Swing technique NLP description. Neurolinguistic programming (NLP): description of the methodology, application, criticism. Image of the desired state

NLP (neurolinguistic programming) – a popular area of ​​practical psychology and psychotherapy, which has spread widely in various areas of life. A person who knows NLP influences the subconscious of his listeners or his own subconscious with the help of specially selected phrases - linguistic constructions. NLP has become one of the most popular psychological practices with the help of which a person can change his psyche and influence other people in order to model their behavior.

The influence of NLP on the subconscious occurs through soft Ericksonian hypnosis. It is very different from the classical technique, which completely turns off consciousness. A person proficient in NLP can put his interlocutor into a light trance by adjusting the breathing frequency, eye contact, metaphors and figurative phrases that correspond to the mental characteristics of a person. The trance state helps to shift attention to the inner “I” and facilitates the flow of information into the subconscious. The interlocutor’s consciousness does not turn off. But the speaker gets the opportunity to bypass his “filters,” which allows him to inspire sympathy and inspire trust.

Scope of application of NLP

In recent decades, NLP has been widely used in psychotherapy and Everyday life.

• NLP in psychotherapy and psychological counseling. Elements of NLP are used to treat: psychological trauma, phobias, depression, psychosomatic disorders, eliminating bad habits. It is used in family counseling and sports psychology. In psychological training to increase stress resistance and other personal qualities.
• NLP in everyday life widely used by training companies and coaches when conducting trainings and seminars on personal growth, increasing the efficiency of personnel of commercial companies, specialists working in the field of sales and advertising. Pickup or the modern art of seduction was also based on the principles of NLP.

Basic concept in NLP is “subjective experience” - knowledge of the surrounding world through the organs of perception. It has three interrelated components: perceptions, ideas, and beliefs. Experience determines a person’s feelings, his way of thinking, and therefore his behavior. Based personal experience, everyone builds their own picture of the world, their own reality. By observing behavior, one can understand the subjective experience and gain the key to behavior change. Therefore, in NLP the approach to each person should be purely individual. The use of standard schemes and template approaches causes rejection and hostility towards the user of the technique.

The history of NLP

The technique was developed in the 60-70s at the University of California. Three specialists were involved in its creation: psychologist Richard Bandler, linguist John Grinder, and cyberneticist and anthropologist Gregory Bateson. They analyzed the work of three famous and very successful psychotherapists working in different directions: F. Perls, V. Satir and M. Erickson (the founder of Ericksonian hypnosis). After studying their methods of working with the conscious and unconscious, the researchers compiled algorithms that later became the basis of NLP.

How NLP was created

The authors of NLP, and later their followers, found successful psychotherapists and people who successfully dealt with psychological problems, and adopted their secrets. They analyzed the information received, decomposed it into components, and then created step-by-step instructions for solving this problem.

How Neuro Linguistic Programming Works

NLP gives practical advice and clear instructions, using which you can understand the motives of a person’s actions and convey your point of view to him, make him your supporter, arouse sympathy and change his command, and get rid of psychological problems.

Effectiveness of NLP depends from a number of factors:

• Uncritical perception of the basics of NLP. Doubting people who are critical of presuppositions and demand scientific evidence of controversial statements will not be able to effectively influence their interlocutor. To convince your opponent you need to believe in what you do and say.
• Individual approach to each person. There are no perfect NLP techniques that are suitable for all people and work in all situations. In each case, you need to analyze, be flexible and choose what is most suitable.
• Correct selection of NLP techniques and their proper combination. Even when working with one person, several techniques are required. Some of them may turn out to be ineffective, others stop working over time, so you need to be fluent in many techniques.
• Strict adherence to all details of the methodology. All the nuances of technology are very important. For example, if it is stated that during psychotherapy using NLP the patient must be in a trance state, then this rule cannot be neglected. Otherwise, the suggestion will not work.
• Mastery and communication skills. People who know the basics of psychology, are used to communicating and do it at ease - psychologists, psychotherapists, teachers, coaches - can quickly master NLP. Those who do not have such skills will have to practice a lot.

Basic principles of NLP - presuppositions

Basic principles of NLP(they are also called presuppositions) are statements and postulates that are the theoretical basis of the technique. People who practice NLP accept presuppositions as axioms that do not require proof. These statements are designed to change a person's perspective on a situation to make it easier to solve problems.

1. The map is not the territory. Just as a map of a locality is not the territory it describes, so our vision of reality does not coincide with the “objective reality” that actually exists. Our vision depends on past experience, upbringing, mood, attitudes and principles. Therefore, the same situation is perceived differently by different people. NLP teaches us to understand that the real world is wider than the map that our experience has drawn. Each person has his own vision, and this must be taken into account. Nobody's map is genuine and correct, but the one that gives more opportunities to solve problems is better. Other people's pictures of the world can help you see a problem from a new perspective and find an unexpected solution. Understanding how a person sees reality helps to build an effective model of communication with him.
2. The body and “consciousness” are a single system. Well-being depends on a person’s thoughts, and at the same time, well-being significantly influences the course of thoughts. Changes in consciousness and emotions affect bodily sensations, as they can relieve or increase muscle tone, improve or worsen blood circulation and innervation. For example, when remembering a vacation, a person experiences peace. Without noticing it, it relaxes the muscles, which helps relieve muscle spasms, improve blood circulation and relieve pain.
3. At the core of any behavior is a positive intention that is associated with the original environment. A person always “wants the best,” that is, he is driven by a positive intention. But the actions that he takes to achieve his goal are not always approved by society. For example, in order to provide for the family, one will steal, and the other will work. The choice of action (behavior) depends on the situation in which the decision was made, upbringing, character, and moral standards. It happens that reality changes, and the model of behavior that was previously acceptable no longer works. In this case, it is necessary to understand what intention became the basis of this behavior, and then change the behavior to a positive one. For example, enuresis is based on the child’s subconscious intention to attract the attention of his parents. Therefore, in order to get rid of unwanted behavior, you need to help the child achieve the goal in a different way, offering a healthy alternative - communicate kindly with him, spend more time together.
4. All life experiences are stored in the nervous system. Everything that has ever happened to a person is recorded in his nervous system and remains in memory, although sometimes accessing these memories can be difficult. In NLP, the past is not always seen as the root of problems. Past experience is a source of resources that help find solutions in difficult situations. Examples of successful behavior can also be found in the experiences of other people and fictional characters.
5. Subjective experience is divided into sights, sounds, smells, sensations and taste. In NLP, there are five channels of information perception - visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory and kinesthetic (body receptors and facial expressions). One of the senses is the leading one, through which a person receives basic information. Based on information, he builds his judgments and intentions, which influence behavior. Knowing a person’s modality, that is, which analyzer is his leading one, someone who knows NLP can more effectively convey the necessary information to him. Thus, it influences the behavior of the interlocutor. For example: in order to reach the subconscious of a person whose leading kinesthetic channel is, and convince him to go with you, you can construct a phrase like this: “Feel how the hot sand burns your skin, how the sea water refreshes.”
6. There are no defeats, but only feedback. What people are accustomed to consider defeat or failure is actually new experience and useful information that makes a person better and brings him closer to success. For example, after an interview a person was not hired. The situation can be seen as a learning experience. After analyzing the mistakes, you can draw conclusions: how to behave next time, what skills and abilities are required for the interview to be successful.
7. The meaning of communication is the reaction it evokes. When a person speaks, he has a specific intention: to convey or receive information, an emotional reaction, to motivate the interlocutor to action. It also happens that words cause a reaction opposite to that which the speaker was counting on. In response to a neutral phrase or praise, the interlocutor may be offended. This means that the action (statement) did not correspond to your intention. NLP offers a way out that will help you get the desired reaction from your opponent - change the action, choose a different tone, phrases, situation. That is, if it is clear from a person’s reaction that your arguments do not convince him, then you should change tactics. For example, don’t tell, but ask questions.
8. Behavior – choosing the best option from what is currently available. A person in any situation chooses the best and most effective from what is available. Usually this choice is reinforced, and he behaves in a similar way in similar situations, even if the technique has lost its effectiveness. For example, a person may repeatedly respond to constructive criticism by yelling if it worked once. The greater his capabilities (mental, financial, physical), the richer the choice of behavioral strategies. The NLP technique is aimed at developing behavioral flexibility and new non-standard patterns of behavior in various situations. This increases the ability to adapt to constantly changing conditions, and thereby become more successful. Within the framework of psychotherapy, this presupposition helps us learn not to regret what we did in the past - after all, it was the best decision in that situation, and we were guided exclusively by positive intentions.
9. Everyone has all the resources they need. Resources in NLP mean knowledge, skills, beliefs, abilities, time, finances, things and people. This is all that allows you to expand the choice of solutions to the problem. For example, the task is to make repairs. If you have enough resources, then you can choose one of three options: 1) you can do it yourself, spending time and effort; 2) you can attract friends; 3) you can pay hired workers. If there are not enough resources (no time, no money), then the number of options is reduced. The more resources, the wider the choice and the easier it is to cope with the problem. The presupposition states that everyone has the necessary resources. At first glance, it is difficult to agree with this statement. But NLP supporters argue that a person just needs to start acting as if he has resources, and they will actually appear.
10. 
    The universe is favorable to us and abundant in resources. The world filled with resources. In the process of evolution, humanity learned to use them, which put man at the top of the pyramid. If people only avoided danger instead of trying to achieve more, this would not have happened. This presupposition tells us that we should trust in the good intentions of other people and boldly use all available resources. In this case, the universe will become even more friendly and generous.

These presuppositions are quite general and difficult to prove using scientific experiments. Therefore, NLP supporters suggest simply taking them on faith, or acting as if you are confident in the correctness of these theses. After a change in behavior, both the feeling of the world and the train of thoughts begin to change. Thus, NLP suggests taking conscious actions in order to influence the deep structures of the psyche to obtain subconscious results.

A large number of NLP models, techniques and techniques have been created based on presuppositions. Each author and trainer adds something different. This article will discuss the most popular techniques.

Application of NLP

Training on how to apply NLP in practice is carried out at seminars and trainings, but you can learn this on your own with enough time and persistence. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with NLP models, techniques and techniques, take online trainings and apply the acquired knowledge in practice.

NLP Models

NLP models are different ways of perceiving situations. Models are ways of thinking, using which you can find original and effective approaches to people.

NLP model: LANGUAGE FOCUSES

The “Tricks of Language” model allows you to change your opponent’s beliefs and work with his objections. Thus, it provides an advantage in debate to those who apply NLP in everyday life. Knowledge of its techniques makes it possible to improve your public activities, which is important for those working in the field of training, sales, and politics. And these techniques allow psychologists and psychotherapists to change the client’s position on this issue, change his worldview to a more positive and healthy one.

Essentially, “Language Tricks” is a set of speech patterns that help quickly convince your interlocutor. With their help, you can make your opponent doubt the correctness of his judgments by shifting the focus of attention to new aspects of the problem being discussed.

There are fourteen focuses of the tongue. They are used depending on the situation and type nervous system interlocutor.

• Focus of the tongue - intention

The essence of the method is to intuitively determine the goal that motivates a person, which is hidden behind his statement. The person is then asked to perform an action for this purpose.

– I appreciate your rationality and responsibility, which is why I think that you will cope with this task better than others.

• Focus of language - redefinition

The essence of the method is to replace one of the words in the interlocutor’s statement with one that is close in meaning, but has a different context.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– You cannot say: “I don’t want to do this” while at work.

Or more positive:

- Indeed, it is not your duty. But could you help me?

• Tongue Focus – Consequences

The essence of the method is to outline to the interlocutor the consequences of his choice. They can be both positive and negative, depending on the manner in which the conversation is structured.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– I would like to remind you that the distribution of bonuses to the best employees of the year is currently being considered. Your decision may affect this issue.

• The focus of the tongue is separation

The essence of the method is to analyze in detail each element of the opponent’s statement.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– What exactly is what I ask that is not spelled out in your responsibilities? Let's take it point by point.

• The focus of language is unification

The essence of the method is to generalize part of the belief. This makes it possible to change the relationships between parts of the utterance.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

“We’re all going above and beyond the call of duty here.” Otherwise the work would stop.

• Focus of language - analogy

The essence of the method is to choose an analogy that gives a different meaning to the interlocutor’s statement. It’s good if it’s an anecdote, a parable, a proverb. But any metaphor that is associated with a given situation will do.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– And Noah was a winemaker. It was also not his responsibility to save the world from the flood.

• Tongue Focus – Changing Frame Size

The essence of the method is to look at the situation from the point of view of the past or future.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– If you were told that you would have to perform these functions when you got a job at our company? Would you still be interested in employment?

• Tongue Focus – Different Result

The essence of the method is to show that a given action can have a more significant result than what the opponent claims.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– This may not be stated in your job description, but it can increase our profits by an order of magnitude and attract more clients.

• The focus of language is a model of the world

The essence of the method is to reassess the situation from a different point of view, to use a different model of the world. It is advisable to do this from the position of a person who is significant and authoritative for the opponent.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

“If Harrison Ford hadn’t gone beyond his duties, everyone would still be driving steam engines.”

• Focus of language - strategy of reality

The essence of the method is to appeal to real facts, which are comprehended through logic and analytical thinking. At the same time, speculation, intuitive conclusions and emotions of the opponent are swept aside.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– Let’s leave the emotions and talk on the merits. In fact, this is your responsibility. This is stated in paragraph no.

• Tongue focus is the opposite example.

The essence of the method is to find an exception to the rules and give it as an example. This makes the interlocutor's belief less powerful.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– It’s not my responsibility to train employees either, but that’s what I’m doing now. In addition, many in our team have additional workload.

• Focus of language - hierarchy of criteria

The essence of the method is to re-evaluate the interlocutor’s statement in terms of a more important criterion.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

“We are here to help people.” It's more important than following job descriptions.

• Tongue trick - apply to yourself

The essence of the method is whether the interlocutor applies to himself the rule that he is currently guided by.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– Then you should not ask for such exceptions as a flexible schedule or the possibility of remote work.

• Focus of language - meta frame

The essence of the method is that time is changing, what was previously correct has lost its relevance.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– This could have been the case before the crisis. Now you need to fight with all your might for the client and for your workplace.

NLP model: ANCHORS

In NLP, the term “anchor” means stimulus causing a reaction or conditioned reflex. In turn, the stimulus for creating an anchor can be any word, object, person or anything else (gesture, posture, melody, smell) that triggers an emotion or state. If the anchor is installed on purpose, then something unusual is used as a stimulus, but which can be exactly repeated at the right moment: an unusual gesture, a new keychain.

Setting an NLP anchor has the same principle as the formation of a conditioned reflex. For example, while on vacation you started using a new eau de toilette. After this, holiday impressions are associated with this aroma. After some time, using this eau de toilette will, without meaning to, bring back memories of your vacation. So the aroma became an anchor that triggered pleasant emotions.

Depending on what experience the anchor causes, it can be positive or negative.

• Positive anchor evokes pleasant emotions and resource states useful for solving problems. It helps to induce this state at the right time. For example, performance at work, energy at the end of the day, etc.
• Negative anchor causes negatively colored experiences that complicate activities. It can be used to treat bad habits (overeating, smoking).

With anchors you can make various actions:

• Anchor overlay- an action as a result of which one stimulus causes two different states. So, to increase efficiency, a work tool (for example, a tablet) can be made an anchor that triggers vigor and interest.
• Collapse of anchors is a state when anchors denoting opposing emotions and states (for example, fear and calmness) neutralize each other. As a result, both reflexes associated with them no longer work, and the stimulus itself does not cause any emotions.
• Reanchoring- replacement of the state that was previously caused by the anchor with another. For example, if a school backpack caused anxiety in a child associated with possible troubles at school, then after re-anchoring it will arouse interest or confidence in his abilities.
• Anchor integration– the combination of several positive or several negative states on one anchor. For example, after integrating anchors, a cigarette can become an anchor for disgust, nausea, and hostility, which will help a person cope with a bad habit.

The anchor model in NLP is one of the most popular. More details about installing an anchor and using this model in practice are described in the “Anchoring Resource States” technique.

NLP Model: ASSOCIATION – DISSOCIATION

Let’s imagine a situation: someone insulted you on the street. IN in this case There are two possible ways of perceiving the situation.

• Association– You see the situation with your own eyes and are a direct participant in it. You look at the flushed face of your opponent, hear his voice, feel how you are filled with anger and resentment, how the blood rushes to your face and beats in your temples. With association, you perceive what is happening with all your senses. Because of this, many emotions arise that can either help in resolving the situation or harm.
• Dissociation- this is a way of perception when you see yourself in this situation from the outside. You look at yourself, in conflict, and at your opponent. You see and hear everything that is happening, but at the same time you do not feel emotions that would prevent you from making a rational decision. You can look at yourself from above, over your shoulder, or from the side.

What is the association-dissociation model used for? Association is needed when you want to evoke the emotions that you experienced in that situation. When talking with a loved one, on vacation, during sex, in a moment of triumph. These states are used to set the anchor.

Dissociation helps you look at the situation without unnecessary emotions. This can help at a time when you need to control yourself, for example during a quarrel with your superiors. A detached view from the outside helps reduce anxiety. For example, when you suffer from insomnia because you worry about events that may (or may not) happen in the future. The dissociation method is also used in the fight against phobias and psychological trauma.

NLP Model: METAPROGRAMS

Metaprograms are filters that determine what information enters consciousness and what a person’s attention is focused on. By determining a person’s meta-program, you can predict his behavior, achieve understanding, effectively motivate him, and determine the position where he will be most useful.

It must be taken into account that meta-programs are not a stable phenomenon. The same person can manifest different meta-programs in different situations. For example, at work he relies only on his own opinion, but in family matters he listens to the opinion of his wife. The severity of the meta-program also depends on the state of health and other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to select individual approach to the same person every time we meet.

Types of metaprograms:

At the moment there are more than 50 meta-programs. We will briefly describe the most common of them.

1. Meta-program “motivation OT-K”

The OT-K motivation meta-program divides people into two groups.

• Motivation K(in 30% of people). People who are characterized by K motivation are focused on success. They are leaders by nature. They are interested in what they can achieve, what they can acquire. For example, a person will be more interested in how to move up the career ladder. At the same time, the question: “how to avoid the anger of his superiors and the hostility of his colleagues” does not concern him.
• Motivation OT(60%) is typical for people who avoid failures and negativity. They tend to set small goals that can be achieved quickly. They value stability. They do not like risk and changes that could lead to changes for the worse. They tend to get rid of problems and shortcomings. For example, they would rather buy a hypoallergenic shampoo that promises to get rid of dandruff and hair loss than a shampoo for beautiful lush and thick hair.

1. Meta-program “WAY OF THINKING”

The meta-program “way of thinking” describes the way information is processed. People are divided into 3 groups, based on whether the person prefers to enlarge, disaggregate, or look for analogies

• Generalization. These people tend to highlight common essential properties of objects and phenomena. Based on observations of small and individual cases, they draw conclusions about the entire category. For example, such a woman will claim that all men are polygamous, based on one betrayal.
• Disaggregation. Humans are characterized by deductive thinking. From knowledge about the general, with the help of inferences, they draw conclusions about the particular. For example, parrots can talk, so any budgie can be taught to talk.
• Analogies. People with this way of thinking draw conclusions based on the similarity of equivalents: if Masha is 10 years old, then her classmates are also 10 years old.

1. Meta-program “MOTIVES”

Conventionally, people can be divided into 4 categories, according to the motives that drive them.

• Power. These people are driven to action by power, the ability to influence the emotions and actions of others. They place their prestige, importance and respect from others above all else. They are good managers and natural leaders.
• Involvement. Team players. They are always in the mood for communication, love to make new acquaintances, and maintain old connections. These people are always the center of attention and need recognition and communication. They work well in a group, are able to perform monotonous work for a long time, and do not strive to occupy responsible positions.
• Achievement. People of this type prefer complex tasks, research, new projects that no one has tackled before. They do not need associates and assistants, preferring to work alone. Constantly strive for improvement and development. Must become better than others and better than themselves in the past.
• Avoidance. These people value safety above all. They try to avoid all possible risks and often feel helpless. Their fear program is launched for the most insignificant reasons. They are efficient, but are afraid to take the initiative. They do not express their opinions, trying not to provoke a conflict.

1. Meta-program “REFERENCE”

The “Reference” meta-program helps to divide people into two groups, taking into account which values ​​are leading in decision-making: internal or external.

1. Meta-program “PREFERRED MODALITY”

The “Preferred Modality” meta-program describes through which channel a person prefers to receive information about outside world. The leading channel can be: vision, hearing, feelings (tactile sensations, taste and smell) or internal dialogue. Knowing the preferred modality of the interlocutor makes it possible to adapt to his way of thinking, which gives advantages when communicating with him.

Modality	Visuals	Audials	Kinesthetics	Digitals
Population size
Leading channel			Bodily sensations, smell, taste, movement	Meaning, functionality
Predicates – keywords	Sit, watch, bright, colorful, colorful	Listen, loud, rhythmic, sounds	Feel, touch, warm, tender	Rational, efficient
Character traits	When communicating, they consider the interlocutor. Appearance is more important than functionality. To remember and perceive, they need: diagrams, graphs, images.	Very sociable. They love to talk and listen. They often have a pleasant, expressive voice and a good ear for music. To memorize, say it out loud or to yourself.	When communicating, they tend to touch the interlocutor - shake hands, adjust clothes. Not too talkative. They value convenience and comfort. They are constantly in action, rarely sit still, and twirl something in their hands. Impulsive. They don't like to plan.	They prefer to reason, highlight what’s important, analyze the situation, and adopt other people’s experiences. Thinking critically, they believe only solid evidence. Outwardly calm, they try to avoid strong emotions, which are very painful for them.
What does he value?	View, see, image, layout, draw	Touch, feel, contact	Hear about all sides of the issue, discuss the topic	Evidence, certificates, certificates

The impact on a person using this NLP meta-program can be divided into 3 stages:

1. Human analysis. Definition of its representative system. Which channel is his leading one: hearing, vision, feelings.
2. Adjustment to the subject's representative system. For example, we say to the visual – “I see that you are right”, to the auditory – “Everything you say is correct”, to the kinesthetic – “I feel that you are right”, and to the digital – “You are right on all counts.”
3. Influencing the subject using various techniques. After adjustment, choose a technique appropriate to the situation.

All meta-programs are inherent to each person to varying degrees. For example, your interlocutor exhibits 70% OT motivation, 80% internal reference, and 90% visual. But in other cases, he may show “to” motivation or kinesthetic properties. Therefore, when communicating, you need to carefully monitor the response your words evoke.

NLP techniques

NLP techniques are step by step instructions, which allow you to solve a problem without delving into the causes of its occurrence. Let's look at the most productive NLP techniques.

SWAP technique

The “Swing” technique is one of the most popular techniques that operate at the subconscious level. It helps to get rid of bad habits: smoking, alcoholism, overeating, nail biting.

Step one

1. Clarifying Intentions: Why do you need this? What do you get from it? - I smoke to calm down and have fun.
2. Identifying Secondary Benefits: What other benefits do you get? What do you use it for? – Smoking helps you communicate with colleagues and pass the time at work.
3. Benefits from the new state: Why do you want to get rid of this habit? What benefits will you get if you quit smoking? – Health, self-esteem.
4. Ecology check: is it possible Negative consequences after quitting this habit? What are the consequences of refusing it? Is it possible to somehow reduce the negative consequences?

Step two

Drawing up representations. Depending on the person’s modality (what dominates – vision, hearing, sensations, etc.) two pictures are compiled. One symbolizes the image or feeling that occurs when an unwanted program is launched. The second is the image of a person free from a bad habit.

Let's consider an example, an attempt to get rid of nicotine addiction in a person with a leading visual analyzer.

1. The first picture is a hand raising a lit cigarette to its mouth.
2. The second picture is a photo of a happy and successful person who managed to quit smoking.

Step three

1. Picture 1. It is necessary to present the picture of “a hand with a cigarette” in close-up, making it as clear, colorful, and contrasting as possible.
2. Picture 2. In the dark corner of the first picture you need to place a second one - small and dim.
3. Performing a "swing". The pictures instantly change places. The picture with the cigarette becomes black and white, dim and small. The picture with the ideal image unfolds, filled with colors and details. The action happens in a split second.
4. Black screen. Once the perfect picture has been detailed, you need to “clear the screen.” Both images disappear, leaving a black background.
5. Repeat changing pictures 12-15 times. Repeat the exercise daily until the craving for smoking completely disappears.

Technique “ANCHORING RESOURCE STATES”

Using the “anchoring resource states” technique, you can evoke a state or emotion at the right moment. This makes it possible to manage feelings in any situation.

Step one

1. Clarifying the goal: In what situation is an additional resource needed? - at work, when communicating with the opposite sex.
2. Determining the Required Resource: What do you need in this situation to cope with it successfully? For example, calmness during an exam, courage during public speaking, inspiration during creative work.
3. Ecology check: If you had this resource, would you use it? Would your behavior make the situation worse?

Step two

1. Remember the situation, when you had the necessary resource: when you felt confident, calm, joyful. If you haven’t had such a positive experience, you can come up with a story in which you showed the right quality.
2. Come up with an anchor. This may not be a gesture you are used to. For example, clasp the wrist of your right hand with the thumb and index finger of your left hand, or clasp your hands in a lock, straightening and connecting your index fingers.
3. Anchoring. Recreate the selected situation in your imagination down to the smallest detail: who was present, what they said, smells, atmosphere. Remember the resourceful feeling that you would like to experience. When positive experiences reach their highest point, then at that moment it is necessary to attach an anchor. After anchoring, it is necessary to interrupt the reproduction of the situation.
4. Securing the anchor. The chain: “reproduction of the situation – peak of the resource state – anchor – interruption of the situation” is repeated 7-10 times. This number of repetitions is usually enough for the conditioned reflex to become established.

Step three

1. Anchor check. Go about your daily activities. After a while, perform an action that serves as an anchor. Following this, a resourceful state (calmness, confidence) should involuntarily arise. If it does not occur, then anchoring is repeated another 5-7 times.
2. Replaying a problem situation. In your imagination, simulate a situation in which you previously lacked confidence. For example, you are at a table where exam papers are laid out, and a teacher is sitting opposite. You are filled with excitement and anxiety. Use the anchor to bring about the desired state.
3. Strengthening the conditioned reflex. Use the anchor in practice as often as possible to reinforce the skill.
4. Technique “QUICK TREATMENT OF PHOBIAS” or “CINEMA”

Using this technique, you can get rid of not only obsessive fears and phobias, but also any strong emotions: hatred, anger, envy.

Description: Alexander Lyubimov

Step by step description

2. Image of the desired state

Create an image of the desired state.

Criteria "-I-image": 1. reflects a person’s abilities and qualities, not behavior; 2. has the ability to create new behavior options (flexibility); Invite the Client to imagine himself in 3-4 situations in the future in which the problem behavior would have previously arisen. If the old behavior is still present during the test, go back and do the swing technique again. Maybe you're missing something, or there's something else you can do to make this process work. Presentation Notes General The nuances of the technique are described in some detail in the books “Change Your Thinking and Benefit from the Results” by Steve and Connirae Andreas (marked in blue in the text) and “Use your Brain to Change” by Richard Bandler (marked in green in the text). “Waving” is a universal technique, and it is quite effective not only for working with obsessions, but also for working with any behavior such as “I regularly do what I don’t want to do.” For example, irritation about someone else's tardiness, getting up for a long time in the morning, postponing important things for later, and the like. If you are working with obsession, you can first do the Obsession Explosion pattern. “The Swing” is not magic - if the client is not motivated enough, he will find a way to return to the old behavior. I had a young man who wanted to quit smoking. After “The Swing,” he simply could not raise his hand with a cigarette. As he described it: “It’s like holding a pound weight in your hand.” But a week later he started smoking again (albeit much less) - he was wondering if he could cope with this weight. I did it. The swing technique gives the brain direction. Human beings tend to avoid the unpleasant and strive for the pleasant. First we have a large, bright image of a signal for behavior that he does not like. As this picture fades and shrinks, the unpleasant decreases. Becoming larger and brighter, the pleasant image attracts him to itself. This literally sets the direction of movement for his brain: “from here, go there.” When you give direction to your thinking, your behavior has a very strong tendency to move in the same direction. This is why this model is so fruitful. Instead of setting a specific behavior, you create a direction. To set this direction, you use a very powerful motivator - what is often called "self-image." The process of flapping does not lead to an end point - it pushes in a certain direction. If you saw yourself doing something specific, you will program only this one new choice. If you see yourself as a person with different qualities, the new person will be able to generate many new specific opportunities. Once you set the direction, the person will begin to generate the specific behavior faster than you might expect. The swing technique is more powerful than any other technique I have used. We recently had a woman sitting in the front row of a seminar, sighing and moaning about the fact that she had been trying to quit smoking for eleven years. I changed it in less than eleven minutes. I even chose what to put in the picture in the little dark corner; I am not what is called a “non-directive clinician.” I told her to see an image of herself politely enjoying other people smoking. I had no intention of creating another evangelist convert. I didn't want her to see herself mocking smokers and making their lives a nightmare. When you start using your brain to make it do what you don't want it to do, you have to carefully determine the direction you want it to go in, and you have to do this in advance. Frustration is not the only thing that requires adequate planning. Everything else is also required. Without adequate planning, you develop compulsions to do things you don't want to do: bring up old memories and feel bad about them; do things that destroy your body; yell at people you love; act like a chicken when you are angry. All this can be changed, but not when you are inside the situation. You can reprogram yourself later, or you can reprogram yourself in advance. Brains are not designed to produce results; they learn to stick to directions. If you know how the brain works, you can determine your own directions. If you don’t know, someone else will do it. Key image The presence of a key image is critical for using the technique: it can be either an internal “trigger” stimulus or an external one, which is necessarily present in the situation. This could be the sound of an alarm clock on your smartphone (external) or the image of a plate of food (internal). If you can’t find the key, it’s better to choose another technique. The foreign key is selected as an event that is necessarily present in the situation between the moment the strategy is launched and the undesirable behavior. The closer to the beginning of the unwanted behavior, the better. For example, this could be the image of a hand holding a cigarette or a fork with a cutlet. Select a key image that will always appear immediately before the problem behavior occurs. If you take a swing and find that the problem behavior has decreased significantly but has not completely disappeared, then you can explore the possibility that there is an additional stimulus that still involves the problem behavior. For example, one of our students did a swing with a smoker who instantly cut down from smoking a pack to about five a day. He no longer carried his own cigarettes, but occasionally asked friends for one. The key image he used was his hand pulling a cigarette "out of the pack" - and the flick worked perfectly whenever this stimulus occurred. However, the image of receiving a cigarette “from someone else’s hand” did not trigger the swing. His brain did not automatically generalize from one situation to another. Some people would automatically make this generalization, but you can't rely on it. When the key image was re-described as "the image of a cigarette in your hand" and the client used the wave again, smoking stopped completely. If many different external stimuli all involve some internal state, and this in turn triggers an undesirable response, then it is often much simpler and more economical to use a reliable internal image as a stimulus. Richard Bandler once used as a key image a client's internal picture - the sharply approaching image of a wounded friend, rather than the external stimulus - looking at the clock and discovering that the friend is half an hour late. Since this internal image was always present just before the client went into panic, it was a reliable key stimulus for the swing. If the key image refers to external stimuli in the real world, such as the image of your hand holding a cigarette, it should always be associated so that it is as similar as possible to what you will actually encounter in the real world. This ensures that a real-world stimulus will trigger a flapping mechanism based on an internal image of that same stimulus. If the stimulus is an internal image that consistently triggers an undesirable behavioral response, it must be exactly the same as the person experiences it when it produces the undesirable response. Desired self-image For the desired self-image to become motivating, it must be dissociated. When this image is dissociated, you are drawn towards it. By being associated with it, you are already inside it, so it is not motivating. In the process of developing a desired self-image, it is sometimes useful to temporarily associate with it in order to feel what it would be like to be that person. This is especially true if the client says something like: “I can see this me with more choices, but I have no idea what it would be like; I don’t know if I’ll like it or not.” Temporary association with this image can provide information about how good it would be; then, when you swing towards the dissociated image, it will be more motivating. Self-image is an image of qualities, not specific behaviors. You see yourself with abilities and possibilities, rather than with specific alternative behaviors to be performed. Make sure the image is balanced. Sometimes a person's desired self-image is too extreme at first. If it is too strong, for example, you may need to adjust it by adding a little softness, humility or empathy to make it completely acceptable to all parts of the personality. There are several elements to the swing that tend to make it eco-friendly. The fact that you use your desired self-image with qualities rather than specific solutions means that the change has a greater chance of being green. Because any given decision is much more likely to involve ecological problems, “the you for whom this is no longer a problem” - provides environmental protection. If a client asks for a specific solution, keep in mind that this is his conscious mind speaking, and that perhaps this solution has not yet been implemented in him because it is somehow unsatisfactory, and some other part of the client knows this. By programming in terms of qualities, you provide much more flexibility in how to achieve the desired result. You are looking at someone who could produce many different specific behaviors in response to the demands of the situation. Like the driving image of the future, the self-image must satisfy a person's criteria for what to respond to as real or possible. Even if you like the image, you won't react much to it if you think of it as unreal or implausible. In this case, you need to know which submodalities make it unrealistic and make refinements until it becomes at least a plausible possibility. Replacing images It's best to "wave" in a visual system. A little more difficult in the auditory one. Difficulties arise for “waving” in kinesthetics - it is too slow, and “Waving” requires a quick change of images. “Waving” costs a maximum of 5-6 times. No more is needed - there will be no additional effect. Five repetitions is usually enough to introduce the swing. Sometimes it only takes once or twice. If you do it quickly ten times and it doesn't work, further repetition is unlikely to help; You'll probably need to make some other adjustments to make it work. When "waving" key element- speed of image replacement. You can hold a key image or self-image in your attention for a relatively long time, but the change of images should be as fast as possible. Make sure that the actual change of images occurs as quickly as possible. You can practice the initial conditions as much as you want, and after the swing spend time admiring the Self-image, but the transition from one to the other should only take a second or less. Sometimes it's easiest to have the client perform the swing slowly, making sure the client knows exactly what to do. Then you can encourage him by saying, “Great, now do it faster,” “Even faster,” etc., until you see him doing it very quickly. If he objects that he can't consciously do it faster, you can say, “Great; your brain already knows what to do now. You can simply start over, and your unconscious mind can perform the swing itself more fully and thoroughly than you could do it consciously. We still want it to become unconscious as quickly as possible.” Of course, you need to observe the client carefully to make sure that his nonverbal behavior indicates that he is actually doing what you asked. You can even tell someone to pretend to swing faster - as long as you use a non-verbal feedback to confirm that he is actually performing the process. Another way to be thorough is to “swipe” all systems to begin with. But it is usually much more economical to do this only in the visual system, and then carefully check to see what else needs to be added. Often nothing needs to be added. Either the person no longer needs it, or he will add everything himself without realizing it. If it didn't work out Repeat the process of changing images increasing the speed. Add other modalities. Check the secondary benefits - whether you have identified all of them and included them in the Self-image. Check that you have taken into account all the contexts.

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At one time I became interested in NLP - neurolinguistic programming. Some people perceive NLP as something of a zombie. However, this is absolutely not true. I will try to talk about these techniques very much in simple language. And for those who like to thoroughly understand, I recommend the books of psychotherapist Sergei Kovalev.

Magic wand - still from the movie "Sorcerers"

So, our brain, or rather the unconscious, does not understand words. But it operates with symbols and images. And for our consciousness it is absolutely not important whether something is actually happening or is fictitious. In other words, for him, sleep is as real as wakefulness. Why not take advantage of this?

In a clever book written by a plastic surgeon who later became a psychotherapist, I read about an interesting experiment. Its essence was that one group of volunteers practiced throwing a ball in reality, another group mentally, and the third did not practice at all. Then they compared the results and it turned out that those who trained mentally showed results only slightly inferior to those who trained in reality. But those who didn’t train at all didn’t show any results. I think this example will be enough.

Well, now let's move on to NLP techniques. Remember Pavlov's famous dog? The same one thanks to which the famous physiologist formulated the doctrine of conditioned reflexes?

Anecdote on the topic:

They caught a dog on the street and put it in a cage. She asks her neighbor:
- Hey, friend, where did I end up?
– This is the laboratory of Academician Pavlov. Here conditioned reflexes are studied.
- How’s that?
- And you see there - a light bulb and a bell, and under them a man is sleeping on a chair? At 16:00 the bell will ring, the light will come on, the man’s conditioned reflex will work, and he will bring us food...

We can form a conditioned reflex in ourselves, like Pavlov’s dog.

1. Create an anchor

We all have moments in our lives when we feel absolutely happy, at the height of bliss. It seems to us that we can do everything, everything is available to us. And, indeed, everything works out - as they say, “everything goes like clockwork.” So why don’t we remember this state and return mentally to it?

Let’s remember our wonderful state (it’s called “resource”), imagine our whole range of feelings, very vividly (this is a must!). We rise even higher, even higher - and when our emotions reach almost maximum, we set the so-called “anchor”. For example, we snap our fingers, or slightly pinch our earlobe—any gesture. But only one that you can use in almost any situation. Happened?

We repeat the exercise several times. Your goal is to form a conditioned reflex. When it is formed, with the help of your anchor you will experience the whole gamut of positive feelings and emotions. Now, when you are very worried, or when you feel bad or sad, you can quickly improve your psychological state.

You can also use an object as an anchor. Only then will you have to constantly carry it with you and never forget or lose it.

2. Create a new image of yourself - the swing technique

Another very effective technique is the “swing” technique. Its essence is that you very quickly replace a negative image with a positive one.

For example, let’s take the current image of yourself, which you are not very happy with. We create a corresponding picture in our mind. Please note that the picture needs to be made dim and muted. Then we create the desired image of ourselves. It will be good if you add to it the colors and emotions that you evoked when practicing anchoring. Your new image should be bright, shiny, light. Happened? Feel it, experience the whole gamut of feelings, enjoy it to the fullest.

Now you need to quickly superimpose the new image onto the old one. This can be done in several ways. It is usually recommended to imagine that there is a screen with your old image at eye level. And in the very corner is your new image, in the form of a bright dot. Say to yourself: “One!”, you can wave your hand, and immediately imagine how the new image instantly expands and closes the old one.

But for me, for example, at first it was difficult for me to do this mentally. That's why they recommended this method. Place your hands at eye level, slightly moving them to the sides, palms facing each other, fingers forward. Squint your eyes to the left, and imagine your current image on the palm of your left hand. Then squint your eyes to the right, and imagine a new image on your right palm. Only very, very bright!!! Feel the whole gamut of emotions.

Now quickly, quickly move your hands in front of you so that the right palm (where the desired image is “drawn”) overlaps the left. Palms should be at eye level!

If you are left-handed, then on the right you will have your old image, and on the left - the new one, and, accordingly, when performing a swing, your left palm should be closer to you.

This exercise must be repeated several times to form a conditioned reflex. I do 7 strokes in a row, three times a day. After a few days, a conditioned reflex is formed. You can also anchor your new desired state.

3. Changing the attitude towards the past - cinema

Very often, some events of the past significantly poison our lives. This could be illness, quarrels, death of loved ones. We return to them again and again, relive them. But for consciousness it makes no difference whether it is in reality or in the imagination... Of course, we cannot completely erase events from our memory. But we can make them dull and insignificant.

Remember a traumatic situation. Then imagine yourself sitting in a movie theater. In front of you is a large screen limited by a frame. And now you look at this situation like a movie. Those. you kind of stepped out of it, it’s a film. Happened? Then mentally pick up the remote control. If you want, you can “touch” it, feel its keys - the more accurately and vividly you imagine everything, the better. Using this virtual remote control, remove the brightness, contrast, and saturation of the picture. Let it become dull and colorless. Then reduce it. You can then turn off the movie altogether. Happened?

Do this exercise several times. And you will see how the traumatic situation will cease to be so. You won’t forget it, but it will stop touching you and will become an insignificant, ordinary event in your life. This is how I very quickly got rid of the unpleasant memories of the operation.

4. Let your imagination run wild

Once you have mastered these simple techniques, you can start experimenting. For example, mentally put cheerful music on a negative situation. Or play it sequentially as a melodrama, comedy, black and white silent film, etc. Then backwards. At some point the situation will become uninteresting or funny to you.

Or such a technique. Imagine a negative situation being played out on a small glass screen. And then mentally break it down. Try to clearly see how the fragments fly in all directions, how they sparkle in the sun. The main thing is to present everything brightly and vividly. You can also start distorting the screen - sending waves and bubbles across it. Play!

Having mastered these simple techniques and combining them, you will quickly get rid of negative emotions and experiences. If something is difficult to imagine mentally, you can draw and then tear or burn the drawing. You can also use a computer for these purposes - draw a picture, and then graphic editor make it small and dull. And then erase with an eraser.

Moreover, one day you will understand that NLP is associated with magic techniques. Yes Yes! And at some point you will become a true wizard. And don’t forget your magic wand :) There is only one condition: you must want it yourself!

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Neurolinguistic programming (NLP) is a psychotherapeutic concept according to which, by changing the mental image of a life situation in the mind, a person’s mental state changes, which contributes to the effective realization of oneself in life and the satisfaction of current needs. The theory and practice of NLP are described in detail in many works, both new and already classic (Alder, 1998, 2000; Andreas, Andreas, 1999a, 19996; Andreas et al. 2000; Bandler, 1998; Bandler, Grinder, 1992, 1994 ; Grinder, Bandler, 1996; Dilts, 1994; 1997, 1998; O'Connor, Seymore, 1997; McDermott, O'Connor, 1998; Talanov, Malkina-Pykh, 2003). In this section, we present only those proven NLP techniques that have already proven themselves well in the treatment of PTSD.

One of the basic provisions of NLP is the assertion that every person carries hidden, untapped mental resources. The main tasks of the NLP therapist are to provide the client with access to these hidden resources, extract them from the subconscious, bring them to the conscious level, and then teach the client how to use them. The implementation of these tasks is achieved using various techniques, such as: “integration of anchors”, “visual-kinesthetic dissociation”, “six-step reframing”, “swing”.

^ Anchor integration technique. The technique is simple, has great therapeutic breadth and can significantly reduce neurotic symptoms in participants in extreme situations already at initial stages work. Its use is especially desirable when the client fixates on the negative aspects of his life experience associated with a traumatic situation. It can be used as the main one or as an auxiliary one as part of other techniques NLP therapy.

Anchoring - a process by which any internal or external event (sound, word, raising a hand, intonation, touch) can be associated with some reaction or state and trigger its manifestation. Anchors can occur naturally and be installed intentionally.

^ Positive anchor - an anchor that causes a resourceful state (a pleasant experience).

Negative anchor– an anchor that causes a problematic state (unpleasant experience).

When setting an anchor, it is better to use three rules:

1. The anchor is placed shortly before the peak of the experience. At the moment of peak it must be gradually removed. It is very important. Only in this case will binding occur: the brain will connect the state and the external event.

2. The anchor can be movement, sound, touch.

3. The anchor should be reproduced extremely accurately: exactly the same sound or word, pronounced with exactly the same intonation, exactly the same movement or touch.

Tactile anchors. Some of the most reliable and easy to install are tactile anchors. These are anchors that are placed by touching the client's body. They are really quite comfortable and reliable, because a touch is always a touch. An auditory anchor is usually difficult to hold, a visual anchor is inconvenient because the client can turn away or close his eyes, and touch is always noticed and triggered.

When installing, it is important to remember what you put where. One of the recommendations is to separate which hand to place positive (resource) anchors and which to place negative ones.

It should be borne in mind that some people, for a variety of reasons, do not like touch at all, and if you try to give them a tactile anchor, the reaction may be unpredictable.

Sudden touch usually causes tension in the client. So, it’s either worth setting a “kinesthetic” style of communication, in which touch is natural and organic, or using other anchors.

A well-placed anchor usually fits organically into the situation; it is natural and unnoticeable there.

Visual anchors. The visual anchor can be the “hypnotist’s pose,” characteristic movement, position in space, facial expressions. But it should be remembered that it is advisable to hold most anchors for a long time. It is usually recommended to use a pose or position in space. But it is preferable to choose positions that will no longer be used when communicating with the client, so that the anchor does not work in a completely unnecessary place.

Auditory anchors. All auditory anchors can be divided into two types: vocal and sound.

Voice marks are determined by a certain characteristic of the voice: intonation, pitch, speed, etc. or a combination of them. Naturally, this height or speed should not be used for anything other than anchoring and anchor playback.

Sound anchors are placed using available objects (you can use a pipe, bell, etc.).

^ Calling the state. The most important task when working with anchors is not setting the anchor itself, but obtaining a state that can then be used.

The therapist can simply wait for the moment when the client himself enters a state that suits you. This is convenient if communication takes place in the form of a monologue, but provided that you can set an anchor, that is, the client occasionally looks at you or you can make a sound that he can hear. The disadvantage of this passive method is that you sometimes have to wait a long time.

But there are active ways to call the state:

– straightforward: ask the client to enter the state you need;

– you can invite the client to recall a situation in which he experienced the state you need;

– you can adapt to the client and lead him to the desired state, and then set an anchor.

^ Visual-kinesthetic dissociation technique. This is one of the most effective and fastest-acting psychotechniques when working with people who have suffered severe psychological trauma - an extreme situation in which the participant feels helpless and defenseless. This leads to the formation of a peculiar phobic reaction, which, as a rule, has a protective nature in a specific context associated with danger to the client. Subsequently, this reaction is generalized, i.e. this response pattern is transferred to other – inadequate and different from the original – contexts. This, in turn, leads to the formation of a pathological response in a wide range of situations, i.e. to maladaptive behavior and various forms of neurotic manifestations and delinquent behavior, and subsequently to pathocharacterological development.

In most cases, after such a situation, a person is not consciously aware of how much the traumatic experience leaves an imprint on his life and deforms the system of relationships. With such a character mental trauma it is simply impossible to find a positive experience of sufficient intensity to combine both states (anchoring technique). Here it is appropriate to talk about the presence of a certain split-off part of a person that continues to suffer, relive the previous situation again and again and interacts with the world through the prism of pain and suffering. From here it becomes clear the need to respond to the “injured affect”, a traumatic situation, change the attitude towards it, allow the suffering part to receive support and compassion and, ultimately, integrate it with the client’s personality.

In the technique of visual-kinesthetic dissociation, these problems are solved by dissociating the client from the negative feelings experienced during mental trauma. The client must look at what happened to him from the outside, i.e. move from an associated re-experience of a traumatic event to a dissociated one. Remembering a traumatic event in an associated form, a person experiences it again and again, as if it were happening “here and now”; he seems to go back into the past again to re-experience feelings of hopelessness, fear and pain. But there is another way of perceiving and processing information, which provides the ability, while remaining emotionally uninvolved, to look from the outside at your past traumatic experience, while having all the resources and knowledge, all the experience of the past, a sense of life in the present and goal-setting for the future. This method is a dissociated form of perception. Typically, pleasant events are remembered in an associated form, and negative ones - in a dissociated form. With a dissociated attitude towards your own life experience, you can remain compassionate, empathetic, have experienced and largely comprehended what happened, but at the same time remain in the present and look at everything that happened from the outside. Being in such a new, more constructive position, the client can change his attitude towards what happened, return the traumatic situation to its limited context, provide emotional support to the suffering part of himself, turn to it with his soul and heart, and integrate it into himself.

^ Six-step reframing. In the most general form, the range of problems solved with the help of this psychotechnics can be divided into two types.

The first, main one, includes the patterns of cognitive, emotional and behavioral responses that often arise in PTSD. The patient perceives them as inadequate, not satisfactory (not satisfying) him in this context, but, despite understanding, he cannot change or correct them. This is often mixed with some obsession in their occurrence and development, a feeling of their automaticity, uncontrollability, and beyond conscious control. The second type includes a wide variety of psychosomatic problems, which are also often found among participants in military operations. Using this technique you can: form new, more adequate ways of behavior; make the personality more whole, integrated; build a sense of self-confidence and faith in your abilities; bring to a conscious level the true motives and goals of behavior; resolve the tragedies that have arisen and PTSD intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts.

Reframing(from English frame - frame) - reformation. The meaning of any event depends only on what frame we put it in, from what point of view we look at it. The frame changes, the meaning changes. When the meaning changes, reactions and behavior also become different. The ability to place events in different frames and give them different meanings is very important and gives a person more freedom of choice. There are two main types of reframing: context reframing and content reframing.

^ Context reframing. Almost any behavior can be useful in the right circumstances. Very few forms of behavior are completely devoid of value and purpose. Context reframing works best with statements like “I’m too…” or “I’d like to stop...”. Ask yourself:

When would this behavior be useful?

Under what circumstances is this behavior a valuable resource?

When the client finds a context in which a given behavior is appropriate, he can mentally rehearse it in that context and develop an appropriate behavior for the original context.

^ Content reframing. The content of experience is what a person focuses his attention on, giving it the meaning that he likes. Content reframing can be useful for statements like, “I get angry when I'm being bossed around,” or “I get panicky when a deadline approaches.”

Ask yourself questions:

What else could this mean?

What is the positive direction of this behavior?

How else could I describe this behavior?

^ Swing technique. This technique allows you to quickly and effectively

effectively change rigid stereotypes to more adequate and acceptable ways of responding to the client. As a result, not only new, more positive reactions are formed, but also a more productive “I-image”. For more information about the swing technique, see below (Technique 5).

TECHNIQUES

Here and below are examples of instructions that the therapist gives to the client to teach this technique. When dealing with a client, it is quite acceptable to use formulations that, even if they do not coincide with the NLP terms used here, are more understandable to the client.

TECHNIQUE 1. “Setting resource anchors”

1. Identify a situation in which you lack resources (this could be a situation of constantly mentally reliving a traumatic situation).

2. Identify the resource needed (for example, confidence or a sense of calm).

3. Make sure that the resource is truly appropriate - ask yourself: “If I had this resource, would my perception of this situation and my actions in it improve?” (If yes, continue; if no, go back to step 2).

4. Remember several cases in your life when you had this resource, and choose one or two from them when it manifested itself most intensely.

5. Determine the anchors you are going to use (visual, auditory, kinesthetic).

6. In your imagination, completely return to the experience of the resource state, relive it again.

7. When the experience reaches its peak intensity, withdraw from it.

8. Experience your resource state again, and at the moment when it reaches its peak, set an anchor. Repeat this several times.

9. Check the quality of the anchoring by making sure that you are actually entering this state by turning on the anchors. If you are not satisfied, repeat step 6.

TECHNIQUE 2. “Creating a chain of anchors”

1. Determine how exactly you know that you are experiencing unpleasant experiences associated with a traumatic event. What makes you aware of this - thoughts, posture, movements, breathing, etc.?

2. Decide what first state you would like to move to as soon as you receive this internal signal. To what second after that? To which third, etc. (For example, your “chain” may look like this: “excitement” - “calmness” - “curiosity” - “creativity”.)

3. Remember a time when you were very calm and secure this state with a tactile anchor (it’s most convenient to use a certain finger touching a certain part of the body).

4. Come out of this state of calm, remember when you were overwhelmed by curiosity, and set an anchor for this state that is noticeably different from the previous one.

5. Do this for the creativity state (also “anchor” it).

6. Return to the experience of worry (for example, remember the last thing you were seriously worried about).

7. As soon as you feel the signal of excitement, turn on the anchor of calm, when this state reaches its maximum, “launch” the anchor of curiosity, and then creativity.

TECHNIQUE 3. “Anchor Integration”

The principle of “mixing” two opposing neurological processes forms the basis of a very powerful technique of colliding, or integrating, anchors.

Sit back and think about a time when you felt especially confident, creative, or just healthy (pick one).

1. Anchor this memory on your right knee with gentle pressure from your right hand. Make sure you anchor at the moment when you are most intensely experiencing the memory.

2. Now think back to a traumatic situation that brings back negative memories. Place an anchor with your left hand on your left knee.

3. Using both hands, press both anchors simultaneously. As a result, the two behaviors will collide in the same place and time, so that it will be neurologically necessary to integrate them. The resource and non-resource states will merge, forcing your brain to look for new opportunities in a situation that was previously perceived as problematic, and/or change the state from an unhealthy one to a healthier one.

4. Now imagine a problematic or traumatic situation in the future. If your work has been successful, you will find that it is much easier for you to find resources in a given situation (as you imagine the situation, signs of a resource state will appear). And be sure that later you will be able to really experience the “availability of the resource” when you find yourself in a corresponding problematic situation, or simply recover much faster.

TECHNIQUE 4. “Circle of Perfection”

The purpose of this technique is to restore, describe, strengthen and supplement the resource states of the human body and psyche. At its core, this is the integration of anchors with multiple resource locations.

1. Define your perfect state. Select from your past a state in which all of your resources were available to you in a way that allowed you to be at your best and perform to the fullest of your abilities.

2. Create a “circle of excellence.” Draw an imaginary circle on the floor. Imagine that this is your “circle of perfection.” Try to imagine that a color appears in it - what color?

3. Remember the state of perfection, achieve it, describe it, supplement it if necessary, and associate it with the circle (simply by entering it in a “perfect” state):

a) relive your experience of the perfect state as if it were happening now;

b) describe - become aware of your posture, breathing, internal images, sounds and especially how you see and hear everything that happens;

c) complete the sensation, if it is not quite complete, by systematically repeating the exercise until you get a strong and complete experience. Identify the most vivid or “bulging” sensations (feelings, breath pattern, image or sound) that create the “augmented” state of perfection, and determine what you look like and how your voice sounds in this state.

4. Perform state separation. Leave the circle and return to your normal state.

5. Now step into the circle and see if all the physiological sensations of perfection return to you spontaneously. Get out of the circle. Repeat entering and exiting several more times. If you cannot fully achieve a sense of perfection without conscious effort, return to step 3.

6. Create the necessary context. Identify a future situation that is typically problematic for you, but in which you would like to be able to automatically achieve a feeling of perfection at any time. Find the trigger for this situation (what you see, hear and feel that lets you know that you are about to face a problem).

7. Make connections. Mentally put yourself in this situation, enter the circle and, having gained access to perfection, see how all this perfection is reflected in the situation. Notice the kinds of connections you can make with your perfection. Get out of the circle.

8. Test yourself. Think about that future situation again. You might even ask yourself a few questions about it (for example, “What happens now when I think about things that are usually unpleasant or difficult for me?”). The main thing here is to quickly and automatically achieve a state of perfection. You can test this by noticing whether the attributes that define a feeling of perfection from your description are present (step 3).
^

TECHNIQUE 5. “Swing”

1. Determine your undesirable reaction (behavior) - for example, a feeling of anxiety, palpitations, etc. - your current state.

2. Find out the trigger picture:

a) determine exactly what conditions precede an undesirable reaction, for example: the emergence of a feeling of anxiety or fear - what do you see (hear, feel) that makes you worry? If you can only identify auditory or kinesthetic cues (triggers), overlay with a visual cue: “If this sound or feeling were a picture, what would it look like?”

b) create a large, vivid associated image of what you see just before the unwanted behavior begins. Calibrate your “outer behavior” (the unwanted feeling or behavior should appear!) and mentally put this picture aside.

3. Create a new picture - the desired state. Imagine a picture of yourself - what you would be like if you no longer had this difficulty. What kind of different person would you see yourself if you freed yourself from this unwanted behavior? Make sure you present a dissociated picture of yourself as a different person - more capable and with more freedom of choice. Make sure the picture:

a) reflects your new quality, and not any specific behavior;

b) dissociated and remains so;

c) you like;

d) does not have a narrow context (make the background around the image as blurry as possible).

4. Conduct an environmental audit. Looking at this picture of yourself as you want to be, think about whether you have any hesitation about becoming that person? Take every opportunity to change this picture so that you fully agree with the new image of yourself.

5. Prepare for the swing. Create a large, bright associated image of the trigger (step 2) and place a small, dark picture of the desired self-image (step 3) in the middle of that image.

6. Take a swing. Imagine how the picture of the desired image quickly becomes larger and brighter, and the picture

The trigger at the same time decreases in size and becomes dim and not so bright. Then open your eyes or erase the image from your visual “screen” and imagine something else.

7. Repeat this procedure five times, speeding up the process each time. Remember to take a break after each swing to ensure the swing sequence is in the same direction.

8. Check the success of the exercise. Imagine that same situation: what is happening? If the swing technique is successful, then holding the trigger picture (step 2) will not be easy; it will naturally be replaced by a new desired self-image (step 3). If the image (step 2) is still saved, then you need to do step 6 several more times, and then carry out another check.
^

TECHNIQUE 6. “Literal reframing”

1. Think about a situation that makes you feel bad when you think about it. It could be anything: a memory of a traumatic event, a current problematic situation, or a feeling of fear, or maybe something else.

2. Carefully consider the visual part of your problematic experience, then mentally step back from it so that you see yourself in this situation (dissociate). If you cannot create this dissociation consciously, then simply “feel” that you are doing it, or pretend that you have done it.

3. Now place a large golden baroque frame about two meters wide around this painting. Notice how this changes your perception of the problem situation.

4. If the changes are not enough, experiment. Use an oval frame, such as was used many years ago for old family portraits; sharp-edged stainless steel frame or colored plastic frame.

5. Once the frame is chosen, have fun decorating the painting and the space around it. Bright museum lighting raised above a painting casts a different light on the subject than a dim candle sitting on a stand below it. Seeing an actual framed painting among other paintings on a wall in a museum or in someone else's home can create a completely different perspective. If you want, even just mentally select a famous - or not so famous - artist and turn your painting into a canvas executed by this artist or in his style.
^

TECHNIQUE 7. “Six-step reframing”

1. Identify stereotype X that you want to change (your intrusive memory or re-experiencing of the traumatic situation). “I want to stop doing X, but I can’t,” or “I want to do Y, but something is stopping me.” For example, “I want to stop getting sick” or “I want to get better, but something is stopping me.”

2. Establish communication with the part responsible for stereotype X.

a) “Will the part of my personality that is responsible for stereotype X communicate with me in consciousness?” Notice any sensations that arise after you ask yourself this question.

b) Set the value of the “yes” and “no” signals. Let the brightness, volume, or intensity of the signal increase if you receive a “yes” answer, and decrease if you receive a “no” answer. It is often possible to use the involuntary movement of a finger up and down as a signal.

3. Separate the behavior of the stereotype X from the positive intention of the part that is responsible for X - after all, this behavior is just a way to achieve some positive goal.

a) Ask the part that is responsible for stereotype X: “Would you like to give me the opportunity to realize what you are trying to do for me with stereotype X?”

b) If you get a “yes” answer, ask that part to go ahead and be open about that intention. If the answer is no, leave the intention unconscious, but assume that it exists.

c) Now (if the answer was “yes”) determine whether this intention is acceptable to your consciousness, that is, do you want to have a part that would perform this function?

d) Ask the part that is responsible for stereotype X: “If you knew of ways to achieve the same goal that were as good as X or even better, would you be interested in implementing them?” Gain her agreement by rethinking the expressions if necessary.

4. Access creative part and ask her to generate new behaviors to achieve this positive function.

a) Access and anchor experiences of creativity. Or ask yourself, “Am I aware that I have a creative side?”

b) Ask the part responsible for stereotype X to communicate its positive function to the creative part and allow the creative part to create new ways to achieve this positive goal. Invite the part responsible for X to accept at least three options that are as good or better than X. Let the part X give a "yes" signal every time it accepts an option as a good alternative to X.

5. Ask Part X: “Would you like to take responsibility for using 3 new behaviors in appropriate situations?” This will ensure that we are connected to the future. In addition, you can ask Part X to unconsciously identify cues that will trigger new behaviors to function and allow you to fully experience the state you will be in when those cues automatically trigger new responses.

6. Carry out an environmental audit. Ask: “Is there any part of me that would object to any of these three behaviors?” If the answer is yes, return to step 2.

TECHNIQUE 8. “Visual-kinesthetic dissociation”

1. Imagine yourself sitting in the center of an empty movie theater.

2. On the screen you see a black and white photograph. It shows you in a situation moments before a strong emotional experience occurs.

3. Get out of your body and move into the projection booth. From there, you can see yourself in the center of the cinema, watching yourself on the screen.

4. Turn on the film projector and the black and white photograph will turn into a black and white film about the situation that caused the experience. To control the state of dissociation, keep your hand on the switch. If you begin to associate yourself with the situation, the film projector will turn off at the same time you leave the booth, and you will “lose” the situation.

5. Watch the film from beginning to end and freeze it in the frame immediately after the end of the experience.

6. From the projection booth, move into your body in the hall, and then into your body on the screen. In other words, associate yourself with the situation on the screen. To prevent the image from disappearing, first press the movie projector switch harder and it will lock.

7. Make the movie in color and play it in reverse. You are dealing with your imagination, and in your imagination you can do anything.

8. Complete the procedure of step 7 in two seconds.

9. Repeat the procedure of step 7 for one second. Do this three or five times.

10. Examination. Think about a situation that previously caused you strong feelings. Another way to check is to go through the disturbing situation in real life. This procedure is used when working with strong emotional experiences that significantly disturb a person’s internal balance.

TECHNIQUE 9. “Working with negative experiences”

1. Imagine a traumatic situation and see everything that happens with your own eyes - associate with the situation. This is done in order to check whether the event still gives the person unpleasant experiences. As soon as you feel negative emotions, immediately look at everything that is happening from the outside, i.e. dissociate from the situation.

2. Review the entire situation in a dissociated state.

3. Put this picture aside. You'll need it a little later.

4. Find a fun, upbeat tune or song that you like. The melody is accompanied by some kind of video, it all resembles a video clip. Listen to the melody along with the image from start to finish. It is important to check whether you are actually having positive experiences. If not, then find another tune.

5. Place a picture with a melody in the background, and a picture of a negative situation in the foreground. View two series of events simultaneously from beginning to end. The melody or song selected in step 4 will sound.

6. You can repeat the procedure in step 5 three or four times. Do it quickly - in one or two seconds.

7. Examination. To determine the result of the procedure, contact negative situation and relive it again. Notice how your perception of the event and your feelings have changed.

In order for you to carry out point 4 competently and, as they say, “with feeling, sense and arrangement”, get acquainted with the most important stages and stages of implementation a simple variation of the swing technique(I took the description from R. Bandler’s book “Use Your Brain to Change”).

1. Find out the context those. First, determine where you are “broken” or “stuck.” When or where would you like to behave or react differently than you do now?

2. Define a trigger image(“launch picture”). Find what you actually see just before you start behaving in a way you don't like. This picture is usually associated (that is, you see it as if from your own eyes and do not see yourself in this picture). Many people are on “autopilot” at this point, and so sometimes it’s worth actually doing what should precede this unwanted behavior in order to see what it all looks like and find the trigger. If you are now simply testing the swing technique, keep in mind: since this is a stimulus for a certain reaction that you do not like, at least something “unpleasant” should be associated with this picture. The more unpleasant it is, the better it will work.

3. Create an image of the result (new you). Make (construct and imagine) this image- How would you see yourself, Kim, if you had already achieved the desired change. What kind of person would you be if where you were “broken” or “stuck” was not a problem for you? Tweak this look until you get one that is eco-friendly and truly attractive.- which you are strongly attracted to and like.

4.Swing. Now “wave” these two pictures. First, see that “trigger” picture, big and bright. Then place a small dark image of the new you in the lower right corner. And now let the small dark image quickly increase in size and brightness and cover the first picture, which will just as quickly darken and shrink. Then “clear the screen” and “wave” these two pictures again- five times in total. Be sure to clear the screen at the end of each swing!

5. Examination.

a) Now call up that first image. What's happening? If the swing was effective, it will simply be difficult to do. The “trigger picture” will tend to disappear and be replaced by a second, desirable image.

b) Another way to check- behavioral. Find a way to recreate the situation presented in the key picture and see what you do now.

If the old behavior is still present during the test, do the swing technique again. See what you missed and what else you can do to make this process work.

Conditions for effective swings. If the swing doesn't work, it means you did something wrong. What exactly? I have already talked about this in part. We did not find the “true” trigger picture (what really “triggers” the unwanted state or behavior). And you didn’t find a new image of yourself that suits your unconscious. This is both basic and important, i.e. necessary. And so that it also becomes sufficient, I am telling you four (so far) conditions for effective “swings” (I quote them from the book “Change your thinking and take advantage of the results” by K. and S. Andreas - amazingly prolific enelpers, whose techniques you have used more than once meet on the pages of this book).

1. Simultaneity(synchronicity). For the swing to be effective, it is necessary that the changes occur as if simultaneously - that is, that the trigger picture is synchronously replaced with a new image of itself.

2. Direction. The swing “works” if it is done in only one direction - from the trigger picture to the desired image of oneself. Therefore, be sure to use an explicitly and clearly defined intermediate “separating” state (like a “separator”) between procedures. For example, before each repetition, “clear the screen” if you worked with your eyes open (to do this, look at any objects around you). Or just open your eyes if they were closed during the swing.

3. Speed. The faster the flapping procedure is performed, the better. So at first you can slowly go through all the steps of this technique to understand them. However, during the procedure, changing images should be carried out as quickly as possible.

4. Repetition. To consolidate the result of the swing, 3-5 repetitions are usually enough. If this does not happen even after ten repetitions, you clearly need to make some changes to the procedure in order for this technique to “work.”

Step-by-step recording of the swing technique. Despite the fact that the swing is a very simple technique of the lower Level of NLP, the first experience of its implementation is not always successful. Therefore, I recommend that you practice on someone else and, of course, on some not very significant problem. So become a psychotherapist and do the swing with this and that other one. Remembering, however, that now you need it more than he does, because you are just training (as you know, the best way to understand something yourself is to explain it to someone else). And, accordingly, in no case trying to immediately take on some serious problem of your partner. And I, to make it easier for you to train, will give you step-by-step description of the swing technique(from the book by V. MacDonald “Guide to Submodalities”).

Step 1. Have your subject identify something not too serious that he would like to change. A certain feeling that arises in a particular situation and forces him to act in the wrong way.

Step 2. Now ask him to close his eyes and see what he would be able to see if he were there in that situation. Ask him if he has this feeling. If not, pick something else (go back to step 1). If unpleasant feelings are accessed, pause to give your partner a chance to “clear the screen.”

Step 3: Ask your subject to take a large, bright, square picture of what he might see if he were there in that situation. Make sure he puts a border around this picture.

Step 4. Now invite your partner to create a new image of himself.- as if he had already made the desired change and become what he wants to be. Ask him whether he likes or dislikes the feelings generated by this new self-image.

Step 5. Consult the subject about the way in which he will now make the desired change. “In this first picture you see what precedes the unpleasant feeling and/or unwanted behavior. In the second picture you see yourself as someone who can cope with this situation. Squeeze that picture of your good self until it's small and dark. Then take the "big" picture- the one with a frame around it, and place this small one in the large corner. This big picture is bright, but the small one- dark. Then let that big picture start to slowly get darker while the little one starts to get bigger and brighter, bigger and brighter, until it completely covers that original image. The first picture gets so dark it disappears and all you see is- this is only the second one. Then stop and open your eyes to clear the screen. Just do this once."

Step 6: Check that your partner understands your instructions and is able to follow them.

Step 7. Now have the subject do everything in step 5 quickly, using no more time than it takes to say "swish".

Step 8. “Test” your partner by asking him to see the first “big” picture. If everything is in order, he either does not see her or no longer experiences any unpleasant feelings about her.