What Papanin did for geography. Famous explorer of the North. Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin. Walking from security officers to polar explorers

There are people in the history of our state whose names personify an entire era. Their activities are not just a contribution to a particular industry, but a symbol of a certain period. For several generations of Soviet people, the name of Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin, the legendary Soviet polar explorer who devoted his life to Arctic exploration, was such a symbol. And the biography of this legendary man is in many ways similar to the biographies of other outstanding people of this period.

Twice Hero Soviet Union Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin was born on November 14, 1894 in the family of a sailor in the city of Sevastopol. He graduated from the zemstvo school and went to work at the docks, where he was able to obtain the profession of a turner. In 1914 he was called up to military service and until 1917 he served as a sailor. During the war, he became close to revolutionary-minded sailors and after the October Revolution he became a fighter in the Red Army, fighting in the Crimea against the White Guards and interventionists. Participated in the partisan movement in Crimea.

After the final establishment of Soviet power, I. D. Papanin was a commissar and member of the RVS, commandant and commander of the landing detachment, head of the Cheka detachment, secretary of the RVS of the naval forces of the Black Sea Fleet, and commissar of the economic administration of the Marine Forces. Often unrestrained in his actions and statements, Papanin was retired from military service in the Black Sea and continued his activities in the North, where, as deputy head of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs, he was involved in organizing postal and telegraph communications in Yakutia. Later he held the post of head of the paramilitary security of the People's Commissariat, took part in a secret expedition to organize gold mines in Aldan, and organized a radio station there.

For almost ten years, starting in April 1932, Ivan Dmitrievich led expeditions to explore the Far North. With his direct participation, several of the first polar stations were created - on Franz Josef Land in Tikhaya Bay, on Cape Chelyuskin. But the polar station became the most legendary " North Pole-1". For 247 days, four fearless employees of the SP-1 station drifted on an ice floe and observed the Earth’s magnetic field and processes in the atmosphere and hydrosphere of the Arctic Ocean. During the drift, active and fruitful work was carried out to study the polar basin at high latitudes. Polar explorers were responsible for the discovery of the Great Underwater Ridge and the creation of a weather map of the Arctic. The results of this expedition became the opportunity to declare Russia's rights to part of the Arctic Ocean shelf in the 21st century.

For selfless work in the difficult conditions of the Arctic, all members of the expedition: oceanologist Pyotr Petrovich Shirshov, geophysicist Evgeniy Konstantinovich Fedorov, radio operator Ernst Teodorovich Krenkel and expedition leader Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin - received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, as well as scientific titles. They were awarded the Order of Lenin, and a little later they became holders of the Gold Star medal. At the end of 1939 - beginning of 1940, Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin organized a successful expedition to rescue from ice captivity after an 812-day drift of the icebreaker Georgy Sedov, for which Papanin was awarded the second Gold Star medal and was re-awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union .

During the Great Patriotic War, the famous polar explorer held the positions of head of the Main Northern Sea Route (the most important strategic sea route for our Motherland) and commissioner State Committee defense for transportation in the North. He organized the reception and delivery of cargo from England and America to the front, for which he received the rank of rear admiral in 1943.

In 1949–1951, Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin was deputy director of the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences for expeditions. From 1951 until the end of his life, he headed the Department of Marine Expeditionary Works in the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Since 1956, director of the Institute of Inland Water Biology of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the village of Borok, Nekouzsky district, Yaroslavl region, chairman of the Moscow branch Geographical Society THE USSR.

Outstanding polar explorer wrote two wonderful books, “Life on an Ice Floe” and “Ice and Fire,” which are still read by the younger generation and those who cherish the memory of the glorious path of our country.

Ivan Dmitrievich died on January 30, 1986 in Moscow and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. During his life, he managed to become an honorary citizen of four cities at once: his native Sevastopol, as well as Arkhangelsk, Murmansk and Lipetsk - and even one region - Yaroslavl. A cape located in Taimyr, mountains in Antarctica and an underwater mountain in the Pacific Ocean, as well as an island in the Azov Sea were named after him. And yet, Papanin had special feelings for Murmansk, which are simply and clearly expressed in the words: “All my roads to the Arctic passed through Murmansk.”

Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin is an academician from the people. As a boy, he studied in primary school for only 4 years. The plant became a real “school of life” for the famous polar explorer. Only while working at the People's Commissariat of Communications did Papanin graduate Higher courses communications. However, the lack of appropriate education did not prevent him from becoming a Doctor of Science in 1938: he received this degree for the results achieved within the framework of the work of the SP-1 station. Subsequently, he was able to become an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, as well as deputy director of the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences for expeditions and director of the Institute of Inland Water Biology of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Not everyone can achieve such success with the proper education. The same can be said about his military rank. Papanin became a rear admiral in 1943 for outstanding services to the Motherland. Before that, he was only an ordinary sailor during the First World War and did not have any special military education.

Polar explorer No. 1

The work of the first Soviet drifting station "SP-1" ("North Pole-1") marked the beginning of a systematic study of the high-latitude regions of the polar basin in the interests of navigation, hydrology and meteorology. The drift of the station, which began on June 6, 1937, lasted 9 months (274 days) and ended on February 16, 1938 in the Greenland Sea. During this time, the ice floe on which the station was located floated 2,100 kilometers. The participants of this polar expedition, under incredibly difficult working conditions, managed to collect and systematize unique material about the nature of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean.

Perhaps no event in the interval between the two world wars attracted as much public attention as the drift of the “Papanin Four” in the Arctic. Initially, they drifted on a huge ice floe, the area of ​​which reached several square kilometers. However, by the time the expedition was completed, the size of the ice floe no longer exceeded the size of a volleyball court. At that moment, the whole world was watching the fate of the Soviet polar explorers, wishing them only one thing - to return from this expedition alive.

Fragment (Conference of workers and students, 01/25/2018)

“Developing the MSTU brand and increasing the level of recognition of the University.

The event is aimed at creating a positive image of the University in the scientific, educational and socio-economic space, reflecting the university’s self-identification in a promising development model.

In practice, this means the use of co-branding technology (combination of brands), when the formation of a new image and brand of the university occurs on the basis of the historical traditions of the activities and image of MSTU as a well-known and recognized marine engineering and technical university, training specialists in a wide range of maritime specialties and new modern image University in the target model of the desired future - a multidisciplinary university scientific and educational Center for competence, innovation and technology in the field of maritime economic activity in the Arctic regional direction - FSBEI HE "MSTU" named after I. D. Papanin.

Naming the University named after I.D. Papanin, the legendary Soviet explorer of the Arctic, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, rear admiral, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, will contribute to the formation of a recognizable brand of the University and the promotion of the Arctic image of the University in the national and international scientific and educational space.

The naming of the University named after I. D. Papanin is considered as a separate project, which involves, among other things, the renovation of the architectural image of the MSTU campus:

• modernization of the external facade of the university complex, including the installation of decorative lighting;
• installation of small architectural forms, monuments, thematic installations dedicated to the history of Arctic exploration.

Expected results: a positive, recognizable image of the University will help increase its competitive position in the educational services market and attract applicants, including from other regions, Russian and foreign business and academic partners.”

Decision on the “Petition to the founder - the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation on the assignment of the honorary name of twice hero of the Soviet Union I.D. to the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "MSTU". Papanin" was adopted at the Conference of University workers and students on January 25, 2018 (protocol No. 1).

Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin discovered the North Pole, to which polar explorers and adventurers had been unsuccessfully striving for centuries. The powers were eager. Papanin was the first to land on an Arctic ice floe, set up a drifting station there and opened up a new space for humanity.

He was not a painstaking academic researcher, and this genius did not have any special education. Papanin is from the breed of pioneers. Such as Ermak Timofeevich or Erofey Khabarov. Inquisitiveness and energy for science are sometimes more important than academic depth. And he supported real scientists, skillfully distinguishing them from the crowd of projectors and scammers. This is how Papanin was remembered in Borki - there he created and headed the Institute of Reservoir Biology.

He is from Crimea. Native Sevastopol resident. My grandfather and father served in the Black Sea Fleet. They didn’t build stone chambers, they couldn’t give Ivan an education, and as a teenager Papanin had to work to earn his daily bread.

He didn't have Nobel Prizes, only the stars of the Hero and the Order of Lenin. The West did not count on him cold war with our Motherland. After all, he is a patented Bolshevik, a doctor of science with a simple talk, with a start in life that the sailor Papanin received in the fire of the Civil War. Without such destinies, Soviet power would have turned out to be a lie. And it exists even after the abolition of Belovezhskaya - in history, in our culture and traditions.

The most fearful people of the twentieth century trusted him. A member of the Crimean Revolutionary Committee, famous for her cruelty, Rosalia Zemlyachka, appointed Papanin as commandant of the Crimean Cheka. This was the time of the Red Terror in Crimea. As the commandant of the Cheka, he saw and knew everything, and he himself took part in the repressions. It all ended with “complete nervous exhaustion.” By the way, then he received gratitude for saving the confiscated valuables.

Stalin chose him to be the main conqueror of the North Pole. Such trust is an explosive substance, but Papanin was neither taken by a bullet nor by slander. He is one of the tenacious Ivanovs. Iron joker. Even in faded photographs from the pole, in the general plan, when his face turns into a blurry dot, his smile can be discerned, daring his comrades to do great things.

During the Civil War, Papanin was the organizer of sabotage in Wrangel's rear. Didn't burn in fire, didn't drown in water. Saved the Black Sea Fleet: organized its departure before the Germans arrived...

Hero of the Soviet country, and officially - twice Hero of the Soviet Union, the second in history! He is one of the forgotten Soviet miracles. To understand him, one must open one's heart to the Promethean idea of ​​universal brotherhood for which he fought. Otherwise you and Papanin will not get along.

The song from 1938 has not been played on the radio for many years. Song glorifying the feat:

In the Arctic Ocean

Against northern tornadoes

Ivan Papanin fought

Two hundred and seventy nights.

Four friends guarded

The red flag of the native land -

For the time being, from the south

The icebreakers didn't come!

The poet Alexander Zharov slightly shortened the duration of the expedition, sacrificing accuracy for the sake of poetic length: in fact, the North Pole-1 station worked for 274 days, the whole world watched the fate of the heroes with excitement.

Ivan Papanin, Ernst Krenkel, Evgeny Fedorov and Pyotr Shirshov - the unforgettable four of 1937/38. And the fifth is the dog Vesely, the first, but not the last, world-famous husky.

Icebreakers sailed, sailed,

We swam across the ocean.

The dog Jolly rode and rode

From distant polar countries.

This is how Soviet children will sing. But Vesyoly was known not only in the USSR - both in Europe and America, schoolchildren drew pictures of the wintering dog. This is not an exaggeration; in those years, Soviet propaganda acted inventively, the country knew how to declare itself. In our time, the feat of the Papaninites would most likely simply remain on the margins of popular consciousness - tea, not a TV show.

The USSR was forced to prepare for big war. And the last salvos of the Civil War died down only 15 years before Papanin’s expedition... But the state found funds for science, for industrialization, for the development of the North. Many current masters of life are wasting their future in international brothels, and the Soviet people created a strategic reserve, looking decades ahead.

We live in an age of fake heroes and great provocations. And Papanin’s ice floe is a big truth, and not a television special effect, not a montage of attractions that the current “PR” magicians have mastered.

Revolutionary winds are not only the destruction of the old world, not only class battles, but also faith in enlightenment, in the book. Faith that awakened geniuses - such as Papanin. He, like Pogodin’s revolutionary sailor from “The Kremlin Chimes,” managed to read book after book - from Chekhov to Julius Caesar. They transformed the world. And we managed to do a lot! The discovery of the North Pole confirmed: man is capable of discoveries, capable of improving himself, society, and life. And “there are no fortresses that...” Even harsh nature is not capable of defeating a person moving towards his goal together with his comrades. This is a very, very Soviet story.

Papanin's expedition was considered one of the “Soviet miracles” - and rightfully so. Many people sought to open the North Pole - both Scandinavians and Americans, but only the Papanins succeeded. But this was a collective achievement, as it should be according to Soviet principles. Technical progress, put “on state lines,” came to the rescue. The country had planes and pilots capable of delivering heroes to the pole. Vodopyanov, who was the first to land a plane on an ice floe, is a full-fledged conqueror of the pole. The country already had icebreakers that could, when necessary, return the expedition to Mainland. Let's add the political will of the leadership, for whom the conquest of the North was the key program of the second half of the 30s, and the propaganda skill of the “Pravdists”, “Izvestists”, the Komsomol press, radio employees...

By 1937, Papanin had shown himself to be a reliable organizer of dangerous expeditions; he had several wintering trips in the Arctic. He became close to the North in the mid-20s, when he supervised the construction of a radio station in Yakutia. He was the head of polar stations on Franz Josef Land and on Cape Chelyuskin - on the northernmost point of Eurasia.

Ivan Dmitrievich was proud that the expedition was equipped by Soviet industry. At the Leningrad Shipyard named after. Karakozov built special sledges that weighed only 20 kilograms. The tent was created at the Moscow Kauchuk plant from lightweight aluminum pipes and canvas walls, between which two layers of eiderdown were laid. Papanin also meticulously checked the rubber inflatable floor of the tent. Is it reliable? Convenient? After all, this is not a home for a week or a month. It’s not for nothing that Utesov’s song says: “The country sends us to drift into the distant sea... We’ll be home in a year!” Papanin also organized a drift rehearsal: in the Moscow region they set up their wonderful tent and opened canned food. It took several days for us to get used to each other and the tarpaulin house. The test went well: the cat did not run between friends, and no one questioned Papanin’s commanding authority.

The Papaninites worked almost like in outer space: in a confined space, in constant danger. Every step was an advance into the unknown, into the mysterious. This experience will be useful to astronauts at orbital stations and on multi-month expeditions. Ivan Dmitrievich himself prepared for the drift thoroughly: he even went through cook school. He treated supplies sparingly, as befits an experienced traveler.

There are legends about his resourcefulness: when the polar explorers needed alcohol, it turned out that there was only cognac on the ice floe. A whole barrel of excellent cognac! How to preserve samples of ocean fauna and flora without alcohol? And Papanin managed to extract alcohol from noble cognac - using a specially designed moonshine still. But he also left some cognac - and kept it until the victorious finale of the expedition. When the magnificent four were taken off the melted ice floe, Ivan Dmitrievich cheerfully treated his comrades to the same cognac. And this is also a manifestation of the character of the hereditary sailor, with whom Vsevolod Vishnevsky and Konstantin Trenev were friends. By the way, the sailor Shvandya from Lyubov Yarovaya is a young Papanin. Trenev knew who to write as a resilient hero.

In 274 days of dangerous drift, the station covered 2000 kilometers! This was not just a display of the flag at an open pole. Every day the four carried out research with the goal of opening the northern route for aviation and navigation. Every month Moscow received reports on scientific work.

In the Greenland Sea, by the end of January 1938, the ice floe had shrunk to the size of a volleyball court. Dangerous days and nights followed. Papanin telegraphed to Moscow: “As a result of a six-day storm, at 8 a.m. on February 1, in the area of ​​the station, the field was torn by cracks from half a kilometer to five. We are on a fragment of a field 300 meters long and 200 meters wide. Two bases were cut off, as well as a technical warehouse... There was a crack under the living tent. We will move to a snow house. I’ll give you the coordinates later today; If the connection is lost, please do not worry."

He didn't ask for anything, didn't cry out for help. But help has come! Already on February 19, two icebreakers - "Taimyr" and "Murman" - reached the Papanin ice floe... Every sailor wanted to visit the station, hug the winterers...

Papanin’s last appeal from the station was heard throughout the USSR: “Leaving the drifting ice floe, we leave the Soviet flag on it as a sign that we will never give up the conquest of the country of socialism to anyone!” They really believed in it. A unique generation, special people.

In the film “The Oath,” director Chiaureli showed the mystery of the people’s power. These are collective farmers in the Kremlin Palace, this is Budyonny’s dashing dance, this is the appearance of a leader. And - Papanin, who jokes with the boy. “Are you for real?” - “No, dear baby, I’m a toy, wind-up. When you turn this way, you’re off.” And - the hero comically skipped along the palace parquet floor. An actor was not needed, Ivan Dmitrievich himself appeared in the frame - and did not get lost among the people's artists. Porcelain figurines “Papanin and the Jolly Dog” also appeared on sale, it was national fame!.. But... Papanin built a rich dacha, Stalin visited him. After these gatherings, as the memoirists say, the dacha had to be handed over to the kindergarten.

Even after the ice floe, he worked efficiently and effectively. And at the head of the Northern Sea Route, and during the war years, when he spent days and nights in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, under bombs. The Germans wiped Murmansk off the face of the earth - they bombed it like Stalingrad, but did not break through to the ice-free port: Russia received strategically important cargo from England and the USA. Papanin led the defense and ensured the protection of the sea route. He promoted heroes and was a banner for many. The role of the GKO commissioner for transportation on the White Sea was not symbolic. Papanin's experience and his ability to look for non-standard moves came in handy. He received the shoulder straps of a rear admiral in 1943.

Film director Yuri Salnikov said: in 1985, shortly before his death, ninety-year-old Papanin grabbed him by the button and shouted in an old man’s drawling manner: “I want to live!”

He lived a long time, but he did not see the destruction of the country, he did not witness it. Luck was with the lover of life in this too. For him, the power remained young, daring - he once believed in it, served it, and proudly received its awards.

(14/26.11.1894-30.01.1986) - Arctic explorer, geographer, rear admiral. Born into a sailor's family. He headed the first Soviet drifting station “North Pole-1” (1937 - 38). Head of the “Glavsevmorput” (1939 - 46), during the Great Patriotic War, the State Defense Committee’s authorized representative for transportation in the North. Since 1951, head of the Department of Marine Expeditionary Works of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Director of the Institute of Biology of Inland Waters of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1952 - 72). Author of the books “Life on an Ice Floe” (1938) and “Ice and Fire” (1977).

Biography

Born on November 26, 1894 in Sevastopol in the family of a port sailor, who led a semi-beggarly existence, not even having their own home. They huddled in a strange structure of 4 walls, two of which were pipes, trying to earn at least a penny by helping their mother support her family. Ivan, the eldest of the children, especially suffered. The boy studied well, was first in the class in all subjects, for which he received an offer to continue his education at public expense. But the impressions of a poor and disenfranchised childhood will become decisive in the formation of his personality and character.

The most a bright event, according to the recollections of Papanin himself, the uprising of sailors on the Ochakov in 1905 was for him. He sincerely admired the courage of the sailors who went to certain death. It was then that the future convinced revolutionary was formed in him. At this time, he was learning a trade and working in the factories of his native Sevastopol. By the age of 16, Ivan Papanin was among the best workers at the Sevastopol plant for the production of navigation devices. And at the age of 18, as the most capable, he was selected for further work at the shipbuilding plant in Revel (present-day Tallinn). At the beginning of 1915, Ivan Dmitrievich was drafted into the navy as a technical specialist. In October 1917, together with other workers, he went over to the side of the Red Guards and plunged headlong into revolutionary work. Returning from Revel to Sevastopol, Papanin actively participated in the establishment of Soviet power here. After the occupation of Crimea by German troops on the basis of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Ivan went underground and became one of the leaders of the Bolshevik partisan movement on the peninsula. Revolutionary professionals Mokrousov, Frunze, Kun entrust him with secret and difficult tasks. Over the years, he went through all imaginable difficulties - “fire, water, and copper pipes.”

In August 1920, a group of communists and military specialists from the Red Army, led by A. Mokrousov, landed in Crimea. Their task was to organize partisan warfare in Crimea. Papanin also joined Mokrousov. The rebel army they assembled dealt Wrangel serious blows. The White Guards had to withdraw troops from the front. To destroy the partisans, military units from Feodosia, Sudak, Yalta, Alushta, and Simferopol began to surround the forest. However, the partisan detachments managed to break out of the encirclement and retreat into the mountains. It was necessary to contact the command, report on the situation and coordinate their plans with the headquarters of the Southern Front. It was decided to send a reliable person to Soviet Russia. The choice fell on I.D. Papanin.

In the current situation, it was possible to get to Russia only through Trebizond. It was possible to agree with the smugglers that for a thousand Nikolaev rubles they would transport the person to the opposite shore of the Black Sea. The journey turned out to be long and unsafe. He managed to meet with the Soviet consul, who on the very first night sent Papanin on a large transport ship to Novorossiysk. And already in Kharkov he was received by the commander of the Southern Front, M.V. Frunze. Having received the necessary help, Papanin began to get ready for Return trip. In Novorossiysk he was joined by the future famous writer Vsevolod Vishnevsky.

It was November, the sea was constantly stormy, but there was no time to waste. One night, the paratroopers went to sea on the ships “Rion”, “Shokhin” and the boat where Papanin was located. They walked in the dark, with the lights extinguished, in the conditions of a severe storm. The boat circled for a long time, looking for “Rion” and “Shokhin” in the darkness, but, convinced of the futility of the search, it headed for the Crimea. On the way, we came across the White Guard ship “Three Brothers”. To prevent the crew from reporting the landing, the owner of the ship and his companion... were taken hostage, and the crew was given an ultimatum: not to approach the shore for 24 hours. The incessant storm exhausted everyone. In the dark we approached the village of Kapsikhor. They dragged all the cargo ashore. Replenished with local residents, the detachment of Mokrousov and Papanin moved towards Alushta, disarming the retreating White Guards along the way. On the approach to the city, the Red partisans linked up with units of the 51st Division of the Southern Front.

After the defeat last army white movement- Wrangel's army - Papanin is appointed commandant of the Crimean Extraordinary Commission (Cheka). During this work he received gratitude for saving confiscated valuables.

Needless to say, what the Cheka is, especially in Crimea. This organization was entrusted with an extremely important mission here - to physically destroy the remnants of the Whites, the flower of the Russian officers. Despite Frunze's promises to save their lives after they laid down their arms, about 60 thousand people were shot, drowned, or buried alive.

Unfortunately, it is difficult to trace the transformation of Papanin’s worldview during the terrible years of the revolution. But, undoubtedly, these bloody events left many scars on his heart. As the commandant of the Cheka, he saw and knew everything, but he did not write or say anything about it anywhere and never. He didn’t write, and he couldn’t write, because otherwise he would have been turned into “camp dust,” like many thousands of his comrades.

Of course, Ivan Dmitrievich, being a cheerful and friendly person by nature, conscientious and humane, could not help but think about what was happening. It is curious that it was Papanin who became the prototype of the sailor Shvandi in the play by playwright K. Trenev “Yarovaya Love”. He, of course, compared the ideals that the Bolsheviks called for and what happened in real life before his eyes and with his participation. He drew conclusions and decided to take an unexpected action, which can only be explained by changes in views on what was happening. He seriously decided to move away from politics and revolution and engage in science.

Without receiving special knowledge, having gone through the thorny path of self-education, he will reach significant scientific heights. Thus, Papanin’s “first” life was given to the revolution, and his “second” to science. His ideals drowned in the bloodstream of the Bolshevik Red Terror, and, realizing his guilt and repenting, he decides to disassociate himself from revolutionary violence. However, over the next four years, Papanin could not find a place for himself in the literal and figurative sense of the word.

Fate decreed that in the future I.D. Papanin will be treated kindly by Stalin, always being in his sight. For Papanin, the “second half” of life is much longer - as much as 65 years. He becomes the military commandant of the Ukrainian Central Executive Committee in Kharkov. However, by the will of fate, he again ended up in the Revolutionary Military Council of the Black Sea Fleet as a secretary, and in April 1922 he was transferred to Moscow as a commissar of the Administrative Department of the Glavmortekhkhozupra. The following year, having already been demobilized, he went to work in the system of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs as a business manager and head of the Central Directorate of Paramilitary Security.

Papanin constantly changes jobs and places of residence. It’s as if something is tormenting him, for some reason his soul is hurting, he is looking for her reassurance and an activity where she would find peace, get the opportunity to temporarily detach herself from what she has experienced, come to her senses and figure everything out. And the North became such a place for him. Here, in 1925, Papanin began building a radio station in Yakutia and proved himself to be an excellent organizer and simply a person who can be trusted to resolve complex issues and who will never let you down, even in the most difficult conditions. It was for these qualities that the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks appointed him in 1937 as head of the polar station SP-1.

For Soviet Russia, the opening of permanent navigation of ships along the Northern Sea Route was of utmost importance. For this purpose, a special department was even created - Glavsevmorput. But to operate the route it was necessary to carry out a series of multifaceted scientific research in the Arctic: indicate the presence of underwater currents, ice drift paths, timing of their melting, and much more. To resolve these issues, it was necessary to land a scientific expedition directly on the ice floe. The expedition had to work on ice for a long time. The risk of dying in these extreme conditions was very big.

Perhaps no event between the two world wars attracted as much attention as the drift of the “Papanin Four” in the Arctic. Scientific work on the ice floe lasted 274 days and nights. At first it was a huge ice field of several square kilometers, and when the Papanins were removed from it, the size of the ice floe barely reached the area of ​​a volleyball court. The whole world followed the epic of the polar explorers, and everyone wanted only one thing - the salvation of people.

After this feat, Ivan Papanin, Ernst Krenkel, Evgeny Fedorov and Pyotr Shirshov turned into national heroes and became a symbol of everything Soviet, heroic and progressive. If you look at newsreel footage of how Moscow greeted them, it becomes clear what these names meant at that time. After the gala reception in Moscow there were dozens, hundreds, thousands of meetings throughout the country. The polar explorers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. This was Papanin’s second such award - he received the first at the beginning of the drift.

This was in 1938, a terrible year for the country. At this time, thousands of people were destroyed, most of them constituting the intellectual elite of the people. The criterion for reprisals was one thing - the ability to provide not only active, but also passive resistance to the totalitarian regime. They especially targeted those who installed Soviet power, with the Bolsheviks of the first draft. There is nothing surprising in this - the old guard could be the first to oppose the revision of Marxist-Leninist teachings, and therefore was subject to destruction. And Papanin would have been among these victims if he had not left the Cheka in 1921.

Papanin lived for another 40 years, filled with activities, events, and people. After drifting in the Arctic, he becomes first deputy and then head of the Main Northern Sea Route. Tasks of enormous national importance fell on his shoulders. Since the beginning of the war, he has been building a new port in Arkhangelsk, which was simply necessary to receive ships bringing cargo from the United States under Lend-Lease. He deals with similar problems in Murmansk and the Far East.

After the war, Ivan Dmitrievich again worked in the Main Northern Sea Route, and then created the scientific fleet of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1951, he was appointed head of the Department of Marine Expeditionary Works under the apparatus of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Papanin's merits were appreciated. Few people had such an “iconostasis” of awards as his. In addition to two titles of Hero of the Soviet Union, 9 Orders of Lenin and many other orders and medals, not only Soviet, but also foreign. He was also awarded the military rank of rear admiral and a scientist - Doctor of Geographical Sciences.

Maybe, outstanding man in any historical era and under any life circumstances is able to realize potential opportunities. The external outline of events, the framing of fate may be different, but the internal, decisive side remains constant. Firstly, this concerns efforts to achieve basic goals, and secondly, the ability to remain a person of high moral principles under any historical conditions. Papanin's life is a clear confirmation of this.

I.D. died Papanin in January 1986. His name is immortalized three times on a geographical map. The waters of the polar seas are plied by ships named in his honor. He is an honorary citizen of Sevastopol, his hometown, in which one of the streets bears the name of Papanin.

Bibliography

• "Life on an Ice Floe" (1938)
• "Ice and Fire" (1977)

Awards, prizes and memberships

• Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1937, 1940)
• 9 Orders of Lenin (1937, 1938, May 1944, November 1944, 1945, 1956, 1964, 1974, 1984)
• Order of the October Revolution (1971)
• 2 Orders of the Red Banner (1922, 1950)
• Order of Nakhimov, 1st class (1945)
• Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (1985)
• 2 Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1955, 1980)
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (1982)
• Order of the Red Star (1945)
• Medal "For Military Merit"
• Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
• Medal "20 years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"
• other medals, foreign awards.
• Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1938)
• Rear Admiral (1943)
• Honorary citizen of the hero city of Murmansk (1974)
• Honorary citizen of the city of Arkhangelsk (1975)
• Honorary citizen of the hero city Sevastopol (1979)
• Honorary citizen of the city of Lipetsk
• Honorary citizen of the Yaroslavl region

Memory

The following are named after Papanin:

• cape on the Taimyr Peninsula
• mountains in Antarctica
• seamount in the Pacific Ocean
• Institute of Inland Water Biology
• streets in the Moscow district of Lianozovo, Lipetsk, Murmansk, Yekaterinburg, Izmail and Yubilein (Korolev, Moscow region), Yaroslavl
• scientific and sports expedition.

• There is a memorial plaque installed on the house on Arbat where Papanin lived.
• In 1954, a monument to him was erected in Sevastopol.
• In 2003, a monument was opened in Murmansk.

During the period of extensive hydraulic construction on the Volga, the academic Institute of Biology of Reservoirs was opened (later the Institute of Biology of Inland Waters of the USSR Academy of Sciences), which was entrusted with the task of studying changes in the Volga basin (as they would now say, monitoring its ecological systems). This institution was headed by the legendary Soviet polar explorer Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin, Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, who at one time did a lot to organize a scientific center for the study of the Volga in the Kuibyshev region (Fig. 1).

Environmental control needed

Advanced Russian scientists first spoke about the need for a comprehensive study of the impact of economic activity on the basin of the great Russian Volga River back in the 19th century. Although at that time the influence of industry, transport and Agriculture on the Volga ecosystems has not yet acquired the scale that we see today, however, the first negative signs have already worried the leading minds of our country.

As we know, negative changes noticeable to the naked eye in the basin of the largest river in Europe became visible by the middle of the twentieth century, when almost the entire Volga channel was turned into a cascade of reservoirs. In addition, at that time, industrial enterprises were built one after another in coastal cities, polluting the once clean water.

By the mid-50s, about 25% of our country’s industrial potential, more than 20% of the total agricultural volume and almost 40% of the Russian population were already concentrated in the Volga basin, which occupies only 8% of Russia’s territory. It is clear that such a huge load on the river could not but affect the quality of the Volga water, its fish resources and the general sanitary situation in this region.

The Institute of Biology of Reservoirs (later - the Institute of Biology of Inland Waters of the USSR Academy of Sciences) was founded in the village of Borok, Yaroslavl region. When it was created, it was obvious that one point for exploring such a huge river as the Volga would clearly not be enough. Therefore, under the influence of the scientific community, the then leadership of the USSR decided on the need to create large biological research stations in other cities of the Volga region.

Looking ahead, it must be said that in 1957 such a station was opened in Stavropol-on-Volga (now Togliatti). But about why it was built here, there is the following story, which, however, is supported by solid memoirs, including the director of the Institute of Inland Water Biology I.D. Papanina.

Curriculum Vitae

Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin was born on November 14 (26), 1894 in Sevastopol, in the family of a sailor Navy. After studying for four years in primary school, in 1908 he went to work at a factory. In 1914, the young man was called up for military service in the navy. In 1918-1920, Ivan Papanin participated in Civil War in Ukraine and Crimea, where he was involved in organizing sabotage against White Guard troops and creating rebel detachments. In 1920, he was appointed commissar of operational management under the commander of the naval forces of the Southwestern Front.

In November of the same 1920, Papanin was appointed commandant of the Crimean Cheka, then he worked here as an investigator. In 1921, Papanin was transferred to Kharkov as the military commandant of the Ukrainian Central Executive Committee, and from July 1921 to March 1922 he worked as secretary of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Black Sea Fleet.

In 1922, Papanin was sent to Moscow to the post of commissar of the economic administration of the People's Commissariat of Maritime Affairs, and in 1923 at the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs he became the business manager and head of the Central Directorate of Paramilitary Security. In 1923-1925, Papanin studied at the Higher Communications Courses, after which he was sent to Yakutia as deputy head of the expedition to build a radio station.

In 1932-1933, Papanin was the head of the Tikhaya Bay polar station on the Franz Josef Land islands, and in 1934-1935 - the head of the station at Cape Chelyuskin.

Taking into account his experience in the Arctic, the leadership of the Main Northern Sea Route, in agreement with the Soviet government, instructed I.D. Papanin to head the world's first drifting station, the North Pole, which operated in the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean from June 1937 to February 1938. Together with Papanin, meteorologist and geophysicist E.K. also worked at the station. Fedorov, radio operator E.T. Krenkel and hydrobiologist and oceanographer P.P. Shirshov. Last days the station was in an emergency situation because the ice floe on which it was located began to crack and break. The polar explorers were rescued by the icebreakers Murman and Taimyr.

All participants of the expedition after its completion were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The scientific results obtained in this unique northern drift were presented to the general meeting of the USSR Academy of Sciences on March 6, 1938 and received the most highly appreciated specialists. Then I.D. Papanin, together with the station radio operator E.T. Krenkel received doctorates in geographical sciences (Fig. 2, 3).

In 1939-1946 he worked as the head of the Main Northern Sea Route, and in this post in 1940 he became Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. After the start of the war, on October 15, 1941, Papanin combined this post with the position of Commissioner of the State Defense Committee for transportation on the White Sea. In 1946-1949 I.D. Papanin temporarily retired and was treated for angina. However, his active nature did not allow the veteran to rest for a long time, and in 1949 Papanin was appointed deputy director of the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences for expeditions, and in 1951 he headed the Department of Marine Expeditionary Works in the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In 1956 I.D. Papanin also became the director of the Institute of Biology of Reservoirs (later the Institute of Biology of Inland Waters of the USSR Academy of Sciences), which was located in the village of Borok.

Volzhsky voyage

When the above-mentioned government decree on the creation of a biological station in the Middle Volga was issued, Papanin and his colleagues considered several options for its location. Ulyanovsk was previously chosen as the main point.

And so, in order to personally examine these places, Papanin in the summer of 1956 went down the Volga on an expedition ship. During this trip, an almost anecdotal incident happened to him, because of which the biological station ended up not in Ulyanovsk, but in Stavropol.

Many already knew then that Ivan Papanin, a brave polar explorer and honored scientist, was not deprived of some human weaknesses. In particular, he loved to drink and was also a master of profanity. Shortly before the ship was supposed to approach Ulyanovsk, Papanin, during an evening feast, took more cognac than usual, after which he went to bed.

The ship approached the Ulyanovsk port late at night. And here, when trying to wake up the famous polar explorer, he did not hesitate to demonstrate to the representatives of the ship’s crew all his obscene vocabulary. The captain decided not to take any more risks, and the ship headed further down the Volga. As a result, Papanin woke up only late in the morning, when the entire expedition moored in Kuibyshev.

Seeing overboard a completely different city than the one he was supposed to visit according to the trip plan, Papanin once again “let off steam” in relation to the captain, who, in his opinion, did not wake him up actively enough at night. However, the emotional release soon had its effect. The leader of the expedition quickly cooled down and decided that, since this had happened, it was necessary to go to the Kuibyshev Regional Party Committee.

At the regional party headquarters, the polar explorer, to his surprise, met his old acquaintance, Ivan Komzin, who at that time was the head of the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric station, and later became a Hero of Socialist Labor. Papanin also met with him more than once during the Great Patriotic War (Fig. 4).

Komzin immediately invited Papanin to his place in Stavropol, for the construction of a hydroelectric power station - to take a steam bath and reminisce. And after such a bath ablution, sipping beer in the fresh air, Komzin proposed to the director of the Institute of Reservoirs to install a biological station right here, near the Zhiguli Mountains. “We are building the world’s largest hydroelectric power station here,” said Ivan Vasilyevich, “so can’t we find several dump trucks of bricks for the buildings of your station?” Komzin later said that Papanin agreed to this proposal without further hesitation.

The grand opening of the station took place quite soon - on December 30, 1957. Subsequently, all experts noted that, from the point of view of scientific significance, the location for its placement in close proximity to the hydroelectric power station was chosen ideally.

The first director of the biological station was Nikolai Dzyuban, Candidate of Biological Sciences, who participated in the development of the plan for his future institution, and then supervised its construction, as they say, from the first peg until the very moment of the grand opening. Subsequently, Nikolai Andreevich headed the biological station until 1974, when he went to work in the newly created hydrobiological monitoring laboratory at the Tolyatti branch of the hydrometeorological service (Fig. 5).

Since its foundation, the Kuibyshev Biological Station has studied various hydrobiological processes occurring in the newly formed reservoir, and primarily the formation of its flora and fauna. Later, the scope of its activities became not only the Zhiguli Sea, but in general the entire complex of southern reservoirs of the Volga-Kama cascade.

Research into the flora and fauna of these huge bodies of water has been carried out comprehensively for many years. This means that simultaneously with the study of zoo- and phytoplankton, microorganisms, benthic organisms and ichthyofauna in the field, hydrological and hydrochemical research was in full swing. In subsequent years, research in the field of hydrophysics also began here. Biological station scientists studied the dynamics of changes in the banks of the reservoir, its temperature regime in different seasons of the year, measured water transparency, directions and speeds of currents, and so on.

The result of these studies was hundreds and thousands of scientific papers, which showed changes in the productivity of reservoirs, the biological characteristics of its inhabitants, positive and negative trends in fish catches over the years, and much more. All this data immediately found application in assessing the food supply for fishing, in protecting hydraulic structures from fouling, in monitoring negative environmental changes in the reservoir, and so on.

Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin died on January 30, 1986 and was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy cemetery (Fig. 6, 7).

Institute for the entire Volga

In the early 80s it became obvious that the level scientific work biological station in Tolyatti by that time had significantly exceeded the status of an ordinary unit of the USSR Academy of Sciences. At the same time, the Soviet and party bodies received several proposals to transform the biological station into a full-fledged academic institute, which could be tasked with broad monitoring of the environmental situation throughout the Volga basin. And the arguments turned out to be so weighty that the government’s decision on this matter did not take long to arrive.

In July 1983, in accordance with the order of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the Kuibyshev Biological Station in Tolyatti was transformed into an independent Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin under the USSR Academy of Sciences. Its first director was Doctor of Biological Sciences Stanislav Konovalov (Fig. 8, 9).

Since December 1991, the Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been headed by Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member Russian Academy Sciences Gennady Rosenberg. His interests include studying ecological systems and predicting their dynamics depending on conditions environment(Fig. 10).

The deputy director of the institute is now Doctor of Biological Sciences Sergei Saksonov, the largest expert on the flora of Samara Luka and the entire Middle Volga region. Previously, he worked as a researcher at the Zhigulevsky State Nature Reserve (Fig. 11, 12).

Valery EROFEEV.

Bibliography

Volga and its life. L., Nauka, 1978.: 1-348.

Erofeev V.V. 1991. Discovery of the Volga. - On Sat. “Samara local historian”, part 1, Samara. book publishing house, pp. 11-30.

Erofeev V.V., Chubachkin E.A. 2007. Samara province - native land. T.I. Samara, “Samara Book Publishing House”, 416 p.

Erofeev V.V., Chubachkin E.A. 2008. Samara province - native land. T.II. Samara, publishing house "Book", 304 p.

Erofeev V.V., Zakharchenko T.Ya., Nevsky M.Ya., Chubachkin E.A. 2008. According to Samara miracles. Sights of the province. Publishing house "Samara House of Printing", 168 p.

Zhadin V.I. 1940. Life in the Kuibyshev Reservoir. - Journal “Nature”, No. 6, p.85.

Krenkel E.T. 1973. RAEM - my call signs. M.: Soviet Russia, 436 p.

The legends were Zhiguli. 3rd edition, revised. and additional Kuibyshev, Kuib. book publishing house 1979. 520 p.

Lukin A.V. 1975. Kuibyshev Reservoir. – News of GosNIORKH, vol. 102, pp. 105-117.

Matveeva G.I., Medvedev E.I., Nalitova G.I., Khramkov A.V. 1984. Samara region. Kuibyshev, Kuib. book publishing house

Papanin Ivan Dmitrievich // Otomi - Plaster. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975. - (Big Soviet encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov; 1969-1978, vol. 19).

Papanin I.D. 1977. Life on an Ice Floe. M.: Thought.

Fortunatov M.A. 1971. About some problems of studying the Volga and reservoirs of the Volga basin. - On Sat. "Volga-I. Problems of studying and rational use of biological resources of water bodies. Proceedings of the First Conference on the Study of Reservoirs of the Volga Basin. Kuibyshev, Kuib. book publishing house 1971",:11-18.

Fedorov E.K. 1982. Polar Diaries. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat.

Khramkov L.V. 2003. Introduction to Samara local history. Tutorial. Samara, publishing house "NTC".

Khramkov L.V., Khramkova N.P. 1988. Samara region. Tutorial. Kuibyshev, Kuib. book publishing house 128 p.

Papanin Ivan Dmitrievich - head of the first Soviet drifting station "North Pole" and the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route.

Born on November 14 (26), 1894 in the city of Sevastopol in the family of a sailor. Russian. In 1909 he graduated from the zemstvo primary school, in 1929 - special courses at Osoaviakhim, in 1931 - Higher Communications Courses of the People's Commissariat of Post and Telegraph, in 1932 - the first year of the Faculty of Communications of the Planning Academy. Apprentice turner in the mechanical workshops of Chernoaz sailing stations (October 1909 - June 1912), turner in the workshops of the Sevastopol military port (June 1912 - December 1913), shipyard in Reval (now Tallinn) (December 1913 - December 1914).

In service in the Russian Imperial Navy since 1914. Sailor of the semi-crew of the Sevastopol military port (December 1914 - November 1917).

In the Red Guard since 1917: Red Guard fighter of the Black Sea detachment of revolutionary sailors in Crimea (November 1917 - November 1918), Red Army soldier-organizer of sailors behind enemy lines in Crimea (November 1918 - November 1919); participated in the creation of the partisan movement on the peninsula, in battles against the White Guards in Ukraine and Crimea. Chairman of the presidium of the workshop cell of the Zadneprovsk naval brigade of armored trains and armored personnel of the 14th and 12th armies (November 1919 - March 1920). Member of the RCP(b)/VKP(b)/CPSU since 1919.

Commissioner of the Operational Directorate of the Commander of the Naval Forces of the Southwestern Front (March-July 1920), commandant and member of the Revolutionary Military Council (RMC) of the Crimean Revolutionary Insurgent Army (March-October 1920), commander of the landing force, a detachment of sailors, commandant and head of the Cheka fighting detachment with banditry in Crimea (October 1920 - March 1921); at the disposal of the military commissar under the commander of the Naval Forces of the Republic (March-July 1921). Secretary of the RVS of the Black Sea Naval Forces (July 1921 - March 1922), Commissioner of the Economic Administration of the State Medical Academy of the Marine Forces (March 1922 - August 1923). Dismissed for violation of military and labor discipline; in reserve (August 1923 – December 1926, August 1931 – October 1939). Deputy responsible head of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs (NKPT) for the organization of communications in Yakutia (August 1923 - January 1927), head of the Central Directorate of Paramilitary Security of the NKPT of the USSR (January 1927 - August 1931).

He led the expedition and then the construction of a radio station at the Aldan gold mines. Head of the expedition and polar station in Tikhaya Bay on Franz Josef Land (April 1932 - December 1933), polar station at Cape Chelyuskin (December 1933 - December 1935), head of the drifting expedition "North Pole-1" (December 1935 - April 1938) , which marked the beginning of a systematic study of the high-latitude regions of the polar basin. The drift of the station, which began on May 21, 1937, lasted 274 days and ended on February 19, 1938 in the Greenland Sea. During this time, the ice floe covered 2100 km. The expedition members (oceanologist P.P. Shirshov, geophysicist E.K. Fedorov and radio operator E.T. Krenkel) managed to collect unique material about the nature of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean under incredibly difficult conditions.

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 27, 1937, for successful research work and skillful management of the North Pole station on a drifting ice floe Papanin Ivan Dmitrievich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin. After the establishment of the special distinction, he was awarded the Gold Star medal.

Deputy Chief (March 1938 – October 1939), Head of the Main Northern Sea Route under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (October 1939 – August 1946). In the first years, he focused on the construction of powerful icebreakers and the development of Arctic navigation; in 1940, he led an expedition to remove the icebreaking steamship Georgy Sedov from ice captivity after an 812-day drift.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated February 3, 1940, the head of the Main Northern Sea Route was awarded the second “Gold Star” medal for the exemplary fulfillment of the government task of removing the icebreaking steamer “Georgy Sedov” from the Arctic ice and the heroism displayed during this process. I.D. Papanin is one of the glorious five of those glorious sons of our Motherland who, before the start of the Great Patriotic War, was twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

During the Great Patriotic War, he made a significant contribution to organizing the uninterrupted movement of ships along the Northern Sea Route. Since October 15, 1941, he has been authorized by the State Defense Committee for maritime transport in the White Sea and the organization of loading and unloading in the Arkhangelsk port. In October 1943, he led the radical reconstruction of the port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Seconded to the USSR Academy of Sciences (October 1944 - August 1946 and from October 1948). On long-term treatment (July 1946 - August 1948). Deputy Director of the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences (August 1948 - June 1950) for expeditionary affairs, director of the Institute of Biology and Inland Waters of the USSR Academy of Sciences (June 1950 - June 1965), at the same time head of the Department of Marine Expeditionary Works of the USSR Academy of Sciences (August 1951 - January 1986).

Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st and 2nd convocations (1937-1950).

Lived in the city of Moscow. Died on January 30, 1986. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

Rear Admiral (05/25/1943). Awarded 9 Orders of Lenin (06/27/1937, 03/22/1938, 05/1/1944, 11/26/1944, 12/2/1945, 12/30/1956, 11/26/1964, 11/26/1974, 11/23/1984), the Order of October Russian Revolution (07/20/1971) , 2 Orders of the Red Banner (1922, 11/15/1950), Order of Nakhimov 1st degree (07/08/1945), Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree (03/11/1985), 2 Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (01/22/1955, 01/8/1980 ), orders of Friendship of Peoples (12/17/1982), Red Star (11/10/1945), medals, including “For Military Merit” (11/3/1944), as well as orders and medals of foreign countries.

Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1938). Awarded the S.O. Makarov Gold Medal of the USSR Academy of Sciences (11/22/1984; for outstanding contribution to the development of scientific research in the Arctic Ocean and for the creation of the country’s research fleet).

Honorary citizen of the hero cities of Murmansk (08/19/1977) and Sevastopol (12/20/1979), as well as Arkhangelsk (04/11/1975), Lipetsk (1982), Yaroslavl region and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (2000, Ukraine).

Busts in his honor were installed in Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Sevastopol and the village of Borok, Nekouzsky district, Yaroslavl region. Memorial plaques were installed in Arkhangelsk and Moscow. A cape on the Taimyr Peninsula, mountains in Antarctica, an underwater mountain in the Pacific Ocean, the Institute of Inland Water Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, streets in Arkhangelsk (Papanintsev Street, 1962; Papanina Street, 1986), Yekaterinburg, Izmail, Lipetsk, Murmansk and Yaroslavl are named after him. The I.D. Papanin Museum is located in the village of Borok. At the National Museum of the Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol, a museum exhibition has been created - a stationary exhibition “Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin - Sevastopol Columbus”.