What are the small ones. Which enterprises are small, medium, large. What a curiosity - Picardy third

In order of occurrence:
primary group is a collection of individuals united on the basis of direct contacts, common goals and objectives and differing high level emotional closeness and spiritual solidarity (family, group of friends, immediate neighbors). It is characterized by the following features:
1) small staff;
2) spatial proximity of members;
3) duration of existence;
4) commonality of group values, norms and patterns of behavior;
5) voluntariness of joining the group;
6) informal control over the behavior of members.
secondary group- a relatively large social community, the subjects of which are not connected by intimate, close ties, the social connection and interaction in the group are impersonal, utilitarian and functional. The secondary group is goal-oriented (work team, school class, sports team, etc.);

By social status:
1) formal group - a group created on the basis of official documents (class, school, party, etc.) and having a legally fixed status. A formal group is characterized by clearly defined positions of members, prescribed group norms, strictly distributed roles in accordance with subordination in the power structure in the group. Between the members of such a group, business relations are established, provided for by documents, which can be supplemented by personal likes and dislikes;
2) informal group - a real social community of people who are connected by common sympathies, closeness of views, beliefs, tastes, etc. Statuses and roles in such a group are not prescribed, there is no given system of vertical relationships. Official documents in such a group are irrelevant. The group breaks up when common interests disappear.

By direct relationship:
1) conditional group - a community of people that exists nominally and is distinguished by some sign (sex, age, profession, etc.). People included in such a group do not have direct interpersonal relationships, they may not know anything about each other;
2) real group - a community of people that exists in a common space and time and is united by real relationships ( class, production team).

According to the level of development or formation of interpersonal relationships:
1) low development groups- communities based on asocial factors, lack of common goals and interests, characterized by conformity or nonconformity of its members (for example, an association, a corporation, etc.);
2) high development groups- communities based on common interests, social goals and values ​​(for example, a team).

By importance:
1) reference group- this is a real or imaginary group, the norms of which serve as a model. Reference groups may be real or imagined, positive or negative, may or may not coincide with membership. They perform a normative function and the function of social comparison. In the representations of an individual, a group can be:
"positive" - ​​groups with which the individual identifies himself and, a member of which he would like to become.
"negative" - ​​groups that cause rejection in the individual.
2) membership groups- these are groups where the individual is not opposed to the group, and relates himself to all other members, and they relate themselves to him.

Other types of groups:
1) permanent(exist for a long time (political party, school, institute, etc.)) and temporary (exist for a short period of time (train compartment, people in the cinema, etc.));
2) natural(family) and groups of psychological and other types of similarity (classes, parties);
3) organized and spontaneous, etc.

Types of labia are completely different. This is due to the different anatomical development of the female reproductive organs. Moreover, throughout the life cycle, the genitourinary system undergoes many changes, both internal and external.

In the anatomical structure of the female genitourinary system, 2 types of labia are distinguished: these are small and large lips. Small ones perform the function of a dense girth of the penis during intercourse. But the large lips of the female reproductive system perform a protective function, the result of which is the protection of the vagina from the penetration of foreign objects and various infections into it.

The labia majora is an ordinary longitudinal skin fold, the color of which depends on the individual characteristics of the female body. Physicians classify them only by external signs as follows:

• lips of normal length and thickness;
• asymmetrical folds;
• underdeveloped organs.

The structure of the labia minora has much more differences. In the normal state, their thickness should not exceed 5-6 mm. In this case, the longitudinal folds of the female genital organs should immediately pass into the mucous membrane. In the area of ​​the clitoris, the skin folds of the female genital organs are divided into lateral and medial legs. These legs stretch into the upper and lower parts of the genitourinary system. They end at the very beginning of the vagina and on the lower commissure.

The labia minora can have a completely different shape and are divided according to the type of change that occurs with them. Among such changes, physicians distinguish elongation, protrusion, scalloping and hypertrophy of the genital folds.

Elongation is characterized by a large stretching of the skin folds, which can exceed 60-70 mm. In the normal state, their size should be 20-30 mm. With protrusion, a rather strong protrusion of the internal folds is observed. In this state, the labia majora are not able to fully protect the female genitourinary system.

Scalloping is observed only at the edges of the lips and is characterized by a change in their color and shape. If such changes are observed for a rather long period of time, then the patient may experience hypertrophy of the skin folds. As a result, large wrinkles will appear on the internal organs, and pigmentation of the skin will occur.

Reasons for changing forms

As noted above, the genitals of each woman have a completely individual shape. At the same time, doctors have not established fairly clear criteria that determine their color and shape. Although an experienced gynecologist, during a visual examination, can detect abnormal changes occurring in the organs of the vagina.

Most often, such changes are the result of a violation of the hormonal background of the body, resulting in an increase in the level of androgen (male sex hormone). A similar phenomenon causes polycystic ovaries, increased hairiness of the limbs (arms, legs) and infertility.

Also among the reasons affecting the change in the shape of the vagina, one can note mechanical damage (tight underwear) and heavy physical exertion that affect the inguinal region. In addition, frequent and prolonged masturbation not only causes a change in the shape of the internal organs, but also leads to other dangerous diseases.

It is impossible not to note the various diets that the female gender quite often adheres to. Incorrectly selected dietary nutrition can lead to a sharp change not only in the patient's weight, but also cause damage to his internal organs.

At the same time, young girls, whose age does not exceed 25 years, are most at risk. This is due to the fact that the anatomical formation of their body has not yet been finally completed.

As a rule, any changes in the organs of the vagina lead to problems in intimate life.

If such problems have come, you should not despair. Modern medicine allows you to solve problems with changes in the shape of skin folds with the help of drug treatment or plastic surgery.

And if you are interested in network business and need automation, then look for it.

Drug treatment allows you to cope with diseases only in the initial stages of their manifestations. For this, antihistamines and antiseptics are used (Fluconazole, Metronidazole, Doxycycline, Acyclovir, Diflucan), which can eliminate itching and various pain sensations. In addition, it is necessary to restore the hormonal background of the body.

This can be done with a special diet, which should be saturated with mint, vegetable oil and white yeast bread. In the event that medications failed to eliminate the problem, they resort to surgical elimination of the disease.

Society is a collection of very different groups of people: large and small, friendly and hostile, permanent and temporary, professional and religious, national and political.

They differ greatly from each other. Some groups are so small that virtually all of their members can see each other closely during the day, observe each other's actions, communicate constantly. These are small groups, or personal contact groups. The family is the most obvious example of such a group.

small group

A person is born in a small group (family), and most of his life is spent in small groups: a student team, a sports team, a circle, friends, student and production teams, etc.

Interesting Facts
It turned out that the number of all human groups on Earth exceeds the population by 1.5-2 times. So, 7 billion people live on the planet, and the number of groups, according to experts, reaches 8-10 billion. And all this is possible due to the fact that one person can be in several groups at once: in a family, in a class, in a circle of friends , at a dance school, in a sports club, etc.

In order to get into one group, we make certain efforts. So, many school graduates try to get into the institute, the university and become students. Other groups are chosen by our parents, for example, a music school or a fine arts group. There are groups that we do not choose, they are determined by fate. Such is the family, the composition of which is only partly the result of our choice. Friends we can choose and leave at our own discretion.



In a group, that is, together with others, we form our personality and our life values. Here we share with each other the most painful, the most intimate, what we will never share with strangers.

In a group, norms, rules, customs, traditions are born. A person needs a group and depends on it. He is a member of the family, student team, yard company, sports section, etc. People survive only together.

The student team is a special type of small group. Schoolchildren live at home and only for a while get together in the classroom, where the main goal is to learn new knowledge. At school you work, rest during recess, have lunch. In fact, as in an adult labor collective at a factory or in a bank. In the student team, you form mandatory relationships to comply with the rules of the schedule and optional - with each other. That's what they call friendships.



Give examples of the obligatory and friendly relations characteristic of the student body.

Two friends is also a group. They are united by many things, including common interests, as well as the presence of a common secret or secret. After all, one of the invaluable qualities of friendship is the ability to keep a secret. The guys tell their friend "in a big secret" their little secrets and demand that he not divulge them. And if a friend blabbed a secret, they might quarrel with him. He betrayed your secret, in fact betrayed your trust. From now on, you can not rely on him in difficult times.

Younger students and teenagers choose friends whose values ​​and hobbies are similar to their own. Friends are chosen predominantly among the students of their school, their class and, as a rule, the same gender. Boys are more likely to be friends with boys, and girls are more likely to be friends with girls.

Very much for a teenager. important point is the opinion of the group to which he belongs. Consciousness of group belonging, solidarity, comradely mutual assistance gives the teenager a sense of well-being and stability.

Interpersonal relationships

In a small group, a special type of relationship arises - interpersonal relationships. Just think about this phrase: relationships between individuals. That is, teenagers are individuals.

A small group consists of people who know each other well. By constantly communicating with each other, doing something together, people talk about their personal and family problems, heatedly discuss school news, grades, extracurricular activities, new films, etc. Discussing issues that are very important for people brings them together, creates trusting relationship between them.

Scientists have established an interesting pattern: how others treat you is largely determined by how you treat yourself. Try to understand and remember this. This is the most important law of interpersonal relations. If you are constantly dissatisfied with yourself, your mood and dissatisfaction with yourself can be transmitted to others. And they will be unhappy with you. If you have low self-esteem, then others will rate you low.

In teenage groups - your peer groups - their own codes of honor are spontaneously formed, the norms and rules for which are borrowed from the world of adults. Loyalty, honesty are highly valued here and they negatively relate to betrayal, treason, violation of given word, selfishness, greed, etc.

Adolescents are harshly judged by peers who do not have own opinion, do not respect themselves, do not know how to defend their interests.

Despite the desire to stand out and be different from everyone, conformism flourishes in teenage groups - conciliation with everyone. One depends on everyone, strives for peers and is sometimes ready to do what the group pushes him to do. At your age and a little older, teenagers begin to wear clothes of the same style and type to emphasize their involvement with each other.

AT interpersonal relationships Mutual understanding is very important, how communication develops between members of a small group. Without meeting mutual understanding, we become lonely. And loneliness is most often what a person is most afraid of.

Summing up
A teenager, like an adult, is a member of any small groups: family, school, circles, sections, etc. Depending on the relationship in the group, the teenager will feel more or less comfortable there.
Small groups exist on the basis of mutual understanding, friendly relations, which are based on such concepts as devotion, respect, honesty.

Basic terms and concepts
Group, small group, interpersonal relationships.

Test your knowledge

1. Explain the meaning of the concepts: "small group", "conformism", "interpersonal relations".
2. What is the significance of the group they belong to for teenagers? Support your answer with examples.
3. What problems can a teenager have in a group? Suggest ways to solve these problems.
4. Does the teenage group influence the behavior of each of its members?
5. Why is it in the group that norms, rules, customs, traditions are born?

Workshop

1. What groups do you belong to? Name the personality traits that are valued in these groups.
2. Think about the ways in which a teenager can resist group opinion (for example, the opinion of classmates).
3. Do you agree with the statement: “The group that includes a teenager gives him self-confidence”? Justify your answer.
4. How do you understand the statement: “Treat others the way you would like them to treat you”?
5. Think of situations that reveal the features of interpersonal relationships.

The main indicator that allows you to recognize the enterprise as small is the number of employees for a specific period of time. Criteria such as the size of its assets, the size of the authorized capital and the annual turnover also matter.

In Russia, a small business is a commercial organization, in the authorized capital of which the participation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, charitable and other foundations, as well as religious and public organizations no more than 25 percent. In addition, the share that belongs to several legal entities or one legal face, should also not be more than 25 percent.

The number of employees for a certain period should not be higher than the standard established in a particular area. If it is construction, industry or transport, the number of employees of a small enterprise cannot exceed 100 people. If it is a wholesale trade - no more than 50 people, if it is a consumer service or retail trade - no more than 30 people, if any other activity - no more than 50 people.

Medium enterprises

The definitions of medium and small business around the world are quite close. What generalizes them is economic entities that do not exceed a specific indicator in terms of the number of employees, the amount of gross assets and turnover. Medium enterprises are also eligible for simplified reporting. In order to understand the scope of the number of employees - after all, this criterion is most often the main one - it is worth considering a few examples.

If we take a consulting or research agency, it can be classified as a medium-sized enterprise when the number of its employees ranges from 15 to 50. If we talk about a travel company, then it can be classified as a medium-sized enterprise when the number of its employees is in the range from 25 to 75. Medium print media there will be an editorial staff with no more than 100 employees. As with small enterprises, medium-sized enterprises are considered in terms of turnover and market share they occupy.

Large enterprises

A large enterprise is a company that produces a significant share of the total commodity volume of any industry. It is also characterized by the number of people employed in the work, the size of assets and sales. To classify an enterprise as a large business, it is necessary to take into account the territorial, industry and state specifics. For example, for the field of mechanical engineering, the main factors are the volume of products, the number of workers and the cost of fixed assets. If we take the agro-industrial complex, we can focus only on the number of livestock or the area of ​​land.