Nekrasov biography for children. A short biography of Nekrasov is the most important thing. Active work of the writer. Contribution to literature
On November 22, 1821, Nikolai Nekrasov was born in the Podolsk province, in the city of Nemirov. The future writer was of noble origin, but the childhood of the future Russian poet was by no means joyful. Nikolai's father, Alexey Sergeevich Nekrasov, a wealthy nobleman, had an addiction to gambling and was a rather cruel person. Throughout their childhood, little Nikolai and his 13 brothers and sisters observed their father’s rudeness towards servants and relatives. In addition, frequent travels with his father left in the memory of the future poet a sad picture of the life of Russian peasants. Later, what he saw would be embodied in the famous work “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
In 1832, 11-year-old Nekrasov began studying at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Despite the fact that studying was difficult for the future poet, it was during this period that his first poems began to appear. At the age of 17, by order of his father, Nikolai Nekrasov tries to enroll in military service, but fate decrees otherwise: the thirst for knowledge leads the poet to the doors of St. Petersburg University. He goes as a volunteer, attends lectures at the Faculty of Philology and gives private lessons to earn some money. At this time, Nekrasov met V. G. Belinsky, he had a significant influence on the poet’s creative path.
Nikolai Nekrasov is known not only as a famous poet, but also as an excellent journalist and publicist. In 1840, he began writing for the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, and already at the beginning of 1847, together with Ivan Panaev, he leased the founded A.S. Pushkin magazine "Contemporary".
3rd grade, 4th grade, 5th, 6th grade. For children. 7th grade
Biography by dates and Interesting Facts. The most important.
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Famous Russian poet - Nikolai Nekrasov. short biography literary genius is very ambiguous. He survived the difficult years of childhood with a tyrant father and adolescence without a penny in his pocket. He started out as an unknown poet and died as a brilliant writer. He was always concerned about the fate of the common people, which he reflected on in his works. Nekrasov made a huge contribution to the development of Russian literature with his poems and poems.
Famous Russian writer - Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. His short biography is very interesting and rich in various events. Perhaps the most famous work of Nikolai Alekseevich is the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” which he created from 1860 to 1877. The poem “Frost, Red Nose,” written in 1863, and the poem “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares” are also known throughout the world.
Little Nikolai began writing his first poems in a notebook at the age of 16, and began composing them at 11. Nekrasov died at the age of 57 as a recognized writer. Nikolai Alekseevich rightfully occupies an honorable place in Russian literature on a par with A. A. Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov.
Origin
A short biography of Nekrasov shows what an extraordinary personality this man was. The writer was born into the family of a wealthy landowner and lieutenant Alexei Sergeevich in the city of Nemirov, Vinnitsa district, Podolsk province. His mother, Elena Andreevna Zakrevskaya, was an educated woman, the daughter of a minor official. Elena's parents were against this marriage, so she married Nikolai Nekrasov's father against their will. However, Zakrevskaya was unhappy in her marriage - Alexei Nekrasov turned out to be a tyrant, oppressing not only the serfs, but also his entire family.
The poet's family had 13 children. Nikolai's father took his son with him when he decided on family matters: collecting debts from peasants, intimidating people. From early childhood, the child saw the dead, which sank into his soul. In addition, the father openly cheated on his wife. Later, all this will manifest itself in the writer’s work in the form of images of a tyrant father and a martyr mother. The writer carried the image of his mother - bright and kind - throughout his life, and it is in all his works.
Nekrasov was an unusual person; his short biography is unique. At the age of 11, Nekrasov was sent to study at a gymnasium, where he barely made it to the 5th grade. The boy had problems with his studies, in particular because of the authorities of the Yaroslavl gymnasium. The young poet was not liked because of his satirical poems, in which he ridiculed his superiors. It was at that time that the writer began to write down his first poems in a small notebook. The first works of Nikolai Nekrasov are full of sad notes.
Alexey Sergeevich always wanted his son to follow in his footsteps and become a military man, but Nikolai Nekrasov did not share his father’s wishes, so at the age of 17 he left without permission to go to university in St. Petersburg. Even his father’s threats that he would leave him penniless did not stop the young man.
Studying Nekrasov’s short biography, you can see how difficult the first years in the capital were for the writer. There were times when he could not eat properly due to lack of funds. Nikolai Alekseevich took on any job, but sometimes there was not enough money even for housing. Belinsky helped the poet a lot, who accidentally drew attention to the talented young man and brought him to Panaev, a famous writer of that time.
Nikolai Nekrasov - short biography of writing activity
Hard times were left behind when Nekrasov began writing short articles in magazines and newspapers: “Literary Newspaper”, “Literary Addendum to the Russian Disabled Man”. He also gave lessons and wrote vaudeville. In 1840, Nekrasov published his first collection of poems, “Dreams and Sounds.” However, this book was not particularly popular, and the capital’s critics did not take the poems from the collection seriously. This greatly affected Nikolai Alekseevich’s self-esteem, he even began to buy “Dreams and Sounds” from the shelves and destroy it in order to avoid shame.
Nekrasov's early prose was full of realism, it mentioned poor deceived girls, hungry poets, cruel moneylenders - everything that the writer had to face personally during his difficult youth. Nekrasov's biography - a brief summary of his life - shows all the difficulties that the writer had to go through before he made a decent fortune and found friends.
Sovremennik magazine
At the beginning of 1847, Nikolai Nekrasov, together with Ivan Panaev, rented Sovremennik from Pletnev, a popular literary magazine at that time, which was founded by Alexander Pushkin himself. The comrades became discoverers of new talents: it was in their magazine that Fyodor Dostoevsky and Nikolai Chernyshevsky were first published. Nekrasov himself at this time wrote and published such works as “Dead Lake”, “Three Countries of the World”, in collaboration with Golovachevai-Panaeva (Stanitsky). Nekrasov fought with all his might, his short biography literary activity shows that he spared no effort to ensure that the magazine remained interesting and in demand.
During the reign of Nicholas I, there was severe censorship in the press; it was not easy for a writer to fight it, so Nekrasov filled the gaps in the magazine with his works. Although, as the poet himself noted, the content of Sovremennik had noticeably faded, and a lot of effort had to be made to preserve the magazine’s reputation.
Personal life of Nikolai Alekseevich
Nekrasov met his first lover in St. Petersburg. In fact, we can say that he took Avdotya Panaeva away from his friend Ivan Panaev. Avdotya was a bright and temperamental woman who was liked by many, but she preferred Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. A short biography of the writer shows that after the poet and his beloved began to live together in the apartment of Avdotya’s ex-husband, many friends and acquaintances turned away from Nikolai, but he didn’t care - the lovers were happy.
Nekrasov’s next woman was the flighty Frenchwoman Selina Lefren. She did not take the writer seriously, while Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov himself, a short biography shows this, was crazy about her. He dedicated poems to her and admired this woman. But Selina spent most of Nikolai's fortune and left for Paris.
The last woman of the writer was young Zinaida Nikolaevna, whose real name was Fekla Anisimovna Viktorova. She's up to last days looked after my husband. Nekrasov treated Zinaida very tenderly and dedicated more than one poem to her.
The writer's later years
The writer constantly reflects on the fate of the people of his homeland, as evidenced by Nekrasov’s biography. Summary famous work “Who Lives Well in Rus'”: the poet is trying to understand whether life is so good for the common people - the peasant peasants - after the abolition of serfdom? People already have freedom, but is there happiness?
Satire has always occupied a large place in Nekrasov’s work. This can be especially seen in a work such as “Contemporaries,” written in 1875. That same year, the poet became seriously ill; doctors diagnosed him with stomach cancer. Surgeon Billroth was called from Vienna, but treatment and surgery only briefly delayed Nekrasov’s death.
In the poet's last works one can see sadness - Nekrasov understands that he has very little time allotted to him. In some works, he reflects on his life, what he has achieved, and thanks his close friends for being there.
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov died in the early evening of December 27, 1877. The entire literary elite of that time, as well as the common people for whom he wrote, came to say goodbye to the poet.
A short biography of Nekrasov shows how extraordinary this man was: having gone through all the difficulties of life, ups and downs with dignity, the poet never forgot about his purpose - to write for the people and about the people.
Nikolai Nekrasov is the progenitor of a new literary speech, which his contemporaries successfully recreated and improved at the beginning of the 20th century.
Nikolai Alekseevich’s revolution proceeded in two directions at once: content (the writer touched on topics in his works that were not customary to talk about even in prose) and metric (poetry, squeezed into iambic and trochee, thanks to him received a rich arsenal of trimeters).
Russian literature, like Russian public life, until the end of the 60s, developed within the framework of a dichotomy. Nekrasov in his work pushed the boundaries of consciousness, explaining to people that there are at least three points of view on the same question.
Childhood and youth
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on November 28, 1821 in the Podolsk province, where the 36th Jaeger Infantry Regiment, in which his father served as a captain, was stationed.
The head of the family, Alexei Sergeevich, was a despot who was proud of his noble origins. The avid gambler was not interested in either poetry or prose. The mentally unstable man was good at only two things - hunting and assault. Despite the fact that intellectual demands were alien to Alexei, it was in his father’s library that young Nekrasov read the ode “Liberty,” which was prohibited at that time.
Mother Elena Alekseevna was the complete opposite of her husband. A gentle young lady with a fine spiritual organization, she played music and read all the time. In the illusory world of books, she escaped from the harsh everyday realities. Subsequently, Nekrasov will dedicate the poem “Mother” and “Knight for an Hour” to this “holy” woman.
Nekrasov was not the only child. In the difficult atmosphere of his father’s brutal reprisals against peasants, Alexei Sergeevich’s stormy orgies with his serf mistresses and cruel treatment of his “recluse” wife, 13 more children grew up.
In 1832, Nekrasov entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium, where he reached only the 5th grade. The father always wanted his son to follow in his footsteps and become a military man. In 1838, 17-year-old Nikolai went to St. Petersburg to be assigned to a noble regiment.
In the cultural capital, the young man met his fellow countryman, Andrei Glushitsky, who told the poet about the delights of studying in higher education. educational institution. Inspired, Nekrasov, contrary to his father’s instructions, decides to enter the philological faculty of St. Petersburg University. However, the ambitious guy fails entrance examination and earns the status of a volunteer (1831-1841).
As a student, Nikolai Nekrasov suffered terrible poverty. Left without material support, he spent the night in gateways and basements, and only saw a full meal in his dreams. Terrible hardships not only prepared the future writer for adult life, but also strengthened his character.
Literature
The first collection of poems by young Nekrasov was “Dreams and Sounds”. The book was prepared in 1839, but Nekrasov was in no hurry to publish his “brainchild”. The writer doubted the poetic maturity of his poems and was looking for a strict adviser.
Having the proofs in hand, the aspiring writer asked the founder of romanticism to familiarize himself with it. Vasily Andreevich advised not to publish the book under his own name, explaining that in the future Nekrasov would write great works, and Nikolai Alekseevich would be ashamed of this “unprofessionalism”.
As a result, the collection was published under the pseudonym N.N. This collection was not successful with the public, and after criticism by Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky in the literary magazine Otechestvennye zapiski it was destroyed personally by Nekrasov.
Together with the writer Ivan Ivanovich Panaev, using borrowed money, in the winter of 1846, the poet rented Sovremennik. The publication published leading writers and all those who hated serfdom. In January 1847, the first issue of the updated Sovremennik took place. In 1862, the government suspended the work of the unwanted high ranks magazine, and in 1866 closed it altogether.
In 1868, Nikolai Alekseevich bought the rights to “Notes of the Fatherland”. There the classic was published throughout the subsequent years of its short life.
Among the great variety of works by the writer, the poems “Russian Women” (1873), “Frost, Red Nose” (1863), “Peasant Children” (1861), “On the Volga” (1860) and the poem “Grandfather Mazai” especially stood out. and Hares" (1870), "A Little Man with a Marigold" (1861), "Green Noise" (1862-1863), "Hearing the Horrors of War" (1855).
Personal life
Despite his successful literary policy and the fantastic amount of information that the writer issued monthly (more than 40 printed sheets of proofs) and processed, Nekrasov was an extremely unhappy person.
Sudden attacks of apathy, when the poet did not contact anyone for weeks, and multi-night “card battles” made the arrangement of his personal life almost impossible.
In 1842, at a poetry evening, Nikolai Alekseevich met the wife of the writer Ivan Panaev, Avdotya. The woman was pretty, had an extraordinary mind and magnificent oratorical skills. As the owner of a literary salon, she constantly “gathered” eminent literary figures (Chernyshevsky, Belinsky) around her.
Despite the fact that Ivan Panaev was an inveterate rake, and any woman would be glad to get rid of such a would-be husband, Nekrasov had to make considerable efforts in order to earn the favor of the charming young lady. It is reliably known that he was in love with the beauty and, however, he failed to achieve reciprocity.
At first, the wayward woman rejected the advances of 26-year-old Nekrasov, which is why he almost committed suicide. But during a joint trip to the Kazan province, the charming brunette and the budding writer nevertheless confessed their feelings to each other. Upon their return, they and Avdotya’s legal husband began to live in a civil marriage in the Panayevs’ apartment.
The Triple Alliance lasted 16 years. All this action caused censure from the public - they said about Nekrasov that he lives in someone else’s house, loves someone else’s wife and at the same time makes scenes of jealousy for his legal husband.
Despite the slander and misunderstanding, Nekrasov and Panaeva were happy. In tandem, the lovers write a cycle of poetry, calling it “Panaevsky”. Biographical elements and dialogue, sometimes with the heart, sometimes with the mind, contrary to popular belief, make the works in this collection absolutely different from the Denisyev Cycle.
In 1849, the famous poet’s muse gave birth to his son. However, the “heir to the talents” of the writer lived only a couple of hours. Six years later, the young lady again gives birth to a boy. The child was extremely weak and died after four months. Due to the impossibility of having children in the couple of Nekrasov and Panayeva, quarrels begin. The once harmonious couple can no longer find “common points of contact.”
In 1862, Avdotya’s legal husband, Ivan Panaev, dies. Soon the woman realizes that Nikolai Alekseevich is not the hero of her novel, and leaves the poet. It is reliably known that in the writer’s will there is a mention of “the love of his life.”
On a trip abroad in 1864, Nekrasov lived for 3 months in an apartment with his companions - his sister Anna Alekseevna and the Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, whom he met back in St. Petersburg in 1863.
Selina was an actress of a French troupe performing at the Mikhailovsky Theater, and because of her easy disposition, she did not take her relationship with the poet seriously. Lefren spent the summer of 1866 in Karabikha, and in the spring of 1867 she again went abroad with Nekrasov. However, this time the fatal beauty never returned to Russia. This did not interrupt their relationship - in 1869 the couple met in Paris and spent the whole of August by the sea in Dieppe. The writer also mentioned her in his dying will.
At the age of 48, Nekrasov met a simple-minded 19-year-old village girl, Fekla Anisimovna Viktorova. And although the young lady did not have outstanding external characteristics and was extremely modest, the master of the literary word immediately liked her. For Thekla, the poet became the man of her life. He not only revealed to a woman the vicissitudes of love, but also showed the world.
Nekrasov and his young girlfriend lived together for five happy years. Their love story was reminiscent of the plot of the play Pygmalion. Lessons in French, Russian grammar, vocals and playing the piano transformed the writer’s common-law wife so much that instead of an overly common name, the poet began to call her Zinaida Nikolaevna, giving her a patronymic in his own name.
The poet felt the most tender feelings, but throughout his life he yearned for both the carefree Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, with whom he had an affair abroad, and for the obstinate Avdotya Yakovlevna.
Death
The last years of the great writer’s life were filled with agony. The publicist purchased a “one-way ticket” at the beginning of 1875, when he became seriously ill.
The classic man, who did not particularly care about his health, consulted a doctor only in December 1876 after his affairs became very bad. The examination was carried out by Professor Nikolai Sklifosovsky, who then worked at the Medical-Surgical Academy. During a digital examination of the rectum, he clearly identified a tumor the size of an apple. The eminent surgeon immediately informed both Nekrasov and his assistants about the tumor in order to collectively decide what to do next.
Although Nikolai Alekseevich understood that he was seriously ill, he refused to increase the dose of opium until the very end. The already middle-aged writer was afraid of losing his ability to work and becoming a burden to his family. It is reliably known that during the days of remission, Nekrasov continued to write poems and completed the fourth part of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” On the Internet to this day you can find photographs where the classic “enslaved by disease” lies on the bed with a piece of paper and thoughtfully looks into the distance.
The treatment used was losing effectiveness, and in 1877 the desperate poet turned to surgeon E.I. for help. Bogdanovsky. The writer’s sister, having learned about the surgical intervention, wrote a letter to Vienna. In it, the woman tearfully asked the eminent professor Theodor Billroth to come to St. Petersburg and operate on his beloved brother. On April 5, agreement came. A close friend of Johannes Brahms asked for 15 thousand Prussian marks for the work. Preparing for the arrival of the surgeon, N.A. Nekrasov borrowed the required amount of money from his brother Fedor.
The attending physicians had to agree with by decision and wait for the arrival of a colleague. Professor T. Billroth arrived in St. Petersburg on April 11, 1877. The medical luminary was immediately acquainted with the classic’s medical history. On April 12, Theodor examined Nekrasov and scheduled an operation for the evening of the same day. The hopes of family and friends were not justified: the painful operation led to nothing.
The news of the poet's fatal illness spread across the country in an instant. People from all over Russia sent letters and telegrams to Nikolai Alekseevich. Despite the terrible torment, the eminent literary figure continued to correspond with concerned citizens until he became completely paralyzed.
In the book “Last Songs” written during this time, the literary figure summed up the results, drawing an invisible line between life and creativity. The works included in the collection are a literary confession of a man who anticipates his imminent death.
In December, the publicist’s condition worsened sharply: along with increasing general weakness and emaciation, constantly increasing pain in the gluteal area, chills, swelling on the back of the thigh and swelling in the legs appeared. Among other things, foul-smelling pus began to come out of the rectum.
Before his death, Nekrasov decided to legitimize his relationship with Zinaida. The patient did not have the strength to go to church, and the wedding took place at home. On December 14, who observed the patient N.A. Belogolovy determined complete paralysis of the right half of the body and warned his relatives that the condition would progressively worsen every day.
On December 26, Nikolai Alekseevich one by one called his wife, sister and nurse to him. He said a barely audible “goodbye” to each of them. Soon consciousness left him, and on the evening of December 27 (January 8, 1878, new style), the eminent publicist died.
On December 30, despite the severe frost, a crowd of thousands accompanied the poet “on his last day” from his house on Liteiny Prospekt to his eternal resting place - the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent.
In his farewell speech, Dostoevsky awarded Nekrasov third place in Russian poetry after Pushkin and. The crowd interrupted the writer with shouts of “Yes, higher, higher than Pushkin!”
Immediately after the funeral, Zinaida Nikolaevna turned to the abbess of the monastery with a request to sell her a place next to her husband’s grave for her future burial.
Bibliography
- "Actor" (play, 1841)
- "Rejected" (play, 1859)
- "The Official" (play, 1844)
- “Theoklist Onufrich Bob, or The Husband Is Out of Place” (play, 1841)
- “Lomonosov’s Youth” (dramatic fantasy in verse in one act with an epilogue, 1840)
- “Contemporaries” (poem, 1875)
- “Silence” (poem, 1857)
- “Grandfather” (poem, 1870)
- “Cabinet of Wax Figures” (poem, 1956)
- “Who Lives Well in Rus'” (poem, 1863-1876)
- “Peddlers” (poem, 1861)
- “Recent Time” (poem, 1871)
It was Nekrasov who expanded the range of the poetic genre with colloquial speech and folklore. No one had practiced such combinations before him. This innovation had a great impact on further development literature.
Nekrasov was the first to decide on a combination of sadness, satire and lyricism within one work.
Biographers like to divide the history of Nikolai Alekseevich’s development as a poet into three periods:
✪ The moment of release of the collection “Dreams and Sounds”. This is the image of the poet, which was created in the lyrics of Pushkin, Lermontov, Baratynsky. The young man still wants to be like this image, but is already looking for himself in his own personal creativity. The writer has not yet decided on his direction, and is trying to imitate recognized writers.
✪ Since 1845. Now the poet depicts street scenes in his poems, and this is liked and welcomed. Before us is a poet of a new format who already knows what he wants to say.
✪
Late 40s - Nekrasov is a famous poet and successful writer. He edits the most influential literary world at that time.
At the beginning of your creative journey
Very young, with great difficulty, eighteen-year-old Nekrasov reached St. Petersburg. He kept with him a notebook of youthful poems. The young man believed in his capabilities. It seemed to him that the poet’s fame would happen as soon as people began to read his poems.
And indeed, a year later he was able to publish his first book - poetry. The book was called "Dreams and Sounds." The success that the author expected did not follow. This did not break the poet.
The young man strived for education. He decided to attend lectures at St. Petersburg University as a volunteer, but this was also a very short-lived project of his, which ended in failure. His father deprived him of all help; there was nothing to live on. The young man put aside his high title for several years and began writing for various magazines and newspapers, becoming a literary day laborer. Vaudeville, prose, satirical stories - this is how Nikolai earned money in his early years.
Fortunately, in 1845 everything changed. Together with the poet Ivan Panaev, the young authors published an almanac with the attractive title “Physiology of St. Petersburg.” The collection was expected to be a success. Absolutely new heroes appeared to the Russian reader. These were not romantic characters, not duelists. These were ordinary residents of St. Petersburg: janitors, organ grinders, in general, those who need sympathy.
Contemporary
A year later, at the end of 1846, young writers go even further. They are a well-known magazine "Contemporary" are issued for rent. This is the same magazine that was founded in 1836 by Pushkin.Already in January 1847, the first issues of Sovremennik were published.
The contemporary is also a resounding success. New Russian literature begins with this magazine. Nikolai Alekseevich is a new type of editor.
He assembled an excellent team of professionals literary genre. All Russian literature seems to have narrowed down to a narrow circle of like-minded people. To make a name for himself, a writer had only to show his manuscript to Nekrasov, Panaev or Belinsky, he would like it and be published in Sovremennik.
The magazine began to educate the public in an anti-serfdom and democratic spirit.
When Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky began to be published in the publication, the old employees began to be indignant. But Nikolai Alekseevich was sure that thanks to the diversity of the magazine, its circulation would increase. The bet worked. The magazine, aimed at diverse young people, attracted more and more readers.
But in 1862, a warning was issued to the writing team, and the government decided to suspend the publication’s activities. It was renewed in 1863.
After the assassination attempt on Emperor Alexander II in 1866, the magazine was closed forever.
Creative flourishing
In the mid-40s, while working at Sovremennik, Nikolai Alekseevich gained fame as a poet. This glory was undeniable. Many people did not like the poems; they seemed strange and shocking. For many, beautiful paintings and landscapes were not enough.
With his lyrics, the writer glorifies simple everyday situations. Many people think that the position of the people's defender is just a mask, but in life the poet is a completely different person.
The writer himself worked a lot on his own biography, creating the image of a poor man and, therefore, well understanding the soul of the poor. At the beginning of his creative path He actually ate bread in public canteens, hiding behind a newspaper in shame, and for some period he slept in a shelter. All this, of course, strengthened his character.
When, finally, the writer began to live the life of a wealthy writer, this life ceased to fit in with the legend, and his contemporaries formed a counter-myth about a sensualist, a gambler, a spender.
Nekrasov himself understands the duality of his position and reputation. And he repents in his poems.
That's why I deeply despise myself,
That I live - day after day, uselessly destroying;
That I, without trying my strength at anything,
He condemned himself with a merciless court...
The most striking works
There were different periods in the author's work. They all found their reflection: classical prose, poetry, drama.The debut of literary talent can be considered a poem "On the road" , written in 1945, where a conversation between a master and a serf reveals the attitude of the nobility towards the common people. The gentlemen wanted to - they took a girl into the house to raise her, and after an audit of the serfs, they took a grown, well-mannered girl and kicked her out of the manor’s house. She is not adapted to village life, and no one cares about that.
For about ten years, Nekrasov has been published on the pages of the magazine, of which he himself is the editor. It is not only poetry that occupies the writer. Having become close to the writer Avdotya Panaeva, falling in love with her, appreciating her talent, Nikolai creates a kind of tandem.
One after another, novels written in co-authorship are being published. Panaeva published under the pseudonym Stanitsky. Most notable “Dead Lake”, “Three Countries of the World” .
Early significant works include the following poems: “Troika”, “Drunkard”, “Hound Hunt”, “Motherland” .
In 1856, his new collection of poems was published. Each verse was imbued with pain about the people, their difficult lot in conditions of complete lawlessness, poverty and hopelessness: “Schoolboy”, “Lullaby”, “To the Temporary Worker” .
A poem born in agony "Reflections at the Front Entrance" in 1858. It was ordinary life material, only seen from the window, and then, decomposed into themes of evil, judgment and retribution.
In his mature work, the poet did not betray himself. He described the difficulties that all strata of society faced after the abolition of serfdom.
The following nicknames occupy a special textbook place:
✪ A large verse dedicated to the poet’s sister, Anna Alekseevna "Jack Frost" .
✪ "Railway" , where the author shows without embellishment the other side of the construction coin. And he does not hesitate to say that nothing changes in the lives of the serfs who received their freedom. They are also exploited for pennies, and the masters of life deceitfully take advantage of illiterate people.
✪ Poet "Russian women" , was originally supposed to be called “Decembrists”. But the author changed the title, trying to emphasize that any Russian woman is ready for sacrifice, and she has enough mental strength to overcome all obstacles.
✪
Even though the poem “Who lives well in Rus'”
was conceived as a voluminous work, only four parts saw the light of day. Nikolai Alekseevich did not have time to finish his work, but he tried to give the work a finished look.
Idioms
How relevant Nekrasov’s work remains to this day can be judged by the most famous phrases. Here are just a few of them.
✪ The 1856 collection opened with the poem “The Poet and the Citizen.” In this poem the poet is inactive, does not write. And then a citizen comes to him and calls on him to start working.
You may not be a poet
But you have to be a citizen.
These two lines contain such a philosophy that writers still interpret them differently.
✪ The author constantly used gospel motifs. The poem “To the Sowers,” written in 1876, was based on the parable of a sower who sowed grain. Some grains sprouted and bore good fruit, while others fell on a stone and died. Here the poet exclaims:
Sower of knowledge for the people's field!
Perhaps you find the soil barren,
Are your seeds bad?
Sow what is reasonable, good, eternal,
Sow! Thank you from the bottom of my heart
Russian people…
The conclusion suggests itself. Not everyone and not always say thank you, but the sower sows by choosing fertile soil.
✪ And this excerpt, known to everyone, from the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” can be considered the culminating last chord of Nekrasov’s work:
You're miserable too
You are also abundant
You are mighty
You are also powerless
Mother Rus'!
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is an outstanding Russian writer, who is put on a par with such figures of Russian literature as Pushkin and Lermontov. Nekrasov devoted his entire life and work to the creation of works touching on acute social topics, and also created the conditions for the emergence of a whole galaxy of outstanding writers.
Nekrasov’s contribution to Russian classical literature is enormous, because he devoted his creativity and activities to the real problems of the country.
Childhood
Nikolai Alekseevich was born on December 10, 1821 (new style) in the Podolsk province. His father was a service man, and his mother was Polish. In 1824, the father decided to resign, and the family moved to an estate in the village of Greshnevo, Yaroslavl province.
The family was large; the future luminary of Russian literature had 13 brothers and sisters. My childhood years were difficult, since my father was a very oppressive and cruel man who treated the peasants with contempt and terribly punished them for their offenses.
Forced to observe his father’s cruelty, the boy looked at his behavior with hatred and because of this he did not like his father’s house. However, belonging to a noble family instilled in Nekrasov the habits characteristic of the average landowner - he loved to play cards and hunt.
At the age of 11, Nekrasov was sent to a gymnasium, where he studied for five years. His studies were going poorly, but during this period he began to create and record his first satirical poems.
Creative path
In 1838, at the age of 17, Nekrasov left his father’s house and went to seek his fortune in the capital. Russian Empire. There he entered the philological faculty of the university as a free student. He could not count on his father’s support, since he wanted to see his son exclusively as a military man.
To stay afloat and somehow survive, Nekrasov looked for various ways part-time job - gave private lessons, wrote poetry to order. Life from hand to mouth made the writer even closer to the people, which later received a response in his work.
Having suffered a fiasco, Nekrasov switched to prose and took up daily work, which consisted of writing prose works and scripts for theatrical performances. He also wrote short stories and novellas.
In 1845, Nekrasov was able to get back on his feet and took the position of publisher of a new literary school. In 1846, a number of almanacs were published, which turned out to be commercially profitable. The St. Petersburg collection contained Dostoevsky’s work “Poor People,” which was published for the first time and became very successful.
Dostoevsky was also friends with literary critic Belinsky. He really liked Nekrasov’s new poems and received positive reviews.
Sovremennik magazine
In 1846, Nekrasov managed to buy the Sovremennik magazine, whose editor-in-chief was once Pushkin himself. At that time, it was in decline, as it was in the hands of aristocrats, but then it experienced a rise.
Since the magazine began to publish satirical and openly liberal works, the publication could have become a victim of the “Nicholas reaction”, but by some miracle it managed to survive this period even after the death of Nicholas I in 1856 the magazine became the main organ of the far left.
Thanks to the magazine, the stars of talented writers rose in the person of Turgenev, Herzen, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Dostoevsky and even Leo Tolstoy.
In 1866, the magazine was banned due to an assassination attempt on the emperor.
"Domestic Notes"
Back in the 40s of the 19th century, Nekrasov collaborated with this magazine, and two years after the closure of Sovremennik, he acquired Otechestvennye Zapiski. Nekrasov’s main ally at this stage was the famous satirist Saltykov-Shchedrin, who was also distinguished by his talent for sharply criticizing the state of affairs in the empire.
In the radical magazine, Nekrasov proved himself to be a real genius and a talented editor, collecting in it the works of the most talented writers who wrote works on topical topics.
At the same time, Nekrasov wrote the most important poems in his life:
- “Who lives well in Rus'”;
- "Russian women";
- "Grandfather";
- "Contemporaries".
Nekrasov preferred to write in a language understandable to the people, using common speech. The main themes of the works were the suffering of the Russian people, their grief and the incomprehensibly difficult life of the Russian peasantry.
Death
On December 27, 1877, Nekrasov died due to intestinal cancer that was rapidly overcoming him. A huge number of people came to honor his memory at the funeral, and when someone called him “third after Pushkin and Lermontov”, there were shouts of “Better than Pushkin!”
Nekrasov lived relatively long life and demonstrated devotion to the interests of the ordinary Russian people instead of serving the tsarist officials.
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