn from a merchant into an industrial city. In April 1925, by a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad. Since November 1961, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, it received a new name - Volgograd. The city played a big role in the country's economy, but everything was interrupted by the war. For two hundred days and nights, the battle for the city did not subside, which had no equal in world history. Battle of Stalingrad was destined to become one of the most difficult pages in the history of the Great Patriotic War and one of the most important. On February 2, 1943, the furious onslaught of Hitler's elite divisions was stopped here, which marked the beginning of a radical change in the course of the entire Second World War. Modern Volgograd is a large industrial, administrative, cultural, educational and The educational center with a population of one million. The city has a powerful diversified industrial complex, which includes over 130 plants, factories and production associations. Volgograd is also a city-monument. Tsaritsyno buildings, memorials dedicated to historical events, memorable places and sights of the city carefully store evidence of the past.

On November 10, 1968, the unmanned spacecraft Zond-6 was launched in the USSR. Having circled the Moon at a distance of two and a half thousand kilometers, he took panoramic pictures of its visible and reverse sides and made the first return to Earth in the history of astronautics. However, not everything was as smooth as the newspapers wrote in those days: during the passage of the atmosphere, the parachute container was depressurized, and when it nevertheless opened at an altitude of 7 km, it was shot prematurely. The descent vehicle crashed on the ground. They managed to extract photographic films and ... turtles from the mangled apparatus, which flew on the ship, suffered a blow and survived! And exactly 2 years after the launch of Zond-6, on November 10, 1970, the Soviet Union launched the Luna-17 scientific space station, which landed on the moon a week later in the area of ​​the Sea of ​​Rains. The first self-propelled device "Lunokhod-1", which was controlled from the Earth and traveled on the lunar surface for 11 months, left the surface of the Earth's satellite.

On this day in 1969, the largest American non-profit network PBS (Public Broadcasting Service) aired the first episode of the children's television program Sesame Street, the world's oldest series (to date, about 4200 episodes have been filmed), the heroes of which are both people and specially dolls invented for the program - muppets. The series is for educational purposes. game form teaches children to read and write, arithmetic, gives them ideas about nature, society, prepares them for the transition from kindergarten to school. Sesame Street is shown on television in more than 120 countries, its national versions are watched in 25 of them (in Russia since 1996). She is unattainable in terms of the number of American Emmy awards - more than 110. In November 2009, Sesame Street turned 40 years old, and its producer Joan Ganz Cooney turned 80.

On November 10, 1983, the first computer virus, or rather its prototype, appeared. An American student from the University of Southern California, Fred Cohen, compiled a program that demonstrated the possibility of infecting a computer with a virus reproduction rate of 5 minutes to 1 hour. The following year, Cohen wrote a paper in which he not only anticipated the dangers of viruses spreading through computer networks, but also spoke about the possibility of creating anti-virus programs. The first non-laboratory virus, called "Brain", capable of infecting only floppy disks, appeared in January 1986 and was of Pakistani origin. And the first anti-virus program was developed in 1988.

On this day in 1989, Petar Mladenov replaces Todor Zhivkov as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party. Deep political reforms are beginning in Bulgaria. And on the same day, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a decree on the restoration of Soviet citizenship "certain persons currently living abroad." Under the decree fell, in particular, Galina Vishnevskaya, Mstislav Rostropovich and Vladimir Voinovich.

On November 10, 1993, in Kyiv, near the St. Sophia Cathedral, during a clash between a crowd and the police, the leaders of the White Brotherhood religious association Yuri Krivonogov and his wife Maria Tsvigun, who calls herself "the living God living on Earth, Maria Devi Christos," are detained.

On November 10, we traditionally celebrate Police Day. But after all, on this day in 1917, there was not only a decree “On the workers' militia”, but also a decree on the press, which banned “counter-revolutionary” publications. And on November 10, 1929, the plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks opened, which decided on accelerated collectivization. These things, as the Nautilus Pompilius group, born on this day in 1982, sang, “bound by one chain, connected by one goal” ...

Able to overcome heavy ice, it was built in 10 months by the English firm "Armstrong" according to the project of the Russian naval commander Stepan Makarov. In February 1899, "Ermak" came to Kronstadt, cleared the way for the ships that were in Revel, and in early April opened the Neva, which made it possible to open navigation unusually early. The icebreaker remained in operation until 1963.
"Ermak" is also famous for the fact that in February 1900 it received a dispatch by "wireless telegraph" of Alexander Popov about an ice floe with fishermen in the Gulf of Finland, and hurried to save people. It was the first "practical" application of radio communications in Russian history.

In the 14th century, the Austrian Habsburg monarchy ruled over most of the Swiss cantons. In one of them - Uri - the governor Gesler started a new custom. On November 10, 1307, on his orders, a pole was erected on the square of the town, topped with a Gesler cap - so that every passer-by would bow low to this attribute of Austrian power.
A simple hunter was famous for his marksmanship and proud disposition. An arrow fired by his faithful hand knocked the cap off the pole. Soon, on a denunciation, William was seized and taken to the court of the ruler. Gesler promised the prisoner freedom in exchange for the risk: the proud man is obliged to knock the apple off the head of his own son with a bow. The pale Tell accepted the challenge, but took out two arrows. The first one carried the fetus from the top of the child. And the archer threw in the face of the feudal lord: "Take me a little lower, and the second one would be yours."
The shrew was again dragged into the dungeon. But happiness smiled again - at night Wilhelm fled. And soon, on a narrow road between the rocks, Tell ambushed the offender and put him to death - with the same arrow, as promised. This raised the inhabitants to revolt. As a result, the haughty Habsburgs were forced to recognize the independence of most of the freedom-loving cantons.
Whether this was actually the case is not known for certain. But the Swiss believed in this legend so much that back in the 19th century they told children in schools about William Tell as a real historical person, and those who allowed themselves to doubt were brought to trial.

On November 10, 1968, the unmanned spacecraft Zond-6 was launched in the USSR. Having circled the Moon at a distance of two and a half thousand kilometers, he took panoramic pictures of its visible and reverse sides and made the first return to Earth in the history of astronautics. However, not everything was as smooth as the newspapers wrote in those days: during the passage of the atmosphere, the parachute container was depressurized, and when it nevertheless opened at an altitude of 7 km, it was shot prematurely. The descent vehicle crashed on the ground. They managed to extract photographic films and ... turtles from the mangled apparatus, which flew on the ship, suffered a blow and survived!
And exactly 2 years after the launch of Zond-6, on November 10, 1970, the Soviet Union launched the Luna-17 scientific space station, which landed on the moon a week later in the area of ​​the Sea of ​​Rains. The first self-propelled device "Lunokhod-1", which was controlled from the Earth and traveled on the lunar surface for 11 months, left the surface of the Earth's satellite.

On the night of November 10, 1982, at the age of 76, in all likelihood, the general secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and the chairman of the presidium of the Supreme Council died in a dream from a heart attack.
In the last years of his life, Brezhnev was seriously ill. It was during this period that he became the object of sweeping criticism and venomous ridicule both within the country and abroad. Most of all, Brezhnev was reproached for the fact that he allegedly clings to power with the last of his strength, does not want to give up his place.
However, now that many authoritative documents have already been published about those times, it has become obvious that Brezhnev repeatedly tried to solve the problem of a successor, starting from the mid-70s. Then the first secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the Romanov Party was supposed to play this role. Later, other candidates appeared, and this was always accompanied by an aggravation of the underlying political struggle around the figure of Brezhnev. It cannot be ruled out that one of the next outbreaks of this kind brought closer the hour of death of the 75-year-old Secretary General.

In 1759 a German poet and playwright was born. He grew up in the family of a military doctor and at first seemed to follow in his father's footsteps: after graduating from the military academy, he was appointed to Stuttgart as a regimental doctor. However, his passion for literature prevented his career. Schiller was even arrested for absenteeism from the regiment for the premiere of his first tragedy, The Robbers. Leaving military service, Schiller devoted himself entirely to literature. The tragedies "Cunning and Love" and "Don Carlos" brought him fame. In 1788, in Weimar, Schiller met Goethe, whose friendship, by his own admission, constituted "a whole epoch in his development." With the assistance of Goethe, Schiller became a professor of history at the University of Jena, studied history, studied the philosophy of Kant, continued to write tragedies and ballads, which became textbooks for the Russian reader thanks to the translations of Vasily Zhukovsky.
Schiller died on May 9, 1805 in Weimar. In the last months of his life, he worked on the tragedy "Demetrius" from Russian history.
Schiller left us many of his catchphrases and aphorisms. Here are just a few:
Woe to me if my convictions fluctuate according to the beating of my heart.
There are no bad roles for good actors.
Stronger than all victories is forgiveness.
Even the gods could not defeat stupidity.

Hardly in the world today Russian name known more than the gunsmith's name Mikhail Kalashnikov. He is known even by those who are not interested in politics, culture or technology. He is known even by those who have no idea at all that "Kalashnikov" is not only, but also a person.
Once the American philosopher and weapons specialist Edward Clinton Ezel sent a letter with the following address: "USSR. Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov." Just like "to the village of grandfather." And this message was accurately delivered, although there were thousands of Kalashnikovs in the Soviet Union.
Mikhail Timofeevich designed machine guns, hunting rifles and other small arms, but his main brainchild is, of course, the Kalashnikov assault rifle, which, along with aspirin and the hydrogen bomb, is recognized as the invention of the century. According to foreign experts in the world by the beginning of 1996, about 100 million machines of this type were manufactured. The Kalashnikov assault rifle is used in 55 countries around the world. It is depicted on the banners and emblems of some countries.
Designer, doctor technical sciences, twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes.

Today was born. He worked in theaters, and began acting in films quite late - at the age of forty. In 1992, in the film "The Comedy of the Old Regime" Sukhorukov amazingly played the role of prisoner Zuev, who portrayed Vladimir Lenin in the zone. But the real fame came to the actor after the films "Brother" and "Brother-2". Then there were "Gangster Petersburg", "Antikiller", "Poor, poor Pavel" and other interesting works.

Every year on November 10, Russia celebrates the Day of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 3018-Khot on October 1, 1980 "On holidays and memorable days", as amended by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 9724-XI of November 1, 1988 "On Amendments to the Legislation of the USSR on Holidays and Commemorative Days"). The history of this holiday dates back to 1715. It was then that Peter I created a service for the protection of public order in Russia and called it "police", which in Greek means "government of the state." In 1917, on November 10, immediately after the revolution, by a decree of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs of the RSFSR, a workers' militia was created "to protect the revolutionary social order". At first, the police were under the jurisdiction of local Soviets, then in the structure of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, and since 1946 - in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Today there is a criminal police and a public security police. It so happened that the personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs celebrates their professional holiday at the post, reliably guarding the quiet life and creative work of citizens. Police officers successfully solve everyday tasks to protect the state and society from criminal encroachments. For many years, one of the gifts for the Day of the Police is a big festive concert on television.

November 10 - World Youth Day. Established in honor of the founding of the World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY). This event took place at the World Youth Conference held October 29 - November 10, 1945 in London. This historic conference was convened at the initiative of the World Youth Council, which was created during the Second World War to fight fascism. For the first time, the conference brought together representatives of the international youth movement, which united more than 30 million young people of different political ideologies and religions, youth of more than 63 nationalities. Since then, the international association of youth organizations has been the center of the international democratic youth movement, uniting young people from all over the world without distinction of political and religious views, race and nationality.

World Science Day, or more formally World Science Day for Peace and Development, is observed annually on November 10 to raise public awareness around the world of the benefits of science. And although this day was not declared a day off, in every country there are events related to the World Science Day. The World Science Day was recommended in 1999 at the World Conference on Science held in Budapest, where the need for closer interaction between science and society was expressed. Following the agenda of the 1999 conference, UNESCO formally established World Science Day, headlining it at a general conference in 2001. Globally, the Day was first observed on November 10, 2002 and has been widely celebrated around the world ever since.

Significant events:

1866 - On the eve of his 45th birthday, Fyodor Dostoevsky finished dictating the novel The Gambler to stenographer Anna Snitkina. The writing of The Gambler has a long history. In 1863, Fyodor Dostoevsky came to Baden-Baden on vacation. There, in a few days, he lost not only all his money, but also the cash of his girlfriend Polina Suslova. Dostoevsky was threatened with a debtor's prison, so in the summer of 1866 he had to conclude an enslaving agreement with the publisher Fyodor Stellovsky to sell him the rights to publish a complete three-volume collection of his works and a new novel for 3,000 rubles, which was required to be submitted by November 14. To speed up the work, friends advised the writer to use the free help of the best student of the St. Petersburg school of cursive writing, his fan - Anna Snitkina. On the eve of his 45th birthday, November 10, 1866, Fyodor Dostoevsky finished dictating to 20-year-old stenographer Anna Snitkina the novel The Gambler, begun at 8 pm on October 16, that is, a few weeks before. On November 13, he took the manuscript to Stelovsky, and on the 20th he offered Anna his hand and heart.

1885 - In Germany, but the embankment of the Neckar River, the first motorcycle swept by at an incredible speed of 12 km / h for that time. It was a very original bike with a motor. The frame, like the wheels, was made of wood. Moreover, there were not two wheels, but four, and instead of rubber tires, all were upholstered with iron on top. Under the seat was an internal combustion engine with a power of 0.5 hp. Gasoline or kerosene could be used as fuel. To start the power unit, it was initially necessary to heat a copper incandescent tube with a gasoline heater, which later ignited the combustible mixture. The engine was started by the crank, and if all went well, this operation took approximately one minute. Motorcycles appeared at about the same time as cars, or even a little earlier. As a rule, they were born in the workshops of future automakers who tried their hand at simpler equipment. Presented to the surprised public, the motorcycle was designed by Adolf Daimler, the son of Gottlieb Daimler, who, like Karl Benz, is credited with creating the first cars that received real use.

1910 - 82-year-old Leo Tolstoy left his home in Yasnaya Polyana. There was a letter left on his desk for Sofya Andreevna: “My departure will upset you. I regret this, but understand and believe that I could not have done otherwise. My situation in the house became unbearable. Apart from everything bad, I can no longer live in those conditions of luxury in which I lived, and I do what old people usually do: they leave worldly life to live in solitude and quiet the last days of their lives. He began his last journey at the Kozlova Zasek station. On the way, he fell ill with pneumonia and was forced to make a stop at the small station Astapovo (now Lev Tolstoy, Lipetsk region), where he died on November 7 (20).

1917 - The police in Russia received their legislative registration on the basis of the decision of the People's Commissariat for internal affairs dated November 10, 1917 "On the workers' militia".

1933 - Ivan Bunin became a laureate Nobel Prize Literature "For the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose." In 1922, Ivan Alekseevich's wife, Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, wrote in her diary that Romain Rolland nominated Bunin for the Nobel Prize. Since then, Ivan Alekseevich lived in hopes that someday he would be awarded this prize. On November 10, 1933, all the newspapers of Paris came out with large headlines: "Bunin is a Nobel laureate." Every Russian in Paris, who had not even read Bunin, took it as a personal holiday. For the compatriot turned out to be the best, the most talented! In Parisian taverns and restaurants that evening there were Russians who sometimes drank for “their own” for their last pennies. On the day of the award on November 9, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin watched “merry stupidity” - “Baby” in the “cinema”. Suddenly, a narrow beam of a flashlight cut through the darkness of the hall. They were looking for Bunin. He was called by phone from Stockholm. “And immediately my whole old life ends. I walk home rather quickly, but feeling nothing but regret that I didn't get to see the movie. But no. You can’t believe it: the whole house is lit up with lights. And my heart shrinks with some kind of sadness ... Some kind of turning point in my life, ”recalled I. A. Bunin. Exciting days in Sweden. In the concert hall, in the presence of the king, after the report of the writer, member of the Swedish Academy Peter Galstrem on the work of Bunin, he was presented with a folder with a Nobel diploma, a medal and a check for 715 thousand French francs. Returning to France, Bunin feels like a rich man and, sparing no money, distributes "allowances" to emigrants, donates funds to support various societies. Finally, on the advice of well-wishers, he invests the remaining amount in a “win-win business” and is left with nothing. Bunin’s friend, poetess and prose writer Zinaida Shakhovskaya, in her memoir book “Reflection”, noted: “With skill and a small amount of practicality, the award should have been enough to the end. But the Bunins did not buy an apartment or a villa ... ”Unlike M. Gorky, A.I. Kuprin, A.N. Tolstoy, Ivan Alekseevich did not return to Russia, despite the exhortations of the Moscow “messengers”. He never came to his homeland, not even as a tourist.

A lot happened that day significant events.

On November 10, many significant events took place that went down in history. About the most interesting of them - in the material "360 Moscow Region".

Every year on November 10, employees of the internal affairs bodies celebrate their holiday in our country. The history of this date dates back to 1715, when Peter the Great created the police in Russia. The word itself, translated from Greek, means "government of the state." For many years, the holiday was called the Day of the Police. Law enforcement officers meet their professional day at the post, but this does not cancel the solemn events dedicated to this date.

On November 10, 1871, on the shores of Lake Tanganyika, lost in the wilds of central Africa, a phrase was uttered that later became famous throughout the world: "Doctor Livingston, I presume?" - the American journalist Henry Morton Stanley turned to a white man who was barely able to stand on his feet. Yes, it was him famous explorer and the discoverer of Africa, who traveled more than 50 thousand kilometers in 30 years of his stay in it, the missionary and protector of the indigenous population David Livingston. By the time of the meeting with Henry Morton Stanley, he was seriously ill, weakened and could not independently get out of the shores of the lake, which he explored. Several expeditions were sent to search for Livingston, but Stanley was the first to find him - a journalist from the expedition of the New York Herald newspaper, and in the future - a famous traveler and adventurer. We must pay tribute to the brave journalist and talented organizer - he traveled more than 6 thousand kilometers in the African wilderness in search of Livingston, facing enormous difficulties and participating in armed skirmishes with wild tribes. It was no less work to organize the expedition, and in order to justify the money spent, Stanley would subsequently write a detailed account of his travels, seriously embellishing the events that took place during this. There is a lot of confusion and inconsistencies in Stanley's notes - for example, even the exact date of the meeting of a journalist with a doctor is indicated in their memoirs is different, but we must pay tribute to the American - on that day he really saved Dr. Livingston, who was preparing to die on the shores of Tanganyika.

On November 10, 1885, German engineers Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach tested a wooden bicycle, on which they installed their internal combustion engine, which had been constructed quite recently - at the end of August. The son of Gottlieb Daimler, Paul, was entrusted with testing a new vehicle, who drove it three kilometers along the Neckar River, reaching a speed of 12 kilometers per hour. Successful tests made it possible to patent a "kerosene-powered riding machine" - the first motorcycle in its modern sense. It turns out that in 2015 the motorcycle turns 130 years old, and it is one year older than the first car. However, before the real popularity and recognition of motorcycles, there were still about two decades from the moment of the first race along the bank of a little-known German river.

On November 10, 1910, Leo Tolstoy left his home in Yasnaya Polyana. On his desk, the writer left a message in which he said that he could no longer live in luxury and wanted to spend the last days of his life in peace and quiet. He began his journey at the Kozlova Zasek station, but on the way he caught pneumonia and was forced to make a stop in Astapovo. There, 10 days later, Tolstoy died. He was 82 years old.

November 10, 1933 Ivan Bunin became the first Nobel Prize winner among Russians. The award was given to him in 1933. All Parisian newspapers were full of headlines: "Bunin is a Nobel laureate." The writer himself later recalled how he ran home after learning the exciting news, and how he was worried at the presentation ceremony. The award was given "for the rigorous skill with which Bunin developed the traditions of Russian classical prose."

November 10, 1982 people Soviet Union by indirect evidence, they guessed that a completely out of the ordinary event had occurred in the country - the traditional festive concert dedicated to the Day of the Police was canceled, the broadcast of which was replaced in the TV program by the screening of the feature film "A Man with a Gun". In addition, minor melodies were played on radio and television all day, and Muscovites who were near the Kremlin that day noticed an unusual accumulation of black government cars. Rumors spread among the people about the most likely cause of what was happening - he died General Secretary The Central Committee of the CPSU Leonid Brezhnev, whose condition has long caused fear among doctors and bewilderment among the citizens of the country. As early as November 7, during Brezhnev's last appearance in public, it was noticeable that the Secretary General had a hard time receiving a military parade on the podium of Lenin's mausoleum, which was impossible not to notice even from a television picture. And the people were not mistaken in their guesses - Leonid Brezhnev died at his dacha in the early morning of November 10th. By a strange coincidence, there was no attending physician next to the Secretary General, who until that moment had not left him for a minute. There was not even a medical post at the dacha, so the guards had to do heart massage and artificial respiration. The first to know about Brezhnev's death and arrived at the dacha was Yuri Andropov, who was to take the place of the deceased general secretary. Andropov immediately took away Brezhnev's personal briefcase, in which, according to his joking remarks, he kept compromising information on the entire Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. The people of the country learned about Brezhnev's death only a day later, mourning rallies were held everywhere, all print media, including children's, came out with Brezhnev's obituary and his portraits, four days of mourning was declared in the country. The funeral of the General Secretary took place on November 15 and was the most magnificent since the funeral of Stalin. The children did not go to school that day, the funeral was broadcast live on TV, and the whole country watched the funeral procession with Brezhnev's coffin on a gun carriage on the way to Red Square, where the Secretary General was buried. The country said goodbye to him with artillery salvos and whistles of factories.

On November 10, 1888, the famous aircraft designer Andrey Tupolev was born. He attended an aeronautical circle, and then entered the aviation settlement bureau, where he was a student of Zhukovsky himself. It was Andrei Tupolev who developed the all-metal aircraft. The first such model was the TB-1, released in 1925. And after World War II, the legendary Tu-104 came out - the country's first jet passenger aircraft. In total, under the leadership of Tupolev, more than a hundred aircraft models were produced.

November 10, 1928 was born the Italian composer, arranger and conductor Ennio Morricone. At the age of 9, he entered the conservatory, where he studied in three classes at once: trumpet, orchestra, composition. In his youth, he began working in the theater - first as a musician, and later as a composer. Ennio Morricone has composed music for many films and television series. There are about four hundred of them, among them - "The Untouchables", "Once Upon a Time in America", "Professional". Today Morricone is one of the most famous contemporary composers. He continues to write music for film and television.

On November 10, 1951, the Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, People's Artist of Russia Viktor Sukhorukov was born. He dreamed of the profession of an actor since childhood, but the boy did not pass the test at Mosfilm. He began acting in films, becoming a student of GITIS. Once, Viktor Sukhorukov was even expelled from the theater troupe - the actor worked as a bread cutter and loader. But soon he returned to the stage and to the frame. Aleksey Balabanov helped him to really open up. Sukhorukov gained all-Russian popularity after the release of the films "Brother" and "Brother 2". The artist has more than 80 film roles.