Sections: Sports at school and children's health

The program of the elective course in physical culture “OFP” was developed for students of grade 9 of the profile level, taking into account the physical development of students, the possibilities of the sports base and based on the requirements for students graduating from basic general education and is designed for 34 hours or 1 hour per week.

Purpose: to increase the motor activity of students, the formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle, the general improvement of the body.

• to teach the student how to creatively apply the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities to maintain high level physical and mental performance, health status, improve the formed competencies;
• improvement of specific motor actions, development of motor abilities, formation of skills to train independently and carry out physical culture and health and sports activities; ?
• enable the student to realize his interest in the subject;
• clarify the readiness and ability of the student to master the chosen subject at an advanced level;
• create conditions for preparing for the elective exam in the subject “Physical Education”;
• to enable students to use the acquired knowledge in their future life and practical activities.

The methodological basis of this program of the elective course is the Educational standards of basic general education in physical education (basic and profile level).

The system of arrangement of the material, the completeness of the presentation of information, the nature of the selection of material are aimed at achieving the educational, educational, informational goals outlined in the State Standard: to improve health, promote harmonious development, acquire the necessary knowledge in the field of physical culture and sports, promote the education of moral and volitional qualities, development of mental processes and personality traits.

The material and technical base of the school makes it possible to include classes in the following sports into the designated course: athletics, volleyball, basketball, table tennis, gymnastics with elements of acrobatics, shaping.

This working programm is a type 2 program, since the number of hours allotted for the development of educational material differs significantly from that in the program of the authors V.I. Lyakh and A.A. Zdanevich. In addition, in the proposed program, the educational material is supplemented with such sections as "Table Tennis" and "Shaping", and the material of the section "Basics of knowledge about physical culture" is studied in the context of a particular sport and is of key importance in the applied nature of this elective course.

1. Fundamentals of knowledge

• features of the development of the chosen sport;
• pedagogical, physiological and psychological bases of teaching motor actions and education of physical qualities, modern forms of building classes and systems of physical exercises with different functional orientations;
• biodynamic features and content of physical exercises of a general developmental and corrective orientation, the basics of their use in solving problems of physical development and health promotion;
• age features development of leading mental processes and physical qualities, the possibility of forming individual traits and personality traits through regular physical education;
• psychofunctional features of one's own organism;
• individual ways to control the development of the adaptive properties of the body, improve health and improve physical fitness;
• ways of organizing independent physical exercises with different functional orientations, rules for the use of sports equipment and equipment, principles for creating the simplest sports facilities and grounds;
• rules of personal hygiene, injury prevention and first aid during physical exercises.

2. Athletics

• Running at a steady pace: 20-25 minutes. (boys), 15–20 min. (girls);
• Running at a variable pace: 10-15 minutes.

3. Sports games:

Volleyball

• player stances and movements;
• passing the ball;
• bottom feed;
• receiving the ball after serving;
• two-sided game;
• direct attack;
• single blocking.

Basketball

• standing, moving, stopping, passing and catching the ball;
• dribbling with the right and left hand;
• throwing the ball one and two from a place and on the move.

4. Gymnastics with elements of acrobatics

• vault with legs bent;
• acrobatics: rolls back; stand on the shoulder blades, turns to the side; two somersaults forward; jump up bending over.

5. Table tennis

• movement;
• hitting and serving left and right;
• direct blows with rotation;
• Single player game.

6. Shaping

• general impact exercises;
• exercises for the abdominal muscles;
• exercises for the muscles of the back;
• exercises for the gluteal muscles;
• exercises for the abductor muscles of the thigh;
• hip extensor muscles;
• exercises for the muscles of the upper shoulder girdle;
• development of various muscle groups with a change in dosage in terms of time, quantity and intensity of exercise.

Requirements to prepare students:

At the end of the program of the course "PPP", students must demonstrate the following knowledge :

Features of individual physical culture and sports;

Basic concepts of a healthy lifestyle;

Fundamentals of sports hygiene;

Dosage of individual physical culture and sports.

Motor skills and abilities:

Technically correct to perform the basic movements in the proposed sports;

Demonstrate the performance of an individually designed set of general physical training exercises.

Gnezdilov Mikhail Anatolyevich, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Physical Education, Kuzbass State Technical University. T.F. Gorbachev, Kemerovo [email protected]

The role of elective courses in physical culture in the formation of social competence and adaptability of university students

Annotation.In modern education attention to the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists has increased. At the same time, the role of the university is to provide conditions for the inclusion of students in activities in which the process of socialization proceeds not spontaneously, but purposefully. Along with other disciplines, physical education plays an important role. In particular, the author refers to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Establishment, which speaks of the need for students to have the ability to use the methods and means of physical culture to ensure full-fledged social and professional activities. The purpose of this article is to reveal the role of physical culture in the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists. According to the author, one of the solutions to this issue is the introduction of elective courses in physical culture into the educational process, aimed at implementing individual and differentiated approaches to learning. The author argues that the introduction of elective courses in physical culture in educational process University allows you to create conditions for the inclusion of students in such activities, in which, on the one hand, the development of their independence, self-organization, their interests and needs are realized, on the other hand, interpersonal interaction is carried out in groups according to sports preferences, which, as a result, contributes to the formation of their general social competence and adaptability. Keywords: social competence of university students, adaptability, socialization, collective form of organization, team building, elective courses

Some social tension and the need to quickly respond to changing living conditions in Russia and the world explain the interest of domestic and foreign psychological and pedagogical science in the problem of personality socialization. In modern education, attention to the formation of social competence and adaptability of future specialists in various professional fields has significantly increased. different from the former, former schoolchildren are faced with the problem of adaptation. in higher educational institution they are required to be more independent in mastering the educational material, the need to establish interpersonal relationships in the emerging team, while it is possible to completely or partially change the old stereotypes of life and the formation of new ones. This difficult period of adaptation of former schoolchildren to new conditions of education and interpersonal communication is complicated by their age crisis. The requirements for mastering the necessary level of social competence for modern students are set out in the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the areas of undergraduate education. The most important role of the university in the implementation of the requirements of the Federal State Educational and Educational Establishment is to provide conditions for the inclusion of students in such types of activities in which the process of socialization does not proceed spontaneously, but purposefully and contributes to the development of the ability of future specialists to effectively solve their goals and objectives.

One of the important conditions for the formation of social competence, in our opinion, is the collective form of organization of students' educational activities, in which, along with other disciplines that have this educational potential, physical education plays an important role. methods and means of physical culture to ensure a full-fledged social and professional activity (OK8). We believe that in the process of physical culture lessons one of the key abilities of socially competent specialists is formed - the ability to team building and interaction within the formed team. How academic discipline physical culture contributes to a long and rather complex process of forming social competencies due to the use of team sports games as a means of physical education and the formation of certain groups according to the sports preferences of students. But, it is worth noting that interaction and productive interpersonal communication in such groups is often complicated by the problem of differentiating the load and control standards, taking into account the type of constitution, the level of physical development and the state of health of students, their interests and needs. According to the results of the All-Russian sociological survey conducted among students of higher educational institutions in 2016, the most common activities in physical education classes are physical exercises (97.5%). Of the sports most often practiced are athletics (92.1%), outdoor and sports games (85.4%), gymnastics with the basics of acrobatics (72.8%). But it was found that the presented practiced sports do not meet the interests and needs of all the students surveyed. A significant part of the respondents noted that currently popular sports, new fitness areas are not practiced in the classroom. It was found that when organizing physical education in higher educational institutions, such forms of physical activity as hockey, shooting, handball, weightlifting, rugby, rounders, yoga, crossfit, swimming, table tennis, orienteering, which, according to the results of the survey, are the most attractive for students. It was also determined that a significant proportion of students who took part in the social survey are attracted by the performance of tasks on simulators (86%), the assessment of their body condition and performance (72.7%). Only 73.9% of students receive methodological justification of the material being studied in practical classes. When presenting theoretical material, computer technologies, visual aids, films and presentations and other additional materials are rarely used (23%). 48.8% of respondents are interested in presentations, 31.2% are interested in doing tasks on a computer. In general, about 80% of respondents are interested in all types of activities traditionally used in physical education classes. At the same time, regardless of the characteristics of the state of health, the majority of the students surveyed showed a fairly high motivation and their interest in improving the quality of physical education teaching. In our opinion, all the above problems activate the search for new approaches and forms of organization of the educational process in physical education classes. The solution to these problems, we believe, is the introduction of elective courses in physical culture into the educational process, aimed at the implementation of individual and differentiated approaches to learning. Elective courses are courses that contribute to the deepening of individualization and differentiation of education and are designed to satisfy the educational needs (interests, inclinations) of students. “Elective courses are the most important means of building individual educational programs, since they are most connected with the choice of the content of education by each student, depending on his interests, abilities and subsequent life plans "We believe that the introduction of elective courses makes it possible to increase the attractiveness of classes for students and, as a result, increase their cognitive and physical activity. Elective courses provide students with the opportunity to choose the optimal mode of training, a model of physical education, an interest group, taking into account their individual characteristics, both on the basis of traditional and modern sports areas (a group of general physical training, a section or a group in a particular sport) within the general schedule. Strengthening the gaming and competitive components of the classes allows you to develop general cultural competencies, the ability to organize effective communication, work in a team and ensure fair competition.

Classes in elective courses also involve a consistent and detailed methodological explanation of the technique of performing physical exercises and the subsequent effect, providing students with the opportunity to track these effects together with the teacher and independently, including assessing the state of their body and working capacity during the lesson. Active use of modern information and computer technologies in the implementation of elective courses, the use of active and interactive methods of work, interactive electronic teaching aids of a new generation, multimedia visual materials, analysis of sports news and current trends in the field of physical culture and sports create conditions for increasing the efficiency of mastering the theoretical part of the program. Of course, it must be taken into account that the introduction of elective physical education courses into the educational process of the university will require the modernization of the sports infrastructure and ensuring its compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, the improvement of locker rooms and showers, and the equipping of sports facilities with the necessary modern inventory and equipment. In general, elective courses are focused on learning, which is based on the social needs of society, the ability to use the acquired competencies in everyday and professional activities, the development of professionally significant qualities and skills, such as dedication, concentration on the process, self-control and endurance. Elective courses in physical culture are focused on compiling individual sets of exercises to meet their own needs for physical improvement, developing an individual daily regimen and a balanced diet, selecting recommendations for strengthening immunity through physical culture and sports, forming a healthy lifestyle that will give positive results in future professional activities. So, the acquired in the process of physical culture lessons, knowledge, skills and abilities (within the framework of elective courses) will allow students to further take into account the individual characteristics of physical, gender and age development, apply them during regular independent physical education and sports, and create an individual regimen of physical exercises with different directions. The implementation of elective courses in physical culture at the university makes a significant contribution to the formation of universal human values ​​and a healthy lifestyle for students, strengthening their health and preventing bad habits. We believe that the introduction of elective courses in physical culture in the educational process of the university allows you to create conditions for the inclusion of students in such activities, in which, on the one hand, their independence, self-organization is developed, their interests and needs are realized, on the other hand, interpersonal interaction is carried out in groups according to sports preferences, which, as a result, contributes to the formation of their general social competence and adaptability. The introduction of elective courses becomes an effective organizational and pedagogical condition for stimulating the socialization of students through physical and sports activity and contributes to both cognitive and motor activity of students, being an important condition in achieving personally significant needs, maximum results in physical and personal improvement.

References 1. Afanasiev V. V., Vasilyeva M. A., Kunitsyna S. M., Feshchenko T. S. Principles of organizing the system of specialized education // Education and science in modern conditions: materials of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Cheboksary: ​​CNS Interactive Plus, 2016.–No. 3 (8). -FROM. 3543.2. On the approval and implementation of the federal state educational standard of higher vocational education in the direction of training 150700 Mechanical Engineering (qualification (degree) "bachelor"): Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated November 9, 2009 No. 538 (as amended on May 18, 2011) // Portal of the Federal State educational standards. –URL: http://fgosvo.ru. –[Date of access 09.03.2017]. involvement of students in classes on the subject (discipline) "Physical culture": Information and analytical materials. SPb.: NIC ART, 2016. 342 p.4. Korshunova O. S., Roleder L. N. Elective courses in physical education in universities, prospects and opportunities // Young scientist. –2016. – No. 23. P. 558560.5. Profile training: Normative legal documents. M.: TTs Sphere, 2006. 96 p.

Introductory Lecture
by discipline
"Elective courses
in physical culture"

http://www.kspu.ru/division/97/

In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education disciplines
physical culture and sports are implemented:
on
- "Physical culture" in the amount of at least 72
academic hours (2 credits);
- Elective courses in physical culture in
not less than 328 hours (0 credits).
Specified
academic
clock
are
mandatory.

"Physical culture" is held
in the form of lectures.
Elective courses in physical
culture are carried out in the form
physical training by type
sports: athletics, volleyball,
table tennis, badminton,
ski training, gymnastics, etc.

Study groups are formed after a medical examination
in accordance with the order of the KSPU them. V.P.
Astafieva, taking into account the state of health
involved.
The number of the main group is 15
human;
special medical group - 8-12 people.
Students released on condition
health from physical activity, prepare and
defend abstract work on topics,
proposed by the Department of Physical Culture and
health, at the beginning of each semester.

A student who regularly participates in sports
sections and having test results on
physical fitness excellent, or excellent and
good, or good, can attend classes freely
disciplines Elective courses in physical culture.
The basis for free attendance
Elective courses in physical culture is
personal statement of the student, to which are attached:
certificates of regular attendance at the sports section
KSPU them. V.P. Astafiev or educational
organizations of a sports orientation of the subject of the Russian Federation in
the current academic year,
physical fitness test results for
excellent, or excellent and good, or good.

The department has:
2 gyms and a tennis hall at Vzletnaya 20;
2 at Marx 100;
ski base.
Conditions for getting credit
a) attending all classes (or practicing
missed);
b) passing tests: running 100m, 2/3km, push-ups,
jump rope, pull-ups, press, long jump with
places;
d) abstract (requirements for writing on the site
departments)
c) classes in sections (as agreed).

All disputes are resolved in
following sequence:
Leading Lecturer - department
(Popovanova N.A., room 1-33; Tue, Thu 14:00 18:00).

Cell phones, players
time to clean up.
student late or not
admitted - fulfills
pass.

Medical examination is carried out by order of
faculties and groups;
students who fail the medical examination
classes will not be allowed.
Help for SMG (special
medical group) are transferred to the leader
teacher.
After medical examination (October) final
completing SMG.
When transferring to another teacher
debts are transferred.

Physical education is carried out only on
1-2-3 courses (tests in 2, 4 and 5 semesters),
further only independently;
If a student is ill, then a certificate
to the lead teacher to assure
first-aid post (Lebedeva, 80) - classes are not
are being worked out
After a long illness,
The lead teacher decides the abstract.
Testing takes place in Stadium 2
once a year - in autumn (from mid-September) and
spring (from mid-May).

All classes are in sportswear only,
shoes.
Call for classes for students; from class
for the teacher 60 min.
No independent departures from classes,
only with the permission of the teacher
Warm up is a must.
Latecomers are not allowed!

Should not be left in
locker rooms valuables or
money can be deposited
teacher.
There is a security issue
of things!
Forgotten things to pick up from the box in
teaching!)

A collection of elective courses (defense-sports profile) is addressed to teachers educational institutions, carrying out the implementation of specialized education for schoolchildren.

Nikiforov A.A..

Head of the Cabinet of Physical Culture and Technology BelRIPCPS

Sereda N.S.

methodologist of the cabinet of physical culture and technology BelRIPCPS

Ministry of Education Russian Federation(Ministry of Education of Russia)

Department of General and Pre school education

No. 14-51-277/13 dated 11/13/2003

Elective courses in profile education

Elective courses (elective courses) play an important role in the system of specialized education at the senior school level. Unlike elective courses that currently exist at school, elective courses are mandatory for high school students.

In accordance with the “Concept of specialized education at the senior level of general education” approved by the Ministry of Education of Russia, differentiation of the content of education in senior classes is carried out on the basis of various combinations of three types of courses: basic, specialized, elective. Each of the courses of these three types contributes to the solution of the problems of specialized education. However, it is possible to single out a range of tasks that are priority for courses of each type.

Basic general education courses reflect the invariant part of education that is mandatory for all schoolchildren and is aimed at completing the general education of students. Profile courses provide an in-depth study of individual subjects and are focused primarily on preparing school graduates for further professional education. Elective courses are connected, first of all, with the satisfaction of individual educational interests, needs and inclinations of each student. It is they, in essence, that are the most important means of building individual educational programs, because are most connected with the choice of the content of education by each student, depending on his interests, abilities, future life plans. Elective courses, as it were, “compensate” in many respects for the rather limited possibilities of basic and specialized courses in meeting the various educational needs of high school students.

This role of elective courses in the system of specialized education determines a wide range of their functions and tasks.

By purpose, several types of elective courses can be distinguished. Some of them can be, as it were, a “superstructure” of specialized courses and provide the most capable students with an increased level of study of a particular subject. Other electives should provide interdisciplinary connections and provide an opportunity to study related subjects on profile level. An example of such elective courses are the courses: Mathematical statistics» for schoolchildren who have chosen an economic profile, "Computer graphics" for an industrial-technological profile or "History of Art" for a humanitarian profile. The third type of elective courses will help a student studying in a specialized class, where one of the subjects is studied at a basic level, prepare for passing the exam in this subject at an advanced level. Another type of elective courses can be focused on the acquisition by schoolchildren educational outcomes to succeed in the labor market. An example of such courses can serve as the courses "Office work" or "Business English language”, courses to prepare for work in the service sector, etc. Finally, the cognitive interests of many high school students can often go beyond traditional school subjects, extend to areas of human activity outside the range of their chosen educational profile. This determines the appearance in the senior grades of elective courses that are of an "extra-subject" or "above-subject" character. An example of such courses are electives such as "Fundamentals of rational nutrition" or "Preparation of a motorist."

Assessing the possibility and pedagogical expediency of introducing certain elective courses, one should also remember about such important tasks as the formation of skills and methods of activity for solving practically important tasks during their study, the continuation of career guidance work, awareness of the possibilities and ways of implementing the chosen one. life path etc.

Elective courses are implemented at the school at the expense of the time allotted for the component of the educational institution.

When introducing elective courses into school education, it is necessary to take into account that we are talking not only about their programs and teaching aids, but also about the entire methodological system teaching these courses in general. After all, specialized education is not only a differentiation of the content of education, but, as a rule, a differently constructed educational process. That is why in the exemplary curricula of individual profiles, within the time allotted for elective courses, there are hours in grades 10-11 for organizing learning practices, projects, research activities. These forms of education, along with the development of students' independent learning activities, the use of new teaching methods (for example, distance learning, educational business games, etc.), will become an important factor in the successful conduct of elective courses.

The proposed organization of training necessitates the division of the class into at least two subgroups.

Elective courses, as the most differentiated, variable part of school education, will require new solutions in their organization. The wide range and varied nature of electives can put an individual school in a difficult position, defined by a shortage of teaching staff, the lack of appropriate educational and methodological support. In these cases, network forms of interaction between educational institutions acquire a special role. Network Forms provide for the unification, cooperation of the educational potential of several educational institutions, including institutions of primary, secondary, higher professional and additional education.

A special role in the successful introduction of elective courses will be played by the preparation of educational literature for these courses.

The Ministry is currently working in this direction. On the instructions of the Ministry, the National Personnel Training Fund held a competition of teaching aids for elective courses. As a result of the competition, programs, training and teaching materials 8-10 elective courses for each academic subject. In the coming months, the publication of a collection of programs for these electives is being prepared, which will be sent to the educational authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The work of the teams of authors on the recommendations of educational and methodological manuals is nearing completion, and in early 2004 it is planned to publish them.

We emphasize that textbooks for elective courses, for circle work, as well as popular science literature, reference books can also be used as educational literature for elective courses.

The experience of a number of regions participating in the experiment on specialized training shows that advanced training institutes, pedagogical universities, and local schools create their own versions of elective courses. Many of them are of interest and deserve support. In this regard, it is possible to recommend regional and municipal education authorities to create data banks on elective courses, organize information support and exchange experience in introducing elective courses.

The educational institution makes a decision and is responsible for the content and conduct of elective courses in the manner determined by the founder.

The creation of elective courses is an essential part of ensuring the introduction of specialized education. Therefore, their development and implementation should become part of the Regional programs for the transition to specialized education.

The experience of creating and implementing elective courses, issues of educational and methodological support of electives will be widely covered in the pedagogical press, primarily in the established by the Ministry of Education of Russia and Russian Academy education, the magazine "Profile school".

P course program

Methods of teaching the basics of theory and

methods of physical education and sports

Ildar Latypov, Ph.D. RSUPC. Moscow

Explanatory note

The elective course "Methods of teaching the basics of the theory and methodology of physical education and sports" is aimed at students in grades 10-11 at the profile level

Purpose and objectives of the course

The content of the program of specialized training in the field of physical culture at the senior level of general education involves the study of the main issues of the theory and methodology of physical education and sports. The subject “Theory and Methods of Physical Education and Sports” is a pivotal one in the curriculum for training specialists in physical education universities, since mastering the content of this academic discipline serves as a necessary theoretical basis for mastering the knowledge, skills and abilities of sports and pedagogical disciplines.

That is why in grades 10-11 of the sports and pedagogical profile it is advisable to introduce an elective course "Fundamentals of the theory and methods of physical education and sports", designed for 68 study hours.

The study of this course will deepen the knowledge of students in the field of physical culture, understand the features of the formation of motor skills and abilities, the development of motor abilities in the process of physical education.

At the same time, the content of the course has a pronounced propaedeutic character, which implies a particularly careful adaptation of complex theoretical material in relation to the level of training of students in the sports and pedagogical class.

The purpose of the course is to master knowledge about physical culture, its connection with physical education and sports training, and to form in schoolchildren a holistic view of the professional activities of a specialist in the field of physical culture and sports.

Course objectives:

– mastery of knowledge on the methodology of teaching motor actions, health-improving physical and sports training;

– familiarization with the main forms of professional activity of a physical education teacher and a sports coach;

– mastering the initial skills and abilities of pedagogical activity.

The educational material includes theoretical (lectures), practical exercises and seminars. The content of the seminars includes material for deepening knowledge and developing cognitive, creativity students to test their knowledge. These sessions also feature active curricular discussions on problematic issues, business educational games; educational and cognitive tasks are solved.

At practical classes, students are taught pedagogical skills and professional skills of a specialist in physical culture. Students master the methods of teaching and training, the forms of organizing classes, the methods of using physical exercises in order to influence the functions of individual organs, systems and the body as a whole.

The course of theory and methodology of physical education and sports ends with educational and methodological practice aimed at the formation of pedagogical skills, familiarization with the main forms of professional activity of a physical education teacher at school.

Educational and thematic plan for studying the course
"Fundamentals of the theory and methodology of physical education and sports"

Topic 1. Basic concepts of physical culture.

The objectives of the course "Fundamentals of the theory and methods of physical education and sports."

Basic concepts: "physical culture", "physical education", "physical development", "physical training", "physical perfection", "sport". General characteristics of physical culture. Functions of physical culture. Basic physical culture. Recreative physical culture. Professionally applied physical culture.

1. Give a definition of the concept of "physical culture". Tell us about its connection with the culture of man and society.

2. Expand the content of the concepts of "physical education" and "sport".

3. Name the varieties and structure of physical culture.

Topic 2. The system of physical education in Russia.

The idea of ​​physical education as a system. The purpose and objectives of the modern system of physical education. The structure of the domestic system of physical education. The main directions in physical education: general physical training, professionally applied physical training, sports training. Fundamentals of physical education in Russia.

Principles of physical education. The connection of physical education with education and upbringing. Organizational forms of physical education: preschool educational institutions, general education schools, educational institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, universities, institutions of additional sports education (DYUKFP, DYUSSH, etc.), sports clubs and associations. Physical education in the army and navy.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Expand the essence of the system of physical education in Russia.

2. Name the purpose and main tasks of physical education.

3. Name the general socio-pedagogical principles of physical education.

Topic 3. Means of physical education.

General concept about the means of physical education. Varieties of means of physical education as an integral system of influence. Basic and auxiliary means of physical education.

Physical exercises are the main and specific means of physical education. General characteristics of physical exercises. Classification of physical exercises. Games, gymnastics and tourism as a means of physical education.

Natural forces of nature and hygiene factors as a means of physical education.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. What is meant by physical exercises?

2. Indicate the significant differences between physical exercises and other forms of motor activity (labor, everyday, etc.).

3. Name other means of physical education.

Topic 4. Methods of physical education.

The general concept of the methods of physical education and their structural basis. Classification of teaching methods: general pedagogical and practical methods. The method of using the word. Visual perception method: showing motor action, demonstration of visual aids, sound and light signaling. Practical Methods: a method of strictly regulated exercise, game method, competitive method.

Methods of teaching motor actions and methods of educating motor abilities.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Name the methods of physical education.

2. What is the teaching methodology? Name the teaching methods.

3. What is the essence of game and competitive methods?

Topic 5. General characteristics of physical education of schoolchildren.

Meaning and tasks of physical education of schoolchildren. Regulations on the physical education of secondary school students.

Physical education of younger children school age. Purpose and tasks of physical education. Means of physical education. Features of the technique.

Physical education of children of middle school age. Goal and tasks. Means of physical education. Features of the technique.

Physical education of children of senior school age. Goal and tasks. Means of physical education. Features of the technique.

Physical education of students assigned to a special medical group for health reasons. Tasks of physical education. Means of physical education. Features of the technique.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Expand the essence and main tasks of physical education of schoolchildren.

2. How is physical education carried out at school?

3. List the main means and methods used in the organization of cultural leisure and a healthy lifestyle for schoolchildren.

Topic 6. Fundamentals of teaching motor actions.

Movement training. Motor skills and abilities. The value of motor skills. Patterns of motor skill and motor skill formation. The structure of learning. Stages of teaching motor actions: the stage of familiarization with the motor action, the stage of learning, the stage of improvement. The use of teaching methods at various stages of learning motor actions. Features of teaching motor actions in accordance with the solution of educational, educational and recreational tasks.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. What is meant by the concepts of "motor skill" and "motor skill"?

2. Name the stages of learning motor actions.

3. List the basic rules for independent mastering of motor actions.

Topic 7. Physical qualities. Education of motor abilities of school-age children.

Definition of the concept of "physical qualities". Classification of physical qualities, their characteristics. Strength as a physical quality. Speed ​​as a physical quality. Flexibility as a physical quality. Endurance as a physical quality. Age development of physical qualities. The concept of sensitive (sensitive) periods of development. Realization of physical qualities in motional actions.

Strength abilities of children and methods of education. Tasks, means and methods of developing speed abilities. Features of the education of flexibility in children of school age. Endurance and methods of its development. The main components of loads in the development of endurance. Coordination abilities of schoolchildren and methods of their improvement. Features of the methodology for the development of motor abilities in schoolchildren.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Define the concepts of "physical qualities" and "motor abilities".

2. List the main physical qualities.

3. What is the peculiarity of the methodology for the development of motor abilities of schoolchildren?

Topic 8. Forms of organization of physical culture classes.

Classification of forms of occupations in physical education. Forms of organization of physical education of schoolchildren. Forms of physical education in the mode of the school day. Gymnastics before class. Physical culture minutes and physical culture pauses. Games and physical exercises during breaks. Sports hour in the GPA. Extracurricular physical exercises. Forms of extracurricular activities. Organization and conduct of tourist trips with students. Extracurricular forms of organization of physical culture classes.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Name the forms of physical education at school.

2. Expand the meaning of morning hygienic gymnastics, its main tasks.

3. Why do physical education minutes and physical culture breaks take place?

Topic 9. Lesson of physical culture is the main form of organization of physical education of schoolchildren.

The lesson of physical culture is the main form of organization of physical education of schoolchildren. The unity of the educational, upbringing and health-improving orientation of the lesson of physical culture. Characteristic features of the lesson of physical culture and general requirements for it. The structure and content of the lesson of physical culture. Definition of lesson objectives. Organization of student activities in the classroom. Preparing the teacher for the lesson. Organization and conduct of the lesson. Dosing the load in the lesson. General and motor density of the lesson. Evaluation of students' activities in the lesson. Homework in physical education.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Why is a physical education lesson the main form of physical education for schoolchildren?

2. Tell us about the structure of the physical education lesson.

3. What is the general and motor density of the lesson?

Topic 10. Independent lessons of students in physical culture.

The concept of independent activity. Methods of teaching schoolchildren self-study. The content of self-study. Teaching students in the lesson of physical culture independent physical exercises. Hometasks. Features of planning and content of independent classes in general physical training.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Expand the content and direction of individual independent physical culture lessons in the daily routine.

2. Name the main physical exercises and modes of individual loads for self-study for the development of physical qualities.

3. What is the peculiarity of homework in physical education?

Topic 11. Planning and control in physical education.

Essence and meaning of planning. Planning requirements. Forms and stages of planning. Planning of educational work. Planning of extracurricular work on physical education of schoolchildren. Requirements for the organization of extracurricular work in physical education. School team of physical culture. Sport Club.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. How is the educational work of a physical education teacher planned?

2. How is the planning of extracurricular work in physical education at school carried out?

3. What is the team of physical culture and sports club of the school? Why are they created?

Topic 12. Fundamentals of general physical and sports training.

The concept of "physical training". General and special physical training. Physical activity of a person. The concept of physical training. Exercises for general physical fitness.

General idea of ​​training in sport. The concept of "sports training". Main tasks and system of sports training. Characteristics of the sports training system. The long-term nature of the training of athletes.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Define the concepts of "physical training" and "sports training".

2. What is meant by general physical fitness and physical fitness?

3. Name the distinctive features of general physical training classes. Tell us about their focus on health promotion.

Topic 13. Sports training as a long-term process.

Training as an integral part of training in sports. The role of training in the preparation of athletes. Factors determining the effectiveness of sports training. The main sections of the preparation of a young athlete in the process of training. Technical training. Physical training. Tactical training. Psychological preparation. Theoretical preparation. Means and methods of sports training. Principles of sports training. The structure of the training process of young athletes. Features of sports training of young athletes.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Name the main sections of sports training for young athletes.

2. Name the main methods of sports training.

3. Tell us about the principles of dosing the load, the frequency and duration of physical exercises, depending on the level of physical fitness.

Topic 14. Fundamentals of building training sessions.

General structure of training sessions. Pedagogical orientation of classes. Class types. Loads in class. Organization of classes.

Warm-up as a structural component of a training session: essence and tasks. General bases for building a warm-up. The structure and content of the workout. Features of the warm-up before the competition.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. What are the features of building a training session for young athletes?

2. What is the difference between a physical education lesson and a training session?

3. What is the warm-up for? name general fundamentals building a workout.

Topic 15. Sports competitions as the basis of sports.

Competition is the basis for the existence of sports. The system of sports competitions. Types of sports competitions. Regulation and methods of conducting competitions. Determination of the result in competitions. Competition regulations. Competition rules. Competitions in the system of training young athletes. Organization and conduct of sports competitions in the school.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Name the types of sports competitions.

2. What is the role of competition in the system of training athletes?

3. What main documents regulate the organization and holding of competitions?

Topic 16. Sports orientation and selection.

The concepts of "sports orientation" and "sports selection". Athletic abilities and inclinations. Sports talent and sports talent. Criteria for sports orientation and selection. Choice of sport. Sports orientation in children's sports. Meaning and general characteristics sports selection. Goals, objectives and functions of selection. Selection in the long-term system of training athletes. selection levels. Selection organization. The main stages of selection in the Youth Sports School.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Define the concepts of "sports orientation" and "sports selection".

2. What underlies the choice of a sport?

3. Describe the main stages of the selection system for a sports school.

Topic17. Injuries and diseases in sports. Safety rules for exercise.

The main causes of diseases and injuries in sports. Acute and chronic injuries. General and specific risk factors. Prevention of injuries and diseases during physical exercises and sports. Safety rules for physical culture and sports at school. First aid for injuries and accidents. Means of restoration and stimulation of working capacity in the system of physical and sports training.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Why do injuries occur during physical education?

2. How to avoid injuries and diseases in the process of physical education and training?

3. What is first aid for injuries and accidents?

Topic18. Modern systems of health-improving physical training.

The concept of health-improving physical training. Direction and content of health-improving physical training. New types of physical culture and sports activities.

Aerobics as a means of physical education and as a sport. Features of conducting OFT in aerobics.

Arm wrestling.

Bodybuilding as a means of physical education and as a sport. Exercise technique.

Powerlifting: general characteristics. Exercise technique. Familiarization and training in the technique of bench press. Acquaintance with the technique of squatting and teaching it. Acquaintance with the technique of deadlift and training in it.

Stretching. Rules and technique for performing exercises. Features of the OFT for stretching.

Shaping. The value of shaping for health and body improvement. Exercise technique. Selection of exercises and teaching them in physical education lessons.

Questions to control students' knowledge

1. Define the concept of "improving physical training."

2. Name the health-improving effects of physical exercises.

3. What are the features of the methods of rhythmic gymnastics and athleticism?

Topic19. Material and technical support of physical education and sports.

Sports stock and equipment. Requirements for sports equipment and equipment. non-standard equipment. School sports grounds. Sports hall layout. The device and filling of the rink at school. Ski equipment: selection and preparation. Manufacture of inventory and equipment. Simulators in the system of physical and sports training. Ensuring safety at sports facilities (rules of conduct and actions in emergency situations).

Basic requirements for the level of preparedness of students

During the course, students should learn:

– to select means, methods and forms of classes for solving specific tasks physical education, dose physical activity;

– draw up basic work plans and keep records of it in various parts of physical education;

– draw up plans for sports events, Regulations on competitions, organize and conduct competitions;

- evaluate the results of the work of students, their success, coordinate and direct independent work involved;

– create and use technical training aids and non-standard equipment.

EXAMPLE LESSON PLAN No. 1 in the 10th grade (2 hours)

Lesson topic: "Basic concepts of physical culture"

1.1.Characteristics of the course "Theory and methods of physical education and sports"

The theory and methodology of physical education as a scientific and educational discipline in the education system is designed to form a complex of fundamental knowledge that determines the quality of professional activity of a specialist in the field of physical culture and sports.

The theory of physical education is a dynamic system of the most modern scientific statements reflecting the essence of physical education. The theory of physical education allows creating the prospect of improving the process of physical education as a whole, generalizes particular regularities of physical education and makes them available to all methods of physical education. The methodology of physical education is understood as a system of techniques and methods that ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of the tasks of physical education.

1.2. Physical culture as one of the forms of culture

The concept of culture and its forms. Physical culture as a kind of activity; its values ​​and relationship with other forms of culture. The concepts of "physical culture", "physical education", "physical development". The essence of physical culture.

Physical education with its functions, goals, tasks is an integral part of a broader concept - physical culture as a process and result of a person's activity to transform their physical nature. Only through physical education can we rise to a certain level of physical culture.

Physical culture is a complex and multifaceted social phenomenon, expressed in the activity of a person in the "cultivation" of his own nature, in the development and implementation of the psychophysical abilities inherent in him. The specified activity is connected with physical education, sports, physical recreation, motor rehabilitation (therapeutic physical culture and physical culture for persons with limited motor abilities).

A particularly close relationship is observed between the physical and spiritual culture, which are formed in the person himself, constituting his general culture, and the basis of their interpenetration are scientific knowledge, skills, ethical and aesthetic values. And these are very important cultural values.

Sport (from the English sport - game, fun, entertainment) is manifested in a specific (competitive) human activity aimed at achieving the highest level of one's psychophysical abilities and in special (through sports training) preparation for it. In some of its aspects, sport goes beyond physical culture. This especially applies, for example, to the so-called big sport, to technical sports (model aircraft, auto racing, etc.), sports that are not directly related to high physical activity (shooting, chess, etc.). That is why the expression "physical culture and sports" can often be found.
Sport as a component of physical culture. Sports in modern society. Functions of modern sports. Mass sports (sport for all). Children's and youth sports. Sports of the highest achievements (Olympic sports). Professional sports. Sports for the disabled.

Physical education is a pedagogically organized process associated with the transfer and assimilation of the values ​​of the physical culture of society within the framework of the "training - education" system. In the theory of physical culture, these values ​​and specialized processes of their acquisition are reflected in the concepts of "physical development", "functional fitness", "physical fitness", "physical training" (general and special).

Physical development is a process of changing the morphological (from Greek morphe - form) and functional (from Latin functio - performance) properties of the human body during its life. External quantitative indicators of physical development, characterizing mainly the constitution of a person, are changes in height, weight, lung capacity, etc. Qualitatively, physical development is characterized, first of all, by significant changes in functional capabilities. It is expressed both in a change in the level of individual physical qualities of a person - speed, strength, endurance, flexibility, dexterity, and in general in the level of physical performance and depends on the functioning of all body systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, etc. .). Therefore, the concept of "functional readiness" is singled out.

More general, in relation to the previous ones, is the concept of "physical fitness". It is characterized by indicators of physical development, and the level of functional readiness, as well as the degree of possession of various motor skills and abilities. Moreover, the development of rational ways to control one's movements and the creation, thereby, of a rich personal fund of motor skills, as well as the prerequisites for mastering any new motor actions, is the most important aspect of physical fitness.

Specialized processes aimed at achieving a certain type of preparedness have the same names, for example, "physical training", "psychophysical training". There are concepts of general physical training aimed at achieving a certain level of development of all physical qualities and performance; to mastering vital skills and special physical training aimed at a certain type of activity, for example, special physical training in sports or for professional labor. The latter is called professionally applied physical training. All listed specialized processes are parts of the general process of physical education.

So, you and I can probably already understand that the essence of physical culture is in its effective possibilities of influencing human nature through the development of the natural forces of the body, through the transformation (cultivation) of his personality, as a result of which he is able to successfully realize himself in a healthy and productive style. life, professional and any other activity. In other words, its essence lies in the fundamental possibility of the formation of a person's physical culture.

We have already emphasized the role of physical culture in the comprehensive formation and development of personality. For more in-depth knowledge about everything, you can learn from the recommended literature.

test questions

1. What is culture and what are its characteristics?

2. Define the concept of "physical culture". Expand its connection with the culture of man and society.

3. Expand the content of the concepts of "physical education" and "sport".

4. What characterizes physical education as an integral part of physical culture?

5. Expand the concepts of "physical development", "physical training" and "physical fitness".

Literature

1. Balsevich V.K. Physical culture for everyone and for everyone. - M .: Physical culture and sport, 1988.

2. Maksimenko A.M. Fundamentals of the theory and methods of physical culture: Proc. allowance for university students. – Ed. 2nd, corrected and added. - M., 2001.

3. Matveev L.P. Theory and methods of physical culture: Introduction to the subject: Proc. for higher special physical textbook manager - 3rd ed. - St. Petersburg: Lan, 2003.

4. Matveev A.P. Physical Education Exam: Questions and Answers. - M .: Publishing house VLADOS-PRESS, 2003. (B-ka teacher of physical culture).

5. Handbook of physical education teacher / Ed. L.B. Kofman; Aut.-stat. G.I. Pogadaev; foreword V.V. Kuzina, N.D. Nikandrov. - M .: Physical culture and sport, 1998.

6. Platonov V.N., Sakhnovsky K.P. Preparing a young athlete - K .: Glad. school, 1988.

7. Talaga E. Encyclopedia of physical exercises / Per. from Polish. - M .: Physical culture and sport, 1998.

8. Theory and methodology of sports: Tutorial for UOR /Under the total. ed. F.P. Suslova, Zh.K. Kholodov. - M., 1997.

9. Theory and methods of physical education: Proc. allowance for students ped. in-t and teacher training schools on special. No. 2115 “Beginning. military training and physical education” and №1910 “Phys. culture”/ B.M. Shiyan, B.A. Ashmarin, B.N. Minaev and others. Ed. B.M. Shiyan. – M.: Enlightenment, 1988.

10. Physical culture and sport in a secondary school: A guide for a teacher / V.P. Bogoslovsky, M.N. Davydenko, V.I. Drobyshev and others. Ed. M.D. Rips. - M .: Education, 1985. (B-ka teachers of physical culture).

11. Physical culture: A textbook for preparing for exams. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2004.

12. Physical culture. 9th and 11th graduating classes / Auth.-comp. V.S. Kuznetsov, G.A. Kolodnitsky. - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2005. (Exam questions and answers. Exam for 5).

Course program

"Spiritual and psychological security of the individual"

T. Berseneva, Ph.D., methodologist of the Center for Life Safety, St. Petersburg

Explanatory note

This course can be presented as a separate interdisciplinary elective pre-profile training course for 9th grade students with base level knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as be included in the content of the course on the basics of life safety for any profile.

The volume of the course is 17 hours (1 hour per week, one semester). The course program can be extended up to 34 hours (1 hour per week during school year) through a deeper consideration of the proposed content.

Targetcourse- the formation in students of a holistic view of the human structure and dangerous situations of a psychological, mental and spiritual nature that may arise in their lives, about the ways of recognition and measures of protection against these consequences.

The formulated goal sets the following course objectives:

Familiarization of students with the dangers of a psychological, mental and spiritual nature that threaten a person in modern life,

The study of methods and techniques of protection from spiritual and psychological influences and allowing to minimize the possible damage to the individual, her health, life and well-being,

Development of the ability to resist the destructive spiritual and psychological impact.

Basic teaching methods are a problem-search method of presenting new material, aimed at creative understanding and acceptance of the teacher's positions, conversations with elements of discussions, interactive teaching methods. Group work is advisable in the classroom, followed by a presentation of the results of the discussion of certain problems and the conclusions made by the group. Classes for psychological safety in communication, decision-making and practicing the ability to say “no” in a problem situation involve workshops, training situations and game modeling.

Forms of organization of activities traditional students: meaningful listening and answering questions, working with literature, taking notes - and innovative participation in discussions, speaking to the class with messages, work in small groups.

The expected results can be reduced to a holistic view of the human device, as follows:

Development of the psychological culture of students in general and, in particular, the development of the psychological aspect of the culture of life safety;

The acquisition by students of knowledge and practical skills in recognizing and overcoming dangerous situations of a spiritual and psychological nature that may arise in their lives, on the methods and measures of protection against them;

Developing in students the ability to resist the destructive spiritual and psychological impact on them on the basis of

Summing up and evaluating the activities of students can be carried out in the form of a test session: test, survey, testing, report on a given topic. The end result could be public lesson with the invitation of the administration and teachers of the school, the final conference.

Educational and thematic plan

lesson number	Title of the section and topic of the lessons	Number of hours	Conduct form
	introductory lesson		conversation
	How a person works body - psyche - soul - spirit
	Attitudes and behavior of a person, how to cultivate character
	The concept of destructive mental impact
	mental safety
	Information Security
	Mind manipulation techniques
			Round table
11-12	Spiritual Security		Watching a movie
	Communication and psychological safety
	The concept of tolerance, can a person say "no"
	Decision algorithm
	How to say "no" in a problem situation
	Final session		offset
	Total hours	17

Lesson 1

General provisions on the pre-profile course: goals, objectives, organization of work, issues of knowledge testing. The concept of psychological security of the individual and the range of issues addressed in the course. Motivation of students' interest in studying the course and wishes for the inclusion of certain aspects of the topic that interest them.

Lesson 2. How a person works: body - psyche - soul-spirit.

The concept of the trinity of man: bodily, mental and spiritual. How does the human psyche work and why should a person know about it. Psychosomatics. The soul of man. Spiritual constitution of man. Two approaches to understanding spirituality. The relationship of the spiritual with the mental and physical. Hierarchy in the dispensation of man: what we choose. Freedom of our choice and consequences of freedom of choice.

Lesson 3

What are attitudes and how do they affect human behavior. Where do settings come from? Attitudes that bypass consciousness, and conscious attitudes. Who do we imitate. Whether it is necessary and whether it is possible to educate one's character. How to develop your character. The concept of abstinence. Means and ways of character education. The main guideline is a life of conscience.

Lesson 4

Personality-destroying attitudes. Installations that destroy ideas about the present and future. What is a "destructive, destructive mental impact." How to protect the mind and feelings from destructive psychic information. What can be opposed to the destructive mental impact.

Lesson 5

What is meant by mental security? The main sources of danger for the psyche of a teenager. How to protect yourself from the danger emanating from them. How and from what to protect your feelings. How and from what to protect your mind. "The image can kill, the image can save." Examples of "pollution" of the psyche.

Lessons 6-7. Information Security

Types of destructive information for adolescence. Ways to protect the psyche from destructive information and the form of its presentation. Analysis of materials (audio and video products, printed publications, computer games, etc.) for a destructive effect on a person. Memo to a teenager on the preservation of the psyche from informational influences.

Advertising appeals and reality. Reliable information and disinformation. Manipulation of consciousness to achieve certain goals. Workshop in determining the hidden objectives of advertising. Goods and values. Basic advertising techniques. Advertising and lifestyle. Advertising and mass culture. Kitsch. The lifestyle we choose.

Lesson 9

What is meant by manipulation of consciousness. Who and what needs to manipulate human consciousness. How not to become a toy in the hands of manipulators. Basic mind control techniques. Knowledge and life experience as a barrier to manipulating human consciousness.

Mental health: health of the senses, health of the mind and a healthy will. Psychologist's advice on maintaining mental health in adolescence: critical situations and finding a way out of them. Strengthening the will, education of feelings and development of thinking as a way to maintain mental health. Mental health of the individual and mental health of people around.

Lesson 11-12. Spiritual Security

The concept of spiritual security. What spiritual dangers lie in wait for a person. Where they call from the last pages of newspapers. Psychics, fortune tellers, astrologers. Religions of the world and sects. Spiritual enslavement (violence). General concept of techniques for changing consciousness. Protection from destructive spiritual influences. Prevention of spiritual-psychic dependence.

Lesson 13

Do you need to be sociable? What is communication. Types of communication. How to understand the expression: my tongue is my enemy. The sins of the "language" and the dangers emanating from them: mat, foul language; False; idle talk and verbosity; condemnation and slander. How to overcome the sins of the "language". Don't be touchy, learn to forgive. Vanity and pride. Envy.

Lesson 14

About friendship and the influence of peers. The concept of tolerance, patience and tolerance. What are the similarities and differences between these concepts? Tolerance and freedom of choice of a person. The person can say no. Cases when a person should say "no". Criteria for selecting situations when it is appropriate for a person to say “yes” and when it is necessary to say “no”.

Lesson 15

How to make the right decision. What does “the right decision” mean to me. Decision-making algorithm: understand what the problem is; what you need to know to make the right decision; consider what options for solving the problem can be; Which option do I like best? what are the "pros" and "cons" of this solution; which of my close people is affected by my choice. My choice. The practice of mastering the decision-making algorithm.

Lesson 16

Styles of human behavior: confident, insecure, friendly, aggressive. Characteristic signs for each style of behavior. Eight ways to say "no" in a problem situation. How safe is it to say no. Correlation of the answer "no" with the style of human behavior. Playing problem situations.

Lesson 17

Summing up the work on the course program and evaluating the activities of students: an open (test) lesson with the invitation of the school administration and teachers.

Logistics:

1 Virtual aggression. Video film directed by Valentin Matveev, Lennauchfilm, 2001 To be shown to students, parents, teachers.

2 Alcoholic and drug aggression. Video recording of the speech of Professor Zhdanov VG - Deputy Chairman of the Novosibirsk Society "For a sober lifestyle"

3 Sahaja Yoga (part 2) Video film directed by Sofia Livandovskaya, Creative Association "Crossroads", 1998.

Literature:

1. Dvorkin A.L. Sectology. totalitarian sects. The experience of systematic research. -3rd edition, revised and additional. - N. Novgorod, 2003.
2. Kuraev A.V. Adults about children's faith. school theology. 5th edition, add. - Rostov-on-Don: Troitskoye words, 2002.
3. Nikiforov Yu.B. Be strong in spirit and body. – M.: Ed. Counseling Center of St. rights. John of Kronstadt, 2003.
4. Khvylya-Olinter A.I. New religious associations of Russia of a destructive and occult nature: Reference book / informational and analytical bulletin No. 1. - Belgorod, 2002.
5. Peresypkina A.V. Teacher, religion, law: Methodological guide. Belgorod: IPC "POLITERRA", 2004.
6. Monthly informational and scientific-methodical magazine “OBZH. Fundamentals of life safety” No. 10, 2006
7. Monthly informational and scientific-methodical magazine “OBZH. Fundamentals of life safety” 2004-2007

Course program

"Know Thyself"

A.A. Nikiforov, head

office of physical culture and

BelRIPCPS technologies

Explanatory note

To study the effect of physical exercises on people involved in physical culture and sports of people, studies are carried out on the functional state of the body or its individual systems. For this purpose, functional tests and tests are used to determine the athlete's adaptation to a particular physical load, the recovery period, the level of performance and training effect. Indicators of the functional state are such physiological parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems as heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure (BP), maximum oxygen consumption (MOC), vital capacity (VC), etc.

elective course "Know Thyself" allows students to get necessary knowledge expanding horizons in the field of physical culture and sports.

The elective course is designed for 17 hours. Sufficient attention is paid to the independent and practical work of children using technical teaching aids. The program deals with the issues of in-depth study of physical development and assessment of the functional state of a person.

The purpose of training– formation of the physical culture of the student's personality by mastering the basics of the content of physical culture activities with a general developmental focus.

In accordance with the purpose, formed tasks elective course:

Formation of knowledge about physical activity, reflecting the psychological, pedagogical and medical and biological foundations;

ensuring a strong and conscious mastery of the system of special physical culture and sports knowledge and skills by students;

Integration of basic and additional education in the field of physical culture and sports.

The material included in the program can be applied to various groups (categories) of schoolchildren, and contains knowledge that arouses the cognitive interest of students and is of practical value for determining a comprehensive assessment of an individual's health.

Educational and thematic plan

№ p/p	Topic	Number of hours	Lectures	Practical some classes	form of control
1	Introduction. Modern methods of human research (brief review)	1	1
2		2	1	1	Test control
3	Functional trials	8	4	4	Lab. Job
4		2	1	1	Lab. Job
5	Evaluation of the individual level of physical fitness and determination of the motor age of schoolchildren	3	1	2	Lab. Job
6	Final lesson	1		1	offset
	Total hours	17	8	9

1. 1. Introduction. Modern research methods

General scientific research methods. Theoretical research methods. Empirical research methods. Physiometric research methods.

1. 2. Methods of research and evaluation of the functional state of a person

Influence of physical exercises on the person. Functional trials and tests. Indicators of the functional state of a person.

1. 3. Functional trials

Functional tests: goals, objectives. Characteristics of functional samples. Martinet test. Kotov-Deshin test. Sample S.P. Letunov. Harvard step test. Determination of heart rate (HR). Ruffier test. Individual training pulse (ITP).

1. 4. Methods for studying the physical development of a person

Methods for measuring indicators of physical development. Methods of external examination of a person. Somatoscopy. Methods of instrumental study of human physical development. Anthropometry. Physiometry.

5. Evaluation of the individual level of physical fitness and determination of the motor age of schoolchildren

Testing. Ways to run tests. Physical fitness. The level of physical fitness. Physical activity. motor age. Indicators of physical fitness. Age rating standards. Motor fitness testing protocol

This elective course is recommended to be included in the school curriculum for students in grades 10-11 within the framework of both defense-sports and universal profiles. You can also use an elective course within the framework of the chemical and biological profile, while increasing the topic "Methods for studying the physical development of a person" up to 5 hours due to the topic "Evaluation of the individual level of physical fitness and determining the motor age of schoolchildren."

For the qualitative conduct of the elective course "Know Yourself", it is recommended to include interactive learning in the lecture part (8 hours), actively using multimedia equipment and video equipment.

For the practical part (9 hours), it is recommended to use information-simulator, medical equipment and technical training aids.

Control questions and tasks.

1. What are the main general scientific research methods?

2. What does "physiometric research methods" mean?

3. By what indicators is the functional state of a person determined?

4. What does the term "functional test" mean?

5. Functional tests: goals, objectives?

6. What are the methods for studying the physical development of a person?

7. List the main ways to measure indicators of physical development?

8. What refers to the methods of instrumental research of human physical development?

9. What is "motor activity"?

10. What does the term "Physical fitness" mean?

11. How is a person's motor age determined?

12. Describe the methodology for conducting the Harvard step test?

13. Describe the method of S. P. Letunov's test?

14. List the most common functional trials and tests?

Practical tasks

Exercise 1. The pulse rate of an untrained adult ranges normally from 60 to 90 beats per minute.

Measure your heart rate at rest. If its frequency is 41-60 beats / min - an excellent result; 61-74 - good; 75-90 - satisfactory; more than 90 beats / min - unsatisfactory (should consult a doctor).

Task 2. Do a squat test.

Standing (legs together), count the pulse for 30 seconds. Then, at a slow pace, do 20 squats, raising your arms forward and keeping your torso straight, and spreading your knees to the sides. After squats, count the pulse again.

An increase in heart rate indicates the state of the body: less than 25% - excellent; 25-50% - satisfactory; 75% and above - unsatisfactory.

Task 3. Climb up the stairs to the 4th floor.

If after lifting it is easy to breathe, there are no unpleasant sensations, then you can consider the degree of your physical fitness to be good. The appearance of shortness of breath (rapidity and difficulty in breathing) on ​​the 4th floor indicates an average degree of physical fitness, on the 3rd floor - poor. More accurate data from this test can be obtained by measuring the pulse at rest, and then immediately after rising to the 4th floor. If, after lifting, the pulse is 100 beats / min and below - excellent; 101 -120 - good; 121-140 - satisfactory; above 140 beats / min - bad.

Task 4. Determine your posture. To do this, measure the width of the shoulders and the arch of the back. The measurement instruction is as follows. Feel for protruding bony points above the shoulder joints. Take the tape measure with your left hand at the zero division and press it to the left point. With your right hand, stretch the tape along the collarbone line to the right point. The resulting number shows the width of the shoulders. Then move the tape behind the head and stretch it along the line of the upper edge of the shoulder blade from the left point to the right. The resulting number indicates the size of the arc of the back. Make a calculation using the formula:

shoulder width, cm

------------- x 100%

size of the arch of the back, cm

Norm: 100-110%.

Indicator 90% indicates a serious violation of posture. When this indicator is reduced to 85-90% or increase to 125-130% you need to see an orthopedic doctor.

Task 5.(for boys). Find your fitness level, compare it to your average, and do exercises to improve your level.

but) Strength. Starting position - emphasis with hands lying on the floor. Perform the maximum possible flexion and extension of the arms (push-ups from the floor), while the body must be kept straight. The average figure for boys aged 16-17 is 15 push-ups from the floor.

b) Rapidity. Starting position - standing, feet shoulder width apart, hands on the belt. Sit down quickly and stretch your arms forward. Then stand up, rise on your toes, lower your hands.

Starting position - standing, legs apart, right hand above, left below. Quickly change the position of the hands.

The number of repetitions in 6 s is counted. The average value for boys aged 16: squats - 6 times, changing the position of the hands - 16 times; for boys aged 17; squats - 7 times, changing the position of the hands - 17 times.

in) Agility. Take two small objects that are easy to grasp with your hand (tennis balls, smooth pebbles), and toss them one after the other, first with your left and then with your right hand.

The duration of the continuity of the exercise with each hand is taken into account. Average dexterity for young men: 16 years old - 45 s. left and 75 s. right hand; 17 years - 60 s. left and 90 s. right.

G ) Flexibility. Starting position - main stance. Lean forward as far as you can while keeping your legs straight. If you were able to touch the floor with the palms of both hands, then you have good flexibility, if not, then it should be developed.

The task6. Exercise self-control over the state of health and physical development. Record observations in a diary at least 1-3 times a week. The diary contains objective data recorded by devices (body length and weight, pulse rate, blood pressure, etc.), and subjective sensations (mood, well-being, decreased performance, worsening sleep, appetite, discomfort and pain, etc.). It is also desirable to note the content of the lessons.

The task7. Self-monitoring of working capacity can be objectively carried out according to the Rufier-Dixon test, which is carried out

in the following way.

Lying on your back, count the pulse in 15 seconds (P1) - Then stand up and do 30 squats in 45 seconds. Lie down again and immediately count your pulse for 15 seconds. during the first minute (P2) and for the last 15 s. from the same first minute (P3). The calculation of working capacity (A) is made according to the formula:

A \u003d (P1 + P2 + P3) x 4 -200

The results are evaluated as follows: 0-3 - good; 4-6 - medium; 7-8 - satisfactory; over 8 - bad

Task 8. Determine the heart rate (HR) at rest?

Task 9. Determine your individual training heart rate (ITP)?

In order for physical education to be beneficial, everyone must know how to choose the right load and control it. This can be done using the Kervonen formula, which allows you to determine the individual training pulse (ITP) by simple mathematical calculations. To do this, you need to sit on a chair, count your pulse at rest for one minute, and after a series of calculations, get a digital expression of the ITP.

1. From the number 220 you need to subtract the amount (your age in years plus heart rate at rest for 1 min.)

2. Multiply the resulting figure by 0.6 and add to it the value of the pulse at rest.

Example: If you are 16 years old and have a resting heart rate of 66 bpm, the calculations will show that your ITP is (220-(16+66) x 0.6 +66 = 148 bpm

Tasks 10. Measure blood pressure (BP) twice in a sitting position and name the maximum (systolic) blood pressure and the minimum (diastolic) blood pressure?

Literature:

1. Akhundov R.A. Fundamentals of scientific and methodological activities in physical culture and sports: Textbook. - Belgorod: Publishing House of BelSU, 2001.

2. Kuramshin Yu.F. Theory of Physical Culture: Textbook. - 2 - ed., Rev. - M .: Soviet sport, 2004.

3. Butin I.M., Butina I.A. etc. Physical culture: 9-11 cells: Proc. A guide for students in general. institution - M .: Humanit. Ed. Center VLADOS, 2003.

4. Ashmarin B.A. Theory and methodology of pedagogical research in physical education. - M .: Fizkultura and sport, 1978.

5. Vavilov Yu.N. Assessment of the individual level of physical condition // Physical culture at school. - 1997. - No. 7.

6. Zheleznyak Yu.D. Smirnov Yu.I. bases of scientific and pedagogical activity. Education. M.: 1996

7. Guide to laboratory studies on the hygiene of children and adolescents: Proc. Benefit / Berzin V.I., Slepushkina I.I., Glushchenko A.G. and others - K. Vyscha school. Head publishing house, 1989.