Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment Disbandment and resurrection

At the very end of the 17th century. Peter I decided to reorganize the Russian army according to the European model. The basis for the future army was the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments, which already in August 1700 formed the Tsar's Guard.
Uniform soldiers (fusiliers) of the Life Guards Regiment consisted of a caftan, camisole, trousers, stockings, shoes, tie, hat and cap.

The caftan (see image below) was made of dark green cloth, knee-length, instead of a collar it had cloth trim of the same color. The sleeves did not reach the hands; shirt ruffles were visible from underneath them.

The cuffs are split, made of red cloth. Four loops were cut along their upper edge, fastened with copper buttons.
There were slits on the back and sides, from the waist to the hem. At the same time, buttonholes were sewn on the sides of the dorsal incision for decoration - three, four, and sometimes the entire length of the floors.
In front, below the waist, there were pockets with five-pointed serrated flaps, which were fastened with four buttons.

12-16 (depending on the soldier’s height) copper, inflated buttons were sewn along the side. The red cord on the left shoulder - a prototype of the shoulder strap - served to secure the belt of the cartridge bag.
The lining of the caftan and the edge of the loops were red.
The camisole (see image below) was worn under the caftan and was of the same cut as the caftan, but shorter and narrower, without cuffs.

The pants are knee-length, with copper buttons on the side seams. Until 1720, the camisole, trousers and stockings were dark green or, less commonly, red.
The shoes were blunt-toed, greased (i.e., lubricated with tar), fastened with a copper buckle covered with a flap on top. On campaigns, privates could wear boots with small flares.
The hat is black, wool, with a round crown. The brim of the hat was trimmed with white braid and turned up, initially on one side, later on three, forming a cocked hat. A camisole button was sewn on the left side.
The tie was made of black material and tied with a bow.
Epancha (see image above) was worn in cold, stormy weather. It was made of dark green cloth with a lining of the same color. It was fastened at the neck with a brass hook and loop.

The epancha had two collars: the upper one was a narrow turn-down collar and the lower one was wide.
The length reached the knees.
The soldiers wore their hair long, shoulder-length, combed in the middle. Beards were shaved, leaving only combed-up mustaches.
Uniform non-commissioned officers - corporals, ensigns, captains, fouriers and sergeants - were distinguished from the soldiers by a narrow gold braid sewn along the edge of the brim of the hat and on the cuffs of caftans (see image above).
Officers of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment wore uniform, almost identical to the uniform of privates (see image below).

As a rule, when sewing an officer's uniform uniforms and ammunition, fabrics and leather of higher quality were used than those of the rank and file. In addition, gold braid was sewn along the side, the edges of the cuffs and pocket flaps of the caftan and camisole, along the side seam of the pants and the edge of the hat brim.
The hat was decorated with a plume of white and red feathers.
The buttons of the uniform were gilded, and the caftan had a dark green lining.
The officer's tie was made of white linen.
In addition, officers were provided with elk skin gloves.
In ceremonial ranks, officers had to wear large wigs with curls.
Chief officers - ensign, second lieutenant, lieutenant, captain-lieutenant and captain - had silver breastplates with a gilded border. The sign featured a crown and St. Andrew's cross made of blue enamel.
After the battle of Narva, Peter I gave these signs the inscription “1700 19 BUT” and changed their shape and design. They became narrower and longer than before, with a golden cross and laurel branches.
Chief officers' scarves are silk, made of three stripes - white, blue and red, with silver tassels.
Staff officers - major, lieutenant colonel and colonel - had gilded badges, without an inscription, a cross - white enamel. All signs were worn on a blue St. Andrew's ribbon.
The staff officers' scarves had gold tassels, the majors and lieutenant colonels had a white stripe mixed with silver, and the colonels had a red stripe mixed with gold.
Officers' scarves were worn over the right shoulder and tied in a knot at the left side.
The weapons and ammunition of the officers consisted of a sword with a lanyard and a protazan.
The sword was worn on an elk sword belt, edged with gold braid. The chief officers' lanyard was silver, and the staff officers' lanyard was gold.
In the ranks, the officers were armed with a protazan, which was a flat spear with an image of a double-headed eagle on the feather and a crescent-shaped base. The feather ended in a round tube and a metal apple. At the place where the pipe was attached to the shaft there was a brush: for chief officers it was silver, for staff officers it was gold.
The total length of the protazan with the shaft was 261 cm.
Both the officer's protazan and the sergeant's halberd were never used as weapons themselves, being a command signal or a badge of honor.
In wartime, the first rank of fusiliers - up to a third of the total number - was transformed into pikemen. The clothing of the pikemen was absolutely the same as that of the fusiliers.
The weapons and ammunition of the pikemen were; a spear with a black shaft (341 cm), a sword and a pistol. The tip of the spear was triangular and often decorated with a gold notch. An ensign was attached to the tip - a flag made of black material, with a golden image of a double-headed eagle and golden dragons. In front, on the belt, the pikemen wore a cartridge cannon.
In addition to the listed ranks, a fusilier company was supposed to have two drummers and one oboist. Their cut and color uniforms, basically, did not differ from the soldiers' uniform, however, there were the following features of the musicians' uniform: a narrow woolen braid of three stripes - white, blue and red - was sewn along the sides of caftans, camisoles, along the edges of cuffs and pocket flaps (see image below).

In addition, the drummers had an overlay of dark green cloth trimmed with three-color braid sewn on their right shoulder, under the drum band.
All musicians were armed with swords. The drum was worn over the right shoulder on an elk sling with an iron hook. The drum was wooden, 41.8 cm high and 44 cm in diameter. The drum body was painted with green paint and painted with patterns. On one side there was a double-headed eagle on a red field, on the other - a hand descending from the clouds with a drawn sword.
In each of the guards regiments, except for the fusilier battalions, there was one grenadier company. Uniform The Guards Grenadiers (see image above) differed from the Fusiliers only in that instead of a three-cornered hat, they wore grenadier caps made of black leather, decorated with an ostrich feather. The shape of this headdress made it possible to throw grenades without touching the wide brim of the cocked hat.

The grenadier's hat consisted of a round leather crown, with a high forehead and back plate. At the back of the crown was attached a copper plaque with the monogram of Peter I, to which was attached an ostrich feather of white and red colors. The forehead was decorated with a copper plaque with an embossed image of a double-headed eagle.
The hat of the Guards Grenadier officers was distinguished by gold embroidery in the form of leaves on the forehead and around the crown and a gilded metal device.
The weapons and ammunition of ordinary grenadiers were distinguished by the fact that the fusée had a shoulder strap threaded through two iron rings attached to the gun stock. When throwing grenades, the fusee was worn behind the back, over the left shoulder.
The sword belt and sword were of the generally accepted type. On the front of the belt was worn a cartridge bottle with 12 charges, with a round badge in the form of a flaming Grenada, with an embossed Royal monogram (see image above). Over the left shoulder on an elk sling is a grenadine bag, decorated at the corners of the lid with flaming grenades (see image above).
Grenadier chief officers had the same insignia - a sword with a lanyard, a badge and a scarf - as the fusiliers. The lyadunka was worn not on the belt, but over the right shoulder, and instead of the protazan they were armed with a light fusee with a bayonet and a shoulder strap with gold braid.
In a grenadier company I am supposed to have two drummers and one flutist.
Before 1720 cut uniforms, the weapons and ammunition of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky and Life Guards of the Semenovsky regiments were the same. The only difference was the color of the caftans - dark green in the Preobrazhensky Regiment and light blue (light blue) in the Semenovsky Regiment.

The cuffs are split, made of red cloth. Four loops were cut along their upper edge, fastened with copper buttons .
There were slits on the back and sides, from the waist to the hem. At the same time, on the sides of the dorsal incision, for decoration, buttonholes- three, four, and sometimes the entire length of the floors.
In front, below the waist, there were pockets with five-pointed serrated flaps, which were fastened at four buttons .

12-16 (depending on the soldier’s height) copper, inflated buttons were sewn along the side. Red cord on the left shoulder - a prototype of the shoulder strap - served to secure the cartridge belt bags .
The lining of the caftan and the edge of the loops were red.
The camisole (see image below) was worn under the caftan and was of the same cut as the caftan, but shorter and narrower, without cuffs.

The pants are knee-length, with copper buttons on the side seams. Until 1720, the camisole, trousers and stockings were dark green or, less commonly, red.
The shoes were blunt-toed, greased (i.e., lubricated with tar), fastened with a copper buckle covered with a flap on top. On campaigns, privates could wear boots with small bells.
The hat is black, wool, with a round crown. The brim of the hat was trimmed with white braid and turned up, initially on one side, later on three, forming a cocked hat. A camisole button was sewn on the left side.
Tie made of black material and tied with a bow.
Epancha (see image above) was worn in cold, stormy weather. It was made of dark green cloth with a lining of the same color. It was fastened at the neck with a brass hook and loop.

As a rule, when sewing an officer's uniform uniforms and ammunition used fabrics and leather higher quality than ordinary ones. In addition, gold braid was sewn along the side, the edges of the cuffs and pocket flaps of the caftan and camisole, along the side seam of the pants and the edge of the hat brim.
The hat was decorated with a plume of white and red feathers.
Buttons The uniforms were gilded, and the caftan had a dark green lining.
Officer tie made of white linen.
In addition, officers were entitled gloves from elk skin.
In ceremonial ranks, officers had to wear large wigs with curls.
Chief officers - ensign, second lieutenant, lieutenant, captain-lieutenant and captain- had silver badges with gilded border. The sign depicted a crown and St. Andrew's cross from blue enamels.
After the battle of Narva, Peter I gave these signs the inscription “1700 19 BUT” and changed their shape and design. They became narrower and longer than before, with a golden cross and laurel branches.
Chief officers' scarves are silk, made of three stripes - white, blue and red, with silver tassels.
Staff officers - major , lieutenant colonel and colonel - had gilded signs, without an inscription, a cross - white enamel. All signs were worn on blue St. Andrew's ribbon.
The staff officers' scarves had gold tassels, the majors and lieutenant colonels had a white stripe mixed with silver, and the colonels had a red stripe mixed with gold.
Officers' scarves were worn over the right shoulder and tied in a knot at the left side.
The weapons and ammunition of the officers consisted of a sword with a lanyard and a protazan.
The sword was worn on an elk sword belt, edged with gold braid. The chief officers' lanyard was silver, and the staff officers' lanyard was gold.
In the ranks, the officers were armed with a protazan, which was a flat spear with an image of a double-headed eagle on the feather and a crescent-shaped base. The feather ended in a round tube and a metal apple. At the place where the pipe was attached to the shaft there was a brush: for chief officers it was silver, for staff officers it was gold.
The total length of the protazan with the shaft was 261 cm.
Both the officer's protazan and the sergeant's halberd were never used as weapons themselves, being a command signal or a badge of honor.
In wartime, the first rank of fusiliers - up to a third of the total number - was transformed into pikemen. Cloth the pikemen were absolutely identical to the clothing of the fusiliers.
The weapons and ammunition of the pikemen were; a spear with a black shaft (341 cm), a sword and a pistol. The tip of the spear was triangular and often decorated with a gold notch. An ensign was attached to the tip - a flag made of black material, with a golden image of a double-headed eagle and golden dragons. In front, on the belt, the pikemen wore a cartridge cannon.
In addition to the listed ranks, a fusilier company was supposed to have two drummers and one oboist. Their cut and color uniforms, basically, did not differ from the soldiers' uniform, however, there were the following features of the musicians' uniform: a narrow woolen braid of three stripes - white, blue and red - was sewn along the sides of caftans, camisoles, along the edges of cuffs and pocket flaps (see image below).

In addition, the drummers had an overlay of dark green cloth trimmed with three-color braid sewn on their right shoulder, under the drum band.
All musicians were armed with swords. The drum was worn over the right shoulder on an elk sling with an iron hook. The drum was wooden, 41.8 cm high and 44 cm in diameter. The drum body was painted with green paint and painted with patterns. On one side there was a double-headed eagle on a red field, on the other - a hand descending from the clouds with a drawn sword.
In each of the guards regiments, except for the fusilier battalions, there was one grenadier company. Uniform Guards grenadiers (see image above) differed from the fusiliers only in that instead of a three-cornered hat they wore grenadier hats made of black leather, decorated with an ostrich feather. The shape of this headdress made it possible to throw grenades without touching the wide brim of the cocked hat.

Grenadier cap consisted of a round leather crown, with a high forehead and back plate. At the back of the crown was attached a copper plaque with the monogram of Peter I, to which was attached an ostrich feather of white and red colors. The forehead was decorated with a copper plaque with an embossed image of a double-headed eagle.
Cap Guards grenadier officers were distinguished by gold embroidery in the form of leaves on the forehead and around the crown and gilded metal devices.
The weapons and ammunition of ordinary grenadiers were distinguished by the fact that the fusee had a running belt, threaded through two iron rings attached to the stock of the gun. When throwing grenades, the fusee was worn behind the back, over the left shoulder.
The sword belt and sword were of the generally accepted type. On the front of the belt was worn a cartridge bottle with 12 charges, with a round badge in the form of a flaming Grenada, with an embossed Royal monogram (see image above). Over the left shoulder on an elk sling is a grenadine bag, decorated at the corners of the lid with flaming grenades (see image above).
Grenadier chief officers had the same insignia - a sword with a lanyard, a badge and a scarf - as the fusiliers. The lyadunka was worn not on the belt, but over the right shoulder, and instead of the protazan they were armed with a light fusee with a bayonet and a shoulder strap with gold braid.
In a grenadier company I am supposed to have two drummers and one flutist.
Before 1720 cut uniforms, the weapons and ammunition of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky and Life Guards of the Semenovsky regiments were the same. The only difference was the color of the caftans - dark green in the Preobrazhensky Regiment and light blue ( blue) in Semenovsky.

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Officers of the Cossack troops assigned to the Directorate of the Military Ministry wear ceremonial and festive uniforms. May 7, 1869. Life Guards Cossack Regiment marching uniform. September 30, 1867. Generals serving in the army Cossack units wear full dress uniform. March 18, 1855 Adjutant General, listed in Cossack units in full dress uniform. March 18, 1855 Aide-de-camp, listed in Cossack units in full dress uniform. March 18, 1855 Chief officers

Until April 6, 1834, they were called companies. 1827 January 1st day - Forged stars were installed on officer epaulettes to distinguish ranks, as was introduced in the regular troops at that time 23. July 1827, 10 days - In the Don Horse Artillery companies, round pompoms were installed for the lower ranks made of red wool; officers had silver designs 1121 and 1122 24. 1829 August 7 days - Epaulets on officer uniforms are installed with a scaly field, according to the model

THE GOVERNOR EMPEROR, on the 22nd day of February and the 27th day of October of this year, deigned to give the highest command to 1. Generals, Headquarters and Chief Officers and the lower ranks of all Cossack troops, except the Caucasian, and except for the Guards Cossack units, as well as civil officials consisting in the service in the Cossack troops and in regional boards and departments in the service of the Kuban and Terek regions, named in articles 1-8 of the attached list, Appendix 1, have a uniform according to the attached

Military uniform is clothing established by rules or special decrees, the wearing of which is mandatory for any military unit and for each branch of the military. The form symbolizes the function of its wearer and his affiliation with the organization. The stable phrase honor of the uniform means military or generally corporate honor. Even in the Roman army, soldiers were given the same weapons and armor. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to depict the coat of arms of a city, kingdom or feudal lord on shields,

Adjutant General, Chief Officer of His Majesty's Life Guards Cossack Regiment and Cossack Field Horse Regiments of the Ural Cossack army in ordinary form, orders for the military department of 1883 64 and 72. Headquarters and chief officers serving in military district departments and institutions subordinate to them, ordinary uniform and checkmen order for the military department of 1892 305. Life Guards Caucasian Cossack squadrons 1 Trumpeter of His Imperial Majesty,

As noted by researcher of the history of the Caucasian linear Cossacks V.A. Kolesnikov, the Khopersky Cossack regiment existed for almost a century and a half 1775-1920, starting with a convoy police team, staffed by residents of only four settlements on the eastern outskirts of the Voronezh region, then by the beginning of the 20th century. grew into a serious fighting unit, replenished by Cossacks from two dozen villages of the Khoper regimental district of the Kuban army... The Khoperts can rightfully be called old-timers of the Kuban

During the reign of Alexander III there were no wars or major battles. All solutions for foreign policy were accepted personally by the Sovereign. The position of state chancellor was even abolished. In foreign policy, Alexander III set a course for rapprochement with France, and in building the army, much attention was paid to restoring Russia's naval power. The Emperor understood that the lack of a strong fleet had deprived Russia of a significant part of its great power weight. During his reign, the beginning was made

The clothing of military personnel is established by decrees, orders, rules or special regulations. Wearing a naval uniform is mandatory for military personnel of the state armed forces and other formations where military service is provided. In the Russian armed forces there are a number of accessories that were in the naval uniform of the times of the Russian Empire. These include shoulder straps, boots, long overcoats with buttonholes

The symbolic system of the White armies' uniform was directly influenced by symbolism White movement state national, St. George's and parts of death. By 1917, white, blue and red were considered the state colors, and white, black and yellow were mistakenly Romanov colors associated with the idea of monarchy, as exemplified by the ribbon on anniversary medal 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov. At the beginning of 1918 white-blue-red

From the author. In this article, the author does not pretend to fully cover all issues related to the history, uniform, equipment and structure of the Russian army cavalry, but only tried to briefly talk about the types of uniforms in 1907-1914. Those wishing to become more deeply acquainted with the uniform, life, customs and traditions of the Russian army cavalry can refer to the primary sources given in the list of references for this article. DRAGUNS At the beginning of the 20th century, Russian cavalry was considered

The gorget is a crescent-shaped metal plate measuring approximately 20x12cm, suspended horizontally by the ends on the officer's chest near the throat. Designed to determine the rank of an officer. More often in the literature it is referred to as an officer's badge, a neck badge, an officer's breast badge. However, the correct name for this element of military clothing is gorget. In some publications, in particular in A. Kuznetsov’s book Awards, the gorget is mistakenly considered a collective award badge. However this

There is perhaps no more well-known and noticeable element of the officer uniform of the Russian Tsarist army than the epaulettes on the shoulders of officers and generals, but the history of epaulettes in the Russian army goes back less than one century, more precisely about eighty years. Sometimes in some publications you can find a statement that epaulettes appeared on Russian military uniforms in 1762-63. However, this is not true. These are shoulder straps made from a harness cord. The ends that hang down from the shoulder in the form of a fringe give them some resemblance to epaulettes.

Espanton protazan, halberd Espanton, protazan partazan, halberd are actually ancient pole-type weapons. The espanton and protazan are piercing weapons, and the halberd is a piercing-cutting weapon. By the end of the 17th century, with the development of firearms, they were all hopelessly outdated. It is difficult to say what Peter I was guided by when introducing these antiquities into the arsenal of non-commissioned officers and infantry officers of the newly created Russian Army. Most likely modeled on Western armies. They played no role as weapons.

A document regarding army clothing, submitted by Field Marshal Prince Grigory Potemkin-Tavrichesky to The highest name in 1782 In former times in Europe, as everyone who could, had to go to war and, in the manner of the then battle, fight with white weapons, everyone, according to his wealth, burdened himself with iron armor of protection, such protection even extended to horses later , undertaking long campaigns and forming into squadrons, they began to lighten themselves; full armor was exchanged for half and

They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, they are not decorated with embossed coats of arms and plumes, and quite often they are generally hidden under jackets. However, today, without this armor, unsightly in appearance, it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the safety of VIPs. Body armor is clothing that prevents bullets from penetrating the body and, therefore, protects a person from shots. It is made from materials that dissipate

Not only historical documents, but also works of art, taking us to the pre-revolutionary past, are filled with examples of relationships between military personnel of different ranks. The lack of understanding of a single gradation does not prevent the reader from identifying the main theme of the work, however, sooner or later, one has to think about the difference between the addresses Your Honor and Your Excellency. Rarely does anyone notice that in the USSR army the circulation was not abolished, it was only replaced by a single one for everyone

The shoulder straps of the Tsarist army of 1914 are rarely mentioned in feature films and history books. Meanwhile this interesting object studied in the imperial age, during the reign of Tsar Nicholas II, uniforms were an object of art. Before the outbreak of World War I, the distinctive insignia of the Russian Army was significantly different from those used now. They were brighter and contained more information, but at the same time they did not have functionality and were easily noticeable as in the field

Very often in cinema and classical literature the title lieutenant is found. Now there is no such rank in the Russian army, so many people are interested in what rank lieutenant is in accordance with modern realities. In order to understand this, you need to look at history. History of the rank The rank of lieutenant still exists in the armies of other states, but it does not exist in the Russian army. It was first adopted in the 17th century by regiments brought to the European standard.

Considering all stages of the creation of the Russian armed forces, it is necessary to dive deeply into history, and although in the times of the principalities we are not talking about Russian Empire and even more so about the regular army, the emergence of such a concept as defense capability begins precisely from this era. In the 13th century, Rus' was represented by separate principalities. Although their military squads were armed with swords, axes, spears, sabers and bows, they could not serve as reliable protection against outside attacks. United Army

In Russia, the name of Tsar Peter I is associated with numerous reforms and transformations that radically changed the patriarchal structure civil society. Wigs replaced beards, shoes and over the knee boots replaced bast shoes and boots, caftans gave way to European dress. The Russian army, too, under Peter I, did not stand aside and gradually switched to the European system of equipment. A military uniform becomes one of the main elements of uniform. Each branch of the military receives its own uniform, info@site

*Folding icon of the Life Guards of the Transfiguration - Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ*
Currently Icon is in Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in. On the middle of the fold is the icon of the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ on Mount Tabor. On the left wing of St. Apostle Peter, on the right - St. Nikolai. At the bottom are the monograms of Emperor Peter the Great and Emperor Nicholas II. In the middle there is a regimental badge and the inscription: " Eternal memory to Preobrazhensky, who laid down their lives on the battlefield for the Faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland, who were killed in turmoil and died in dispersion." Gift from the ranks of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards on the occasion of the 250th anniversary. (Information source: Posev Publishing House (Moscow))

Peter I Preobrazhensky officer's costume: hat. Russia, 1701-1709

The regiment was part of the GUARDS CORPS - 1st Guards Infantry Division - 1st Brigade (together with the Life Guards Semenovsky Regiment).

Location: St. Petersburg.

Badge of the lower ranks of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards

Russian Empire, 1909–1917 Unknown workshop. Bronze, gilding, enamel, 27.78 g. Dimensions 49.0x43.8 mm. The condition is very good, the enamel on the lower right end of the St. Andrew's cross is chipped, the gilding is worn. Patrikeev, Boinovich.2# 3.1.1. Approved June 25, 1909

Listen to the regiment's march:

Download it:

(downloads: 54)
Marsh kindly provided Victor Sokovnin, from our own archive.

March in modern Spain:

Download regiment march:

BADGE OF THE LIFE GUARDS OF THE PREOBRAZHENSKY REGIMENT:

The sign has the shape of a St. Andrew's cross, between the upper ends of which there is a royal crown, and between the side and bottom ends there are three golden Russian double-headed eagles. The front side of the cross is covered with blue enamel in a gold frame. In the center is an image in pink enamel of the crucified St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called on a smaller gold St. Andrew's cross. On the reverse side on the crosspieces there is an inscription in black enamel: “For faith and fidelity.”

Preobrazhensky Life Guards Badge (officer): Height - 52 mm; width - 42 mm. Could be made of silver and bronze. Pin and nut sign. The nut usually had an inscription on it, for example: “Supplier P. A. Fokin S. Petersburg”, “E. Kortman" and others.

Badge of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky (soldier)

The image of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called is invoice, golden color. The inscription on the reverse side is in relief.

Height - 52 mm; width - 42 mm. Bronze.

BADGE OF THE 1ST BATTALION OF THE LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT:

Approved on December 31, 1894 in memory of service in the battalion on the day of Nicholas II’s accession to the throne.

The badge is a silver monogram of Nicholas II, mounted on Preobrazhensky and entwined with a gold ribbon with the inscription: “1st battalion of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky I.” At the ends of the ribbon there are dates: on the left - “1.1.1893”, on the right - “10.20.1894”. The badge is crowned with a silver imperial crown. Badge of the 1st Preobrazhenskaya Life Guards battalion (officer) Height - 56 mm; width - 34 mm.

Badge of the 1st battalion of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky (soldier). Height - 56 mm: width - 34 mm. White metal (silver plated).

REGIMENT HISTORY:

1683 TSAR PETER ALEXEEVICH began to gather around him, in the village of Preobrazhenskoe near Moscow, for war games, the so-called Amusing, from their peers - the children of boyars and courtiers. Contemporaries did not leave any notes about the original design of the amusing ones; we only know that their number, which at first did not exceed 50, quickly increased, so that, due to lack of premises, some of them were transferred to the village of Semenovskoye.

1687 The funny ones are already starting to be named soldier regiments: Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky.

1691 From "An amusing system of ranks for all kinds of people" is being formed Preobrazhensky Poteshny.

1695 Preobrazhensky Vyborny was formed.

1695 April 30. Preobrazhensky, reorganized into the 9th company, with a special Artillery or Bombardier company, set out from Moscow on a campaign to.

1703 In March, during the march to the Nyenschants fortress, its ranks, who turned out to be incapable of military service, were left in Moscow and from them the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Moscow Retired Company was formed.

Portrait of Feopempt Lvovich Molostvov. GMIIRT. Unknown artist of the 18th century. Oil on canvas. 69 x 51. Molostvov F.L. (1757–1817), came from the nobility of the Spassky district of the Kazan province. Captain of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards (1781), second major in (1787). Lived in St. Petersburg, collected paintings and books.

1707 In April, a decree was issued: when traveling on a march, be on horseback; As a result, in the campaigns of 1707, 1708, 1709 and 1710 he was in cavalry position.

1722 January 24. According to the table of ranks, the headquarters and chief officers were granted seniority of two ranks compared to the army.

1726 March 19. The Moscow retired horns were expelled from and turned to the formation of the Life Guards battalion, which on November 11, 1727 was named the Moscow Life Guards battalion, and was abolished on February 26, 1763; in its place, a disabled team was established in the city of Murom, called the Murom Life Guards (team) and abolished on March 28, 1811.

1741 December 26. The grenadier company, by order of ELIZAVETA PETROVNA, was expelled and named the Life Company, and a new company was formed in its place.

1762 March 13. The Bombardier Company was assigned to form a special Bombardier Battalion: on July 1, 5th, this order was canceled.

1856 February 9. Rifle companies were formed from the best shooters for each battalion, and August 6 was brought in as part of 3 active battalions, with 3 rifle companies.

1857 August 19. The third battalion was ordered to be called reserve and disbanded for peacetime.

Chief officer of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards.
Russia, St. Petersburg, 1821. Engraver: Quesnel. A. 42.9x27.3 cm

Private of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards.
Russia, St. Petersburg, 1821. Engraver: Quesnel A. Paper. Lithograph, watercolor. 43.2x27.8 cm.

, from 1881 March 2 to 1894 October 21. 2nd Chief from 1866 October 28 to 1881 March 2. (listed in 1845 February 26).

THE HIGHEST PERSONS IN THE REGIMENT:

THEIR IMPERIAL HIGHNESSES, GREAT DUKES:

	Heir Tsarevich ALEXEY NIKOLAEVICH from 1904 July 30.
	MIKHAIL ALEXANDROVICH from 1878 November 23.
	KIRILL VLADIMIROVICH from 1876 September 30 to 1905 October 5 and from 1909 April 14.
	KONSTANTIN KONSTANTINOVICH since 1891 April 23.
	NIKOLAI NIKOLAEVICH from 1905 December 3.
	PETER NIKOLAEVICH from 1864 January 10.
	His Imperial Highness Prince Georgy Maximilianovich Romanovsky. Duke of Leuchtenberg since 1852 February 17.
	His Highness Prince Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg since 1868 November 10.

THE HIGHEST PERSONS IN THE REGIMENT:

	MIKHAIL NIKOLAEVICH from 1832 October 14 to 1909 December 5.
	MIKHAIL PAVLOVICH from 1835 January 26 to 1849 August 28.
	Tsesarevich NIKOLAY ALEXANDROVICH from 1843 September 8 to 1865 April 12.
	Grand Duke VLADIMIR ALEXANDROVICH from 1847 April 10 to 1909 February 4.
	Grand Duke ALEXEY ALEKSANDROVICH from 1850 January 2 to 1908 November 1.
	Grand Duke SERGEY ALEXANDROVICH from 1857 April 29 to 1905 February 4.
	His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke PAVEL ALEXANDROVICH from 1860 September 21 to 1902 October 14.
	Grand Duke NIKOLAI NIKOLAEVICH SENIOR from 1864 August 6 to 1891 April 26.
	Grand Duke ALEXANDER ALEKSANDROVICH from 1869 R. May 26 to 1870 April 22.
	Grand Duke Tsesarevich GEORGE ALEXANDROVICH from 1871 April 27 to 1899 June 28.
	Grand Duke ALEXANDER VLADIMIROVICH from 1875 August 19 to 1877 March 5.
	Prince Nikolai Maximilianovich Romanovsky, Duke of Leuchtenberg from 1843 July 23 to 1891 January 12.
	Prince Sergei Maximilianovich Romanovsky, Duke of Leuchtenberg from 1849 December 4 to 1877 October 12.
	Prince Evgeny Maximilianovich Romanovsky, Duke of Leuchtenberg from 1870 August 6 to 1901 August 14.
	Prince Pyotr Georgievich Oldenburgsky from 1812 October 22 to 1881 May 10.
	Prince Konstantin Petrovich Oldenburgsky from 1869 May 21 to 1906 March 5.

REGIMENTAL COMMANDERS AND LIEUTENANT COLONELS:

Adjective:

He led the Russian troops during the Polish campaign of 1733-1734. Besieged and took Danzig.

He commanded the Russian army during the Russian-Turkish War of 1735-1739.

After the accession of Elizabeth Petrovna in 1741, he was exiled to Siberia. In 1762, by decree of Peter III, he was released and restored to all rights and ranks.

Prince Ivan Yuryevich Trubetskoy(1667-1750), the royal favorite and.

In his young years he entered Preobrazhensky from Peter's room steward, and in 1695, with the rank of captain, he participated in the first campaign under.

In 1698, the prince, by royal decree, went as a governor to Novgorod, where, starting in the fall of the next year, he recruited new soldier regiments.

He was captured in the battle and spent eighteen long years in Stockholm. This portrait was executed in Swedish captivity, where the prince appeared in the ceremonial Preobrazhensky uniform.

Unknown artist. 1703. Oil on canvas, 88x68 (oval in rectangle).

Admission: in 1938 from O.P. Yaroslavtseva Tretyakov Gallery. Inventory No. 24606

Prince A.I. Baryatinsky, commander of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards.

Duke Alexander Georgievich Leuchtenbergsky.

On the back there is an overprint “allowed by court censorship.” Russia, beginning XX century

His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Georgievich Romanovsky, 7th Duke of Leuchtenberg (November 1 (13), 1881, Peterhof - April 28, 1942, Salies de Béarn, France) - member of the Russian Imperial House (with the title "Imperial Highness"), Colonel, Colonel Leib- Hussar Guard (1915), during the First World War he was in the active army, from June 1, 1916 - commander of the 4th Don Cossack General Platov, in exile - honorary chairman of the Association of Lawyers.

OFFICERS OF THE REGIMENT:

1909

Gulevich, Arseny Anatolyevich, commander

Gr. Tatishchev, Nikolai Ivanovich, colonel

Book Putyatin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Colonel

Goltgoer, Konstantin Alexandrovich, Colonel

Book Obolensky, Vladimir Nikolaevich, Colonel

Nemchinov, Vladimir Alexandrovich, Colonel

Ambrazantsev-Kechaev, Ivan Alekseevich, Colonel

Zeime, Eduard Rudolfovich, colonel

Goltgoer, Sergei Alexandrovich, Colonel

Vilchkovsky, Sergei Nikolaevich, lieutenant colonel

Naryshkin, Kirill Anatolyevich, captain

Drenteln, Alexander Alexandrovich, captain

Gr. Ignatiev, Nikolai Nikolaevich, captain

Tillo, Pavel Eduardovich, captain

Hertz. Leuchtenbergsky, Nikolai Nikodimovich, captain

Kazakevich, Evgeniy Mikhailovich, captain

Gr. Litke, Konstantin Nikolaevich, captain

Zelenoy, Konstantin Illarionovich, captain

Svechin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, captain

Pavlenkov, Vladimir Ivanovich, captain

Ivanov, Alexey Stepanovich, captain

Alexandrov, Vasily Georgievich, captain

Book Maksutov, Dmitry Petrovich, captain

Doss, Dmitry Ivanovich, captain

Creighton, Sergei Nikolaevich, staff captain

Sheremetev, Sergey Vladimirovich, staff captain

Markov, Petr Vladimirovich, staff captain

Shulgin, Boris Viktorovich, staff captain

Book Argutinsky-Dolgorukov, Konstantin Sergeevich, staff captain

Vonlyarlyarsky, Dmitry Vladimirovich, staff captain

Esimontovsky, Pavel Vasilievich, staff captain

Ossetsky, Alexander Viktorovich, staff captain

Bar. Stackelberg, Fedor Ivanovich, staff captain

Kinin, Alexander Konstantinovich, staff captain

Shomansky, Bor. Ant., lieutenant

Bazilevsky, Mikhail Evgenievich, lieutenant

Baranov, Vladimir Nikolaevich, lieutenant

Priklonsky, Alexander Petrovich, lieutenant

Victor-Berchenko, Sergei Ivanovich, lieutenant

Den, Georgy Georgievich, lieutenant

Esaulov, Vladimir Evgenievich, lieutenant

Freigang, Andrey Andreevich, lieutenant

Vedenyapin, Pyotr Aleksandrovich lieutenant

Benois, Nikolai Albertovich, lieutenant

Kvashnin-Samarin, Nikolai Nikolaevich,

Gauger, Vladimir Vasilievich,

Boborykin, Mikhail Semenovich,

Freigang, Vasily Andreevich, second lieutenant

Korolkov, Vladimir Mikhailovich, second lieutenant

Skripitsin, Boris Vladimirovich, second lieutenant

Krogerus, Gustav Karlovich, second lieutenant

Kholodovsky, Yuri Ivanovich, second lieutenant

Byutsov, Sergey Evgenievich, second lieutenant

Kholodovsky, Dmitry Ivanovich, second lieutenant

Pape, Yuliy Petrovich, second lieutenant

Shvetsov, Alexander Alexandrovich, second lieutenant

Kuzmin, Konstantin Ivanovich, second lieutenant

Voropanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, second lieutenant

Parutsky, Vasily Vasilievich, second lieutenant

Putilov, Anatoly Pavlovich, second lieutenant

Perren, Boris Alekandrovich, second lieutenant

Elliot, Leonty Fridrikhovich, second lieutenant

Gr. Tatishchev, Nikolai Vladimirovich, second lieutenant

Maksheev, Vsevolod Zakharyevich, second lieutenant

MEDICINE REGULATION:

PARTICIPATION IN CAMPAIGNS AND ACTIONS AGAINST THE ENEMY, COMBAT FORM.

Azov campaigns 1695-1696:

1714 - February 19, battle of Lappola (Nappo); July 27, Naval battle of Gangeude (Gangud), capture of the Swedish squadron of Counter-Ehrenschild.

1715 - May 29 - September 1. Sea voyage near the coasts of Estonia (Estonian) and Courland to the city of Libau.

1716 - April 10 - October. A sea voyage from Libau to Copenhagen and a winter stop in the port of Rostock.

1719 - June 8 - August 25. Sea voyage to the shores of Sweden and then a stopover in Estonia (in the city of Revel).

1720 - April 28 - May 1. We set out by sea from Revel to. July 27, battle on the galleys at Grengam, capture of 4 Swedish frigates. September 8, returned to St. Petersburg.

Russian-Persian War 1722 - 1732:

1722 - May 15. One battalion set out from Moscow with the GOVERNOR on a campaign to Persia. On May 28 he was put on boats in Nizhny Novgorod, on July 28 he landed at the mouth of the river. Astrakhan, on August 25 he occupied Derbent, on September 7 he set out on a return campaign and on December 18 he returned to Moscow.

Russian-Turkish War 1735 - 1739:

The combined battalion as part of the Combined Guards Lieutenant Colonel Izmailovsky G. Biron participated in:

1737 - In January, the prefabricated battalion entered Gustav Biron, in the Field Marshal's Army and took part on June 30 - July 1 and 2 in the siege and capture of the city. .

1738 - June 30 in the battle with the Turks and between the river. Kodyma and Bug, near the river. Tashlyk, July 8 near the river. Savran, July 23 and 26 between the rivers Molochitsa (Molochishche) and Belochitsa (Belochishche).

1739 - July 10 when crossing the Dnieper at Sinkowitz, August 17 in the battle of, August 18 and 19 during the siege and capture of the cr. Khotin returned for this purpose in January 1740 to St. Petersburg.

Russian-Swedish War 1741 - 1743:

1742 - July - August. Selected members of the Combined Guards detachment (8 infantry companies, 2 cavalry squadrons and 6 guns), under the command of Second Major Izmailovsky D. Chertsov, seconded to the Army of Field Marshal Lassi, participated in the battle with the Swedes on August 8th at village Gammelstadt (Gamlashtadte) near the city.

1758 - By decree of January 28, it was ordered to send to staff the army with officers drawn again from sergeants, non-commissioned officers and soldiers of all Guards regiments, numbering up to 120; On February 24, it was ordered to select hunters from the Guard regiments from chief officers and non-commissioned officers to Saltykov’s corps, and on August 27, a decree was issued to send to Riga under the command of Lieutenant General Prince Menshikov: from all three Guard regiments, one battalion each, and from the Horse Guard 2 squadrons there to prepare for the campaign, but on October 9, due to the news received about the Battle of Zorndorf, this order was canceled.

Russian-Turkish War 1768 - 1774:

1770 - 1774 - 300 “hunters” (volunteers) who served on ships Black Sea Fleet and as part of the detachment gr. A.G. Orlov-Chesmensky and participated in the Archipelago expedition.

In the 1950s, the Bulgarians found him, awarded him the Order of Dimitrov and sewed a copy of the uniform of the Bulgarian militia (pictured).

Photo from 1963.

(Photographer - Yuri Lyubtsov).

REGIMENTAL CHURCH:

UNIFORM FEATURES:

In 1698, Preobrazhensky had green outerwear, and Semenovsky blue or light blue: they kept them later.

In 1700, before the first unsuccessful campaign near Narva, the fusiliers of Preobrazhensky’s Life Guards were dressed in dark green cloth caftans without a collar with red cuffs; At the same time they wore camisoles and short trousers in red and black ties. Shoes consisted of green stockings and shoes, and the head covering was a triangular hat.

	Privates of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards, 1700-1720
	*Fusilier of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards, 1700-1720 (the view depicts part of the city and fortress of Narva, conquered by Russian troops in 1704)*

In cold and stormy times, they wore a cloth cap, the same color as the caftan.

The caftan of the general European cut of that time was knee-length, single-breasted and instead of a collar had a narrow trim, no wider than half an inch. Its sleeves ended slightly above the wrist so that the shirt gathers were visible from under them, and the cuffs on one side were split and made three to four inches wide. At the back and on both sides of the caftan, from the waist to the hem, there were slits or holes, of which, near the sides, the flaps had frequent folds, and on the sides of the back gap for decoration there were stitching loops: three, four or more, sometimes the entire length floor. In the front sides of the floor, below the waist, a hole was made for a pocket, and to close this hole a flap was sewn on, made from the same cloth as the caftan, cut off at the bottom with five teeth. The karazeya lining and all the edges of the buttonholes were red, and the buttons were blown cone-shaped copper buttons. The latter were placed on the cuffs and flaps - four each, on the side slits of the floor - two each, and on the side from the neck to the waist - an indefinite number, in accordance with the height of the person, from approximately 12 to 16. On the left shoulder, to hold the belt or sling of the cartridge bag, a red garus cord was sewn, fastened with a tight button attached to the trim at the neck. The caftan could be buttoned or unbuttoned at will, for in the latter case the soldier’s chest was covered with a camisole. The camisole was the same cut as a caftan, only without cuffs, tighter than it, three or four inches shorter and with smaller buttons. The trousers, three inches below the knees, were fastened at the sides with small copper buttons.

From 1700 to 1720, the camisole and trousers of the lower ranks of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards were made mostly of dark green, but sometimes also of red cloth, depending on which of them was most imported from abroad, for throughout the reign Peter the Great and for a long time later, English, Hamburg and Prussian cloth was used to uniform troops.
The ties were made of black tripe and tied in a bow at the front, with both ends hanging down the camisole.
The stockings, as mentioned above, were green, and the shoes were greased, blunt-toed, with thick soles, fastened in front with a copper or iron buckle, which was hidden under a small leather tongue or flap sewn inside the shoe. For marching time, for guard duty, etc., knee-length boots with small flaps or bells, like the current jackboots, were worn.
The epancha, made of dark green cloth with a Karaze lining of the same color, was fastened at the neck with a copper hook and the same loop and had two collars - an upper one and an under or lower one. The first narrow, turn-down was about two inches wide, the last hanging, about eight inches wide, and the epancha itself was knee-length. It was made very narrow, and therefore it served as weak protection from rain and cold.
In the first years of the existence of Preobrazhensky’s Life Guards, gloves were issued to the lower ranks from the treasury, but not constantly, and later, around 1712, they were completely abolished. The black hat, wool or down, with a round, sometimes cylindrical crown, was three to four inches high and trimmed along the very edge of the brim with a white woolen cord, and next to it - the same braid half an inch wide. A copper camisole button was attached to the left side.

The sergeants, or non-commissioned officers, who in the company were: 6 corporals, a captain, two sergeants, and since 1708, instead of the last two - a fourier and a sergeant - in their uniforms they differed from the rank and file in that they had gold braid on the cuffs and around the hat , no more than half an inch wide.

Their weapons and ammunition consisted of:

Corporal - fusee, baguette, later replaced by a bayonet and a sword with a sword belt, and a bag with a belt or sling (p. 16).
- a sword with a sword belt. In the ranks, he was inseparably with the ensign, and in his absence he held, of which in those days there was supposed to be one in each company.
Captainarmus - a sword with a sword belt, a leather bag for spare cartridges, somewhat more ordinary, and a halberd (p. 16).
Fourier - a sword with a sword belt and a company badge.
Sergeant - sword with sword belt and halberd.

Corporal fusées and swords, as well as the swords of ensigns, captains, fouriers and sergeants, were of the same kind as those worn by ordinary fusiliers.

The captain's bag, the same cut as an ordinary cartridge bag, only slightly larger, was intended to contain spare cartridges, which during the action the captain was obliged to distribute to the fusiliers who fired their charges.

The Fourier badge consisted of a quadrangular piece of taffeta, damask, Chinese or canvas nailed to a 3-yard shaft, on which they wrote in paints capital letters company names and number.

A halberd is a kind of axe, only on a long 3-arshin shaft, initially, from 1700, it was made with large iron, decorated with carved images, and later had the appearance of a crescent, sometimes concave, and sometimes curved. At the bottom of the shaft there was an iron inlet (p. 17).

The initial people, or officers, of the Life Guards of Preobrazhensky, such as: in the company - ensign, second lieutenant, lieutenant, captain-lieutenant and captain, and in, majors, lieutenant colonels and colonel (the last rank from 1706 was accepted by the sovereign himself), wore clothes the same cut and color as the lower ranks, with the only difference being that on the caftan and camisole, along the side and along the edges of the cuffs and pocket flaps at the side slits of the pants and around the hat brim, there was half an inch of gold braid and all the buttons were gilded; green caftan lining; a white tie made of thin linen; on the hat there is a plume of white and red feathers and in the parade formation there are large powdered wigs, which were in general fashion in Europe at that time (pp. 13, 19). In addition to this, they wore elk-cut gloves with small stilps, or bells. Their usual uniform consisted of a sword with a lanyard and a sword belt, which outside of official duties was worn under a camisole, putting the sword in the slot on the left hem, and the combat uniform included a breastplate, a scarf and a partisan (p. 19).

	Officer's coat of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards. Russia, mid-18th century. Cloth, silk, copper, metal thread, galloon, gilding, stamping, back length 122 cm.
	Officer's caftan of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards. Russia, 1800-1801 cloth, silk, canvas, metal thread, beat, copper, gold embroidery. Back length: 112.0 cm; waist circumference: 80.0 cm.
	The shako of the lower ranks of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards (exemplary). Russia, 1812. Leather, cloth, canvas, woolen cord, brass, chasing, weaving. 16.5x27x28.5 cm

Fun troops were created Peter I from the so-called Petrov's regiment for participation in gaming battles. And the Petrov Regiment itself is a formation of “small kids” created by the Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich for the military amusements of Tsarevich Peter (while the field “games” over time looked more like military practical training).

There is no reliable information about the organization of the “amusing” regiments, but it is known that their number, initially 50 people, quickly increased, and as a result, it was decided to transfer part of the troops to the village of Semenovskoye.

Since 1683, not only young men, but also adult men, enrolled in the ranks of the “amusing” ones. Peter I developed the first special military-professional orientation program for young men in the history of Russia, which included not only physical training, but also patriotic education. The young men were taught the skills of using weapons, performing guard and intelligence services, they comprehended the history of the Russian state and learned about the military potential of countries neighboring Russia.

An entire “amusing town” called Presburg was erected in the village of Preobrazhenskoye near Moscow to practice maneuvering troops on the ground and training to storm fortresses.

In 1691, Peter I decided to transform the amusing troops into two separate regiments. Thus, the amusing villages of Semenovskoye began to be called the Life Guards Semenovsky Regiment, and the amusing villages of Preobrazhenskoye became the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. The baptism of fire for the newly formed regiments was the march to the Turkish fortress of Azov in 1695, carried out to establish Russian dominance in Crimea and to open access to the Black Sea during the military confrontation between Russia and Turkey.

The Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments showed combat bearing during the Northern War with Sweden. Thus, each soldier of the Semenovsky regiment was awarded a silver medal for participating in the 13-hour assault on the Noteburg fortress captured by the Swedes (now the Russian city of Shlisselburg). In addition, soldiers of the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments saved the Russian army from complete defeat by the Swedes during the Battle of Narva in 1700. For their steadfastness, the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovtsy were awarded red stockings, as a symbol of the fact that the soldiers were able to withstand “knee-deep in blood,” and for several years this element of uniform was distinctive feature guardsmen.

Soldiers of both regiments took part in the Patriotic War of 1812, including the Battle of Borodino.

In 1820, the Semenovsky regiment, dissatisfied with the excessive severity and exactingness of the new regiment commander, committed an uprising, but was surrounded and sent to the Peter and Paul Fortress under escort. As punishment, it was decided to dismantle the Semyonovsky regiment - that is, to transfer the soldiers to serve in other regiments, and some higher ranks were put on trial by military court. The new Semenovsky regiment was created from officers of other divisions and was considered the young guard, and only three years later it was restored to its former rights.

The Semenovsky and Preobrazhensky regiments took part in the Russian-Turkish wars of 1828-1829 and 1877-1878, and in the suppression of Polish uprisings in 1830 and 1863.

During the First World War, the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments took direct part in the Battle of Galicia, the Battle of Masuria, the Warsaw-Ivangorod and Lublin operations, the Brusilov breakthrough and many other military battles.

Soldiers of the Semenovsky regiment took an active part in the December uprising in Moscow in 1905. The Semyonovites took part in suppressing the rebellion, for which they earned the praise of Emperor Nicholas II.

The fate of the regiments after the 1917 revolution

In 1917, the Semenovsky Regiment was renamed the 3rd Petrograd City Guard named after Uritsky Regiment and stood on the side of the Soviet regime, but during the spring offensive on Petrograd, some of the officers went over to the side of the White Guards. As a result, at the beginning of 1918, the regiment was abolished, and later, in 1925, some participants were arrested Soviet power and shot.

“March of the Preobrazhensky Regiment” - the world will recognize this music from the first chords. Their sound accompanies military parades and official ceremonies and makes viewers watch with bated breath the movements of the tall guardsmen of the world-famous Preobrazhensky Regiment, honed to perfection. His appearance reflects the unbending character and mighty strength of Russian warriors. For more than three hundred years, the Preobrazhentsi have personified the history of the entire Russian Army. And all this time, the musical symbol of the Preobrazhensky warriors is the march of the Preobrazhensky Regiment “Glorious were our grandfathers! The Turks and the Swedes know us!”

To the sounds of this march and with the words of the old soldier's song, the Preobrazhensky Regiment went on military campaigns and to parades of winners, marched in honor of the great military victories of the Russian army and the imperial greatness of Russia on the days of the coronation of the royal persons.

The tempo of the march at a speed of 120 steps per minute, the special sublime and solemn sound and the edging form made this possible piece of music the personification of the victories of the Russian Army and the military glory of the Preobrazhensky soldiers.

The history of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment began more than three hundred years ago. When the heir of the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the young Tsarevich Peter was exiled to the village of Preobrazhenskoye and, for the sake of fun, gathered around him young falconers, courtyard servants and just peasants for military fun. From this composition, the future great Emperor of All Russia created two detachments, one of which he called the Semyonovsky regiment, and the second - the Preobrazhensky regiment. It was this event, which occurred in 1683, that is considered to be the moment of the birth of the glorious Russian Guard.

From that time on, the Preobrazhentsy were always close to the Tsar, both in peacetime and in wartime. They wore green uniforms with red cuffs and were not just the first. They were always on the front line, they were not afraid of death on the battlefields and fought for the Fatherland to the last. Starting from the legendary battle, which became a baptism of fire - near Narva, and until the last battles for the Russian Empire in civil war beginning of the 20th century.

Music of the Russian Empire

The generally accepted historical version says: the march of the Preobrazhensky Regiment was written in honor of the glorious victories of the elite guard during the lifetime of its founder. In any case, Peter’s Decree on the creation of full-time regimental orchestras was published at the beginning of the 18th century, and in 1716 forty musicians were already assigned to the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. According to one version, it was this orchestra that was the first to reproduce the legendary march of the Preobrazhensky Regiment.

This was not just the first music of the first regiment of the Russian Guard and the Russian Army. The march of the Preobrazhensky Regiment became a symbol of the Russian Empire and was heard at all palace ceremonies and the most significant events of the Tsar's Court. Just like the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment itself, it was also a key and system-forming support of the state system of the Russian Empire.

History and traditions of Preobrazhentsi

Russian rulers not only patronized the military unit, but they themselves considered it an honor to wear a green-red uniform and have a rank in this regiment. All Russian emperors who followed Peter the Great saw their reliable protection and support in the soldiers of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment. Therefore, it was these servicemen who had to take part not only in the most glorious and heroic battles of our Motherland, but also in numerous palace coups that occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries. Largely thanks to the Preobrazhenians, Catherine the First, Elizabeth and Catherine the Great ascended the throne.

And the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II was not only the August commander, but also had the military rank of colonel of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment. It was under Nicholas II that the Preobrazhensky March began to be positioned as the main march of Russia.

With the Bolsheviks coming to power, the military leadership of the Preobrazhensky Regiment decided to disband the formation itself and hide the regimental banner. The event, which interrupted the glorious history of the Preobrazhensky Regiment for almost a century, occurred in mid-1931. It was at this time that the banner of the Preobrazhensky Regiment was found and destroyed by the Bolsheviks.

According to historians, in no country in the world does there exist a military unit that would play such a role in the history of its country. It is no coincidence that Russian autocrats called the Preobrazhensky soldiers “The Iron Wall” Russian Kingdom" And the Preobrazhensky March continued to resonate in the emigration of wars legendary regiment, and in their homeland - Soviet Russia.

Renaissance

The glorious history of the famous Preobrazhensky Regiment began its new countdown on April 5, 2013. When, by decree of Russian President Vladimir Putin, the 154th separate commandant regiment was given the honorary name “Preobrazhensky”.

Today, these military personnel take part in all the highest state events - state ceremonies and military parades, meetings and send-offs of foreign heads of state and military delegations, and accompany top officials at wreath-laying ceremonies at monuments and the Eternal Flame. In addition, the Preobrazhentsy bear garrison and military service, ensure security in Moscow and the region, including in terms of anti-terrorist security.

This military unit has always been considered the elite of the Russian Army. Getting to serve in the Preobrazhensky Regiment is considered a huge success. However, the requirements for candidates are quite strict. On the one hand, representative external data and high growth, on the other, good health and a prosperous family. It goes without saying that conscripts should not have problems with the law or have bad habits. So the best get here. Moreover, regiment commanders personally select candidates for service. Needless to say, the chances of recruits from pairs of twins who meet all these requirements increase at least twice.

How to get to the Preobrazhensky Regiment:

Height from one hundred seventy-five to one hundred and ninety centimeters;
Optimal weight-to-height ratio;
One hundred percent vision without correction and normal color perception;
Acute hearing, which allows you to perceive whispers at a distance of six meters;
No tattoos on the body;
Growing up in a complete family;
Twin brothers are a priority.

The conditions for acceptance into military service under a contract are even higher. All applicants undergo a rigorous examination selection in physical fire and drill training and basic military subjects. Moreover, admission occurs on the basis of higher education. And even when enlisting in a regiment, contract soldiers undergo additional training courses in a special training unit.

Army everyday life of the Preobrazhensky Regiment

It is the Preobrazhensky soldiers who, without taking their eyes off and with bated breath, watch the whole world during military parades and demonstration performances. Looking at the tall guardsmen, schoolchildren involuntarily freeze and stand at attention. At this moment, each of them dreams of becoming a military man when he grows up. However, it is difficult for civilians to imagine what hard military work is behind their refined movements and military bearing. Only five to eight hours are allocated for daily drill training. In fact, marching is not just a military science, but also a high art.

Learning to stand still is no longer an easy task, and Preobrazhensky soldiers have to do this often. But these guys can stand for several hours, and are ready to perform a drill at any moment.

If the Preobrazhensky Regiment is the heart of the Russian Army, then the Honor Guard Company is the pride of the regiment itself. The most serious selection is for the honor guard company. The highest and most athletic conscripts serve here. Sitting on the longitudinal and even transverse splits will not be difficult for these guys. The soldier with the best stretch is designated as a lineman. They are the calling card of the honor guard company. It is along linear lines - like beacons - that all soldiers passing through Red Square are guided. They were given the honor of being the first to start moving at the Victory Parade. By the way, the March of the Preobrazhensky Regiment is heard at the Victory Parade second after the performance of the “Holy War”.

The Honor Guard is the only military unit of the Russian Army where each soldier is assigned three firearms at once. This is a training carbine, a combat carbine, and a special Simonov self-loading carbine for ceremonial appearances.

These guns were once held in the hands of the guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. They fired from it near Narva, fought hand-to-hand near Poltava, and took Izmail with its help. It passed through hundreds of guards' hands, conveying the strength of spirit of Russian soldiers and carefully preserving the history of glorious victories. This Russian weapons remained only in the 154th Separate Preobrazhensky Commandant Regiment. Juggling with a carbine is another modern military art that not every fighter, even of elite troops, can master. But absolutely all Preobrazhensk residents should be able to march correctly and effectively with weapons. The banner group, linemen, wreath bearers and basket bearers - all have their own tasks. If the honor guard needs to stand at attention for several hours in both heat and cold, then, for example, wreath bearers need to beautifully lay a wreath, the weight of which can reach 50 kilograms.

The modern Military Band was formed in 2011. Today it is the central military orchestra of the Russian capital, accompanies the most important events at the highest level.

Transfiguration in the Preobrazhensky Regiment

The Transfiguration of the Lord is one of the most significant Orthodox holidays for the Russian military system, and, of course, for the soldiers and officers of the Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment. Two years after the revival of the history of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, the Church of the Transfiguration was also restored in the capital of Russia. This is the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, which was blown up by the Soviet authorities during the time of Khrushchev. In addition to holding services and church sacraments, the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord has another equally important task. And it lies in perpetuating the memory and glorious military past of this military unit. In the basement floor of Preobrazhensky created historical museum Preobrazhensky Regiment, which, among other exhibits, also contains copies of historical banners of the glorious military unit.

Every year on August 19, a festive liturgy is served in the newly built Church of the Preobrazhensky Regiment and commemorates all those who laid down their lives for the Faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland.