What is needed to prepare a child for school. Preparing a child for school: recommendations for parents. What activities are needed to prepare for school?

Before we talk directly about preparing your child for school, it is worth recalling the main features of the childhood period called the “preschool period.” This is the age range of childhood from 3 to 7 years. Until the growth spurt, which occurs at the age of 6–8 and often occurs precisely at the beginning of school life, children grow gradually and steadily. At the same time, the functional capabilities of organs and systems are actively improved. In the preschool years, children develop basic skills, as well as so-called fine skills: the ability to ride a two-wheeled bicycle, skate, dance, embroider, knit.

Skills, abilities and behavior are formed as a result of the child’s imitation of behavioral norms both in preschool institutions and in preparatory classes for future first-graders, for preschoolers who for some reason did not attend kindergartens. Everyone knows that a large role in the socialization of the personality of the future schoolchild belongs to the children's team, and specifically in the formation of communication skills. We can, of course, say that by the end of this period the child is preparing to enter school. But I would like every parent to understand that this is not a matter of one month or even one year. Almost the entire preschool period becomes a period of preparation for school.

If you pass it successfully, you can talk about readiness for school. After all, it is readiness for school that determines how your child will cope with school workloads and how successfully he will enter the school routine.

What is school readiness?

School readiness has four components.

Personal maturity. The child must have motivation not only at the level of “at school I will have new friends, a beautiful diary and notebooks, a bright pencil case and a backpack,” but also a cognitive level must be reached, when the child shows interest in new knowledge and skills. Surely you will notice in your baby an awakening desire to learn, which, in turn, leads him to the ability to listen and perceive new information.
Intellectual maturity(also called intellectual readiness) - the child has a sufficient amount of basic knowledge appropriate to his age, the ability to think logically, has imagination and developed memory.
Social maturity- one of important aspects, indicating the ability to adapt to a new children's team. This includes the ability to be in a team, to communicate with both children and adults - what is called the “ability to socialize.” During this period, your child learns patterns (stereotypes) of behavior established by the school community, norms and views accepted in his new school community.
Physiological maturity implies physical readiness: the presence of physical health, psychological stability, certain physiological age constants.

So, in order to prepare a child for a meeting with a school psychologist, parents need to decide what their child may need to be successful in school. Especially if your baby did not attend preschool. Parents of children who attend kindergarten, it is also necessary to have an idea of what level of knowledge and necessary skills it would be good for their child to have in order to say that they are well prepared for 1st grade.

Basic skills and knowledge needed by a child

We will determine a set of basic skills and basic knowledge that will give you confidence that your child is ready for school.

What can a baby already know?

Last name, first name, patronymic – yours and your parents’.
Your address (country, city, street, house and apartment number).
The most famous animals, birds and plants. The child must understand the differences between domestic and wild animals.
Time - the baby describes the differences between day and night, seasons, names months, days of the week.
Colors – distinguishes between basic colors and their shades.
Geometric figures. Preschool children quite easily distinguish between circles, triangles, and squares. It is important that the child has developed associative thinking, allowing him to correlate a figure and an object: the roof is a triangle, and the house is a square.
Numbers – ability to count from 1 to 20 and back. A preschooler doesn't need to know the complex principles of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, but you can teach them the basics.
Biology is, of course, not the subject itself, but to distinguish between living and nonliving things, as well as to navigate the simplest structure of the human body (head, torso, arms, legs, parts of the face).
Social knowledge- for example, holidays known to everyone and their simple description (winter - New Year- gifts under the tree).

As for skills, by this age it is recommended that a child be able to perform the following tasks:

Describe the given picture.
It is advisable to read the words syllable by syllable, but we emphasize once again that it is not necessary.
Retell the text read to him: this indicates developed speech skills, skills in constructing sentences and the ability to arrange them in a logical chain.
Carefully color the picture (elementary shading).
Cut simple figures along the contour.
Model an object from plasticine according to a given pattern.

In addition to the above, teach your baby independence, perseverance, friendliness and politeness. The child must be able to dress independently, take care of his appearance, change into sports uniform, and pack his school backpack. Also tell the future student about how to behave during breaks, what school discipline is and why it is necessary to finish what you start.

Specialists in preschool pedagogy have developed quite a lot of methods for preparing and developing preschool children. Today we will not consider each preparation method in detail; we will share with you simple and accessible methods that allow you not only to intellectually prepare your child for school, but also to psychologically prepare for the learning process:

Teach through play - conduct classes in game form, it is important to interest the baby.
The duration of your “lesson” is no more than 15 minutes. A break of 15–20 minutes is required between classes.
Alternating mental and physical activity - after the math lesson, arrange a physical education lesson.
The rule of gradualness - do not rush, gradually increase the complexity of the material. And remember, repetition is the mother of learning.
Drawing – be sure to include drawing classes in your preparation program. They will perfectly develop fine motor skills.
Use teaching aids with bright large illustrations.

Thanks to proper preparation, the future schoolchild will learn to think, develop imagination, logical thinking, memory. I would like to emphasize that your child does not have to be able to write, read and count when entering school. Although the acquired skills of counting, reading and writing will greatly facilitate the learning process. But this is not the main thing. It is important to choose not only the right method of preparing a preschooler. It will be very good if you familiarize yourself with the possible school programs in advance. When forming educational motivation in the process of preparing preschoolers, you need to think about how comfortable it will be for your child to study according to the chosen program. When we talk about comfort, it is, first of all, the creation of a favorable environment for the physical and psychological health of the child, as well as for maintaining interest in learning. Thus, in the “Primary School of the 21st Century” program, the child does not memorize the material, but first of all learns to think and make discoveries. In addition, this program does not require first-graders to have reading, writing and counting skills. On the contrary, the textbook system has a longer adaptation period in the 1st grade and helps to “get used” to learning. And one more piece of advice for parents whose children are just getting ready to go to school: choose a program that eliminates homework and has a balanced course load.

Sofia Rogozinskaya

The time is approaching when your child will bear the proud title of a first-grader. And in this regard, parents have a lot of worries and worries: where and how to prepare their child for school, is it necessary, what does the child need to know and be able to do before school, send him to first grade at six or seven years old, and so on. There is no universal answer to these questions - every child is individual. Some children are completely ready for school at the age of six, but with other children at the age of seven there is a lot of trouble. But one thing is for sure - it is absolutely necessary to prepare children for school, because it will be an excellent help in the first grade, will help in learning, and will greatly facilitate the adaptation period.

Being ready for school does not mean being able to read, write and do math.

To be ready for school means to be ready to learn all this, said child psychologist L.A. Wenger.

What does preparing for school include?

Preparing a child for school is a whole complex of knowledge, abilities and skills that a preschooler must possess. And this includes not only the totality necessary knowledge. So, what does quality preparation for school mean?

In the literature, there are many classifications of a child’s readiness for school, but they all boil down to one thing: readiness for school is divided into physiological, psychological and cognitive aspects, each of which includes a number of components. All types of readiness must be harmoniously combined in a child. If something is not developed or not fully developed, then this can cause problems in learning at school, communicating with peers, learning new knowledge, and so on.

Physiological readiness of the child for school

This aspect means that the child must be physically ready for school. That is, his state of health should allow him to successfully undergo educational program. If a child has serious deviations in mental and physical health, then he should be educated in a special correctional school, providing for the characteristics of his health. In addition, physiological readiness implies the development of fine motor skills (fingers) and coordination of movement. The child must know in which hand and how to hold the pen. And also, when entering first grade, a child must know, observe and understand the importance of observing basic hygiene standards: correct posture at the table, posture, etc.

Psychological readiness of the child for school

The psychological aspect includes three components: intellectual readiness, personal and social, emotional-volitional.

Intellectual readiness for school means:

By the first grade, the child must have a stock of certain knowledge
he must navigate in space, that is, know how to get to school and back, to the store, and so on;
the child must strive to acquire new knowledge, that is, he must be inquisitive;
The development of memory, speech, and thinking must be age-appropriate.

Personal and social readiness implies the following::

the child must be sociable, that is, be able to communicate with peers and adults; there should be no aggression in communication, and in case of a quarrel with another child, he should be able to evaluate and look for a way out of a problematic situation; the child must understand and recognize the authority of adults;
tolerance; this means that the child must respond adequately to constructive comments from adults and peers;
moral development, the child must understand what is good and what is bad;
the child must accept the task set by the teacher, listening carefully, clarifying unclear points, and after completion he must adequately evaluate his work and admit his mistakes, if any.

A child’s emotional and volitional readiness for school presupposes:

the child’s understanding of why he goes to school, the importance of learning;
interest in learning and acquiring new knowledge;
the child’s ability to perform a task that he does not entirely like, but requires it training program;
perseverance - the ability to listen carefully to an adult for a certain time and complete tasks without being distracted by extraneous objects and activities.

Child’s cognitive readiness for school

This aspect means that the future first-grader must have a certain set of knowledge and skills that will be needed to successfully study at school. So, what should a child of six or seven years old know and be able to do?

Attention.

Do something without distraction for twenty to thirty minutes.
Find similarities and differences between objects and pictures.
Be able to perform work according to a model, for example, accurately reproduce a pattern on your own sheet of paper, copy a person’s movements, and so on.
It's easy to play games that require quick reactions. For example, name a living creature, but before the game, discuss the rules: if the child hears a domestic animal, then he must clap his hands, if a wild animal, he must knock his feet, if a bird, he must wave his arms.

Mathematics.
Numbers from 1 to 10.

Count forward from 1 to 10 and count backward from 10 to 1.
Arithmetic signs ">", "< », « = ».
Dividing a circle, a square in half, four parts.
Orientation in space and a sheet of paper: right, left, above, below, above, below, behind, etc.

Memory.

Memorizing 10-12 pictures.
Reciting rhymes, tongue twisters, proverbs, fairy tales, etc. from memory.
Retelling a text of 4-5 sentences.

Thinking.

Finish the sentence, for example, “The river is wide, and the stream...”, “The soup is hot, and the compote...”, etc.
Find superfluous word from a group of words, for example, “table, chair, bed, boots, chair”, “fox, bear, wolf, dog, hare”, etc.
Determine the sequence of events, what happened first and what happened next.
Find inconsistencies in drawings and fable poems.
Put together puzzles without the help of an adult.
Together with an adult, make a simple object out of paper: a boat, a boat.

Fine motor skills.

Correctly hold a pen, pencil, brush in your hand and regulate the force of their pressure when writing and drawing.
Color objects and shade them without going beyond the outline.
Cut with scissors along the line drawn on the paper.
Perform applications.

Speech.

Compose sentences from several words, for example, cat, yard, go, sunbeam, play.
Recognize and name a fairy tale, riddle, poem.
Compose a coherent story based on a series of 4-5 plot pictures.
Listen to a reading, a story from an adult, answer basic questions about the content of the text and illustrations.
Distinguish sounds in words.

The world.

Know the basic colors, domestic and wild animals, birds, trees, mushrooms, flowers, vegetables, fruits and so on.
Name the seasons, natural phenomena, migratory and wintering birds, months, days of the week, your last name, first name and patronymic, the names of your parents and their place of work, your city, address, what professions there are.

What do parents need to know when teaching their child at home?

Homework with your child is very useful and necessary for the future first-grader. They have a positive effect on the child’s development and help bring all family members closer together and establish trusting relationships. But such activities should not be forced on the child; he must first of all be interested, and for this it is best to offer interesting tasks, and choose the most appropriate moment for classes. There is no need to tear your child away from games and sit him down at the table, but try to captivate him so that he himself accepts your offer to study. In addition, when working with a child at home, parents should know that at the age of five or six, children are not persevering and cannot perform the same task for a long time. Studying at home should not last more than fifteen minutes. After this, you should take a break so that the child is distracted. A change of activity is very important. For example, first you did logical exercises for ten to fifteen minutes, then after a break you can take up drawing, then play outdoor games, then sculpt funny figures from plasticine, etc.

Parents should know one more very important psychological feature preschool children: their main activity is play, through which they develop and gain new knowledge. That is, all tasks should be presented to the child in a playful way, and homework should not turn into educational process. But by working with your child at home, you don’t even have to set aside any specific time for this; you can constantly develop your baby. For example, when you are walking in the yard, draw your child’s attention to the weather, talk about the time of year, notice that the first snow has fallen or the leaves have begun to fall on the trees. While walking, you can count the number of benches in the yard, porches in the house, birds in the tree, and so on. While on vacation in the forest, introduce your child to the names of trees, flowers, and birds. That is, try to get the child to pay attention to what surrounds him, what is happening around him.

Various educational games can be of great help to parents, but it is very important that they correspond to the age of the child. Before showing the game to your child, get to know it yourself and decide how useful and valuable it can be for your child’s development. We can recommend children's lotto with images of animals, plants and birds. A preschooler should not buy encyclopedias; most likely he will not be interested in them or will lose interest in them very quickly. If your child has watched a cartoon, ask him to talk about its content - this will be good speech training. At the same time, ask questions so that the child sees that this is really interesting for you. Pay attention to whether the child pronounces words and sounds correctly when telling the story; if there are any mistakes, then delicately tell the child about them and correct them. Learn tongue twisters, rhymes, and proverbs with your child.

Training a child's hand

At home, it is very important to develop the child’s fine motor skills, that is, his hands and fingers. This is necessary so that the child in the first grade does not have problems with writing. Many parents make a big mistake by forbidding their child to pick up scissors. Yes, you can get hurt with scissors, but if you talk to your child about how to handle scissors correctly, what you can do and what you can’t do, then the scissors will not pose a danger. Make sure that the child does not cut randomly, but along the intended line. To do this, you can draw geometric shapes and ask your child to carefully cut them out, after which you can make an applique from them. Children really like this task, and its benefits are very high. Modeling is very useful for the development of fine motor skills, and children really like to sculpt various koloboks, animals and other figures. Learn finger exercises with your child - in stores you can easily buy a book with finger exercises that are exciting and interesting for your child. In addition, you can train a preschooler’s hand by drawing, shading, tying shoelaces, and stringing beads.

When your child performs a written task, watch whether he is holding a pencil or pen correctly, so that his hand is not strained, the child’s posture and the location of the sheet of paper on the table. The duration of written tasks should not exceed five minutes, and it is not the speed of completing the task that is important, but its accuracy. You should start with simple tasks, for example, tracing an image, and gradually the task should become more difficult, but only after the child copes well with an easier task.

Some parents do not pay enough attention to the development of their child's fine motor skills. As a rule, due to ignorance of how important this is for the child’s successful education in first grade. It is known that our mind lies at our fingertips, that is, the better a child’s fine motor skills are developed, the higher his general level development. If a child has poorly developed fingers, if it is difficult for him to cut and hold scissors in his hands, then, as a rule, his speech is poorly developed and he lags behind his peers in development. This is why speech therapists recommend that parents whose children need speech therapy classes, at the same time engage in modeling, drawing and other activities to develop fine motor skills.

To ensure that your child happily goes to first grade and is prepared for school, so that his studies are successful and productive, listen to the following recommendations.

1. Don't be too demanding of your child.

2. A child has the right to make a mistake, because mistakes are common to all people, including adults.

3. Make sure that the load is not excessive for the child.

4. If you see that a child has problems, then do not be afraid to seek help from specialists: a speech therapist, a psychologist, etc.

5. Study should be harmoniously combined with rest, so arrange small holidays and surprises for your child, for example, go to the circus, museum, park, etc. on weekends.

6. Follow the daily routine so that the child wakes up and goes to bed at the same time, so that he spends enough time in the fresh air so that his sleep is calm and complete. Avoid active games and other activities before bedtime active work. Reading a book with the whole family before bed can be a good and useful family tradition.

7. Meals should be balanced; snacking is not recommended.

8. Observe how the child reacts to various situations, how he expresses his emotions, how he behaves in in public places. A child of six or seven years old must control his desires and adequately express his emotions, understand that not everything will always happen the way he wants it. You should pay special attention to a child if, at preschool age, he can publicly make a scandal in a store, if you don’t buy him something, if he reacts aggressively to his loss in a game, etc.

9. Provide your child with all the necessary materials for homework, so that at any time he can take plasticine and start sculpting, take an album and paints and draw, etc. Allocate a separate place for materials so that the child can manage them independently and keep them in order .

10. If the child is tired of studying without completing the task, then do not insist, give him a few minutes to rest, and then return to completing the task. But still, gradually teach your child so that he can do one thing for fifteen to twenty minutes without being distracted.

11. If the child refuses to complete the task, then try to find a way to interest him. To do this, use your imagination, don’t be afraid to come up with something interesting, but under no circumstances scare the child by depriving him of sweets, not letting him go for walks, etc. Be patient with the whims of your unwilling child.

12. Provide your child with a developing space, that is, strive to ensure that your baby is surrounded by as few useless things, games, and objects as possible.

13. Tell your child how you studied at school, how you went to first grade, look through your school photos together.

14. Form a positive attitude towards school in your child, that he will have many friends there, it is very interesting there, the teachers are very good and kind. You can’t scare him with bad marks, punishment for bad behavior, etc.

15. Pay attention to whether your child knows and uses “magic” words: hello, goodbye, sorry, thank you, etc. If not, then perhaps these words are not in your vocabulary. It is best not to give commands to your child: bring this, do that, put it away - but turn them into polite requests. It is known that children copy the behavior and manner of speaking of their parents.

Most school psychologists put forward four criteria for readiness to learn:

Personal – developed if educational institution attracts not only the opportunity to see friends every day, new beautiful notebooks and pens, but also the desire to learn something new, to become smarter.
Intellectual means competent, coherent speech, the ability to listen to the teacher, and the presence of certain knowledge and outlook.
Social-psychological – includes the ability to communicate, the ability to concentrate on a lesson.
Physiological – absence of developmental disabilities, physical health and psychological stability.

Children who attend kindergarten experience the first period of school easier than those at home. This is due to the fact that from the age of three and a half, teachers begin to teach them basic things, and by the first grade, kindergarteners have a certain amount of knowledge.

If parents work with their future student on their own, there is nothing to worry about. Gradual training of the skills necessary for learning initial stage, will allow your son or daughter not only to feel confident among other children, but will also help develop interest in learning.

Reminders on how to prepare your child for school yourself

The tasks that the school psychologist offers during consultation will help you understand what level of development the child is at. This is a mandatory stage, for the successful completion of which you need to work with the child for a long time.

Educational activities

Moms and dads should remember: your baby may not be able to do something. Don't put too much strain on your young head. The school is designed to tell the child about a huge number of things, broaden his horizons, and teach him how to live and work in a team.

However, there is a set of basic knowledge that a first-grader must possess:

Full names, yours and your parents'.
Address. Country, city, street and house in which he lives.
Famous plants, animals and birds. The child must distinguish between popular plants and animals, distinguish a cactus from a chamomile, a fox from a tiger. A person who checks readiness for school may ask if there are any pets at home, ask to tell about a cat, a dog, a parrot. He can also find out which animal or plant the examinee likes most and ask why.
Time. It is advisable that the first grader knows how to handle a watch. The main thing is that he distinguishes day from night, evening from morning. One of the options for the task: “Arrange the pictures in the correct order.” Most often they depict the daily routine.
Geometric figures. Before entering school, most children know how to cut out a circle, triangle, or square. In addition, they are required to correlate objects by shape: the roof of the house looks like a triangle, and the house itself looks like a square.
Colors. Boys and girls in preschool age They teach not only the basic shades, but the number of colors in the rainbow and the order of their arrangement. Parents need to teach their child to draw basic pictures, choose the right colors for the image: the sun is yellow, the grass is green, and the bunny is white.
Numbers. It is not necessary to teach the rules of subtraction and addition; the teacher will do this. Better teach how to count from 1 to 20 and back.
Seasons, months, days of the week. During preparation, children should not only name them, but also know the number and place them in the correct order.
Popular holidays. The psychologist may ask which one is your favorite. The kid must answer and tell why he chose this option.
The structure of the human body. Drawing a person is a common task when entering school.
Distinguish between living and nonliving.

Elementary rules traffic: “You can’t cross the road when it’s red,” “You can’t cross the railroad tracks.” In a game form, a school worker can test this knowledge. For example, clarifying who is right, the green bunny who is waiting or the squirrel who is running in front of a moving car.
Reading by syllables. If your child doesn’t know how to read, it’s not a big deal – they’ll teach you at school. However, this skill will greatly facilitate his learning in the future, and all other subjects will be easier.
Retelling. Developing speech skills is one of the main tasks when entering first grade. At first school year The child must understand the meaning of short stories and arrange sentences in a logical chain.
Memory. Several pictures are placed in front of the preschooler, he looks at them for a while, then they are turned over. The more details he remembers, the better. We need to reproduce the plot and tell what is depicted there.

Often school psychologists give tasks to identify unnecessary things. There are a large number of entertaining tutorials on which you can practice this skill, but classes can also be carried out using improvised means.

For example, ask your baby to choose what needs to be put away by offering him several fruits and one vegetable.

Behavior in society

Parents of a young schoolchild should think not only about academic performance, but also about how to help him join the class team. We offer recommendations that will help you understand how to quickly prepare your child for school over the summer.

Develop in it:

Independence. Teach your child to dress and tie his own shoelaces, take care of his appearance and change into sportswear before physical education. You can show that he is an adult, an equal, but this status has not only privileges, but also responsibilities. There is no need to collect the briefcase for him; it is better to check when the job is already done. The same goes for homework: try to convey the message in a gentle manner School journal- his business. But don't go too far on this issue. Remember that first of all, the baby should feel your love and support. Let him feel that he has a reliable rear where he can come with any problem, both life and academic.

Perseverance. It’s difficult for little ones to readjust after the unemployed years of childhood, and the time of a standard lesson seems like an eternity to them. When exercising with your son or daughter, help them get used to doing an activity for a while, gradually increasing the load. We recommend starting with 15 minutes, and by the beginning of the school year increase the time to half an hour.
Friendliness. Tell them why you shouldn’t fight with your classmates and call them names, but don’t forget to add that you need to be able to stand up for yourself. Explain that lying is bad. At the same time, try to convey that in some situations it is necessary to tell adults about what happened. For example, if someone tortures animals or offends the weak.
Politeness. Teach your son or daughter the formulas of etiquette communication. Remind that when meeting any person you need to say “hello”, and when saying goodbye “goodbye”, explain about “thank you” and “please”.

Very important point What you should set your child up for is cultural behavior during recess. He must know that at school he cannot run through the corridors, shout, or climb on the furniture with his feet.

Practitioners working with preschoolers offer several recommendations for those who are growing a future first-grader:

Don't compromise the teacher. Even if you disagree with him on some issues, express your dissatisfaction in a personal conversation, and not to your son or daughter. If you feel that due to youth, inexperience or other factors, the teacher cannot cope with the responsibilities assigned to him, try to help him. For example, invite the parent committee to remove some of the social burden from the teachers’ shoulders. Psychologists say that junior and middle school age- this is the time to search for a new authority, in addition to the parent. The middle level looks for it in their peers, and the junior level looks for it in the teacher. Therefore, it is very important for moms and dads not to undermine this authority, but to support it in every possible way. Disappointment in the teacher primary school can greatly shake the personality structure.

Talk to your children. Be sure to ask how each school day was. Please note that the conversation should not be limited to listing the grades received and discussing the cafeteria menu. Ask what you liked in the lessons and what you didn’t, what you remembered and what interested you. If you don't have time, it's better to reschedule the conversation for the evening or choose something else free time, but do not interrupt him mid-sentence. Children talk about what seems important to them, so the ability to listen and hear your baby is necessary for every adult. In adolescence, parents begin to repeat loudly: “He/she doesn’t tell us anything, brushes aside all questions.” Closedness and distrust of adults develop in schoolchildren in the first years of education if they feel that mom and dad do not have time for their problems and worries. To prevent this from happening in your family, remember that your child will trust you with secrets only if he sees an interest in them.
Do not evaluate learning activities. Leave it to the teachers. You should help and support the young student, and not take on the role of a supervisor. If a child cannot cope with some subject, start studying with him, and do not scold him for bad grades.
Let me rest. Even if academic performance leaves much to be desired, do not force the “failing student” to study all day long. Allocate time so that there is enough time to complete basic lessons, and for additional exercises, and for the boy to play football in the yard, and for the girl to jump in hopscotch or ride a bicycle. Focus on active, outdoor games that take place in the fresh air. They unload the consciousness, freeing it to accept new knowledge. But computer shooting games and watching cartoons can be reduced until the grades return to normal.
Don't read textbooks in advance. There is no need to go over a year's worth of material over the summer with your future first-grader. He will become bored in class and lose interest in studying. If the material is very easy for your child, consult with the class teacher. Schools have several programs of varying complexity: if necessary, the level can be increased.

Be mindful of temperament. When choosing a school, pay attention to the type nervous system who will study there. Choleric people are active and restless, they take criticism hard. For them and for sanguine people, programs of increased complexity are suitable. A wide variety of tasks will not only keep them focused on their studies, but will also help increase interest in school life. For phlegmatic and melancholic people, the fast pace of the lesson will be a difficult test. They get involved in their work gradually, thinking about one task for a long time. Choose a regular school for them, with standard requirements or a focus on one area.
Teach by playing. Determine the subject that your little student likes most and expand his horizons in this area, use game techniques. If he shows interest in the world around him, go to parks, zoos, aquariums together, and read more books about animals. If he likes math, count steps, people on the street, steps to the store or to school. If he is interested in stories about the events of the past, put together a family tree, ask your grandparents to tell you something, and the Genealogy House will help you get unique information about your family.

When preparing your child for school, listen to psychologists and teachers, read methodological and popular scientific literature on this topic, ask for advice from friends who have already passed this stage, but do not try to blindly imitate all the recommendations.

You know your child like no one else, you understand his strengths and weaknesses. Only you can find the right approach to his home training and understand how best to prepare him. Listen to your heart, but do not forget about the advice of experts.

The basis for successful schooling is good and timely preschool preparation. It is better to start this process at 3.5-4 years old, because today’s requirements for first-graders are quite high. And if the child is already 6 years old and no one has worked with him before, it will be more difficult to prepare him. There is a list of skills required for a future student, but they are not easy to master in a short period of time. And here the question becomes relevant: how to prepare a child for school at home at 6 or 7 years old?

To answer this question, let’s first consider what specific requirements exist for today’s first-grader. A child entering first grade must:

be able to introduce himself, tell something about himself, what he is interested in, name the names of his family members;
be able to write block letters, distinguish vowels and consonants well, be able to read light text;
learn the days of the week, names of months, seasons, say what time of year it is;
distinguish between morning, lunch and evening;
learn simple mathematical operations: addition and subtraction;
understand simple geometric shapes, such as a square, circle, triangle, and be able to draw them;
be able to retell short texts;
be able to exclude unnecessary items from a number of items and explain your choice;
be able to take care of oneself: dress, undress, tie shoelaces, maintain order in the workplace;
be able to behave in society, respect elders:
learn colors and preferably their shades;
describe the picture;
be able to count to twenty and from twenty to one;
learn the parts of the human body and be able to draw it correctly;
be able to answer questions, “When?”, “Why?”, “Where?”;
distinguish between animate and inanimate objects;
be able to defend your point of view without getting into a fight with those who disagree;
be able to speak politely with peers and adults;
be able to sit quietly in class, without whims and games with other students;

As you can see, the list is quite extensive and it is very difficult to acquire these skills in a short time. After all, when preparing for school you need to follow some rules:

How to prepare a child for school at home at 5, 6, 7 years old

It is clear that in order to prepare for school it is not enough to simply learn numbers and letters. It is important to comprehensively develop a child so that he can communicate with peers at the right level, but how to properly prepare a child for school at home at 5, 6, 7 years old and not discourage him from learning?

Knowing something interesting will make it much easier to establish yourself well among your classmates. And vice versa: being poorly prepared in this regard, a child can become an outsider in the team. Of course, it is easier for children from preschool institutions to get used to school than for those who have this preparation at home. But if you still decide to prepare your child for school at home, we bring to your attention our recommendations for these activities.

Reading activities

these activities are paramount relative to all others, because having mastered reading, it will be easier for the child to study other subjects (you can read more about how to easily and quickly teach a child to read);
letters should be taught in alphabetical order. For clarity, you can sculpt them from plasticine and guess what the letter looks like. For example, “w” - for a beetle, “o” - for glasses, and so on. You can also interest your child by showing letters with your hands or with your whole body. For ideas on how to easily and playfully learn all the letters with your child, see
read a simple text to the future student and ask him to find the letter he just learned in it;
invite your child to answer questions about the text, tell what it says, and retell it;

Math classes

It’s good to start these activities by counting simple, familiar objects, such as toys, candy, fruit. Later, you can gradually switch to counting sticks or special cards. Learn to count with whole numbers;
Learn numbers effectively in pairs. For example, 1 and 2, 5 and 6. This will make it easier for the child to understand that if you add one to five apples, you get six apples. In one lesson you need to study one number pair, and at the beginning of the next, repeat what you have learned and only then take on new numbers.
To get your child interested in geometry, you can study geometric shapes using cookies as an example. Today in stores you will find square, round, and triangular cookies.
when simple figures have been studied, you can start drawing them using a ruler;
It is useful to alternate all of the listed activities.

Writing classes

the baby’s hand should be prepared for writing, because it is not yet ready for this type of activity;
Classes for the development of fine motor skills have a very good effect in this regard. At two or three years old, you can use cereals, pasta, and beads for this; learn to tie your shoelaces;
teach your child to use children's safety scissors with rounded ends - this also prepares the hand well for writing;
first you need to learn how to write block letters, and only having received the first results in this direction, you should start writing capital letters;
teach your child to write neatly without going beyond the lines;
use a handle that is comfortable for your baby;
provides great assistance in preparing for writing finger gymnastics. It will be effective if you do it together with your child, saying “We wrote, we wrote, our fingers are tired. We’ll rest a little and start writing again.”
The notebook in which you are going to write must meet modern school requirements. Stores offer a wide selection of all kinds of writing aids;

Creative activities

teach your child to use a brush, pencils, felt-tip pens, etc.;
It’s good if the baby learns to shade shapes without going beyond their boundaries. Use this with large details in drawings;
effectively combine creative activities with the study of geometric shapes. For example, you made an applique of a watermelon and immediately noticed that it resembles a circle;
and vice versa: you can draw, cut and sculpt letters and numbers. This way the child will better understand what is being studied;

Psychological readiness for school

Psychologists say that a child’s adaptation to school will be smoother if the first-grader has developed certain skills. Here is their list:

desire to study, interest in knowledge;
the ability to analyze and draw conclusions, compare objects and concepts;
understanding the goals of learning at school, awareness of one’s self, communication skills;
concentration on what is being studied at the moment;
overcoming difficulties, the ability to finish what you start.

To prepare a child for school psychologically, parents should:

communicate with the future student, read together and discuss what they read;
when discussing a fairy tale or story read, incline the child to think about what is described in the text, teach him to draw conclusions and express own opinion about what you read;
Show your child what school is like in a playful way, praise the child during the game, and give careful advice. It’s good if you change the roles of “student” and “teacher”;
do not finish tasks instead of your child, teach him to do it independently or with a little help from you;
Do not limit the independence of your child. Excessive care can only harm him. If you do not allow your child to learn in due time to independently perform such simple actions as tying shoelaces, fastening buttons, dressing and undressing, neatly putting his clothes in place, etc., he may become the subject of ridicule in the children's group. And vice versa: healthy independence will help the child to assert himself in a new society and gain the necessary authority.
Teach your child to communicate with peers: arrange games with other children in the yard or at home, take part in these games yourself, and along the way, gently tell your child how best to communicate with peers and not quarrel.
Try never to laugh at your baby alone, and especially in the presence of other children. This can give rise to low self-esteem in the child, which leads to self-doubt;
Use positive motivation to encourage your child to learn. Tell him how many new, useful and interesting things he can learn in lessons at school;
Teach your child to be disciplined, explain to him why silence is needed in the classroom during the lesson.
Teach your child to ask questions to the teacher if something said is not clear. Let him be afraid of not knowing something rather than clarify it with the teacher. Explain to your child that he must take care of his knowledge himself.
Help your child learn self-respect and understand that excessive aggression or, on the contrary, timidity can harm him. After all, you need to be able to defend your point of view calmly, without shouting or fighting. Try to play out typical situations that arise between children at school. During the game, you will be able to see how ready your child is for such situations, you will be able to give him advice, teach him how to behave correctly. You can also offer your child your own way out of the current situation, but only after you listen to the child’s opinion on this matter. Of course, you need to encourage the child to do well in any case.

Health issues and school

A special place in preparation for school is occupied by the health of the future student.

It is very important during this preparation and during the training itself to be able to teach the future student something and not harm his health.

At the age of 6-7 years, a child undergoes such important changes as the change of teeth and intensive growth of the whole organism. This is the age when the need for movement in children is very great. And if the opportunity arises to sit at a desk at the age of 7, then from a health point of view, this is much better for the child. If you have to send your child to school at the age of 6, then special attention should be paid to the quality of physical training that your future educational institution offers you. It is very good if the school has an equipped gym and swimming pool. After all, in addition to gaining new knowledge, the child needs frequent physical education lessons so that the blood vessels and heart work actively, so that there is an appropriate load on the joints, etc. Voluntary physical activity during breaks is also beneficial for the health of students, and it is very good if the classroom is ventilated during the absence of students.

On the part of parents, one of the components of healthy preparation for school is proper summer rest before studying. As you know, a child needs rest:

from communicating with a large number of people and, accordingly, from contact with sources of various infections;
from a huge amount of household chemicals and exhaust gases;
from catering.

Dr. Komarovsky describes the ideal vacation for a child this way: “a dacha in a village where there are a minimum of people, where a mother or grandmother has prepared something from the garden and where there are certainly no household chemicals.” That is, an ideal vacation for a child from a doctor’s point of view is “an inflatable pool with well water, a dump truck dumped sand nearby, a dirty, hungry child climbs out of the water into the sand and shouts “Mom, let me eat!” If a child spends the summer like this, then his heart, blood vessels, and mucous membranes will work perfectly and he will be ready to meet new friends and, accordingly, new infections.

Developing your child’s natural curiosity, learn the world, people and communication with them. Considering the advice of psychologists, teachers and doctors on how to prepare a child for school at home at age 6, do not forget to show personal interest in the process, which will further inspire the future student. If a first-grader is prepared for school, if he masters the basic skills for learning, his horizons are broadened, and he knows how to communicate with peers, then it will be much easier for him to study at school than otherwise, if he is not suitably prepared.

How to prepare your child for school: video

Did you find the article “how to prepare a 5, 6, 7 year old child for school at home” useful? Share with friends using social media buttons. Add this article to your bookmarks so you don’t lose it.

Reading time: 6 minutes. Views 327 Published 06/19/2019

The child’s adaptation to new social conditions and his ability to comprehend material in class depend on how the preparation for school goes. Should I send my baby to special care? preparatory classes or it is possible to develop children’s potential at home - let’s figure it out.

What indicates readiness to learn

Child psychologists determine a child’s readiness for school based on 4 criteria:

Personal. When a child is drawn to a group of children not only because of the opportunity to communicate with them, but also because of the desire to become wiser, to learn what he does not yet know.
Intellectual. Characterized by competent speech, complete thoughts, the presence of minimal knowledge, and the ability to listen carefully to adults.
Socio-psychological. Implies the ability to communicate with peers, the ability to concentrate one’s attention.
Physiological. When the child is healthy and psychologically stable.

According to psychologists, you can start as early as 3.5 years. After all, it is during this age period that spatial and logical thinking actively develops, and memory processes improve.

Children attending kindergarten quickly perceive and complete tasks for preschoolers. It is easier for them to survive the first months of school and adapt to a new team.

This is explained by the fact that in middle group Teachers begin to introduce children to the basic information they will need in first grade.

The child must have a developed volitional sphere and motivation to acquire knowledge. The child must independently strive to go to school, want to grow wiser and build relationships in the new team.

Rules for conducting classes at home

To prepare your child for school on your own, create a lesson plan. You can purchase a real diary, which will contain a real lesson schedule.

Fill out this diary for yourself, and also give your little one grades. They can be in the form of emoticons of various colors - the baby will really like this and will stimulate him to study harder.

Large topics should be broken down into separate sessions that should not exceed 15 minutes at a time. Try not to provide more than 2 activities per day for 4-5 year olds.

Also take breaks educational process, during which you can do eye exercises or perform several physical exercises.

To accustom your baby to order, ask him to fold books, pens, and notebooks after class.

Preparing for school includes not only learning to count, read and write. It is important to teach your child to follow a daily routine, to be diligent, polite, attentive, and friendly.

The success of his socialization depends on how positive and self-confident a child is. In the first days it will not be easy, but gradually the child will get used to it and love your joint activities.

What needs to be taught

It is important to know not only how to prepare, but also what to introduce a young preschooler to.

Every future first-grader should know his full name and parents' names, address, seasons, colors, common animals, be able to distinguish animate from inanimate.

The most important preparatory material should include the following activities:

reading;
basics of mathematics and geometry;
calligraphy;
creation;
foreign language.

Let's take a look at each section in more detail.

Reading

Acquiring this skill is fundamental. The success of the process of acquiring new knowledge depends on this skill. Initially, the baby should become familiar with the alphabet; to do this, purchase a large colorful alphabet (magnetic and sound alphabet are sold). This will make the familiarization process more interesting and faster.

Go from simple to complex. Teach your child to put familiar letters into syllables and words. Find children's songs and rhymes about letters on the Internet. They will help your child remember the entire alphabet faster.

The baby must pronounce the sound form of consonant letters (not “um”, but “m”). This will make it easier for him to combine letters and form words from them.

Assignments for preschoolers should be done in a playful way. To do this, buy an additional didactic material for lessons: puzzles, cubes, cards with letters. You can make cards yourself that will clearly illustrate the combination of letters into syllables.

Basics of mathematics and geometry

To do this, you need to familiarize your child with the concepts of “more,” “less,” and “equal.” Use special sticks for practicing. Let the child place them next to the objects: if there are 2 cars, then there should be 2 sticks.

Begin your acquaintance with the basics of geometry by explaining the concepts of “close” and “far.” And then inform the child about the presence of various geometric shapes: triangle, square, oval, rectangle. Let the baby learn to distinguish them from each other.

Try to study in a playful way: after all, new information is not easy to comprehend. Buy cubes with numbers on them, they will help you learn counting. Ask your child to count the cars passing by or the children passing by.

Calligraphy

Children under 6 years of age are not yet confident in holding a pen, so don't expect perfect results from them. Learning penmanship should begin with writing out various squiggles and hooks. Start writing the letters themselves (printed) when your child reaches 5 years of age.

If you don’t like your child’s handwriting, you shouldn’t correct it and put pressure on your child. Perhaps the baby’s fine motor skills are poorly developed - you still have time for developmental tasks.

Take up modeling, putting together puzzles, assembling construction sets - this will help improve motor skills.

Immediately teach your baby to hold a hand correctly. At school it will be difficult to wean him from the developed habit of writing.

When writing, always watch the child's posture. Your back should be straight, your chest should be at table level, and your elbows should be on the table.

If you study in the evening, use a desk lamp. The notebook should also be positioned in a special way: slightly at an angle, and the left corner at the bottom should point to the central part of the chest.

Creation

Tasks for preschoolers in this area should be related to what the child likes: it can be drawing, modeling, appliqué. If you choose drawing, it is recommended to consolidate the material covered through this lesson. You can color numbers, letters, draw circles, squares.

Make animals and say their name and color out loud. Pay attention to where animals live and what they eat. If you are making an applique, indicate what shape the object is used and what the baby associates with it.

Foreign language

Since children 4-5 years old are actively developing memory and thinking, they need to constantly and systematically replenish them lexicon. It is clear that a child of this age does not need knowledge of a foreign alphabet.

Start teaching him simple vocabulary: names of family members, flowers, fruits and vegetables in another language.

Teach how to answer simple questions (What is your name? How old are you?). Learning short foreign rhymes and songs is especially effective.

This basic knowledge will help your child better understand educational material, because he will know what we are talking about.

Conclusion

If you don’t have the time and desire to work with your child every day, then it’s better to sign him up for preparatory classes. If you want to prepare your child for school on your own, then this is quite possible.

The main thing is to conduct lessons in accordance with the schedule you created, and not to be lazy. Also, before introducing a new topic, do not forget to review previously studied material. And there is no need to worry if your child learns the material poorly - you are only preparing him to receive basic information, and not preparing him for the exam.