The building of the People's University named after. A. Shanyavsky. Moscow City People's University named after A.L. Shanyavsky People's University named after A.L. Shanyavsky

History of creation

Alfons Leonovich Shanyavsky (1837-1905) - general of the Russian army, colonialist of the Far East, later a Siberian gold miner, bequeathed his entire fortune to the creation of a university open to everyone, regardless of gender, religion and political reliability. “His main dream was always to leave all his funds for such higher institution, where both men and women, Russians and non-Russians, in a word, everyone who wants to study could study freely, without the requirement of matriculation certificates, etc.” (L. A. Shanyavskaya). Shanyavsky died on November 7, 1905, having managed to sign a deed of gift to the University for his own house on Arbat. After three years of struggle with officials, in 1908, the university opened in this house through the efforts of his widow Lydia Alekseevna. “The monetary side recedes completely into the background compared to the energy expended by Lydia Alekseevna... if not for her moral authority, the university project in June 1908 would have been buried by the retrograde State Council” (letter from the University board to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on April 27, 1920).

In the first years, the University operated in the Shanyavskys' house on Arbat (according to other sources - on Volkhonka, 14); in the first set there were 400 listeners. The university had two departments: popular science and academic, as well as basic knowledge courses for poorly prepared students. They trained specialists in local self-government, cooperative, library, refrigeration, etc. The fee for attending lectures - 45 rubles per year (shortened version - 30 rubles) - was quite affordable for the general population. “I entered Shanyavsky University in the historical and philosophical department. But you have to make trouble with the funds” - Sergei Yesenin, letter to A.G. Panfilov dated September 22, 1913.

The university was self-governing by a board of trustees, half of which were approved by the City Duma, and the other half were elected by the council itself. There were six women on the council (including Lydia Alekseevna). There was a separate academic (scientific) council responsible for educational programs.

Building on Miusskaya

Soon, the city allocated a plot of land on Miusskaya Square for the growing university. There, on a distant, sparsely populated outskirts, on the site of former lumberyards, a new cultural center of the city arose. In 1898, construction began on the real school named after Alexander II, followed by primary schools(), vocational school named after P. G. Shelaputin (), Abrikosovsky maternity hospital ().

The jury of the competition of architectural projects included, in addition to members of the Council, F. O. Shekhtel, L. N. Benois, S. U. Solovyov and other first-class architects. Of the twenty projects, five were awarded, but the Council considered that none of them met the development plans; L.A. Shanyavskaya personally spoke out “against everyone.” In January, A. A. Eikhenwald proposed his project, which was accepted as the basis. The drawings of the facade and artistic decoration were made by I. A. Ivanov-Shits (who in most sources is called the sole author), the design of the ceilings was advised by V. G. Shukhov, and the construction was supervised by A. N. Sokolov.

By the winter of 1911/1912, the frame of the building was completed, and on October 2 it received its first students; by this time there were more than 3,500 of them. In total, there were 23 in the building classrooms, of which three are amphitheaters for 600, 200 and 200 people. The Shukhov glazed dome over the large amphitheater was equipped with an electrically controlled curtain, which in a few minutes turned the bright auditorium into a cinema hall.

Professorship and alumni

One of the leading professors at the University is Kizevetter Alexander Alexandrovich.

Eikhenwald, Alexander Alexandrovich

The defeat of the university and the fate of the building

The last head of the board of trustees was one of its founders, P. A. Sadyrin (1877-1938).

In 1918, the university was nationalized, management transferred from the board of trustees to officials

History of creation

Alfons Leonovich Shanyavsky (1837-1905) - general of the Russian army, colonialist of the Far East, later a Siberian gold miner, bequeathed his entire fortune to the creation of a university open to everyone, regardless of gender, religion and political reliability. “His main dream has always been to leave all his funds for such a higher institution where both men and women, Russians and non-Russians, in a word, everyone who wants to study, could study freely, without requiring certificates of maturity, etc.” (L. A. Shanyavskaya). Shanyavsky died on November 7, 1905, having managed to sign a deed of gift to the University for his own house on Arbat. After three years of struggle with officials, in 1908, the university opened in this house through the efforts of his widow Lydia Alekseevna. “The monetary side recedes completely into the background compared to the energy expended by Lydia Alekseevna... if not for her moral authority, the university project in June 1908 would have been buried by the retrograde State Council” (letter from the University board to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on April 27, 1920).

Building on Miusskaya

Soon, the city allocated a plot of land on Miusskaya Square for the growing university. There, on a distant, sparsely populated outskirts, on the site of former lumberyards, a new cultural center of the city arose. In 1898, construction began on a real school named after Alexander II, followed by primary schools (), a vocational school named after P. G. Shelaputin (), and the Abrikosovsky maternity hospital ().

By the winter of 1911/1912, the frame of the building was completed, and on October 2 it received its first students; by this time there were more than 3,500 of them. In total, the building had 23 classrooms, three of which were amphitheaters for 600, 200 and 200 people. The Shukhov glazed dome over the large amphitheater was equipped with an electrically controlled curtain, which in a few minutes turned the bright auditorium into a cinema hall.

Professorship and alumni

One of the leading professors at the University is Kizevetter Alexander Alexandrovich.

Eikhenwald, Alexander Alexandrovich

The defeat of the university and the fate of the building

The last head of the board of trustees was one of its founders, P. A. Sadyrin (1877-1938).

In 1918, the university was nationalized, management transferred from the board of trustees to officials

Shanyavsky University, for which a magnificent building was built on Miusskaya Square at the beginning of the twentieth century, was well known in Moscow. But not everyone knew what it was educational institution was closely connected with the old unsightly building on the Arbat, moreover, it was thanks to the old house that it existed.

The public public university was built at the expense of a philanthropist - a Polish nobleman, Russian general Alfons Shanyavsky. The future general was born in 1837 in Poland, but as a child he was sent to Russia, to the cadet corps. Emperor Nicholas I ordered that a boy be taken from noble Polish families to study in Russia. So for Alfons Shanyavsky it was determined life path. A brilliant guards officer, a graduate of the General Staff Academy, he could have made a career in St. Petersburg, but of his own free will he went to serve on the Amur. He got to know him well Far East, at the age of 38, retired with the rank of major general and began developing gold mines. Soon he and his companions - engineer Pavel Berg and tea merchant Vasily Sabashnikov - turned into successful gold miners.

Alfons Leonovich Shanyavsky

In the 1870s, the partners, who became rich, moved to Moscow. Berg continues to engage in entrepreneurship, builds sugar factories and soon he is called nothing less than the “sugar king.” Sabashnikov also runs a successful business, but at the same time spends a lot on charity. And Shanyavsky invests money profitably in real estate, purchases several houses in Moscow and... practically all of his income goes towards the development of education. He donated to the organization of the Women's Medical Institute, gymnasiums in Blagoveshchensk and other cities, the creation of an Agricultural School in Chita and the Polish Library in Moscow, but the main dream of his life was the construction of a People's University, in which anyone could receive an education, regardless of gender ( women in many educational institutions were not allowed), religion, nationality and level of training. To finance this project, Shanyavsky purchased a house on Arbat in 1884. This building at No. 4, adjacent to the Prague restaurant, has survived to this day.

In Pushkin's times, the house belonged to Second Major Zagryazhsky and looked like an elegant lordly mansion in the Empire style, with a 6-column portico and stucco. Then the portico and stucco disappeared. The house was built on and connected by a common facade to the neighboring stone shop, which also grew by one floor. The long, curved building brought in good income: the ground floor was rented out as shops, and the upper floors were furnished with “rooms” - an inexpensive hotel that was never empty. But that was not all - in the courtyard there were 23 more buildings, an entire densely built-up city block. And they all provided income that was supposed to go towards the construction and maintenance of the university. The Ministry of Education resisted the opening of the People's University for a long time. In 1905, General Shanyavsky died before realizing his dream. But he bequeathed the Arbat property to the city with the condition that all income was destined for the university, and if things did not get off the ground before 1908, they went to the Women’s Institute.

Ceremonial laying of the building of Shanyavsky University in 1911. In the first row, third from left - V.F. Dzhunkovsky

In 1908, Shanyavsky University finally began work. The main credit for this belonged to the widow of General L.A. Shanyavskaya and book publisher M.V. Sabashnikov, the son of a longtime friend of the general. Mikhail Sabashnikov became Shanyavsky's executor and carried out his will. At first, classes were conducted in various classrooms, including the rented Golitsyn Palace on Volkhonka and the Polytechnic Museum. Construction of a special building began only in 1911. But already in the first intake of 1908 there were 400 listeners. There were 2 departments - popular science and academic, and training courses for those who had little preparation. Among the teachers were V. Bryusov, V. Vernadsky, E. Trubetskoy, A. Koni, A. Kiesewetter, A. Fersman, S. Muromtsev and many others. To speed up the construction of the educational building, Lidiya Alekseevna Shanyavskaya contributed another 250 thousand rubles, allegedly on behalf of an “unknown person.” By 1912, when the doors of the new auditoriums opened, there were already 3,600 listeners, and by 1915 - over 5,500, with more than half being women. Tuition fees were charged, but the minimum was 40 rubles. per year, and for beneficiaries - 30 rubles. Sergei Yesenin, Nikolai Klyuev, Anastasia Tsvetaeva, Yanko Kupala, Nikolai Timofeev-Resovsky studied at the university...
The Philharmonic Auditorium hosted concerts and film shows. Physical and chemical laboratories were equipped to conduct experiments. The university had a library, an employment office, and a mutual aid organization.

Photo report about Shanyavsky University in the magazine "Iskra", 1913, No. 23.

In 1918, Shanyavsky University was nationalized and the following year a new, Communist University named after. Sverdlov, in 1930 - VPSh (Higher Party School), then the Academy social sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU. Currently, the complex of buildings is occupied by the Russian Humanitarian University.
Alfons Leonovich Shanyavsky was buried in the cemetery of the Novo-Alekseevsky Monastery. In 1921, his widow Lydia Alekseevna Shanyavskaya, who, like her husband, put all her strength into the development of public education, also rested in the same grave with him. In 1930, the monastery was destroyed and the cemetery was destroyed. The Shanyavskys' grave has not survived.

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The University building, built in 1912, was part of the ensemble of the cultural center of Miusskaya Square. Now this building houses the Russian State University for the Humanities.

History of creation

Famous scientists A. Kiesewetter, A. Chayanov, M. Bogoslovsky, Y. Gauthier and many others taught. S. Yesenin, Yanka Kupala, N. Klyuev, S. Klychkov, R. Vishnyak and others studied at the university.

Students themselves decided which lectures they would like to listen to - there were no compulsory disciplines, and each student independently determined what he wanted to study.

The university was governed by a board of trustees, half of whom were approved by the City Duma, and the other half were elected by the board itself. There were six women on the council (including Lydia Alekseevna). There was a separate academic (scientific) council responsible for educational programs.

Building on Miusskaya

The city soon allocated a plot of land on Miusskaya Square for the growing university. There, on a distant, sparsely populated outskirts, on the site of former lumberyards, a new cultural center of the city arose. In 1898, construction began on a real school named after Alexander II, followed by primary schools (1900), a vocational school named after P. G. Shelaputin (1903), and the Abrikosovsky maternity hospital (1909).

The jury of the competition of architectural projects included, in addition to members of the Council, F. O. Shekhtel, L. N. Benois, S. U. Solovyov and other first-class architects. Of the twenty projects, five were awarded, but the Council considered that none of them met the development plans; L.A. Shanyavskaya personally spoke out “against everyone.” In January 1911, A. A. Eikhenwald proposed his project, which was adopted as the basis. The drawings of the facade and artistic decoration were made by I. A. Ivanov-Shits (who in most sources is called the sole author), the design of the ceilings was advised by V. G. Shukhov, and the construction was supervised by A. N. Sokolov.

By the winter of 1911/1912, the frame of the building was completed, and on October 2, 1912 it received its first students; by this time there were more than 3,500 of them. In total, the building had 23 classrooms, three of which were amphitheaters for 600, 200 and 200 people. The Shukhov glazed dome over the large amphitheater was equipped with an electrically controlled curtain, which in a few minutes turned the bright auditorium into a cinema hall. The large amphitheater at that time was called the “philharmonic auditorium” - it often hosted open concerts of the university choir of students and teachers, as well as the best Moscow musicians. The building project was awarded the 2nd prize and a silver medal at the competition for the best buildings held in 1914 by the City Government.

Later he also settled on Miusskaya Square (1915), in the same year the first chapel of the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky (architect A. N. Pomerantsev).

Professorship

One of the leading professors at the university is Kizevetter Alexander Alexandrovich.

In 1911-1912, prominent professors from Moscow State University came to the university, having resigned as a result of the Casso Affair.

Among the teachers:

Graduates and students

Notable alumni (listeners):

Closing of the university and the fate of the building

The last head of the board of trustees was one of its founders, P. A. Sadyrin. In 1918, the university was nationalized, management transferred from the board of trustees to officials of the People's Commissariat for Education. In 1919, its academic departments were merged with the faculties of Moscow State University.

In 1920, the structures that made up the former academic department of the university were liquidated, and the popular science department was merged with the Ya. M. Sverdlov Communist University, which occupied the building on Miusskaya. Then its successor, the Higher Party School, was located there. The building is currently occupied by the Russian State University for the Humanities. The building has partially lost its original decor. The Moscow State Open University (MSOU), located in a different location, also calls itself the successor of the University.

The biological collection of the university in 1922 was transferred to the newly established Biological Museum named after K. A. Timiryazev.

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Notes

Literature

Moscow at the beginning of the century / author.-comp. O. N. Orobey, ed. O. I. Lobova. - M.: O-Master, . - P. 382. - 701 p. - (Builders of Russia, twentieth century). - ISBN 5-9207-0001-7.
Vashchilo N., Rabotkevich I., Slepukhina S. Enlightenment Square // Moscow Archive. - M.: Mosgorarchiv, 1996. - Issue. 1. - pp. 250-261. - ISBN 5-7728-0027-9
Ovsyannikov A. A. Miusskaya Square, 6. - M.: Moskovsky Rabochiy, 1987. - 63 p. - (Biography of a Moscow house). - 75,000 copies.
Chayanov A.V. History of Miusskaya Square. - M., 1918.

An excerpt characterizing the Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky

-Are you okay, honey? – Mom’s affectionate voice sounded nearby.
I immediately smiled at her as confidently as possible and said that, of course, I was completely fine. And I myself, from everything that was happening, felt dizzy, and my soul was already beginning to sink into my heels, as I saw that the guys were gradually starting to turn around at me and, like it or not, I had to quickly pull myself together and “establish “Iron control” over my raging emotions... I was thoroughly “knocked out” of my usual state and, much to my shame, I completely forgot about Stella... But the little girl immediately tried to remind herself.
“But you said that you don’t have friends, and how many of them are there?!..” Stella asked, surprised and even a little upset.
- These are not the real friends. These are just guys I live next to or study with. They are not like you. But you are real.
Stella immediately began to shine... And I, “disconnectedly” smiling at her, feverishly tried to find some way out, absolutely not knowing how to get out of this “slippery” situation, and was already starting to get nervous, because I didn’t want to to offend my best friend, but I probably knew that soon they would definitely start to notice my “strange” behavior... And again stupid questions would start pouring in, which I didn’t have the slightest desire to answer today.
– Wow, how delicious you have here!!! – Stella jabbered, looking at the festive table in delight. - What a pity, I can’t try anymore!.. What did they give you today? Can I have a look?.. – as usual, questions rained down from her.
– They gave me my favorite horse!.. And a lot more, I haven’t even looked at it yet. But I will definitely show you everything!
Stella simply sparkled with happiness to be with me here on Earth, and I became more and more lost, unable to find a solution to this delicate situation.
– How beautiful it all is!.. And how delicious it must be!.. – How lucky you are to have something like this!
“Well, I don’t get that every day either,” I laughed.
My grandmother watched me slyly, apparently amused from the bottom of my heart by the situation that had arisen, but was not yet going to help me, as always, first expecting what I would do myself. But, probably because of today’s too strong emotions, as luck would have it, nothing came to mind... And I was already seriously starting to panic.
- Oh, here’s your grandmother! Can I invite mine here? – Stella suggested happily.
- No!!! – I immediately almost screamed in my mind, but there was no way I could offend the baby, and I, with the happiest look that I was able to portray at that moment, joyfully said: “Well, of course - invite me!”
And then, the same amazing old woman, now well known to me, appeared at the door...
“Hello, dears, I was on my way to see Anna Feodorovna, but I ended up right at the feast. Please forgive me for the intrusion...
- What are you talking about, please come in! There's enough room for everyone! - Dad suggested affectionately, and very carefully stared straight at me...
Although my grandmother did not at all resemble my “guest” or “school friend” Stella, my father, apparently sensing something unusual in her, immediately “blamed” this “unusual” on me, since for everything “strange” that was happening in our house, I usually answered...
Even my ears turned red from the embarrassment that I can’t explain anything to him right now... I knew that later, when all the guests had left, I would definitely tell him everything right away, but for now I really didn’t want to meet my dad’s eyes , since I was not used to hiding something from him and this made me feel very “out of place”...
- What's wrong with you again, honey? – Mom asked quietly. – You’re just hovering somewhere... Maybe you’re very tired? Do you want to lie down?
Mom was really worried, and I was ashamed to tell her a lie. And since, unfortunately, I couldn’t tell the truth (so as not to scare her again), I immediately tried to assure her that everything was really, really absolutely fine with me. And I myself was feverishly thinking about what to do...
– Why are you so nervous? – Stella asked unexpectedly. - Is it because I came?
- Well, what are you talking about! – I exclaimed, but, seeing her gaze, I decided that it was dishonest to deceive a comrade in arms.
- Okay, you guessed it. It’s just that when I talk to you, to everyone else I look “frozen” and it looks very strange. This especially frightens my mother... So I don’t know how to get out of this situation so that it would be good for everyone...
“Why didn’t you tell me?!..” Stella was very surprised. – I wanted to please you, not upset you! I'll leave now.
– But you really made me happy! – I sincerely objected. - It's just because of them...
– Will you come again soon? I miss you... It’s so uninteresting to walk alone... It’s good for grandma - she’s alive and can go wherever she wants, even to see you....
I felt wildly sorry for this wonderful, kindest girl...
“And you come whenever you want, only when I’m alone, then no one can disturb us,” I sincerely suggested. “And I’ll come to you soon, as soon as the holidays are over.” Just wait.
Stella smiled joyfully, and once again “decorated” the room with crazy flowers and butterflies, she disappeared... And without her, I immediately felt empty, as if she had taken with her a piece of the joy that filled this wonderful evening... I looked at my grandmother, looking for support, but she was talking very enthusiastically about something with her guest and did not pay any attention to me. Everything seemed to fall into place again, and everything was fine again, but I couldn’t stop thinking about Stella, about how lonely she is, and how unfair our Fate is sometimes for some reason... So, I promised myself as soon as possible to return to my faithful girlfriend, I again completely “returned” to my “living” friends, and only dad, who had been watching me very carefully the whole evening, looked at me with surprised eyes, as if trying hard to understand where and what was so serious He once “missed the mark” with me so offensively...
When the guests had already begun to go home, the “seeing” boy suddenly began to cry... When I asked him what happened, he pouted and said offendedly:
- Where are the nine?.. And the bowl? And there are no grandmothers...
Mom just smiled tensely in response, and quickly took her second son, who did not want to say goodbye to us, and went home...
I was very upset and very happy at the same time!.. This was the first time I met another baby who had a similar gift... And I promised myself not to calm down until I managed to convince this “unfair” and unhappy mother how her baby was truly a huge miracle... He, like each of us, should have had the right to free choice, and his mother had no right to take this away from him... In any case, until he himself will begin to understand something.
I looked up and saw dad, who was standing leaning on the door frame, and all this time he was watching me with great interest. Dad came up and, affectionately hugging me by the shoulders, said quietly:
- Well, let's go, you can tell me why you fought so ardently here...
And immediately my soul felt very light and calm. Finally, he will find out everything and I will never have to hide anything from him again! He was my best friend, who, unfortunately, did not even know half the truth about what my life really was... It was dishonest and it was unfair... And I only now realized how strange it all was this is the time to hide my “second” life from dad just because it seemed to mom that dad wouldn’t understand... I had to give him such a chance even earlier and now I was very glad that I could do it at least now...
Sitting comfortably on his favorite sofa, we talked for a very long time... And how much I was delighted and surprised that, as I told him about my incredible adventures, daddy’s face brightened more and more!.. I realized that my whole “incredible” story not only did not frighten him, but, on the contrary, for some reason made him very happy...
“I always knew that you would be special to me, Svetlenka...” when I finished, dad said very seriously. - I am proud of you. Is there anything I can do to help you?
I was so shocked by what happened that, out of nowhere, I burst into tears... Dad cradled me in his arms like a little child, quietly whispering something, and I, from happiness that he understood me, said nothing. I heard, I only understood that all my hated “secrets” were already behind me, and now everything would definitely be fine...
I wrote about this birthday because it left a deep imprint in my soul of something very important and very kind, without which my story about myself would certainly be incomplete...
The next day everything seemed normal and everyday again, as if that incredibly happy birthday had never happened yesterday...
The usual school and household chores almost completely filled the hours allotted in the day, and what remained was, as always, my favorite time, and I tried to use it very “economically” in order to learn as much useful information as possible and as much “unusual” information as possible. to find in yourself and in everything around you...
Naturally, they didn’t let me near the “gifted” neighbor’s boy, explaining that the baby had a cold, but as I later learned from his older brother, the boy felt absolutely fine, and was apparently “sick” only for me...
It was a great pity that his mother, who had probably gone through a rather “thorny” path of the same “unusual” at one time, categorically did not want to accept any help from me, and tried in every possible way to protect her sweet, talented son from me. But this, again, was just one of many of those bitter and offensive moments of my life, when no one needed the help I offered, and I now tried to avoid such “moments” as carefully as possible... Again, it is impossible for people had something to prove if they didn't want to accept it. And I never considered it right to prove my truth “with fire and sword,” so I preferred to leave everything to chance until the moment when a person comes to me and asks me to help him.
I again distanced myself a little from my school friends, because lately they had almost constantly the same conversations - which boys they liked the most, and how they could “get” one or the other... Frankly speaking, I just couldn’t understand why it attracted them so much then, that they could mercilessly spend such free hours, so dear to us all, on this, and at the same time be in a completely delighted state from everything said or heard to each other. Apparently, for some reason I was still completely and completely unprepared for this whole complex epic of “boys and girls”, for which I received an evil nickname from my girlfriends - “proud girl”... Although, I think that it was just a proud woman I wasn’t... But the girls were just infuriated that I refused the “events” they offered, for the simple reason that I honestly wasn’t interested in it yet, but throwing away my own free time It was in vain that I did not see any serious reason for this. But naturally, my school friends did not like my behavior in any way, since it, again, set me apart from the general crowd and made me different, not like everyone else, which, according to the guys, was “anti-human” according to the school students. ..

(federal)

Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky- a non-state (municipal) higher educational institution that existed in Moscow in the 1920s.

The University building, built in 1912, was part of the ensemble of the cultural center of Miusskaya Square. Now this building houses the Russian State University for the Humanities.

History of creation

Famous scientists A. Kiesewetter, A. Chayanov, M. Bogoslovsky, Y. Gauthier and many others taught. S. Yesenin, Yanka Kupala, N. Klyuev, S. Klychkov, R. Vishnyak and others studied at the university.

Students themselves decided which lectures they would like to listen to - there were no compulsory disciplines, and each student independently determined what he wanted to study.

Building on Miusskaya

Later he also settled on Miusskaya Square (1915), in the same year the first chapel of the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky (architect A. N. Pomerantsev).

Professorship

One of the leading professors at the university is Kizevetter Alexander Alexandrovich.

In 1911-1912, prominent professors from Moscow State University came to the university, having resigned as a result of the Casso Affair.

Among the teachers:

Graduates and students

Notable alumni (listeners):

Closing of the university and the fate of the building

The biological collection of the university in 1922 was transferred to the newly established Biological Museum named after K. A. Timiryazev.

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Notes

Literature

Moscow at the beginning of the century / author.-comp. O. N. Orobey, ed. O. I. Lobova. - M.: O-Master, . - P. 382. - 701 p. - (Builders of Russia, twentieth century). - ISBN 5-9207-0001-7.
Vashchilo N., Rabotkevich I., Slepukhina S. Enlightenment Square // Moscow Archive. - M.: Mosgorarchiv, 1996. - Issue. 1. - pp. 250-261. - ISBN 5-7728-0027-9
Ovsyannikov A. A. Miusskaya Square, 6. - M.: Moskovsky Rabochiy, 1987. - 63 p. - (Biography of a Moscow house). - 75,000 copies.
Chayanov A.V. History of Miusskaya Square. - M., 1918.

An excerpt characterizing the Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky

-Where did you go? – Natasha asked.
- Change the water in the glass. I'll finish the pattern now.
“You’re always busy, but I can’t do it,” said Natasha. -Where is Nikolai?
- He seems to be sleeping.
“Sonya, go wake him up,” said Natasha. - Tell him that I call him to sing. “She sat and thought about what it meant, that it all happened, and, without resolving this question and not at all regretting it, again in her imagination she was transported to the time when she was with him, and he looked with loving eyes looked at her.
“Oh, I wish he would come soon. I'm so afraid that this won't happen! And most importantly: I'm getting old, that's what! What is now in me will no longer exist. Or maybe he’ll come today, he’ll come now. Maybe he came and is sitting there in the living room. Maybe he arrived yesterday and I forgot.” She stood up, put down the guitar and went into the living room. All the household, teachers, governesses and guests were already sitting at the tea table. People stood around the table, but Prince Andrei was not there, and life was still the same.
“Oh, here she is,” said Ilya Andreich, seeing Natasha enter. - Well, sit down with me. “But Natasha stopped next to her mother, looking around, as if she was looking for something.
- Mother! - she said. “Give it to me, give it to me, mom, quickly, quickly,” and again she could hardly hold back her sobs.
She sat down at the table and listened to the conversations of the elders and Nikolai, who also came to the table. “My God, my God, the same faces, the same conversations, dad holding the cup in the same way and blowing in the same way!” thought Natasha, feeling with horror the disgust rising in her against everyone at home because they were still the same.
After tea, Nikolai, Sonya and Natasha went to the sofa, to their favorite corner, where their most intimate conversations always began.

“It happens to you,” Natasha said to her brother when they sat down in the sofa, “it happens to you that it seems to you that nothing will happen - nothing; what was all that was good? And not just boring, but sad?
- And how! - he said. “It happened to me that everything was fine, everyone was cheerful, but it would come to my mind that I was already tired of all this and that everyone needed to die.” Once I didn’t go to the regiment for a walk, but there was music playing there... and so I suddenly became bored...
- Oh, I know that. I know, I know,” Natasha picked up. – I was still little, this happened to me. Do you remember, once I was punished for plums and you all danced, and I sat in the classroom and sobbed, I will never forget: I was sad and I felt sorry for everyone, and for myself, and I felt sorry for everyone. And, most importantly, it wasn’t my fault,” Natasha said, “do you remember?
“I remember,” said Nikolai. “I remember that I came to you later and I wanted to console you and, you know, I was ashamed. We were terribly funny. I had a bobblehead toy then and I wanted to give it to you. Do you remember?
“Do you remember,” Natasha said with a thoughtful smile, how long ago, long ago, we were still very little, an uncle called us into the office, back in the old house, and it was dark - we came and suddenly there was standing there...
“Arap,” Nikolai finished with a joyful smile, “how can I not remember?” Even now I don’t know that it was a blackamoor, or we saw it in a dream, or we were told.
- He was gray, remember, and had white teeth - he stood and looked at us...
– Do you remember, Sonya? - Nikolai asked...
“Yes, yes, I remember something too,” Sonya answered timidly...
“I asked my father and mother about this blackamoor,” said Natasha. - They say that there was no blackamoor. But you remember!
- Oh, how I remember his teeth now.
- How strange it is, it was like a dream. I like it.
- Do you remember how we were rolling eggs in the hall and suddenly two old women began to spin around on the carpet? Was it or not? Do you remember how good it was?
- Yes. Do you remember how dad in a blue fur coat fired a gun on the porch? “They turned over, smiling with pleasure, memories, not sad old ones, but poetic youthful memories, those impressions from the most distant past, where dreams merge with reality, and laughed quietly, rejoicing at something.
Sonya, as always, lagged behind them, although their memories were common.
Sonya did not remember much of what they remembered, and what she did remember did not arouse in her the poetic feeling that they experienced. She only enjoyed their joy, trying to imitate it.
She took part only when they remembered Sonya's first visit. Sonya told how she was afraid of Nikolai, because he had strings on his jacket, and the nanny told her that they would sew her into strings too.
“And I remember: they told me that you were born under cabbage,” said Natasha, “and I remember that I didn’t dare not believe it then, but I knew that it wasn’t true, and I was so embarrassed.”
During this conversation, the maid's head poked out of the back door of the sofa room. “Miss, they brought the rooster,” the girl said in a whisper.
“No need, Polya, tell me to carry it,” said Natasha.
In the middle of the conversations going on in the sofa, Dimmler entered the room and approached the harp that stood in the corner. He took off the cloth and the harp made a false sound.
“Eduard Karlych, please play my beloved Nocturiene by Monsieur Field,” said the voice of the old countess from the living room.
Dimmler struck a chord and, turning to Natasha, Nikolai and Sonya, said: “Young people, how quietly they sit!”
“Yes, we are philosophizing,” Natasha said, looking around for a minute and continuing the conversation. The conversation was now about dreams.
Dimmer started to play. Natasha silently, on tiptoe, walked up to the table, took the candle, took it out and, returning, quietly sat down in her place. It was dark in the room, especially on the sofa on which they were sitting, but through the large windows the silver light of the full moon fell onto the floor.
“You know, I think,” Natasha said in a whisper, moving closer to Nikolai and Sonya, when Dimmler had already finished and was still sitting, weakly plucking the strings, apparently indecisive to leave or start something new, “that when you remember like that, you remember, you remember everything.” , you remember so much that you remember what happened before I was in the world...
“This is Metampsic,” said Sonya, who always studied well and remembered everything. – The Egyptians believed that our souls were in animals and would go back to animals.
“No, you know, I don’t believe it, that we were animals,” Natasha said in the same whisper, although the music had ended, “but I know for sure that we were angels here and there somewhere, and that’s why we remember everything.” ...
-Can I join you? - said Dimmler, who approached quietly and sat down next to them.
- If we were angels, then why did we fall lower? - said Nikolai. - No, this cannot be!
“Not lower, who told you that lower?... Why do I know what I was before,” Natasha objected with conviction. - After all, the soul is immortal... therefore, if I live forever, that’s how I lived before, lived for all eternity.
“Yes, but it’s hard for us to imagine eternity,” said Dimmler, who approached the young people with a meek, contemptuous smile, but now spoke as quietly and seriously as they did.
– Why is it difficult to imagine eternity? - Natasha said. - Today it will be, tomorrow it will be, it will always be and yesterday it was and yesterday it was...
- Natasha! now it's your turn. “Sing me something,” the countess’s voice was heard. - That you sat down like conspirators.
- Mother! “I don’t want to do that,” Natasha said, but at the same time she stood up.
All of them, even the middle-aged Dimmler, did not want to interrupt the conversation and leave the corner of the sofa, but Natasha stood up, and Nikolai sat down at the clavichord. As always, standing in the middle of the hall and choosing the most advantageous place for resonance, Natasha began to sing her mother’s favorite piece.
She said that she did not want to sing, but she had not sung for a long time before, and for a long time since, the way she sang that evening. Count Ilya Andreich, from the office where he was talking with Mitinka, heard her singing, and like a student, in a hurry to go play, finishing the lesson, he got confused in his words, giving orders to the manager and finally fell silent, and Mitinka, also listening, silently with a smile, stood in front of count. Nikolai did not take his eyes off his sister, and took a breath with her. Sonya, listening, thought about what a huge difference there was between her and her friend and how impossible it was for her to be even remotely as charming as her cousin. The old countess sat with a happily sad smile and tears in her eyes, occasionally shaking her head. She thought about Natasha, and about her youth, and about how there was something unnatural and terrible in this upcoming marriage of Natasha with Prince Andrei.
Dimmler sat down next to the countess and closed his eyes, listening.
“No, Countess,” he said finally, “this is a European talent, she has nothing to learn, this softness, tenderness, strength...”
- Ah! “how I’m afraid for her, how afraid I am,” said the countess, not remembering who she was talking to. Her maternal instinct told her that there was too much of something in Natasha, and that this would not make her happy. Natasha had not yet finished singing when an enthusiastic fourteen-year-old Petya ran into the room with the news that the mummers had arrived.
Natasha suddenly stopped.
- Fool! - she screamed at her brother, ran up to the chair, fell on it and sobbed so much that she could not stop for a long time.
“Nothing, Mama, really nothing, just like this: Petya scared me,” she said, trying to smile, but the tears kept flowing and sobs were choking her throat.
Dressed up servants, bears, Turks, innkeepers, ladies, scary and funny, bringing with them coldness and fun, at first timidly huddled in the hallway; then, hiding one behind the other, they were forced into the hall; and at first shyly, and then more and more cheerfully and amicably, songs, dances, choral and Christmas games began. The Countess, recognizing the faces and laughing at those dressed up, went into the living room. Count Ilya Andreich sat in the hall with a radiant smile, approving of the players. The youth disappeared somewhere.
Half an hour later, an old lady in hoops appeared in the hall between the other mummers - it was Nikolai. Petya was Turkish. Payas was Dimmler, hussar was Natasha and Circassian was Sonya, with a painted cork mustache and eyebrows.
After condescending surprise, lack of recognition and praise from those not dressed up, the young people found that the costumes were so good that they had to show them to someone else.
Nikolai, who wanted to take everyone along an excellent road in his troika, proposed, taking ten dressed up servants with him, to go to his uncle.
- No, why are you upsetting him, the old man! - said the countess, - and he has nowhere to turn. Let's go to the Melyukovs.
Melyukova was a widow with children of various ages, also with governesses and tutors, who lived four miles from Rostov.
“That’s clever, ma chère,” the old count picked up, getting excited. - Let me get dressed now and go with you. I'll stir up Pashetta.
But the countess did not agree to let the count go: his leg hurt all these days. They decided that Ilya Andreevich could not go, but that if Luisa Ivanovna (m me Schoss) went, then the young ladies could go to Melyukova. Sonya, always timid and shy, began to beg Luisa Ivanovna more urgently than anyone not to refuse them.
Sonya's outfit was the best. Her mustache and eyebrows suited her unusually. Everyone told her that she was very good, and she was in an unusually energetic mood. Some inner voice told her that now or never her fate would be decided, and she, in her man’s dress, seemed like a completely different person. Luiza Ivanovna agreed, and half an hour later four troikas with bells and bells, squealing and whistling through the frosty snow, drove up to the porch.

The building of the People's University named after. A. Shanyavsky. Moscow City People's University named after A.L. Shanyavsky People's University named after A.L. Shanyavsky

History of creation

Building on Miusskaya

Professorship and alumni

The defeat of the university and the fate of the building

History of creation

Building on Miusskaya

Professorship and alumni

The defeat of the university and the fate of the building

History of creation

Building on Miusskaya

Professorship

Graduates and students

Closing of the university and the fate of the building

Write a review on the article "Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky"

Notes

Literature

Links

An excerpt characterizing the Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky

History of creation

Building on Miusskaya

Professorship

Graduates and students

Closing of the university and the fate of the building

Write a review on the article "Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky"

Notes

Literature

Links

An excerpt characterizing the Moscow City People's University named after A. L. Shanyavsky